This is partly true, but knowing the design features of the automatic transmission and the principle of its operation, you initially extend the life of your gearbox. In this article, we would like to tell you about the basic mechanisms and principles of operation of an automatic transmission..
Content:
What is an automatic transmission?
The automatic transmission is an important structural element vehicle transmission, which serves to change the torque, direction, as well as the speed of movement of the vehicle. and for long-term separation of the engine from the transmission. There are stepless (CVT), stepped (Hydraulic) and combined gearboxes (Robotic).
It's no secret that the transmission has a major impact on the dynamics of the car. Manufacturers are constantly testing and implementing Newest technologies into our cars. Nevertheless, most motorists prefer to operate cars with a manual transmission, as they believe that the latter brings much less headaches. This is partly true, but knowing the design features of the automatic transmission and the principle of its operation, you initially extend the life of your gearbox. In this article, we would like to tell you about the basic mechanisms and principles of operation of an automatic transmission.
What better manual transmission or automatic transmission
As a rule, our domestic car enthusiast treats automatic transmissions with certain prejudices. Apparently the reason for this is our chronic unwillingness to shift our problem onto someone else's shoulders and an attempt to eliminate it on our own. For example, the Americans, and it was they who invented the automatic transmission, do not suffer from this. In America, mechanical gearboxes are not very popular, and only 5% of American motorists out of a hundred use mechanics. The popularity of automatic transmission in Europe is growing from year to year at a tremendous pace. Of course, there are also fans of the machine gun among our compatriots, but not everyone succeeds in operating them correctly. According to auto mechanics, it was the untimely tech. maintenance and improper operation is often the root cause of all automatic transmission failures.
How does automatic transmission work?
In order to understand the principle of operation of an automatic transmission, we will conditionally divide it into three parts: hydraulic, electronic and mechanical. As you might guess mechanical part is directly responsible for gear shifting. Hydraulic transmits torque and creates an effect on the mechanical. Electronic is the brain that is responsible for switching modes (selector) and feedback with vehicle systems.
As you know, the heart of the car is the engine, in the case of the gearbox, this is just as appropriate. The transmission must convert the power and torque of the engine in such a way as to provide the necessary conditions for the movement of the vehicle. Most of this hard work is done by the torque converter (aka "donut") and planetary gears.
torque converter depending on the speed of the wheels and the load, it changes the torque automatically and performs clutch functions (as in a manual gearbox). In turn, it consists of a pair of bladed machines - a centripetal turbine and a centrifugal pump, and also a guide vane-reactor is located between them.
The turbine and the pump are as close as possible, and their wheels are shaped to provide a continuous circle of circulation of working fluids. It is thanks to this that the torque converter has minimal dimensions and minimal energy losses during the flow of liquids from the pump to the turbine. The engine crankshaft is connected to the pump wheel, and the gearbox shaft is connected to the turbine. In view of this, the torque converter does not have a rigidconnections between the driven and leading elements, the flows of working fluids transfer energy from the engine to the transmission, which is thrown from the pump blades onto the turbine blades.
How automatic transmission works video:
Fluid coupling and torque converter
As a matter of fact, the fluid coupling works according to the same scheme, without transforming its value, it transmits torque. The reactor is introduced into the design of the torque converter in order to change the moment. In principle, this is the same wheel with blades, only it is rigidly planted on the body and does not rotate until a certain time. A reactor is located on the path along which oil returns from the turbine to the pump. The reactor blades have a special profile; the interblade channels gradually narrow. Due to this, the speed of the working fluids flowing through the channels of the guide apparatus gradually increases, and the liquid ejected in the direction of rotation of the pump wheel from the reactor drives and pushes it.
What is the automatic transmission made of?
1. torque converter- similar to a clutch in a mechanical box, but does not require direct control by the driver.
2. planetary gear- similar to a gear block in a mechanical box and changes the relative ratio in the machine when shifting gears.
3. Brake Band, Rear Clutch, Front Clutch- they are used for direct gear shifting.
4. Control device- this is a whole assembly consisting of a gear pump, a valve box and an oil sump. The valve plate (valve body) is a system of channels with valves (solenoids) and plungers that perform control and management functions; it also converts the engine load, the degree of pressing the accelerator and the speed of movement into hydraulic signals. On the basis of such signals, due to the sequential inclusion and exit from the operating state of the friction blocks, the gear ratios are automatically changed.
torque converter planetary gear
Differences in the device of automatic transmission of rear-wheel drive and front-wheel drive cars
There are also a few differences in device and layout. automatic transmissions rear wheel drive and front wheel drive vehicles. For front-wheel drive vehicles, the automatic transmission is more compact and has a main gear compartment inside the case, i.e. a differential. Otherwise, the functions and principles of operation of all automatic transmissions are the same. To ensure movement and perform all functions, the automatic transmission is equipped with such components as: a torque converter, a command and control unit, a gearbox and a drive mode selection mechanism.
rear wheel drive car front wheel drive car
2222 ViewsThe automatic transmission of a modern car has a rather complicated device. This is due to the ever-increasing engine power, and, therefore, higher requirements for various components of the transmission. One of the most important components of the "machine" is its control unit, or automatic transmission valve body. Today we will talk about the principle of operation of this integral component and find out why it is so important for the proper operation of the car?
Purpose
A manual transmission, unlike an automatic transmission, is somewhat simpler. This is due to the fact that it lacks a large number of functional elements, electronics and mechanics, which ensures the correct operation of the artificial intelligence of the transmission.
So, one of the main features of the automatic transmission is the absence of the need to independently shift gears and the implementation of the most effective interaction between the engine and the drive axle. Robotic transmissions use for this a system of electric drives that activate the clutch mechanism in a timely manner and connect the drive and driven shafts properly.
In the automatic box, everything is arranged somewhat differently.
The main difference in the principles of operation, compared with a robot, is that here the bulk of the tasks are not performed by electronics. The lion's share of the tasks here is carried out hydraulic system, which allows the shafts connecting the wheels and the engine to interact effectively and change their position relative to each other in a timely manner.
The hydraulic fluid in the speed change control device is ATP, which has the official name. This oil has enough high viscosity, and therefore, with little effort, it reaches high pressure and is capable of transferring mechanical energy from one element to another.
In the "machine" it is necessary not only to uniformly distribute the oil during various modes work. It is necessary that in each separate mode hydraulic fluid acted in only one specific direction in order to translate the friction clutches into the required position.
It is for these purposes that the hydraulic block serves. Its task is to distribute ATP properly. Moreover, the direction of oil movement will change depending on the number of engine revolutions, the selected speed and mode.
Principle of operation
Those who have never encountered the need to study the “machine” at a sufficiently detailed level mistakenly believe that the valve body consists of a large number functional elements. In fact, this element has the simplest and most primitive device relative to other transmission units, but its design is extremely accurate in order to avoid breakdowns and sudden wear of the functional unit.
As mentioned above, the main task of the valve body installed on the "machine" is the distribution transmission oil properly and in the right direction.
This oil must be supplied to the inlet of the valve body at high pressure so that the shafts can interact with each other and move synchronously.
The function of the oil supercharger is performed by a special high-pressure pump, which is capable of creating in its housing a value reaching several atmospheres. As the engine speed increases, the pump starts to work more intensively, and, consequently, a higher pressure is created.
The task of the valve body is to quickly take over the oil jet from the pump and redirect it to the clutches, which must be opened to switch to a higher or lower gear.
This is achieved due to the specific structure of the control element, which at the same time is quite complex. Thus, the valve body is made of a special hardened alloy, which is forced to withstand high loads both in temperature and pressure during operation. In this regard, the walls of the body of the valve body are made of a sheet of metal of great thickness.
Inside the valve body of the "machine" has a large number of channels, resembling a labyrinth. Despite the fact that outwardly this system seems archaic, in reality it is not. It is designed so that when the pump pressurizes, the oil is distributed properly. The direction of oil flow is determined by the position on the this moment there are frictions. This is facilitated by the ECU, which electronically analyzes all current indicators.
Classic mechanics is still held in high esteem by many drivers. It is more reliable than automatic transmission. But during operation, the driver is constantly forced to work with the clutch pedal. This causes some inconvenience, especially in a traffic jam. This is how hydro was born. mechanical box gears. The principle of its operation and the device will be considered in our today's article.
Characteristic
Those drivers who do not want to work with the clutch prefer this particular transmission. Hydromechanical performs several functions at once. It combines a clutch and a classic box.
Here it is done automatically or semi-automatically. The hydromechanical gearbox of the loader is arranged in the same way. While driving, the driver does not engage the clutch pedal. All you need is an accelerator and a brake.
About design
The device of a hydromechanical gearbox assumes the presence of a hydraulic transformer. This element, depending on design features, can be two-, three- and multi-shaft. Now manufacturers use a planetary automatic hydromechanical gearbox.
How a shaft gearbox works
Trucks and large buses most often use a multi-shaft transmission. In order to change gear, multi-plate clutches are used here. They need lubrication to work. The oil of a hydromechanical gearbox differs significantly in consistency from the "mechanics". In the latter case, it is thicker. To enable the first and reverse speed on hydromechanics, are used gear couplings. This design allows the smoothest possible transmission of torque from the flywheel to the wheels.
planetary
It is now the more common hydromechanical transmission.
It began to be used thanks to its compact size and light weight. Another advantage of the planetary transmission is a long service life and no noise during operation. But such a box also has disadvantages. Due to the design features, such a transmission is more expensive to manufacture. It also has a low efficiency.
How the planetary gearbox works
Its algorithm of work is extremely simple. Switching speeds on a planetary hydromechanical transmission is carried out using. Also, to smooth out shocks when switching to a lower one, a special brake band is used. It is during the operation of the "brake" that the force of torque transmission is reduced. But at the same time, the gear shifting is smoother than that of the shaft counterparts.
The planetary transmission is based on a hydraulic transformer. This element is located between the engine and gearbox. GDF consists of several components:
- Gear wheel.
- Pump.
- Turbine.
In the people, this element is called a "donut" because of its characteristic shape.
When the engine is running, the pump impeller rotates with the flywheel. inside the pump and further under the influence centrifugal force starts to rotate the turbine. Oil from the last element penetrates into the reactor, which performs the function of smoothing shocks and shocks, and also transmits torque. Oil circulation is carried out in a closed circle. Vehicle power increases as it rotates turbine wheel. The maximum torque is transmitted when the machine is moving from a standstill. In this case, the reactor is in a stationary state - it is held by the clutch. As the vehicle picks up speed, both the turbine and pump speed increase. The clutch is wedged and the reactor rotates at increasing speed. When the speed of the last element is maximum, the torque converter will go into the clutch operation state. So it will rotate at the same speed as the flywheel.
Features of the design of the planetary gearbox
The planetary hydromechanical gearbox consists of a drive shaft on which an articulated gear is located. There are also satellites that rotate on separate axes. These elements are engaged with the internal teeth of the box and the ring gear. The transmission of torque is due to the action It brakes the ring gear. As the car accelerates, their speed increases. The driven shaft is activated, which perceives the transmission of torque from the master.
How does GTP set the right gear ratio? This action is performed automatically. When the speed of rotation of the car wheel increases, the oil pressure increases, which goes from the pump to the turbine. Thus, the torque at the latter increases. Accordingly, the wheel speed and the speed of the car also increase.
About efficiency
As for the efficiency, it is an order of magnitude lower than on shaft gearboxes.
Its maximum value is from 0.82 to 0.95. But at medium engine speeds, this coefficient does not exceed 0.75. This figure increases with increasing load on the torque converter.
Maintenance and repair of hydromechanical transmission
When operating this transmission, it is necessary to monitor the oil level. This liquid here is working. It is the oil that uses the turbines to transmit torque. On mechanical transmissions, it simply lubricates the rubbing gears. Manufacturers recommend changing the oil on hydromechanical boxes every 60 thousand kilometers. It is worth noting that the design of such a gearbox has its own filter. It also changes when this period is reached. Operation at a low oil level threatens to slip and overheat the transmission.
As for repairs, most often the hydraulic transformer fails. A symptom of a malfunction is the inability to turn on one of the gears, an increased time for “acting” the desired speed. Also in this case, the oil intake mesh is disassembled and cleaned and the spool-type valve is changed. If there are leaks, it is necessary to check the tightening torque of the bolts and the condition of the sealing elements. During operation, metal chips form on the filter. It clogs the mechanism and the oil pressure level drops. At increased loads, the resource of this cleaning element decreases. In this case, it is recommended to change it every 40 thousand kilometers.
How to extend the resource
To increase the life of the hydromechanical box, it is necessary to monitor the oil level. When it not enough box overheats. Working temperature should not exceed 90 degrees. Modern cars equipped with an oil pressure sensor. Its lit up control lamp, should not be ignored. In the future, this can provoke a breakdown of the torque converter.
Also, do not shift gears without depressing the brake pedal. The box will take all the impact, especially if you switch from first to rear without first braking. On the go, if it is a long descent, it is not recommended to turn on the "neutral". This also significantly reduces the resource of the hydraulic transformer and working couplings. For the rest, it is necessary to adhere to the regulations for changing the oil and filters. The service life of this checkpoint is about 350 thousand kilometers.
Conclusion
So, we found out what a hydromechanical gearbox is. As you can see, with proper maintenance, it will be as reliable as a mechanical one. In this case, the driver does not have to constantly squeeze the clutch.
The automatic transmission valve body or hydraulic valve plate is the gearbox control organ and the most complex mechanism in it, a bit reminiscent of the human brain with its convolutions. It is a metal plate with milled channels into which control valves, sets of sensors and solenoids responsible for the operation of the box are installed. The valve block controls the clutch and torque converter lock-up, taking over the role of the clutch pedal and shift lever.
According to a certain program located in the control unit, it switches, aligning the speed of rotation of the gears and including next gear. The automatic transmission takes much less time to perform these actions than a person. The computer builds the gearbox control in such a way as to adapt as much as possible to the nature of the car owner's driving and provide the necessary smoothness and fuel economy, while squeezing the required power out of the engine.
The valve body of modern automatic transmissions consists of the plate itself and the electronic control unit. The plate itself is the body and blood vessels of the automatic transmission, the control unit is the brain.
Depending on the manufacturer and automatic transmission model, valve bodies have a very different resource. It is not eternal and the part will break. Do-it-yourself repair is not possible. Repair of an automatic transmission valve body is not uncommon and it is well mastered by repair service specialists, it is much better to give your car away.
Typical malfunctions of the valve body on the example of different automatic transmissions
Automatic transmission 09G was developed Japanese concern Aisin. Volkswagen engineers took part in the development and adaptation, who in the Aisin team customized the 09G with their own hands to various engines. Automatic transmission 09G was installed on the Volkswagen Passat B5 and B6, Golf, Jetta, Tuareg, Audi A3 and other cars with engines up to 3.5 liters.
The box itself was not so reliable. On Volkswagen Passat B5, B6 and Taureg cars, this transmission often runs only 50,000-60,000 kilometers before the first serious breakdown. On the 09G automatic transmission, heat transfer is poor and the 09G valve body quickly fails due to overheating.
Owners of the Volkswagen Passat B5, B6 and Tuareg often violate the obvious rules of operation and overheat the automatic transmission, naively relying on the novelty of the car and German quality.
Because of this, the Passat B5, B6 and Tuareg may experience incorrect automatic transmission operation: shift delays, kicks and jerks. On some Passat B5, B6 and Tuareg cars, shifting can be accompanied by noticeable wheel slip even at a decent speed.
Slippage and emergency modes of automatic transmission on the Passat b6 and Tuareg can also be associated with incorrect operation of sensors and electrics. Often entire wiring harnesses fail in this transmission. At bad contact valve body with some automatic transmission sensors on the Passat B6 and Tuareg, a frightening behavior of the box can be observed, which, fortunately, does not require replacing the gearbox mechanisms.
In case of trouble with the Passat b6 and Tuareg box, you should start with an oil change, which you can do yourself. At the time of diagnostic procedures, when the first signs of a breakdown appear on the car, it is better not to drive, but immediately take it to the service. If there are no options and the machine is needed for some time, then switching to manual shifting mode may be a temporary solution.
If instead of oil in the box there is black sludge that has not changed for 120,000 kilometers, the Passat and Tuareg boxes simply will not work normally. If the matter is not in the oil, then everything, of course, is sadder. If the oil has been changed recently, then it should not be changed. For Tuareg and Passat, this procedure is not cheap at all.
Prices for the repair of the Passat and Tuareg valve body start from 35,000-50,000 rubles. Replacing an old one with a new one will cost about twice as much. It is possible to determine the cause of the malfunction only in the service, complex diagnostics may be required, for example, at the stand Valve Body Hydro Test.
You can extend the life of the box on the Passat and Tuareg as follows:
- Monitor the condition of the oil and change it in a timely manner;
- Always ride only on a warm box;
- In traffic jams, switch to manual mode to second gear. That will save the box from endless gear changes and dangerous overheating.
BTR boxes
The Ssang Yong Aktion Sport was equipped with a 4BTR M74LE box, developed in 1988. The Ssang Yong Aktion Sport box is notorious for the fact that it can begin to show the first signs of wear and incorrect operation on a run of only 12,000-30,000 kilometers. Many Ssang Yong Aktion Sport owners are forced to undergo long diagnostics and frequent repairs from official dealers, which often take 1.5–4 months. Not the best gift for people buying new SsangYong Aktion Sport.
Sang Yong Action with box 4BTR M74LE
Aktion Sport has a very “fun” automatic transmission. Often neither official dealers, neither the most professional specialists can figure out the defect and the reason for the strange behavior of the box. The scourge of Aktion Sport is usually strange, but very noticeable vibrations that occur at any speed, and accidental operation of the automatic transmission emergency mode. Quantity possible troubles appearing in the Aktion box can be described for a long time. Here are a few examples of Aktion malfunctions: when worn, the torque converter gasket clogs the valve body with its remnants, old filters are equipped with bad magnets that simply do not catch metal dirt that clogs and breaks everything that is possible in the automatic transmission, when slipping, the box often switches to emergency mode due to the initially incorrect operation of the speed sensors. In general, Aktion with a gun is better not to take.
6T box family
A six-speed automatic transmission 6T- was installed on Chevrolet Cruze, Aveo and Epik cars. This gearbox is of a modular type and it is maximally unified with its entire family. Therefore, spare parts for the repair of the Chevrolet Cruze gearbox are always full. Typical problem valve body Chevrolet Cruze is a failure of the internal electronics due to obsolescence.
The entire solenoid block on the Chevrolet Cruze has to be changed, in order to soften the switching, it always works as a team, however, it serves a lot, and this gearbox design saves the torque converter for a long time. When bushings and rings are worn on a Chevrolet Cruze due to oil starvation these solenoids will wear out very quickly.
Worn or clogged valves lead to jolts when shifting gears, or even to the failure of the box to work with one or more of them.
At high temperatures operation of the Chevrolet Cruze gearbox and if the oil is old, the Hall sensors may not work correctly. Which leads to incorrect operation and shifting of 4-6 gears on a Chevrolet Cruze. This is usually indicated by the twitching of the Chevrolet Cruze while driving. Like all modern machines, The Chevrolet Cruze gearbox is very sensitive to overheating and running on dirty and old oil.
Four-speed automatic transmissions u241e from the manufacturer Toyota were installed on the most popular and reliable front and all-wheel drive models, such as Camry, Avensis, Celica, etc. The u241e gearbox is a very reliable transmission and it is still installed on cars.
Compared with younger brother u240, u241e it has been slightly strengthened for more powerful motors which made it even more reliable. Although the concept of "reliable" should be used for u241e only in the light of modern realities. In terms of the number of requests due to failure, this gearbox is only slightly inferior to the DP0 and ZF 5HP19. Although in defense of Toyota cars it is worth saying that cars with this gearbox go much more and break down more likely because of the unwillingness to part with a reliable car for too long. Childhood illness u241e is poor wiring of contacts inside the valve body, due to which pressure jumps and packages burn. Fortunately, such a malfunction for the u241e is easily fixed without removing the box. Basically, trouble occurs on old Toyota Rav 4 equipped with u241e.
Toyota Rav 4 equipped with u241e
Unfortunately, with the introduction in early 2000 of worldwide controlled wear and tear in the production of cars and their parts, and laws that make the use of old cars unprofitable, the quality of cars and automatic transmissions has dropped terribly. Manufacturers simply stopped making their cars reliable.
Cars must now serve no more than three years and then the motorist must buy a new one (in a number of countries, for example, in Japan, this is prescribed at the legislative level). For the sake of comparison: automatic transmission 31TN, produced from 1981 to 2001 (part of the design has been preserved from its predecessor from 72–78) for american cars with powerful multi-liter engines, it still serves easily, it is easily repaired and 10–20 times cheaper than boxes on new cars with the first problems. The mileage of such boxes can exceed 1 million kilometers before the first overhaul. But unfortunately they don't do that anymore. Modern automatic transmissions require very careful handling and do not like violations of the operating instructions.
Nowadays, a large number of motorists use automatic (automatic transmission) and every year there are more and more of them. Automatic transmission not only reduces the burden on the driver when driving a car compared to a manual transmission () during a trip, but also helps the driver reduce fuel consumption by shifting gears to optimal speed engine depending on the selected driving mode.
Automatic transmission was invented in America, from where it became widespread. Currently in the US, and many European countries The popularity of manual transmissions is not very high; they are used by about 5% of drivers. However, the demand for cars with automatic transmission in Russia is constantly growing and today they are equipped with automatic transmission.
All automatic transmissions can be divided into several main types:
- Variators;
- Hydraulic automatic transmissions;
Hydraulic automatic transmission
The automatic transmission, based on the operation of a torque converter, has been seriously modified at the request of the Europeans and at the moment has received several operating modes (winter, sports, economical) corresponding to each.
also in classic slot machines the number of transmissions also increases. In the 90s there were only 4-speed automatics, but now they can be 8-speed.
Components of the automatic box:
- torque converter;
- Manual Transmission;
- pump working fluid;
- cooling and control system;
- brake band;
- planetary gear set (planetary gearbox)
The main units of automatic transmission are: torque converter and mechanical planetary box gears.
The torque converter changes and transmits torque from the engine to the manual transmission. Located between the engine and gearbox. The torque converter contains two bladed machines: a centripetal turbine, centrifugal pump. Among other things, the torque converter contains a reactor wheel, a clutch freewheel(overrunning clutch), blocking clutch. The impeller provides connection to crankshaft engine, and the turbine wheel - with a manual transmission. A fixed reactor wheel is fixed between these two wheels. All torque converter wheels have vanes of a certain shape with channels that provide the passage of the working fluid, because the work of the torque converter is based on the continuous circulation of the working fluid, which transfers energy from the engine to the transmission. The fluid flow from the pump wheel is transferred to the turbine wheel, then to the reactor wheel. Due to the fact that the reactor blades have a peculiar structure, the fluid flow increases, increasing the speed of the pump wheel. Fluid flow changes direction after alignment angular velocities pump and turbine wheels. The overrunning clutch is activated and the reactor wheel begins to rotate. The torque converter begins to transmit only torque.
The lock-up clutch is designed to lock the torque converter, and the freewheel (overrunning clutch) provides rotation in the opposite direction of the reactor wheel.
The design of the manual transmission is much simpler, allowing you to step change the torque and move in reverse. Often consists of two planetary gearboxes connected in series, modern automatic gearboxes can be performed as six-speed or eight-speed. The advantage of the automatic gearbox is that the planetary gearboxes used in them are more compact and have coaxial operation.
Electronic control system
The electronic control system processes the signals from various sensors and, having processed them, sends control signals to the distribution module.
planetary gear
The main advantage of the planetary gear is its compactness, the use of one central shaft. The planetary gear allows you to switch speeds without jerks, shocks and loss of power. The transmission automatically shifts gears, for this the driver only needs to manipulate the gas pedal, pressing or releasing it.
The constituent elements of the planetary gear set:
- sun gear;
- satellite;
- ring gear;
- drove
The rotation is transmitted under the condition that one or two elements of the planetary gear are blocked. Friction clutches and the brakes block these elements. To hold certain elements, a brake is used, and in order to block the elements among themselves, the clutch is activated, ensuring the transmission of torque. Hydraulic cylinders, controlled by a distribution module, actuate the brakes and clutches.
CVT automatic transmission
Variator - stepless automatic transmission gears in which the gears do not have a fixed gear ratio.
If we compare the variator with other automatic transmissions, then its advantage lies in the efficient use of engine power, because the speed crankshaft optimally coordinated with the load on your car, thanks to this, quite high fuel economy is ensured. Also, when driving a car with a CVT automatic transmission, high level comfort, due to the continuous change in torque, and also due to the absence of jerks.
CVT device
The general arrangement of a CVT automatic transmission:
- sliding pulleys;
- differential;
- V-belt;
- torque converter;
- planetary gear reverse gear;
- hydraulic pump;
- electrical control box
Sliding pulleys look like two wedge-shaped "cheeks" located on the same shaft. The hydraulic cylinder, which compresses the discs depending on the speed, drives them.
The torque converter has the same functions as in classic automatic transmission, i.e. transmits and changes torque.
The device that distributes torque to the drive wheels is called a differential.
The planetary reverse gear mechanism makes it rotate secondary shaft in the opposite direction.
In order to pressurize the working fluid, the torque converter starts the hydraulic pump.
The control unit is used to control the actuators of the variator, it depends on the signals supplied from the sensors (crankshaft location, fuel consumption control, ABS, ESP, etc.).
At the moment, the variator cannot be combined with powerful engines, and therefore the variator cannot become a competitor for the classic machine.
Robotic mechanics - a manual gearbox in which there is no clutch pedal, and its functions are performed by the electronic unit.
The robotic transmission combines the comfort of an automatic transmission with the reliability and fuel efficiency of a manual transmission. In most cases, the "robot" is cheaper than the classic automatic transmission. Currently, all leading automakers are trying to equip cars with robotic gearboxes. However, it is worth noting that the so-called "robots" fail faster than other automatic transmissions.
Robotic automatic transmission device
General device robotic box gears:
- clutch;
- Manual Transmission;
- clutch and gear drive;
- control system
Friction type clutch, separate disc or friction disc pack is used. The progression lies in the presence of a dual clutch that ensures the transfer of torque without interrupting the flow of power. Robotic automatic transmission may have either an electric drive of the clutch and gears, or a hydraulic one. Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages, as well as how each works. Electric motor and mechanical transmission V electric drive are executive bodies. This drive is characterized by low gear shift speeds, about 0.3 to 0.5 seconds, its advantage lies in low power consumption. Gear shifting in hydraulic drive performed by hydraulic cylinders controlled solenoid valves, which use high energy costs and have more fast speed gear changes (0.05 - 0.06 seconds on some sports cars). The main disadvantage of a robotic gearbox is the rather long time it takes to shift one gear, which leads to jerks and dips in the dynamics of the car, and also reduces the comfort of driving. This problem was solved with the introduction of an automatic transmission with two clutches (preselective gearbox), gears can be switched without loss of power. Having double clutch, you can select the next gear when the gear is on, and in right moment time to turn it on without interrupting the operation of the box.
There are two operating modes: automatic and semi-automatic. IN automatic mode the electronic control unit implements a specific box control algorithm using executive mechanisms. Operation in semi-automatic mode allows sequential shifting from lower to higher gears (and vice versa), the selector lever and / or paddle shifters assist in gear shifting.
Video - automatic transmission
Conclusion!
At the moment, there are many different gearboxes in the world, differing in their pros and cons. Some are fuel-efficient, others are fast gear changes, and so on. Therefore, each driver will be able to choose for himself and his driving style a gearbox that meets all his criteria.
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In particular, special microscopic glass balls will appear in the markup, which will enhance the reflective effect of the paint. This was reported by TASS with reference to the Department of Housing and Public Utilities of Moscow. As explained in the GBU " Car roads”, already now the markup has begun to be updated on pedestrian crossings, stop lines, lines dividing oncoming traffic flows, as well as duplicating ...
Photo of the Day: Giant Duck Vs Drivers
The path to motorists on one of the local highways was blocked by ... a huge rubber duck! Photos of the duck instantly went viral on social networks, where they found a lot of fans. According to The Daily Mail, the giant rubber duck belonged to one of the local car dealers. Apparently, he demolished an inflatable figure on the road ...
In the traffic police of Moscow there was a stampede of those wishing to appeal the fine
This situation arose due to the large number of fines issued against drivers in automatic mode, and the short time to appeal receipts. Pyotr Shkumatov, coordinator of the Blue Buckets movement, spoke about this on his Facebook page. As Shkumatov explained in a conversation with an Auto Mail.Ru correspondent, the situation could arise due to the fact that the authorities continued to fine...
Choice affordable sedan:Zaz Change, Lada Granta And Renault Logan
Some 2-3 years ago it was considered a priori that available car must have a manual transmission. Their destiny was considered a five-speed mechanics. However, things have now changed drastically. First, they installed a machine gun on the Logan, a little later - on the Ukrainian Chance, and ...
Which car to choose a family man
A family car should be safe, roomy and comfortable. In addition, family cars should be easy to use. Varieties family cars As a rule, most people have the concept of " family car» is associated with the 6-7-seater model. Universal. This model has 5 doors and 3...
Most fast cars in the world 2018-2019 model year
fast cars are an example of the fact that automakers are constantly improving the systems of their cars and are periodically developing to create the perfect and fastest vehicle for movement. Many technologies that are being developed to create super speed car, later go into mass production ...
CHOOSE a car: "European" or "Japanese", Purchase and sale.
Choosing a car: "European" or "Japanese" new car, the motorist will undoubtedly face the question of what to prefer: the left hand drive of the "Japanese" or the right - legal - "European". ...
HOW to choose a car, Buying and selling.
How to choose a car Today the market offers customers huge selection machines, from which the eyes simply run up. Therefore, before buying a car, it is worth considering a lot important points. As a result, having decided what exactly you want, you can choose a car that will be ...
Let's look at the cutting-edge innovations of the Russian automotive market, to determine best car 2017. To do this, consider forty-nine models, which are distributed among thirteen classes. So we only offer best cars, so make a mistake to the buyer when choosing new car impossible. Best...
Reliability of cars by ratingWhat are reliability ratings for? Let's be honest with each other, almost every car enthusiast often thinks: the most reliable car- mine, and it does not give me much trouble with various breakdowns. However, this is just a subjective opinion of each car owner. When buying a car, we...
Today we will consider six crossovers: Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, Mazda CX-5, Mitsubishi Outlander, Suzuki Grand Vitara And Ford Kuga. To two very fresh new products, we decided to add the debuts of 2015 to make the test drive of 2017 crossovers more...
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