How to set the ignition to top dead center. Setting the ignition timing - do it yourself! The principle of operation of the ignition

18.10.2019

A well-known advantage of VAZ carburetor engines is their high maintainability and ease of maintenance. At the same time, carburetor “sixes”, unlike injectors, require manual ignition from time to time. More on this later in the article.

The ignition system of cars of the VAZ family includes:

Generator.
Egnition lock.
Distributor.
Breaker cam.
Spark plug.
Ignition coil.
Accumulator battery.
Low and high voltage wires.

What does correctly set ignition mean, what does it affect

Properly set ignition is the key to proper operation of the engine and its correct start. Among other things, the ignition timing affects the dynamic performance of the car and fuel consumption.

As a result of an incorrectly set ignition, detonation may occur, which can lead to serious engine damage and irreversible consequences. When setting the ignition, the most accurate result can only be given by a special device called a stroboscope. However, in the absence of a stroboscope, the system can be adjusted in garage conditions, relying on conventional devices.

Ignition adjustment, adjustment methods

Ignition adjustment in a car service.
Ignition adjustment with a stroboscope.
Adjustment of ignition on labels.
Adjustment of ignition "by ear".

Tools, fixtures, consumables

Ignition timing, setting by marks on the timing cover

The ignition is set to the fourth or first cylinder. In this article, we will consider the latter option. The ignition timing on the VAZ is set in accordance with the marks on the timing cover. There are three marks here - long, medium and short.

Marks on the timing cover, what are the marks, what is top dead center (TDC)

A long mark corresponds to - an advance angle equal to 0°.
Average - 5 °.
Short - 10 °.

Top dead center (TDC) is indicated on the pulley rim. On the pulley hub there is a special influx opposite this mark.

Ignition adjustment 2106, how to make the ignition on the first cylinder, step by step instructions

First of all, you should unscrew the spark plug of the first cylinder.
Then, using a rubber stopper or a finger, it is necessary to close the candle hole.
Next, using a special key, you need to turn the crankshaft until the piston in the first cylinder starts moving up (that is, the compression stroke should begin). It's easy to find out - a rubber plug will fly out of the hole, and if you close the hole with your finger, you will feel how it is squeezed out.
It should be twisted until the mark on the timing cover matches the mark on the crankshaft pulley. If you fill your car with "95" or "92" gasoline, you need to combine it with the middle mark. But if "72" or lower, you need to combine with a long mark corresponding to "0" lead angle.
We unfasten the latches, and then remove the cover of the ignition distributor.
After turning the crankshaft, the rotor should turn into a position in which its outer contact will be directed towards the first cylinder on the distributor cap.
After aligning the marks, pay attention to the distributor, try to draw an imaginary line through the lid latches. It must be parallel to the axis of the motor. If the line cannot be drawn, do the following:
We unscrew the nut securing the distributor, and then turn the distributor up.
Rotating the axis of the rotor, it must be set parallel to the axis of the motor.
Next, you need to put the distributor and tighten the fastening nut, but you do not need to tighten it to the end.
Next, we connect the “control” in this way - we connect one end to ground, and the other to the output of the ignition coil connected to the low-voltage wire of the distributor.
We turn on the ignition. Slowly turn the distributor clockwise until the control lamp goes out.
Next, rotate the distributor counterclockwise. When the control lamp lights up, fix the position of the distributor and tighten its fixing nut.
Now turn off the ignition and replace the cover of the distributor.

Pro tips: how to check the ignition, whether it is set correctly

To check if the ignition is set correctly, do the following:

We start the engine and start moving.
Next, we accelerate the car to 45 kilometers per hour, after which we turn on the fourth gear and sharply press the "gas".
Further, after about three seconds, detonation will occur (ringing of “fingers”, pops), which will disappear as the car accelerates.
If knocking appeared and did not disappear as the vehicle accelerated, it can be assumed that the ignition is "early". If detonation does not appear at all, then the ignition is “late”. When the ignition is "early", turn the distributor clockwise by 0.5-1 divisions. In case of late ignition, it is necessary to turn the distributor 0.5-1 divisions counterclockwise. After completing the adjustment, mark on the distributor body with paint the position of the middle scale mark in relation to the block.

Setting the ignition timing can be almost a decisive step, because it affects the correct operation of the entire starting system. Let's figure out what to remember when getting started on your own.

How does ignition timing work?

This parameter indicates the time when the combustible mixture is ignited. And it is determined by the position of the crankshaft during the supply of an impulse to the spark plugs ahead of the TDC (top dead center), and is measured in degrees. In order for the working mixture to completely burn out in the cylinder, it takes some time, so if the mixture is ignited at the moment when the piston is in its highest position (TDC), then its combustion will occur on the expansion and exhaust strokes. This will not be able to provide effective pressure on the piston.

Thus, the ignition point should be selected ahead of time so that maximum pressure is at TDC. The value of this moment depends on a number of parameters, among them: the number of revolutions of the engine, the quality of the combustible mixture (lean or enriched), its fractional composition.

It should also be noted that it is not uncommon in gasoline engines, even at optimal angles, detonation can occur, so you need to set the advance angle a little more.

What is fraught with incorrect ignition timing?

In modern engines, the ignition timing is adjusted automatically using a special program. Thus, this indicator constantly moves to the earlier side by fractions of degrees, and as soon as the first ones appear, the program moves the ignition point to the later side by several degrees, and this process is repeated in a circle.

If the advance angle is set incorrectly, this will lead to unstable operation of the engine during idling, it will be difficult to start it, fuel consumption will increase, and this will also negatively affect the developed power.

A very large angle can lead to engine detonation, the consequences of which can be accidental damage to the engine. Based on the foregoing, it becomes clear that information on how to set the ignition timing on your own is quite relevant and will help save the family budget, as well as extend the life of the car.

Setting the ignition timing - instructions for the patient

We will offer an approximate instruction for this operation. First of all, it is removed, and the resulting hole is tightly covered with a finger. Then you need to turn the crankshaft with a special key until compression begins in the first cylinder, at which time air will come out of the candle hole. Next, you need to combine the mark located on the pulley, indicating the TDC position, with the mark that corresponds to 5 °, if 92 or 95 gasoline is used.

If the octane number of the fuel is less than 92, then the TDC is combined with the 0 ° mark.

The distributor rotor is located with the outer contact (corresponding to 10°) towards the first cylinder, and the line that passes through the spring clips must be parallel to the center line of the motor. If it is not possible to install the distributor in this way, it is necessary to unscrew the nut, by means of which it is attached to the ignition device, and, turning the roller, set it in the required position. Next, you need to fix it, but you should not tighten the nut to the end.

Now we understand further how to set the ignition moment. A voltmeter or test lamp should be connected to the ignition coil, and its output must be connected to the low-voltage output of the distributor itself. The second contact of the voltmeter is connected to ground. Then turn on the ignition and turn the breaker housing clockwise until the control lamp lights up. Having reached the moment when the voltmeter shows voltage, tighten the fixing nut.

After turning off the tuned mechanism, it is necessary to install all the removed parts in their original places, while observing the tightening torque of the spark plugs. And the last step is verification. It is carried out quite simply: having dispersed the car on a flat horizontal section to 45 km / h, turn on the fourth gear, at this moment detonation should occur for a few seconds, which will gradually subside. If it is not there, then the ignition is later, well, and in the case when it does not pass for a long time, it is early.

If you have recently purchased a VAZ 2107, which has a carburetor system, then we advise you to immediately start monitoring its condition. This is necessary so that in case of any changes in its operation, you can make the required repairs on time. Perhaps you are confused by high fuel consumption or uneven engine operation? Then you should properly set up the ignition of the car.

Setting the ignition timing ahead

This setup is quite easy to make. Even a beginner can cope with this task. To do this, prepare in advance a 13 mm key and a special key for a 38 mm crankshaft.

If your car is running, be sure to turn off the engine, as you can only set the ignition when the engine is turned off. First, the piston of the first cylinder is set to the top dead center of the compression stroke, that is, to the ignition position. Before that, remove the candles, plug the hole from them with cotton wool.

It is necessary to combine the mark on the crankshaft and the front cover of the engine. To do this, use the key to turn the crankshaft clockwise. During this action, the air compressed there should push out the cotton, thus indicating the compression stroke. Continue turning the shaft slowly until the marks on the pulley and timing cover match.

Please note that there are 3 marks on the cover:

The first indicates an ignition advance of 10º;
the second - by 5 º;
the third is equal to zero.

Since the VAZ 2107 with a carburetor engine runs on 92nd or 95th gasoline, we need to set the ignition for these types of fuel. That is why you should choose the second label, which will mean an ignition advance of 5 º.

After the necessary parameters match, put the candles in place and remove the wires. The system is ready to go.

Ignition timing adjustment

For subsequent actions, it is necessary to loosen the fastening nut of the distributor (ignition distributor) with a key of 13. Connect one wire from the light bulb (it will play the role of a voltmeter, that is, talk about the presence of voltage) to the low-voltage terminal that the coil has, the second to ground.

Now turn on the ignition. Slowly and carefully turn the distributor housing clockwise, stopping immediately when the light goes out. The sparks that appear will indicate the moment of ignition. Move the distributor counterclockwise until the contacts are disconnected and the lamp lights up again. Everything is in order, you can safely twist the distributor, the setting is over.

Installation of electronic ignition

Electronic ignition makes the engine run smoother and softer, makes it easier to start in the winter season, and reduces fuel consumption. If you, having a carburetor engine, decide to switch to contactless (electronic) ignition, we will tell you how to properly install it on a VAZ 2107 car.

An electronic system for a car with a carburetor should not be too expensive or cheap. It is best to opt for a product of the middle price category, so that later after a while you do not have to change something.

Before work, prepare a drill and a set of keys.

For a general idea, first carefully read the attached instructions and open the kit for a carburetor type engine. It includes:

ignition coil;
distributor;
switch;
4 candles;
connecting and high voltage wires.

The system is easy to install. First of all, remove the negative terminal from the battery and turn the crankshaft until the marks numbered 3 and 4 are aligned, that is, the highest dead center.

Now you can proceed to the main steps. The coil should be disconnected from all wires, remove it and install a new one. Now the coil can be connected to the central high voltage wire. Connect 2 brown wires to the “K” terminal, and 2 blue wires to the “B” terminal.

Now remove the distributor cap. Please note that the slider must be set exactly as shown in the figure. Mark this place with a marker on the block to correctly install the new distributor. Now you can unscrew this part and set it aside.

After opening the cover of the new distributor, place the slider perpendicular to the engine and insert it into the hole in the cylinder block. Align it with the mark on the block. Then put on the cover and connect the wires.

Decide where the switch will be located, since there is no place for it in the VAZ 2107 car. We recommend installing it next to the washer reservoir. Fix it with self-tapping screws and install the connector.

Don't forget the candles. To replace them on a VAZ 2107 car, you will need a candle wrench, which should be used to unscrew the old candles from the cylinders and put new ones in place.

Their color can tell a lot about engine performance, so if the spark plugs are black, the air filter should be replaced. Normally, candles should have a light brown color.

Non-contact ignition correction

After a new system has been installed on the VAZ 2107, it is necessary to check it. After gaining a speed of about 40 km / h, switch to 4th gear, press the gas pedal all the way. At this time, you should hear a sound resembling tapping fingers for a couple of seconds. This indicates that the setting is correct. If it is not there, you need to turn the distributor clockwise to set the ignition correctly.

Replacing the starter relay

Another common problem on the VAZ 2107 with a carburetor is a malfunction of the starter relay. When the key is turned in the lock, the system makes a click, but the solenoid relay does not work. Replacing the relay is very easy.

First you need to remove the starter from the relay. Remove the 2 screws that hold it on. Slide it to the right and remove it by turning the back side. Loosen the starter and relay nuts.

Turn it to the side.

The correct and trouble-free operation of all components and assemblies of the car depends on their correct and timely configuration and adjustment. And ignition is no exception. Over time, many car owners begin to notice that the engine behaves completely differently than when buying a car. What is the reason? The reason is the wrong ignition control. What to do you ask? Of course, you can use the services of a service center, but it's better to do everything yourself. Today, we will look at how to set the ignition with your own hands.

Causes of the problem

And for starters, let's find out what causes the factory settings to fail. The reason is quite simple - the intervention of the driver himself, who, for one reason or another, removes the ignition distributor, otherwise called the distributor, carries out certain work with it, and after installing it in place, he is surprised to find that the operation of the engine has changed. There are also cases when, after such procedures, the car does not start at all. So what's the deal? Very simple - in resetting the factory labels, which, in fact, determine the correct operation of this device.

The sequence of work

Consider a step-by-step procedure on how to set the ignition. First you need to restore the original state of the labels.

It is very simple to do this - you need to use the crank to rotate the engine so that the marks on the pin mounted on the cylinder block and the crankshaft pulley match. If there is no starting handle, you can combine these labels simply by pushing the car forward, turning on an increased gear for greater ease.

After bringing the marks together, it is necessary to remove the cover on the distributor and remember the position of the slider - which particular cylinder its peddler is looking at, and then proceed with dismantling.

It is not recommended to scroll the crankshaft after removing the distributor, as this may knock down the set marks. In domestic cars, the slider is set directly on the first cylinder, and as for foreign cars, here, to facilitate work, a special risk applied to the distributor body is taken as the basis, along which the slider is set.

In some car models, instead of risks, two crescents are used - short and long, located both on the distributor and on the engine housing. Focusing on the position of the small crescent on the engine, we set it in the same way on the distributor itself, after which we mount it in place.

Now you can check the operation of the engine. To do this, scroll it two turns forward and check the correctness of the labels. If everything is in order, and they coincide with each other, you can fix the unit and proceed to start the engine.

We check the installation sequence of the wires going from the distributor to the candles. Remember that they must be set according to the order of operation of the cylinders, starting from the radiator - 1, 3, 4, 2, with the center wire connected to the ignition coil. The wire numbers can be viewed on the junction cover. If necessary, we perform pumping of gasoline, turn on the ignition and start the engine.

The work is over, and we answered the question of how to set the ignition correctly without resorting to the services of specialists.

Checking the correct adjustment

The question of how to set the ignition has been resolved, it remains to check the correctness of the operation performed. This requires the following:

Choose a flat section of the road;
We accelerate the car up to 50 km/h;
We pass to the 4th gear and squeeze the gas all the way;
We listen to the sounds of the engine - if they are quiet and short, then everything is in order. If there are no sounds, it means that the ignition is set late and to normalize it, you need to slightly turn the distributor clockwise. If the sounds are heard clearly, then early ignition is set, which can be optimized by slightly turning the distributor counterclockwise;
We repeat the procedure until we get the desired result.

Instead of an afterword

It's time to take stock. We considered the question of how to set the ignition at home. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the procedure and even the least experienced drivers who do not have specific knowledge and skills can do it. All that is required is a little patience and strict adherence to the above recommendations.

From gasoline is the principle of ignition of diesel fuel. The ignition of the fuel-air mixture in a diesel engine is realized by self-ignition of diesel fuel from contact with pre-compressed and heated air in the cylinders as a result of such compression.

Setting the ignition on a diesel engine involves changing the fuel injection advance angle, which is delivered at a well-defined moment at the end of the compression stroke. If the angle is set differently from the optimal parameters, then the fuel injection will be untimely. The result will be incomplete combustion of the mixture in the cylinders, which causes a devastating imbalance in the operation of the engine.

It should be remembered that even slight deviations in the fuel injection angle setting can lead to serious damage to the diesel engine.

It turns out that the ignition system of a diesel engine should be understood as the most important element of the power unit power system -. In most diesel engines, it is this device, in combination with diesel injectors, that is responsible for the timely metered supply of diesel fuel to the engine cylinders.

Read in this article

How to set the injection advance angle on a diesel

The need to install the ignition on a diesel engine with your own hands often arises in such cases:

diesel ignition must be corrected in parallel with the replacement of the timing belt;
after dismantling the injection pump, it is not possible to install the fuel pump pulley according to special marks;

One of the recommendations before starting any work related to the analysis of the diesel fuel equipment is the urgent need to clearly mark and refresh all marks. To do this, it is enough to apply small strokes with paint or a high-quality marker. This will facilitate subsequent reassembly and installation of the injection pump pulley, which will automatically eliminate or minimize potential ignition failures.

There are several ways to set the ignition on a diesel engine:

strictly by labels (subject to availability);
selection method empirically;

Setting the angle by marks

The first way to independently set the ignition angle of a diesel engine (the moment of injection of diesel fuel) by marks involves the displacement of the fuel pump. This method is suitable for diesel internal combustion engines in which mechanical fuel equipment is installed.

The injection advance angle is adjusted by turning the injection pump around the axis. A method is also possible when the camshaft pulley rotates in relation to the hub. This method is suitable for those designs in which the pump and pulley do not have a rigid mount.

To adjust the ignition on a diesel engine with your own hands, you need to turn to the rear of the internal combustion engine and get to, if necessary, dismantle the protective cover from it.
Next, you need to find a stopper on the flywheel, which falls into a special slot.
After that, the flywheel must be turned manually (using a key or other device). Cranking the flywheel means that the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is rotating. You need to twist clockwise until the moment when the upper stopper-latch works.
Then we pay attention to the injection pump drive shaft. It is possible that the scale on the drive clutch, through which the rotation is transmitted, occupies the upper position. In this case, the mark on the injection pump flange is aligned with the zero mark on the drive.
After the marks are aligned, the fixing bolts can be tightened. A setting dial on the drive clutch that is not up means that the flywheel stopper must be lifted, after which the engine crankshaft rotates one revolution again. Next, the position of the scale is again controlled.
After tightening the bolts of the drive clutch, the stopper on the flywheel is lifted, the crankshaft is rotated 90 °, then the stopper is placed in the groove.

The final step is to install the flywheel protection in place and tighten the mounting bolts. Next, the engine is started, its work is analyzed. The unit at idle should work smoothly and smoothly, without failures and twitches. Rigid diesel operation, accompanied by, is unacceptable.

Next, you need to check the correct setting in motion, avoiding serious loads. Warm up the engine to operating temperature and evaluate the throttle response of the power plant, the reaction to pressing the gas pedal. It is also necessary to monitor the color of the exhaust gases, since the late fuel injection advance angle will be followed.

Choosing the right injection angle

You can experimentally adjust the ignition angle on a diesel engine as follows:

After installing the pulley, attempts are made to start a diesel engine. If the engine does not start, then the injection pump pulley is rotated relative to the belt by several teeth (2-4). Then they try to start the engine again.
When the motor starts up after the manipulations described above, evaluate its work. The presence of obvious detonation knocks means that the fuel pump pulley must be turned a tooth or two in the opposite direction to rotation. The appearance of thick gray smoke may indicate a late injection angle. In such a situation, the pump pulley turns one tooth in the direction of rotation.

The lack of positive changes in the operation of the motor will require the rotation of the fuel pump around the axis. By such cranking, it is necessary to bring the motor to the optimum operating mode. The best option would be to operate the diesel engine in such a mode, when there is very little left before the start of detonation. The detonation knocks themselves are clearly visible in the sound of the internal combustion engine.

The second available method involves the following steps:

The high-pressure pipe is dismantled from the nozzle of the first cylinder. A transparent plastic hose must be tightly put on the removed tube and placed in a vertical position.
After that, you can turn on the ignition and turn the pump pulley. The pulley rotates as gently, slowly and accurately as possible.
Next, you need to monitor the fuel level in the tube and identify the upper limit.
Noticing when the level of diesel fuel in the tube is the highest, it is necessary to make a mark on the pulley.
Then, according to the marks, you need to set the crankshaft and camshaft of the engine.

After starting, the operation of the engine is evaluated. If an early or late fuel injection angle is determined, the tuning operation must be repeated.