January 29, 1932 on Gorky Automobile Plant the first GAZ-AA truck, the legendary "one and a half", rolled off the assembly line. He became one of the first legendary Soviet trucks that our country can be proud of. Many of these cars are still driving on the streets of Russia...
AMO-F-15 - the first Soviet truck
The first Soviet truck appeared in 1922. Then for the first time the small and angular AMO-F-15, created on the basis of the Italian cargo car FIAT 15 Ter, which was produced at the AMO plant (the current ZIL) in 1917-1919. But at the same time, the design was noticeably changed by local engineers.
The first ten copies of the AMO-F-15 took part in a demonstration on Red Square, timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Revolution. And three of them a few days later were sent to a test rally along Russian off-road.
Trucks during this long race showed themselves from the best side, so the plant began their mass production. In total, in the period from 1924 to 1931, 6285 copies of the AMO rolled off the assembly line.
GAZ-AA - the legendary "one and a half"
This car got its nickname "lorry" (and also "polundra") due to the load capacity of 1.5 tons, for which this truck was designed. Initially, GAZ-AA was created on the basis of ford car Model AA, but then upgraded several times, eventually becoming an independent vehicle.
GAZ-AA was produced from 1932 to 1950, eventually becoming one of the most massive trucks in the history of the USSR (985 thousand copies).
The finest hour of the "lorry" fell on the times of the Second World War - this unpretentious, simple, but reliable truck became the main "horse" of the Red Army. Including, and during the breakthrough of the Siege of Leningrad, when relatively light "gaziki" in large quantities they carried food to the besieged city on the ice of Lake Ladoga.
ZiS-5 - three-ton
Another legendary participant in the Great Patriotic War was the ZiS-5 truck (aka "three-ton", aka "Zakhar", aka "Zakhar Ivanovich").
Serial production of the ZiS-5 began in 1933. In fact, this truck became the heir to AMO-3. It was assembled entirely from domestic components, and during the war its design was simplified as much as possible - in harsh years, quantity was more important than quality.
By the way, the legendary Katyusha was also created on the basis of this truck, albeit a slightly modernized one (officially called the ZiS-6).
GAZ-51 - a truck for virgin soil
The first copy of the GAZ-51 truck was created and shown to the public back in 1940, however, the war prevented it mass production. So serial production began only in 1946, when the country needed equipment for post-war reconstruction.
Having become the most massive truck in the country in the fifties, the GAZ-51 was actively used in the development of virgin lands - untouched fertile steppes in the north of Kazakhstan. For the participants of this "great campaign", he became one of the symbols new era, the growth of the economic power of the USSR in those years.
Good design and enough low price turned the GAZ-51 into an export product, which Soviet Union delivered abroad. Moreover, not only to the countries of the Eastern bloc, but also to the capitalist states.
ZiS-150 - a successful "clone" american truck
Externally domestic truck The ZiS-150 is very similar to the American car International Harvester K-7, but it cannot be considered a “clone”. In fact, this car had only an American cabin - during the war, Soviet representatives were able to agree with the United States on the supply of body stamping presses. The technical basis of the novelty is local development and production.
At first, the body of the ZiS-150 was made partially of wood - the country devastated by the war did not have enough metal. However, over time, this shortcoming was corrected. The truck was produced between 1947 and 1957. A total of 771,883 units of this car were produced.
ZIL-130 - universal truck
ZIL-130 is probably the most versatile truck domestic production. On the basis of this machine, over its half-century history, not only trucks, but also dump trucks, tractors, fire trucks and snowplows, garbage trucks, etc. were created.
The secret of this versatility is a successful design that allows you to change the purpose of the vehicle without changing it. technical part, relatively small cost production and reliability, allowing the truck to operate for decades.
Trucks are still produced on the ZIL-130 chassis. True, now they are called AMUR. However, hundreds of thousands of ZILs Soviet-made still drive on the roads of Russia and other countries. In total, more than three million copies of this truck were produced.
GAZ-66 - cargo SUV
GAZ-66 was created to drive through the most extreme conditions, where no other vehicle can pass. Four driven wheels allow the car to drive over dirt, rough terrain, rocks, rocks and other nasty surfaces. This is the reason why the GAZ-66 has become almost the main army truck.
What's the Soviet and Russian army! Even Jean-Claude Van Damme's character in the action movie The Expendables 2 drove a GAZ-66! Isn't that a real worldwide recognition?
Ural-375 - six-axle SUV
Ural-375 - another one four wheel drive truck, which was massively used not only for civilian, but also for military needs. Three driving axles and huge wheels, as well as large load capacity allowed to carry it on the most bad roads and in the absence of these, not only people and goods, but even systems salvo fire"Grad".
However, significant technical shortcomings, for example, unreliable, but costly Gas engine, as well as problems in the brake system, led to the fact that the Ministry of Defense already in 1982 began to replace this truck with the Ural-4320.
In the civilian sector, the Ural-375 truck, produced until 1992, is still used in the oil and geological exploration industries.
KrAZ-255 - Ukrainian hero
KrAZ-255 is a true legend of the Ukrainian and Soviet automotive industry. During its existence (since 1967), it received from the people, probably, more nicknames than any other domestic car, for example, “lappet”, “bast shoes” and even “moon rover”.
There are legends about the traction power and ubiquitous cross-country ability of this truck. It is believed that this car can pull seven wagons loaded with coal straight along the sleepers.
More interesting fact – individual models KrAZ-255 can be refueled not only with gasoline, but also with kerosene. Partly because of this, it was used as a tractor on airfields. However, being a driver on this truck is a real torment (which is only the lack of power steering!). No wonder another of his nicknames is "cannibal".
KamAZ - the king of Soviet trucks
In principle, the KamAZ brand itself can be called the “main Soviet truck” as such! After all, since the mid-seventies, it was these vehicles that took over a significant part of civilian cargo transportation in the country. And the first model produced by the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny in 1976 was the KamAZ-5320.
KamAZ-5320 did not have a berth in the cab, which later became a signature element of this brand, but it was reliable and powerful truck. In subsequent models, such a constructive addition appeared, which turned the truck not just into a car, but into a real motor home.
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There is again fierce debate on the Internet - which long-range tractor would be ideal in our conditions; for the umpteenth time! The debaters, as always, were divided into two main camps: the ideal - with a hood, and without. Another section is by components: ours or imports. Let's remember what attempts to create long-range trucks were made by our car factories, starting from the time of the late USSR.
01.
IN Soviet time no commercial prototypes were shown to the people - the party and the government themselves decided what and where to ride. The first, extraordinarily bold, even by world standards, attempt to imagine a truck of the future was the famous "Perestroika". MAZ-2000, as its creators called it, was shown in 1988, and earned rave reviews in Paris. And although plans to launch a series were discussed even at the ministerial level, there was a minimum chance of a series. Still, "Perestroika" was not so much a revolutionary truck as a different transport concept, under which the infrastructure of roads, interchanges and terminals would have to be redone. All built cars remained prototypes, but Minskers set the tone for the rest of the car factories - it was time to turn to face consumers and try to offer a really new product. 
02.
The first trucks Altkam-5443(by the name of the Kamaz-Austrian joint venture) were conceived back in the USSR, and in 1991 Altcam became the first post-Soviet truck to use imported components: Cummins or MAN engines, Eaton or ZF gearboxes, Raba axles, Sisu cabs. It is not surprising that the first private traders bought these tractors, even despite the solid price. And the "adult" European competitors killed the brand: because of mass production, the cars were cheaper, and even completely imported. 
03.
In 1993, MAZ was "issued to the surface" MAZ-5445. For the "dashing nineties" - just a sensation. A "foreign" design, a flat floor, a spacious original cabin, and also in combination with a trailer built according to the technologies of the German company Kögel, with which MAZ was then trying to organize a joint venture. A serious contender for the title of King of the Roads! But... Expensive. Did not work out. The only prototype was parked in the "menagerie" .... 
04.
Unexpectedly, in the same 1993, the metropolitan ZiL, which had previously reigned in the middle class, presented its "ideal trucker". Moreover, it was a true "American" loved by many - Kenworth T800, completely on original units. They were planned to be produced by the newly formed joint venture Novotrak (ZiL-Kenworth-Caterpillar). But due to the sluggishness of the huge enterprise, everything was bent, and two cars remained in the country (one in the photo), but we never saw "our American" on the roads. 
05.
Two years later, the Ukrainian KrAZ tried to get into the niche of long-range tractors. For the first time in history, he introduced a two-axle tractor KrAZ-5444 with a sleeping bag, a high roof and a modified hood; on the usual domestic units. But no one imagined the "monster of quarries" as a long-range tractor, and there were no people who wanted to massively purchase such machines. Gradually, road tractors disappeared from the plant's program ... 
Photo by Sergey Popsuevich
06.
Approximately in 1998, this idea of KrAZ was repeated by ZIL, already independently, on the usual basis. The cab of the city bonneted medium-tonnage was increased from above and behind, a spectacular body kit was made, and a Caterpillar engine was installed. They built two- and three-axle variants, but again things did not go further than prototypes. As in many similar cases, clients who had the means preferred foreign cars, and poor private traders preferred second-hand ones. 
07.
Here, Belarusians again joined the fight for the client. They relied on the Europeans, forming in 1998 the German-Belarusian joint venture " MAZ-MAN". It is clear whose components were on the tractors 5432
. They became mass-produced, they sold quite well. But, alas, the same story was repeated as with Altkam, plus political factors were added, and the Germans left the joint venture. The plant and the brand still exist today, but they no longer engage in "long-range combat", having quite successfully switched to the construction direction. 
08.
In 2001, at the Moscow festival "Autoexotica" 2001 "surprise pops up ... all the same MAZ-5445, already with a serial cabin instead of the original one. The prototype came into the possession of the Moscow body shop "Car-Systems", where the car was converted to new way. Atelier made a loud statement about the release of such trucks. Naturally, no series came close, but the only car lives in private hands in Altai. 
Photo by Nikolai Krapivin, website fototruck.ru
09.
An amazing event took place at MIMS "2002 - a little-known plant presented its bonneted road tractor UAMZ. This branch of ZiL quietly assembled ordinary trucks, and suddenly hired designers and created their own prototype " Buran". The appearance of the car was at least where, but the components - from the hopelessly outdated ZiL-130, albeit with diesel engine. There was no money to start production, and he remained a prototype, only stirring up the cargo community. 
Photo by Vyacheslav Korolyov
10.
And again the hood, and again from Ukraine. In 2004, the Kremenchug private company "Vladimir"announced the launch of its tractor KV-400. The two built samples were outwardly the same (cabin from the Czech Tatra with its own plastic "nose"), but differed in engines: Deutz or YaMZ. Why the plans did not come true is unknown, but it is unlikely that cars of an unknown brand would become mega-popular. Although witnesses noted good cabin ergonomics ... 
Photo by Alexander Govorukha
11.
And then our "Ural" joined the fight, in 2005 putting up a three-axle bonnet at MIMS Ural-6464. The car could not have become a breakthrough in the market - the cab from the old IVECO Turbo-Tech with a plastic hood, engine and gearbox gear YaMZ, springs on all axles. As in the case of KrAZ, an attempt by a specialist in the off-road "military" to flow into distant battle the market did not accept. 
Photo by Yuri Rogoza
12.
But maybe the supporters of the cabover layout liked the Ural car? The following year, a cabover "long-range" appeared Ural-63674 4x2, but, alas, also remained a rare guest on Russian roads. Probably for the same reason. 
13.
After some lull, in the midst of the crisis, in 2009, unexpectedly for everyone well-known manufacturer trailer equipment, the TONAR plant brought its tractor to the market, TONAR-5422. It was a "hodgepodge" - the cabin, axles and gearbox - Chinese, Cummins engine, and then YaMZ-650, the frame is its own, the suspension is American (but with modifications). In principle, these machines are sold, but most are used by Tonar himself... 
Photo by Maxim Shelepenkov
14.
MAZ workers were the last to stun the market today. In 2011, 64 years after the launch of the bonneted MAZ-200, the public was shown a bonneted MAZ-6440RA. The novelty was unusual due to a 600-horsepower MMZ diesel engine (modified by Tutaev), an Allison automatic machine, and a front air suspension. 
15.
The next year, MAZ rolled out new version long-range hood. On MAZe-6440RA sample of 2012 have already made a full-fledged full-size sleeping bag, like real "Americans". This car could well, if not blow up the market, then become a good alternative to the American used car. In the same Siberia, where there are many American tractors, and MAZov, they would definitely love this car, but in Minsk they decided to close the project ... It's a pity that the dream did not come true again. 
While there is a lull on the front of creating a dream for a trucker ... Will the perfect one appear domestic tractor for our roads? In any case, its creators will have to take into account several factors:
1. It is pointless to pass off old elements as new. The client knows perfectly well whether this is a new cabin or a refurbished one from the old one.
2. It is dangerous to assemble units, interfering with "French with Nizhny Novgorod". A great-looking truck with antediluvian stuffing is not bought.
3. Without a level of quality congenial to competitors, today you can only count on single sales, at any price.
And with or without a hood - it does not matter, we have enough admirers of both options.
On January 29, 1932, the first GAZ-AA truck, the legendary "one and a half", rolled off the assembly line at the Gorky Automobile Plant. He became one of the first legendary Soviet trucks that our country can be proud of. Many of these cars are still driving on the streets of Russia.
AMO-F-15 - the first Soviet truck
The first Soviet truck appeared in 1922. Then, for the first time, the small and angular AMO-F-15, created on the basis of the Italian truck FIAT 15 Ter, which was produced at the AMO plant (the current ZIL) in 1917-1919, entered the streets. But at the same time, the design was noticeably changed by local engineers.
The first ten copies of the AMO-F-15 took part in a demonstration on Red Square, timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Revolution. And three of them a few days later were sent to a test rally on Russian off-road. Trucks during this long race showed themselves from the best side, so the plant began their mass production. In total, in the period from 1924 to 1931, 6285 copies of the AMO rolled off the assembly line. 
GAZ-AA - the legendary "one and a half" 
This car got its nickname "lorry" (and also "polundra") due to the load capacity of 1.5 tons, for which this truck was designed. Initially, GAZ-AA was created on the basis of a car Ford Model AA, but then upgraded several times, eventually becoming an independent vehicle. 
GAZ-AA was produced from 1932 to 1950, eventually becoming one of the most massive trucks in the history of the USSR (985 thousand copies). The finest hour of the "lorry" came during the Second World War - this unpretentious, simple, but reliable truck became the main "horse" of the Red Army. Including, and during the breakthrough of the Siege of Leningrad, when relatively light "gaziki" in large quantities carried food to the besieged city on the ice of Lake Ladoga. 
ZiS-5 - three-ton
Another legendary participant in the Great Patriotic War was the ZiS-5 truck (aka "three-ton", aka "Zakhar", aka "Zakhar Ivanovich"). 
Serial production of the ZiS-5 began in 1933. In fact, this truck became the heir to AMO-3. It was assembled entirely from domestic components, and during the war its design was simplified as much as possible - in harsh years, quantity was more important than quality. By the way, the legendary Katyusha was also created on the basis of this truck, albeit a slightly modernized one (officially called the ZiS-6). 
GAZ-51 - a truck for virgin soil
The first copy of the GAZ-51 truck was created and shown to the public back in 1940, however, the war prevented its mass production. So serial production began only in 1946, when the country needed equipment for post-war reconstruction. 
Having become the most massive truck in the country in the fifties, the GAZ-51 was actively used in the development of virgin lands - untouched fertile steppes in the north of Kazakhstan. For the participants of this “great campaign”, he became one of the symbols of the new era, the growth of the economic power of the USSR in those years. 
A successful design and a fairly low price turned the GAZ-51 into an export product that the Soviet Union supplied abroad. Moreover, not only to the countries of the Eastern bloc, but also to the capitalist states.
ZiS-150 - a successful "clone" of the American truck
Outwardly, the domestic truck ZiS-150 is very similar to the American International Harvester K-7, but it cannot be considered a “clone”. In fact, this car had only an American cabin - during the war, Soviet representatives were able to agree with the United States on the supply of body stamping presses. The technical basis of the novelty is local development and production. 
At first, the body of the ZiS-150 was made partially of wood - the country devastated by the war did not have enough metal. However, over time, this shortcoming was corrected. The truck was produced between 1947 and 1957. A total of 771,883 units of this car were produced. 
ZIL-130 - universal truck
ZIL-130 is probably the most versatile truck of domestic production. On the basis of this machine, over its half-century history, not only trucks, but also dump trucks, tractors, fire trucks and snowplows, garbage trucks, etc. were created. The secret of this versatility is a successful design that allows you to change the purpose of the vehicle without changing its technical part, a relatively low production cost and reliability that allows you to operate the truck for decades. 
Trucks are still produced on the ZIL-130 chassis. True, now they are called AMUR. However, hundreds of thousands of Soviet-made ZILs still drive on the roads of Russia and other countries. In total, more than three million copies of this truck were produced. 
GAZ-66 - cargo SUV
GAZ-66 was created to drive through the most extreme conditions, where no other vehicle can pass. Four driven wheels allow the car to drive over dirt, rough terrain, rocks, rocks and other nasty surfaces. This is the reason why the GAZ-66 has become almost the main army truck. 
Why is there a Soviet and Russian army! Even Jean-Claude Van Damme's character in the action movie The Expendables 2 drove a GAZ-66! Isn't that a real worldwide recognition? 
Ural-375 - six-axle SUV
Ural-375 is another four-wheel drive truck that was massively used not only for civilian, but also for military needs. Three driving axles and huge wheels, as well as a large carrying capacity, made it possible to carry on it on the worst roads and in the absence of these, not only people and cargo, but even the Grad multiple launch rocket system. However, significant technical shortcomings, for example, an unreliable but expensive gasoline engine, as well as problems in the brake system, led the Ministry of Defense to begin replacing this truck with the Ural-4320 already in 1982. 
In the civilian sector, the Ural-375 truck, produced until 1992, is still used in the oil and geological exploration industries. 
KrAZ-255 - Ukrainian hero
KrAZ-255 is a true legend of the Ukrainian and Soviet automotive industry. During its existence (since 1967), it received from the people, probably, more nicknames than any other domestic machine, for example, “lappet”, “bast shoe” and even “moon rover”. There are legends about the traction power and ubiquitous cross-country ability of this truck. It is believed that this car can pull seven wagons loaded with coal straight along the sleepers. 
Another interesting fact is that some KrAZ-255 models can be refueled not only with gasoline, but also with kerosene. Partly because of this, it was used as a tractor on airfields. However, being a driver on this truck is a real torment (which is only the lack of power steering!). No wonder another of his nicknames is "cannibal". 
KamAZ - the king of Soviet trucks
In principle, the KamAZ brand itself can be called the “main Soviet truck” as such! After all, since the mid-seventies, it was these vehicles that took over a significant part of civilian cargo transportation in the country. And the first model produced by the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny in 1976 was the KamAZ-5320. 
KamAZ-5320 did not have a berth in the cab, which later became a branded element of this brand, but was a reliable and powerful truck. In subsequent models, such a constructive addition appeared, which turned the truck not just into a car, but into a real motor home. 
On January 29, 1932, the first GAZ-AA truck, the legendary "one and a half", rolled off the assembly line at the Gorky Automobile Plant. He became one of the first legendary Soviet trucks that our country can be proud of. Many of these cars are still driving on the streets of Russia.
AMO-F-15 - the first Soviet truck
The first Soviet truck appeared in 1922. Then, for the first time, the small and angular AMO-F-15, created on the basis of the Italian truck FIAT 15 Ter, which was produced at the AMO plant (the current ZIL) in 1917-1919, entered the streets. But at the same time, the design was noticeably changed by local engineers.
The first ten copies of the AMO-F-15 took part in a demonstration on Red Square, timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Revolution. And three of them a few days later were sent to a test rally on Russian off-road. Trucks during this long race showed themselves from the best side, so the plant began their mass production. In total, in the period from 1924 to 1931, 6285 copies of the AMO rolled off the assembly line.
AMO-F-15 is the first Soviet truck. Photo source: truck-auto.info
GAZ-AA - the legendary "one and a half"
This car got its nickname "lorry" (and also "polundra") due to the load capacity of 1.5 tons, for which this truck was designed. Initially, GAZ-AA was created on the basis of the Ford Model AA car, but then it was modernized several times, eventually becoming an independent vehicle.
GAZ-AA - the legendary "one and a half". Photo source: alternathistory.org.ua
GAZ-AA was produced from 1932 to 1950, eventually becoming one of the most massive trucks in the history of the USSR (985 thousand copies). The finest hour of the "lorry" came during the Second World War - this unpretentious, simple, but reliable truck became the main "horse" of the Red Army. Including, and during the breakthrough of the Siege of Leningrad, when relatively light "gaziki" in large quantities carried food to the besieged city on the ice of Lake Ladoga.
GAZ-AA - the legendary "one and a half". Photo source: denisovets.ru
ZiS-5 - three-ton
Another legendary participant in the Great Patriotic War was the ZiS-5 truck (aka "three-ton", aka "Zakhar", aka "Zakhar Ivanovich").
ZiS-5 - three-ton. Photo source: chenado.net
Serial production of the ZiS-5 began in 1933. In fact, this truck became the heir to AMO-3. It was assembled entirely from domestic components, and during the war its design was simplified as much as possible - in harsh years, quantity was more important than quality. By the way, the legendary Katyusha was also created on the basis of this truck, albeit a slightly modernized one (officially called the ZiS-6).
ZiS-5 - three-ton. Photo source: maxpark.com
GAZ-51 - a truck for virgin soil
The first copy of the GAZ-51 truck was created and shown to the public back in 1940, but the war prevented its mass production. So serial production began only in 1946, when the country needed equipment for post-war reconstruction.
GAZ-51 - a truck for virgin soil. Photo source: gaz51.ru
Having become the most massive truck in the country in the fifties, the GAZ-51 was actively used in the development of virgin lands - untouched fertile steppes in the north of Kazakhstan. For the participants of this “great campaign”, he became one of the symbols of the new era, the growth of the economic power of the USSR in those years.
GAZ-51 - a truck for virgin soil. Photo source: uralaz.ru
A successful design and a fairly low price turned the GAZ-51 into an export product that the Soviet Union supplied abroad. Moreover, not only to the countries of the Eastern bloc, but also to the capitalist states.
ZiS-150 - a successful "clone" of the American truck
Outwardly, the domestic truck ZiS-150 is very similar to the American International Harvester K-7, but it cannot be considered a “clone”. In fact, this car had only an American cabin - during the war, Soviet representatives were able to agree with the United States on the supply of body stamping presses. The technical basis of the novelty is local development and production.
ZiS-150 is a successful "clone" of the American truck. Photo source: avtomobili-rnd.ru
At first, the body of the ZiS-150 was made partially of wood - the country devastated by the war did not have enough metal. However, over time, this shortcoming was corrected. The truck was produced between 1947 and 1957. A total of 771,883 units of this car were produced.
ZiS-150 is a successful "clone" of the American truck. Photo source: dennism.livejournal.com
ZIL-130 - universal truck
ZIL-130 is probably the most versatile truck of domestic production. On the basis of this machine, over its half-century history, not only trucks, but also dump trucks, tractors, fire trucks and snowplows, garbage trucks, etc. were created. The secret of this versatility is a successful design that allows you to change the purpose of the vehicle without changing its technical part, a relatively low production cost and reliability that allows you to operate the truck for decades.
ZIL-130 is a universal truck. Photo source: avto.at.ua
Trucks are still produced on the ZIL-130 chassis. True, now they are called AMUR. However, hundreds of thousands of Soviet-made ZILs still drive on the roads of Russia and other countries. In total, more than three million copies of this truck were produced.
ZIL-130 is a universal truck. Photo source: gruzovikpress.ru
GAZ-66 - cargo SUV
GAZ-66 was created to drive through the most extreme conditions, where no other vehicle can pass. Four driven wheels allow the car to drive over dirt, rough terrain, rocks, rocks and other nasty surfaces. This is the reason why the GAZ-66 has become almost the main army truck.
GAZ-66 - cargo SUV. Photo source: topwar.ru
Why is there a Soviet and Russian army! Even Jean-Claude Van Damme's character in the action movie The Expendables 2 drove a GAZ-66! Isn't that a real worldwide recognition?
GAZ-66 - cargo SUV. Photo source: Wikipedia
Ural-375 - six-axle SUV
Ural-375 is another four-wheel drive truck that was massively used not only for civilian, but also for military needs. Three driving axles and huge wheels, as well as a large carrying capacity, made it possible to carry on it on the worst roads and in the absence of these, not only people and cargo, but even the Grad multiple launch rocket system. However, significant technical shortcomings, for example, an unreliable but expensive gasoline engine, as well as problems in the brake system, led the Ministry of Defense to begin replacing this truck with the Ural-4320 already in 1982.
Ural-375 is a six-axle SUV. Photo source: denisovets.ru
In the civilian sector, the Ural-375 truck, produced until 1992, is still used in the oil and geological exploration industries.
Ural-375 is a six-axle SUV. Photo source: truck-auto.info
KrAZ-255 - Ukrainian hero
KrAZ-255 is a true legend of the Ukrainian and Soviet automotive industry. During its existence (since 1967), it received from the people, probably, more nicknames than any other domestic machine, for example, “lappet”, “bast shoe” and even “moon rover”. There are legends about the traction power and ubiquitous cross-country ability of this truck. It is believed that this car can pull seven wagons loaded with coal straight along the sleepers.
KrAZ-255 - Ukrainian hero. Photo source: avtomobili-rnd.ru
Another interesting fact is that some KrAZ-255 models can be refueled not only with gasoline, but also with kerosene. Partly because of this, it was used as a tractor on airfields. However, being a driver on this truck is a real torment (which is only the lack of power steering!). No wonder another of his nicknames is "cannibal".
KrAZ-255 - Ukrainian hero. Photo source: truck-auto.info
KamAZ - the king of Soviet trucks
In principle, the KamAZ brand itself can be called the “main Soviet truck” as such! After all, since the mid-seventies, it was these vehicles that took over a significant part of civilian cargo transportation in the country. And the first model produced by the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny in 1976 was the KamAZ-5320.
KamAZ is the king of Soviet trucks. Photo source: leagueofchaos.ru
KamAZ-5320 did not have a berth in the cab, which later became a branded element of this brand, but was a reliable and powerful truck. In subsequent models, such a constructive addition appeared, which turned the truck not just into a car, but into a real motor home.
KamAZ is the king of Soviet trucks. Photo source: rb03.ru
Trucks Soviet period and today you can meet on the roads Russian Federation. Such vehicles have whole line positive characteristics and are the pride of a great power.
The first Soviet truck was created back in 1896, but in those days, until the First World War, the domestic auto industry was not in demand. Only closer to 1916 Soviet government decided that the whole country was in dire need of freight transport. At that moment, considerable funds were allocated for the construction of 6 factories. Unfortunately, only AMO in Moscow was completed before the revolution. It was such a factory that began to produce the first mass-produced Soviet cargo-type vehicles.
As soon as the machine kits imported before the revolution ran out, production stopped. Only in the 23rd year of the last century, the Russian auto industry resumed again. The Italians went towards the Great Soviet Power, European state provided technical documentation for a Fiat car, model 15. Having slightly corrected the foreign copy, a truck appeared on the territory of Russia - AMO-F-15. The length of such a car was 5050 mm, and the height reached 2250 mm. The engine was a 4-cylinder carbureted engine F-15. In such a motor, the valves were at the bottom, and the cylinders were located vertically. The speed of such a truck could reach 50 km. per hour is, of course, the maximum figure. Average figure speed limit along the gravel highway was 30 km. Such an engine was started using a special handle. The ignition spark was produced thanks to the magneto, and the battery was then needed only to power the headlights. Such a battery was not even enough for full-fledged work signal, so a manual horn was used everywhere. The motor was cooled by air, a flywheel with specially attached blades created a cold air flow.
The wheelbase of a car called AMO-F-15 was quite interesting. The size of such a part of the car was equal to - 880 X 185 mm. Semi-elliptical springs were located longitudinally and made up the front and rear dependent suspensions the entire vehicle. The truck was characterized high level patency. The front wheels were single-sided, and the rear wheels were double-sided for remote pressure on the ground and high-quality traction.
The assembly of the very first such car was completed on November 1, 1924, and after 5 days ten such vehicles were defiantly presented on Red Square. The government decided to arrange a test drive for such trucks, the route had a clear direction from Moscow to Leningrad, then Smolensk and Moscow. The path was completed without breakdowns in just 62 and a half hours.
Unfortunately, only 2 have survived to this day. legendary car AMO-F-15. One on this moment is located in the Polytechnic Museum, and the second one is on the territory of ZIL.
GAZ-AA
GAZ-AA was produced from 1932 to 1950. Such a unit was called a "one and a half" because of the peculiarities of the weight (the car weighs 1500 kg). This model of the Soviet truck is considered the most massive; in the history of the Union, about 1000 of them were produced. It was GAZ-AA workhorse throughout the Red Army during World War II.
Such a three-ton car was also a legendary participant in the global war of the 40s. He was affectionately nicknamed "Zakhar Ivanovich". Serial production of such a unit began in the 33rd year of the last century. The military version was simplified as much as possible. Then it was the quantity of technology that mattered, not its quality.
GAZ-51 is an ideal transport for Virgin Lands. Such a unit began to be produced in the 40th year. Unfortunately, the military situation in the country prevented serial production such a truck. Large-scale car building unfolded after 46 years. GAZ-51 was used for the development of virgin lands.
Such cargo unit is a successful clone of the American representative from the world of cargo transportation. Of course, it’s not worth talking about complete similarity; these two vehicles were united only by identical cabs. The technical equipment of the ZiS-150 is clean water domestic development. Initially, the car body was made of wood in places. This technique was produced from 1947 to 1957.
The ZIL-130 truck in the past acted not only for the transport of goods, but was also produced in the form snow blower, a tractor and even a dump truck. Good design and affordable price allowed to change the purpose of the transport unit. It was easy to operate such a car for decades, although what can I say if there are instances that still work today.
This machine is specially designed for extreme conditions. This is the first Soviet SUV. In this model, all 4 wheels are driving. Therefore, driving through the mud does not make it difficult to move the truck at all. This is the best military apparatus of the last century.
The Ural-375 truck had three drive axles. Such vehicle widely used for various purposes. Carrying capacity and endurance of the car were decent. But due to minor errors, the government already in 1982 began to replace the SUV new model Ural-4320. Ural-375 is good, but problems with braking system and not an economical engine played a fatal role. Of course, the car was produced for civilians until 1992, but it no longer took part in military events.
Traction power and cross-country ability of the KrAZ-255 are worthy of the highest praise. Such a unit is a kind of legend. Truck production was launched in 1967 and today such "assistants" are widely used in civilian enterprises and military units. You can even fill KrAZ-255 with kerosene. In part, such a machine was used as a tractor at airfields.
KAMAZ
Soviet trucks, or rather their leader - KamAZ. The first car was a model - KamAZ-5320. Initially, the version was simple and inexpensive. Every year the car was transformed and supplemented with new ones. technical specifications. And today such a truck can be safely called the "King" of Soviet cargo transportation.
