1.2. The following basic concepts and terms are used in the Rules:
"Road train" - a mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer (trailers).
"Trailer" - a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended for movement in combination with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and drop trailers.
"Vehicle" means a device designed for the carriage by road of people, goods or equipment installed on it.
“Power-driven vehicle” means a vehicle powered by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.
trailer documents
2.1. Mechanical driver vehicle must:
2.1.1. Have with you and, at the request of the police officers, hand them over for verification:
- driver's license or temporary permit for the right to drive a vehicle of the corresponding category;
- registration documents for this vehicle (except for mopeds), and if there is a trailer, for the trailer (except for trailers for mopeds);
- insurance policy compulsory insurance civil liability of the owner of the vehicle in cases where the obligation to insure its civil liability is established by federal law. (for cases when OSAGO for a trailer is required, read our article “Insurance for a trailer” - Buy a trailer)
Permitted speed with trailer
10.3. outside settlements movement is allowed:
other buses, passenger cars when towing a trailer, trucks with a maximum permissible weight of more than 3.5 tons on motorways - no more than 90 km/h, on other roads - no more than 70 km/h;
Trailer lights and reflectors
19.1. IN dark time days and under conditions insufficient visibility regardless of road lighting, as well as in tunnels on a moving vehicle, the following must be switched on: lighting fixtures:
on all motor vehicles and mopeds, headlamps or dipped beam; on bicycles, headlamps or lanterns; on horse-drawn carts- lights (if any);
on trailers and towed motor vehicles - clearance lights.
Rules for the carriage of goods on a trailer
23. Transportation of goods
23.1. The mass of the transported cargo and the distribution of the load along the axles must not exceed the values established by the manufacturer for this vehicle.
23.2. Before starting and during the movement, the driver is obliged to control the placement, fastening and condition of the load in order to avoid its falling, interfering with the movement.
23.3. Carriage of cargo is allowed provided that it:
- does not restrict the driver's view;
- does not complicate control and does not violate the stability of the vehicle;
- does not cover external lighting devices and retroreflectors, registration and identification marks, and also does not interfere with the perception of hand signals;
- does not create noise, does not produce dust, does not pollute the road and the environment.
If the condition and placement of the cargo do not meet the specified requirements, the driver is obliged to take measures to eliminate violations of the listed transportation rules or stop further movement.
23.4. Cargo protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind by more than 1 m or laterally by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge side light, should be marked with identification marks " Oversized cargo”, and in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility, in addition, in front - with a flashlight or retroreflector white color, behind - a flashlight or a red reflector.
23.5. Transportation of heavy and dangerous goods, vehicle movement, overall parameters which, with or without cargo, exceeds 2.55 m in width (2.6 m for refrigerators and insulated bodies), 4 m in height from the surface of the carriageway, 20 m in length (including one trailer), or the movement of a vehicle with cargo protruding beyond the back point of the vehicle's dimensions by more than 2 m, as well as the movement of road trains with two or more trailers is carried out in accordance with special rules.
Fine: Article of the Code of Administrative Offenses 12.21. "Violation of the rules for the carriage of goods, the rules for towing
1. Violation of the rules for the carriage of goods, as well as the rules for towing - entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.
List of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited
3.1. The number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external lighting devices do not meet the requirements of the vehicle design.
5.1. Tires cars have a residual tread depth of less than 1.6 mm, trucks- 1 mm, buses - 2 mm, motorcycles and mopeds - 0.8 mm. For trailers, standards are set residual height tire tread pattern, similar to the norms for tires of vehicles - tractors.
5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, ruptures), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, delamination of the tread and sidewall.
5.3. There is no mounting bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes.
5.4. Tires by size or permissible load do not match the vehicle model.
Information about changes:
5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and retreaded, new and with a deep tread pattern are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.
7.5. There are no rear protective device, mudguards and mudguards.
7.6. The traction and coupling and fifth wheel coupling devices of the tractor and the trailer link are faulty, as well as the ones provided for by their design are missing or faulty. safety ropes(chains). There are backlashes in the connections of the motorcycle frame with the frame of the side trailer.
7.18. Changes have been made to the design of the vehicle without the permission of the State Safety Inspectorate traffic Ministry of the Interior Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Fine: Article of the Code of Administrative Offenses 12.5. «
Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a vehicle on which the identification mark "Disabled" is illegally installed
1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and Responsibilities officials to ensure road safety, the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2-7 of this article - entails warning or imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.
2. Driving a vehicle with known faulty braking system(with the exception of parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train) - entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles».
Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated March 2, 2009 N 185 (as amended on December 22, 2014) “On approval administrative regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the execution of the state function of control and supervision over compliance by road users with requirements in the field of ensuring road safety”:
"145. If a vehicle is detected that is operated in the presence of a malfunction or a condition included in the List of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited<1>, or a malfunction provided for by the rules technical operation(for trolleybuses and trams), with the exception of those specified in parts 2 - 6 of Article 12.5 of the Code, by an employee when initiating a case on administrative offense provided for by part 1 of Article 12.5 of the Code, the driver is asked to stop driving until the corresponding malfunctions or conditions are eliminated taking into account at the same time that the imposition of an administrative penalty does not relieve the driver from the performance of the obligation, for the failure to fulfill which the administrative penalty was imposed. At the same time, the parking of the vehicle should not pose a threat to road safety.
«
146. The grounds for the detention of a vehicle are:
... part 2 of article 12.5 (driving a vehicle with a knowingly faulty brake system (except for the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train)), part 1 of article 12.7 (driving a vehicle by a driver who does not have the right to drive a vehicle means (with the exception of training ride))
»
04.06.2018 04.06.2018
Failure to properly hitch a trailer to your vehicle can result in serious damage to your vehicle and trailer. It also increases the risk of an accident, endangering other vehicles around you if you lose your trailer while driving. Connecting a trailer is not a complicated and straightforward process.
WHAT IS THE ARTICLE ABOUT?
Actions
1. Raise the ball connector or trailer tongue connector to the height of your vehicle's towbar
2. Align the center of your vehicle with the center of your trailer
- Use the socket attached to the tongue. Make sure you lift enough so that you have enough clearance so you don't hit the trailer.
3. Stop the car as soon as the tongue is over the towbar
- Fix it.
- Stop the engine.
- Put hand brake.
4. Lower tongue connector socket onto trailer hitch pivot
5. Close the connector clamp that secures the ball in the connector
6. Lock the trailer on the towbar with a lock
7. Pull the chains under the trailer tongue
So that they cross each other. This is to prevent the trailer tongue from falling off if the trailer is accidentally disengaged while driving.
8. Connect the electrical wires for the trailer signal lights
- Also, if available, connect the electric brake on the trailer to the vehicle.
9. You must make sure that the hitch ball and towbar are securely fastened
- Try jacking up the trailer tongue to make sure the connection is secure.
10. Remove the trailer from the stand and fix it securely so that it does not fall out when driving 
11. Drive your car a few meters
12. Stop the car, put it on the handbrake and turn on the dimensions of the car
13. Check and make sure the clearance and brake lights work on the trailer
- Checking the brake lights can be tricky if you don't have someone to apply the brakes while you're looking at the trailer lights. If you don't have anyone nearby, you can put a mirror behind the trailer to see if the signals are working from the car. Hit the brake. A red reflection means that the brake lights are working. Also don't forget to check your turn signals.
- The clamp on the trailer hitch can be very difficult to close. A small amount of lubricant will help close the lock with ease.
- Check the connection between the tow ball and the tow hitch. raise the drawbar of the trailer to make sure hitch does not jump.
Warnings
- When approaching a trailer in a vehicle, make sure there is no one between the vehicle and the trailer before hitching.
- Always check connections, tires and undercarriage before setting out on a trailer trip.
There are always little things that can make our life a little easier and more enjoyable. Little tricks that will be useful and help you get out of a difficult situation, or even not get into it at all.
During operation car trailer You can also resort to some tricks. Here are a few tricks that everyone forgets about for some reason.
To connect car trailer was easier, you can apply lubricant to tow ball. In such cases, lubrication for equal joints is perfect angular velocities. This lubricant contains molybdenum disulfide. If there is no such lubricant, then ordinary grease can help out.
It must be understood that the lubricant is not able to save 100% from wear. So how do you check how badly the mechanism is "erased"? Some light trailers equipped with a so-called scale, which shows how worn out the mechanism.
But of course, such a scale is not present on all trailers and, therefore, it is necessary to use the help of the instructions for the trailer. It should indicate the control size of the lock, which must be monitored and checked at some intervals. Lock size checks will alert you if the mechanism is worn.
What is the danger of wear of the fastening mechanism? Strong backlash or even spontaneous disengagement are the consequences of severe wear of the mechanism.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that some mechanisms provide an opportunity for adjustment. For such mechanisms, you can increase the tension of the “cracker” spring for better grip. trailer with car. Otherwise, when it is no longer possible to tighten the spring, spacers can be placed under it.
However, all locks eventually exhaust their resource and are replaced.
But as for the tow ball, you must understand that it cannot be replaced separately. You will have to change the entire towbar as a whole, which of course will lead to certain monetary costs. This can sometimes cause some inconvenience, but safety is of course more important.
When the trailer is idle in the garage or in the parking lot, close the towbar with a cap. A special cap in stores is rare, but it is easy to make one from an old rubber toy.
The cap, firstly, will protect the towbar from corrosion, and, secondly, it will protect you and your clothes from grease and will not allow you to get dirty when you get things out of the trunk.
There is no single way to connect safety chains. Therefore, it is better to inquire about how to attach safety chains even when buying. car trailer.
If it was not possible to find the necessary towbar, then you can always resort to welding. In the case when it is impossible to carry out such a modification, and the safety chains need to be used somehow, connect them with a bolt and nut, and put the resulting loop on the towbar ball.
Such a mount will, of course, not be as reliable as a stationary one, but still better than nothing and for the first time it is quite suitable.
16 questions about car trailers
1) What kind of license is needed to drive with a trailer?
According to the current this moment, legislation, rights with category “B” are sufficient if the permitted maximum weight towed trailer does not exceed 750 kg. Or if the maximum authorized mass of the trailer does not exceed the mass of an equipped vehicle belonging to category "B", and the maximum authorized mass of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 3,500 kg.
In the case when the trailer or the “car + trailer” composition does not fit into these frameworks, you will have to open an additional category “E” in the rights. On average in St. Petersburg, the cost of training will be 8,000-10,000 rubles, the training period is about one and a half months.
2) Can the trailer be used with any vehicle?
Yes, if its permitted maximum weight does not exceed the curb weight of a category B vehicle. As for the tow hitch - the towbar, technically it can be put on any car.
3) How should the car be retrofitted to use the trailer?
This, as already mentioned, is the installation of a towbar, as well as the removal of additional electrical wiring for lighting devices (dimensions, turn signals and brake lights) of the trailer.
4) What are the parameters for choosing a trailer for a car?
First of all, you need to answer the question: why do you need a trailer - to carry brick boards, a jet ski or a boat? Or maybe a mobile country house? Next, we carefully read the technical characteristics of the trailer and evaluate whether the future composition fits into category “B” or not.
It would be useful to familiarize yourself with the instructions for your car, where there is an item "maximum weight of a towed trailer equipped / not equipped with brakes." This information can be searched online or by calling dealer station. After that we make a choice.
5) What are the features of driving with a trailer?
In fact, a trailer, especially a loaded one, significantly reduces the acceleration dynamics of the car and increases braking distances. This must be taken into account when braking and overtaking.
It is necessary to brake smoothly - regardless of whether the trailer is empty or loaded. It is important to keep a distance from the car in front. Before turning, it is better to slow down in advance, and it is better to go through it yourself. Jerks when braking, especially when cornering, can cause a trailer or car to skid and “fold”.
On high speeds the trailer is subject to rocking from side to side. According to the traffic rules, maximum speed car with a trailer outside built-up areas on motorways should not exceed 90 km/h, on other roads - 70 km/h.
When driving with a trailer, changing lanes in traffic, maneuvering and parking in urban conditions are much more complicated. Movement is particularly difficult. in reverse. At the same time, a large trailer impairs rear visibility.
Yes, in salon mirror, for example, it becomes nothing but your own trailer-cottage, you can’t see anything. True, if necessary, you can install additional, so-called caravan, mirrors rear view. They are installed either on the hood of the car or on regular rear-view mirrors. With trailers with a large body area - such as a caravan trailer or a curtain-sided cargo trailer - care must be taken when driving in strong winds.
6) How to properly load a trailer?
The load should be placed evenly - so that its center of gravity is above the axle (if there is one) or between the axles of the trailer. Shifting the center of gravity forward will cause excessive load on the hitch and all back vehicle, reducing the grip of the steered wheels with the road.
Moving backwards will cause the rear of the vehicle to rise, which will reduce traction. rear wheels. At the same time, the center of gravity of the transported load should be as low as possible, since the higher it turns out, the more prone the trailer is to longitudinal and transverse buildup, which impairs handling.
7) Can the cargo protrude beyond the dimensions of the trailer?
According to ch. 23 of the SDA of the Russian Federation, the load should not protrude from the rear by more than 2 m, in width - be more than 2.55 m, and the height of the trailer with the load should be no more than 4 m from the surface of the roadway.
At the same time, cargo protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind by more than 1 m (or on the side by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the marker light) must be marked with identification signs "Oversized cargo", and at night and in conditions insufficient visibility, in addition, in front - with a white lamp or retroreflector, behind - with a red lamp or retroreflector.
8) What cannot be transported in a trailer?
First of all, whom: people. Including, and in the trailer-cottage. It is not allowed to transport explosive and flammable substances. These de jure include a canister of gasoline, and household gas bottle. However, de facto everyone carries them, and the traffic police inspectors do not find fault. But if there is a whole warehouse of fuel and lubricants in the trailer, the inspector can brake legally.
In addition, according to the prescription of clause 23.3. According to the traffic rules of the Russian Federation, the load must not restrict the view, interfere with driving, disturb the stability of the vehicle, cover external lighting devices and reflectors, registration and identification marks, and also not interfere with the perception of hand signals. Also, the cargo should not create noise, dust, pollute the road and the environment.
9) How does the trailer affect technical condition and machine resource?
Since a trailer is always extra weight, accordingly, this is an additional load on the car: first of all, on the engine and transmission, the wear of which, ceteris paribus, occurs faster.
However, much depends on the composition itself. For example, for big SUV with a five-liter engine that carries a light trailer with a jet ski and a C-class sedan that drags a bulky trailer, the “extra load” and wear acceleration will be different. In the first case, they are reduced to almost zero, and in the second they will become noticeable after two or three years of operation.
Approximate prices for trailers, rub.
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10) How much does the fuel consumption of a car increase?
On average, fuel consumption increases from 5 to 15% or even more. But here a lot depends, again, on the proportions of the “car power - trailer weight” composition. Driving conditions also contribute: mileage in the city and on country roads.
11) Do I need to put winter / summer tires on the trailer?
In Russia, it is not necessary. Moreover, most new trailers, especially domestic production, sold with us all season tires. But for those who are going on a trip to the EU countries, it is worth remembering the seasons: in the EU for trailers seasonal change rubber is required.
12) Is there anything in the design in case the trailer suddenly unhooks on the move?
There is a special emergency brake system for this. It is arranged quite simply: a safety cable clings to the towbar, which in normal mode weakened. In case of violation of the coupling with the car and the trailer is disconnected, the cable is pulled and actuates the drive brake mechanisms trailer wheels.
The wiring for the trailer contains signal lights in the passenger compartment that indicate the attachment / detachment of the trailer.
13) Is it necessary to register a trailer with the traffic police?
Necessarily. The trailer must be registered at the place of residence of the owner no later than five days after its purchase, deregistration or customs clearance. When selling through a retail distribution network or when customs clearance a vehicle passport (PTS) is issued for the trailer and a sales contract is drawn up.
The TCP contains information about the brand and model, as well as identification number(VIN), year of manufacture, gross weight, body and/or frame number. The contract of sale is a document confirming the right to own a trailer.
Upon registration, the owner is issued a certificate and a license plate.
14) Does the trailer need to be inspected?
Must. Trailers are subject to technical inspection once every two years if no more than five years have passed since the year of manufacture (including the year of manufacture), and once a year if more than five years have passed.
The month of presentation of the trailer for inspection is indicated in the coupon technical inspection. As a rule, it is set the same as that of the car with which the trailer is operated, or is selected in accordance with the last digit of the state registration plate.
15) Do I need to insure the trailer?
For trailers - just like for cars - OSAGO is required. The cost of the policy for the year is 711 rubles. In addition, the trailer can be insured under CASCO. Such a policy will cost, on average, 2% of the cost of the trailer for the risk of "damage" and 0.5% - for the risk of "theft".
16) Do I have to pay transport tax for a trailer?
No. Under the current legislation, trailers, as not related to self-propelled vehicles, transport tax are not taxed.
 Trailer- a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended for movement as part of a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and trailers-dissolutions (Chapter 1 of the SDA of the Russian Federation). By appointment trailers for passenger cars are distinguished as caravan trailers, cargo trailers, specialized trailers for transportation various equipment(ATVs, jet skis, snowmobiles, cars, loaders, mini-excavators, etc.) as well as for the transportation of boats and boats. By load capacity trailers for l / a differ in category. O1 - these are trailers, the maximum mass of which is not more than 0.75 tons; O2 - trailers, the maximum mass of which is over 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons. Basic structural elements trailer: frame, body, drawbar and suspension. The drawbar is an A-shaped (or I-shaped) horizontal arm mounted on the front side of the trailer frame. It contains a hitch assembly attached to the towbar of the car, safety cables, and for some trailers, a folding or wheeled stand. A trailer can have one or two or more axles. For l / a trailers, such types of suspensions are used as spring dependent, spring dependent, lever-spring independent, rubber-harness independent and torsion independent. Trailers for l / a can be equipped with a working brake system (hydraulic inertial type), as well as parking and emergency brakes. |
| What kind of trailer do you need? | ||
|
trailer, cottage" |
16,3% | |
|
cargo trailer |
18,4% | |
|
trailer for transportation of motorcycles |
4,1% | |
|
boat trailer |
4,1% | |
|
don't need any |
57,1% | |
Like any business, using car trailers hides some simple but useful little things which most people don't know about. And it is useful to remember them if you do not want unnecessary difficulties to arise during the operation of the trailer.
Firstly, if you need to connect a light trailer to a car, it will be useful to apply lubricant to the towbar of the latter. Most often, in this case, professionals use SHRUS grease (for constant velocity joints), since it contains molybdenum disulfide. If you don’t have molybdenum grease on hand, you can use a simpler grease, for example, Litol.
But even if the coupling ball is covered with a layer of paint, this is not able to completely prevent its wear, as well as the wear of the coupling devices of a light trailer. It is no coincidence that some models of car trailers have a specially applied scale, by which you can find out about the degree of wear of the mechanism. If such a scale is not applied, then you should study the instructions. It must necessarily indicate the control measurements of the lock, which should be checked regularly. In cases where the mechanism is badly worn, so that it cannot meet the requirements of the instructions, there is a high risk of strong play and even spontaneous disengagement. However, some locks provide for a similar danger. That is why they have the ability to adjust - you can put spacers under the "cracker" or simply increase the tension of its spring. But in any case, over time, such locks can completely exhaust their resource. So it's worth just replacing them to eliminate the possibility of various troubles. Alas, replacing the tow ball without the rest of the device is simply impossible. Therefore, when the ball wears out, you have to change the entire towbar. Of course, this is not very pleasant - you have to spend a certain amount. But on the other hand - your safety and your property in any case are worth the money spent.
Secondly, if you have a serious journey ahead of you that you do not take a trailer, it will be useful to cover already mounted towbar special cap. Of course, it is impossible to buy it in a store, but it is very easy to make it - you can use a tennis ball or a rubber toy. With this impromptu protection, several goals can be achieved. Firstly, the coupling ball will be reliably protected from corrosion. Secondly, when you remove things from the trunk, the possibility of contact with grease and contamination of clothes is excluded.
And finally, the third trick, affecting. These are safety chains. For some reason, today there is no single way to attach these chains to the towbar. So, when buying a trailer, it will be useful to know if they can be connected. If you already have a trailer, but it does not have such an opportunity, you can weld the necessary fasteners by welding. In cases where it is impossible to improve the factory towbar, but there is a need to use safety chains, it is easiest to connect them with a bolt and nut, and fix the resulting loop on the towbar ball. Of course, this cannot be compared in reliability with a stationary fixing, but still it is much better than nothing.
