2. Consider not active in the Armed Forces Russian Federation Appendix N 2 to the Manual on automotive service Soviet army and the Navy, put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR in 1977 N 225, orders of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, 1983 N 226, 1984 N 100; 170, 1990 N 22, paragraph 4 of section II of the annex to the order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of 1991 N 329.
To conduct a control and diagnostic examination, regulated maintenance (hereinafter referred to as RTO) - according to the Plan for the preparation of a military unit in accordance with the plan (schedule) for conducting RTO;
To check the technical condition during inspection, final and control checks troops (forces) - by decision of the chairman of the commission in accordance with established standards;
When conducting military training with citizens who are in reserve - by decision of the commanders-in-chief of the branches of the Armed Forces, the commanders of the troops of military districts, the branches of the Armed Forces;
In case of liquidation of consequences natural Disasters, disposal of explosive objects - by decision of the commander-in-chief of a branch of the Armed Forces, the commander of the troops of a military district, a branch of the Armed Forces;
In order to qualitatively fulfill the tasks facing the Armed Forces, in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense.
To amend the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 2004 No. 450 "On the procedure for using automotive technology in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacetime" according to the attached List.
MINISTER OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
army General
S. Shoigu
Application:
SCROLL
changes made to the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 2004 No. 450
In the Guidelines on the procedure for the use of automotive equipment in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacetime (appendix to the order):
1. Paragraph 3 shall be supplemented with a paragraph as follows: “When checking the procedure for using these vehicles, drivers, at the request of an official of the VAI (hereinafter referred to as the VAI), hand over to them for verification: a driver’s license for the right to drive vehicle corresponding category, and in case of withdrawal in accordance with the established procedure driving license- temporary permission; registration documents, a diagnostic card for this vehicle, and if there is a trailer, also for the trailer; insurance policy compulsory insurance civil liability of the owner of the vehicle in cases where the obligation to insure its civil liability is established by federal law; documents for the transported cargo, and when transporting large-sized, heavy and dangerous goods- documents stipulated by the rules for the transportation of these goods; in addition, a document confirming the right to use or dispose of this vehicle, and in the presence of a trailer - and on the trailer - in the case of driving a vehicle by a driver of a third-party organization and other documents provided for by the regulations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
2. In the second paragraph of clause 6, the words "garrison" and "military district, fleet" shall be replaced by the words "(territorial)" and "(regional)", respectively.
3. In paragraph 7:
In paragraph four, the word "garrison" shall be replaced by the word "(territorial)";
Paragraphs five-seventh shall be stated in the following wording:
“Designated persons to perform the duties of a senior machine must have with them and upon request officials VAI to hand over to them for verification the certificate of the senior car (Appendix No. 2 to this Manual). The validity period of the certificate of the senior car is three years (regardless of the place of service or work of the senior car). The certificate is annually re-registered in the VAI (territorial) after the serviceman has passed the appropriate test.
Forms of certificates of the senior vehicle are made in the prescribed manner by the Military Automobile Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of the Main Directorate of the Military Police of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and are issued to the troops (forces) of the VAI (territorial).
Expenses associated with the purchase (manufacturing) of certificate forms for the senior vehicle are made at the expense and within the funds allocated according to the consolidated estimate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Military Automobile Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of the Main Directorate of the Military Police of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the maintenance, operation and Maintenance weapons, military equipment and property."
5. Paragraph eleven of clause 9 shall be stated as follows:
“drivers who have not passed a medical examination and do not have with them: a driver's license for the right to drive a vehicle of the corresponding category, and in the event of withdrawal in the prescribed manner of a driver's license of a temporary permit; registration documents, diagnostic card on this vehicle, and in the presence of a trailer - on the trailer; an insurance policy of compulsory civil liability insurance of the owner of the vehicle in cases where the obligation to insure one's own civil liability is established by federal law; documents for the transported cargo, and in the case of transportation of oversized, heavy and dangerous cargoes - documents stipulated by the rules for the transportation of these cargoes; in addition, a document confirming the right to use or dispose of this vehicle, and in the presence of a trailer - and on the trailer - in the case of driving a vehicle by a driver of a third-party organization and other documents provided for by the regulations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
6. In paragraph four of paragraph 46, the word "garrison" shall be replaced by the word "(territorial)".
7. In paragraph 107, the word "VAI" shall be deleted.
8. Paragraph 113 shall be stated as follows:
"113. VAI of the Armed Forces:
carry out constant control the procedure for the use of vehicles on traffic routes, as well as the movement of motorcades and single vehicles used over a distance of more than 200 km;
Regularly check the use of machines after the end of the working day, on weekends and holidays;
Periodically check the legality and correctness of the use of machines;
Technical inspection of vehicles is carried out at the established intervals: vehicles equipped for the systematic transportation of people, with more than 8 seats (except for the driver's seat), as well as vehicles and trailers for them intended for the transport of oversized, heavy and dangerous goods - every 6 months ; other cars, regardless of the year of manufacture - every 12 months.
In the event of a traffic accident, a gross violation of the procedure for using motor vehicles established by this Guide, VAI officials are given the right to stop using the vehicle until the identified deficiencies are eliminated.
Shortcomings identified as a result of inspections of the use of vehicles are reported in the prescribed manner to the commander of the troops of the military district and officials of the military police.
9. In the first paragraph of clause 114, the words "VAI of the military district, fleet, group of troops" shall be replaced by the words "VAI (territorial), in the area of responsibility of which the military unit is deployed."
HEAD OF THE MILITARY VEHICLE INSPECTION OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
colonel
S. Postnikov
conditions. During maintenance, if necessary, filters and other replaceable parts are replaced, and identified malfunctions are eliminated. It is forbidden to reduce the volume and reduce the time of work to the detriment of the quality of maintenance of machines.
The car that passed Maintenance, must be serviceable, filled with the prescribed operating materials, clean, adjusted, lubricated. All units, assembly units, mechanisms and devices must be securely fastened, operate normally and comply with the requirements of the machine operating instructions.
The engine should start easily and run stably at various speeds. crankshaft, and the pressure in the lubrication system comply with the standards. Filters must provide normal filtration of fuel, oil and air. Electrical and air system start, as well as start-up aids ( preheater, heater boiler, electric torch air heaters, etc.) must ensure quick and reliable engine start at low temperatures.
Steering wheel, clutch and brake pedal free play, lever travel parking brake, the collapse and convergence of the front wheels of the car, adjustment parameters drives of the turning mechanism (onboard clutches), brakes must comply with the standards.
The brakes must provide simultaneous smooth braking wheels and stopping cars at the established stopping distance. Braking the car with hydraulic drive brakes should be provided with one press on the pedal.
Clutch ( main clutch) should disengage completely, allowing easy and quiet shifting, and should not slip when the pedal is fully released. When the machine is moving, there should be no automatic disengagement of gears and increased noise in the gearbox transfer case, bridges, in the main and final drives.
The tires of the wheels must be correctly mounted, the wheels must be correctly installed, the tire pressure must comply with the standards.
The battery must be charged, the density and electrolyte level must be correct. The ignition must be set in accordance with the instructions for the machine.
Stop signal, sound signal, wipers, external lighting fixtures And control devices must be in good working order, the blackout device is correctly connected and adjusted.
There should be no leakage of fuel, oil, cooling, brake and other fluids, air leakage from the pneumatic system.
Winch, towing device machines must be in good working order and reliable in operation.
The quality of the performed maintenance of the machines is checked using diagnostic tools and a measuring tool
personally by the head of the maintenance and repair point (commander of the repair unit). On the carried out maintenance No. 1 and 2, corresponding entries are made in the book of maintenance, repair of machines, assemblies and the consumption of spare parts.
Responsibility for the timely and high-quality maintenance of vehicles rests with the commanders of military units and subunits. They are obliged to ensure that it is carried out in deadlines providing time, funds and materials for this. Maintenance is organized by the deputy commander for the technical part (head of the automotive service). The time for maintenance of vehicles is provided for by the daily routine, and in case of their mass use in exercises (classes) - by the plans for combat training of military units (schedules of classes of units).
9.4. Safety requirements when working with harmful automotive materials and environmental protection.
The most common hazardous materials in the operation of a car are antifreeze and leaded gasoline. All those working with hazardous materials must be instructed in their properties, trained in safe practices when working with these materials, and must use the means personal protection.
In order to prevent spillage, splashing, leakage, contact with the body or clothing, it is necessary to: ensure complete sealing of the manufacture and spillage; have a separate serviceable container with appropriate warning labels indelible paint; have tight-fitting lids and plugs with appropriate gaskets; to carry out filling of tanks by 90% by volume; ensure the cleanliness of the container (in the container for antifreeze there should be no residues of oil products); have in production (especially in case of heating) local ventilation exhausts; use appropriate personal protective equipment (for leaded gasoline, suit GOST 12.4.111-82 or GOST 12.4.112-82, shoes GOST 12.4.137-84, gloves TU 38.1068346-79, armlets, apron, linen and clothes made of cotton fabric , brand A filtering gas mask; for antifreeze, a suit GOST 12.4.028-76, gloves TU 205 Ukrainian SSR104-82; respirators such as "Petal" or "Astra-2").
The order of transportation, storage, vacation, spending
And delivery of spent or unused hazardous materials, which exclude the possibility of their misuse: responsible persons, specially equipped warehouses and storage facilities, prohibition to transport together with people, animals and food products.
IN places of storage, loading, unloading and work with hazardous material should be in enough means for their neutralization
And neutralization: kerosene, bleach solution, monochloramine, dichloramine, active manganese dioxide, rosin or household
soap for leaded gasoline; 2-3% and 5-10% soda solutions and ethyl alcohol for antifreeze.
All those working with hazardous materials must be trained and instructed on what to do in case of spills, contamination of the floor, platform, surfaces with these materials, as well as if hazardous materials get on clothes, the body or inside the human body, i.e. be able to carry out neutralization, neutralization, decontamination of the place, clothing and measures for first medical aid to the victims.
Protecting the environment from the adverse effects of transport. Worldwide, transport ranks first as a source of air pollution and in the top five polluters as a source of water and soil pollution. Annual air emissions from transport in Russia amount to about 35 million tons harmful substances, with 58% of this amount accounted for by road transport. This impact is a serious environmental problem, especially in large cities.
The direct negative impact of road transport on environment associated with emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and further into water and soil, thermal pollution of the environment, noise and vibration. The indirect impact of road transport on the environment is due to the fact that car roads, parking, service enterprises occupy an increasing and annually increasing area necessary for human life. Significant damage to fields, meadows and forests is caused by vehicles moving off the road. Water contaminated from car washes harmful effect on the living world of the hydrosphere. Sludge from car wash treatment plants is also harmful to nature.
Toxic engine emissions internal combustion cars are exhaust and crankcase gases, fuel vapors from the carburetor and fuel tank. As the analysis shows, the exhaust gases of both carburetor and diesel engines contain more than 200 types of harmful substances and compounds. The exhaust of carburetor engines has the highest toxicity due to the greater emission of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, benzapyrene, etc. Diesel engines are emitted into large quantities soot, which in its pure form is not toxic. However, soot particles, having a high adsorption capacity, carry particles of toxic substances on their surface, including such carcinogens as 1, 2-benzapyrene. Soot can be suspended in the air for a long time, thereby increasing the time of exposure to toxic substances on humans and other objects of the biosphere.
Reducing the negative impact of road transport on the human body is possible in several ways. First direction does not require significant capital investments. It lies in the organization
And monitoring the composition and standard value of exhaust gas components vehicles. Reducing the amount of harmful substances entering the environment with exhaust gases can be achieved by improving the technical condition of the rolling stock, adjusting the carburetor and ignition system, and eliminating fuel and oil leakage. Raise professional excellence drivers, the use of rational driving techniques can achieve a reduction in fuel consumption by 5 - 10% and a reduction in emissions of harmful substances. Significant reduction harmful emissions by reducing the warm-up time of the car before leaving the park, it makes it possible to equip military units with car engine heating systems and the availability of warm parking lots. Calculations show that due to the rational control of the speed of movement on the roads, increasing the uniformity of the modes of movement of individual vehicles, reducing the spread of speeds in traffic flow and delays at traffic lights, it is possible to achieve a reduction in emissions of harmful substances from vehicles by 15-2 0%. Reduce the harmful impact on the environment rationally planned transportation routes, correct selection in terms of carrying capacity (passenger capacity) of the rolling stock, rational placement of motor transport organizations
And their units, reducing unproductive runs.
Second direction requires more significant costs. Dieselization leads to a reduction in the emission of toxic substances car park, especially if the quality is improved diesel fuel. Improvement in the quality of traditional motor fuels, for example, the use of low-sulfur fuels - no more than 0.05% sulfur by weight. A significant reduction in environmental pollution can give improvement fuel equipment and modes of operation of internal combustion engines (changing the design of combustion chambers, increasing the turbulence of the supplied mixture - in carbureted engines; fuel injection pressure boost, select optimal number and directions of fuel jets - in diesel engines; introduction of microprocessor electronic circuits fuel injection and ignition control).
To a large extent, the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases can be reduced through the use of converters. Currently most widespread got catalytic converters, in which rare earth elements - platinum, palladium, radium are used as a catalyst. These substances can significantly reduce the energy threshold at which redox reactions begin.
To protect against direct negative impact on the environment and humans, the noise of a running internal combustion engine is used: soundproof casings-hoods and cabins (from noise of mechanical origin), mufflers (from aerodynamic noise during air intake and exhaust gases).
third direction involves more significant changes in road transport. First of all, it is a replacement for traditional petroleum fuels, the so-called alternative types of motor fuels, primarily gas fuel. In this regard, liquefied propane-butane gases and compressed natural gas. According to experimental estimates, the use gas fuel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide by 2-4 times, nitrogen oxides - by 1.1-1.5 times and total hydrocarbons - by 1.4-2 times. However, the transition to the use of compressed gas fuel, according to a number of estimates, is combined with disadvantages, in particular, a decrease in engine power by 20% and a load capacity by 14% (due to the significant mass gas cylinders), a decrease in the range of cars at one gas station to 180-220 km (twice compared to cars running on gasoline), the need for significant costs for the re-equipment of cars, motor transport organizations, and the construction of gas filling stations. In addition to these types of fuel, attempts have been made and are being made to use ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, alcohol, etc. as fuel.
All of the above areas to reduce the impact of emissions of harmful substances from motor vehicles require their own further development, by improving the system of state control, applying methods of economic regulation, conducting scientific research in the field of creating new generations of cars.
9.5. Duties of drivers and senior cars.
The driver of a motor vehicle must:
Have with you and, at the request of the police officers, hand over to them for verification:
- a driver's license for the right to drive a vehicle of the corresponding category, and in the event of withdrawal of a driver's license in accordance with the established procedure - a temporary permit;
- registration documents and a coupon for passing the state technical inspection on this vehicle, and in the presence of a trailer
And on a trailer;
- a document confirming the right to own, or use, or dispose of this vehicle, and if there is a trailer - and to the trailer - in the case of driving a vehicle in the absence of its owner;
- in established cases waybill, a license card and documents for the transported cargo, and when transporting bulky, heavy and dangerous goods - the documents provided for by the rules for the transportation of these goods;
- an insurance policy of compulsory civil liability insurance of the owner of the vehicle in cases where the obligation to insure one's civil liability is established by federal law.
IN in cases expressly provided for by the current legislation, to have and transfer for verification to employees of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Transport a license card, a waybill and shipping documents.
Before leaving, check and ensure proper operation on the way. technical condition vehicle in accordance with the Basic Regulations for the admission of vehicles to operation and the duties of officials to ensure safety traffic.
It is forbidden to move in the event of a malfunction of the working brake system, steering, coupling device (as part of a road train), not burning (absent) headlights and rear parking lights V dark time days or under conditions insufficient visibility, inactive on the driver's side of the windshield wiper during rain or snowfall.
If other malfunctions occur along the way, with which the operation of vehicles is prohibited by the annex to the Basic Provisions, the driver must eliminate them, and if this is not possible, then he can proceed to the place of parking or repair, observing the necessary precautions.
At the request of officials who have been granted the right to state supervision and control over road safety and the operation of vehicles, undergo an examination for alcohol intoxication and a medical examination for intoxication. Driver of a vehicle of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
IN in established cases, pass a test of knowledge of the Rules and driving skills, as well as a medical examination to confirm the ability to drive vehicles.
Provide vehicle:
Employees of the police, federal bodies of state protection and bodies of the federal security service in cases provided for by law;
Medical and pharmaceutical workers for the transportation of citizens
to the nearest medical institution in cases that threaten their lives.
Persons using the vehicle must, at the request of the driver, issue him a certificate established sample or make an entry in the waybill (indicating the duration of the trip, the distance traveled, your last name, position, number of service certificate, name of your organization), and medical and pharmaceutical workers - issue a coupon of the established form.
At the request of the owners of transport vehicles, the federal bodies of state protection and the bodies of the federal security service shall compensate them in accordance with the established procedure for the losses, expenses or damage inflicted in accordance with the law.
Employees of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport of the Russian Federation must be in uniform and use a disk with a red signal or a retroreflector to stop the car. They can use an additional whistle signal to attract the attention of drivers. Persons who have the right to stop the vehicle are required to present an official certificate at the request of the driver.
In the event of a traffic accident, the driver involved in it must:
- immediately stop (do not move) the vehicle, turn on the emergency light signaling and put up a sign emergency stop, do not move items related to the incident;
- accept possible measures to provide first aid to the injured, call an ambulance medical care", V emergency cases send the victims on a passing, and if this is not possible, deliver them on your vehicle to the nearest medical institution, provide your last name, register sign vehicle (with the presentation of an identity document or a driver's license and registration document for the vehicle) and return to the scene of the accident;
- release carriageway if the movement of other vehicles is not possible. If it is necessary to clear the roadway or deliver the injured on their vehicle to a medical institution, first fix in the presence of witnesses the position of the vehicle, traces and objects related to the incident, and take all measures to preserve them and organize a detour around the scene;
- report the incident to the police, write down the names and addresses of eyewitnesses and wait for the police to arrive.
The driver of the vehicle is prohibited from:
- drive a vehicle in a state of intoxication (alcoholic, narcotic or otherwise), under the influence of drugs that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety;
- transfer control of the vehicle to persons who are
V in a state of intoxication, under the influence of drugs, in a sick or tired state, as well as to persons who do not have a driver's license for the right to drive a vehicle of this category or, if it is withdrawn in the prescribed manner, a temporary permit;
- cross organized (including foot) columns and take a place in them;
- use alcoholic beverages, narcotic, psychotropic or other intoxicating substances after traffic accident,
to which he is involved, or after the vehicle was stopped at the request of a police officer, before an examination was carried out in order to establish a state of intoxication or before a decision was made to exempt him from such an examination;
- drive a vehicle in violation of the regime of work and rest established by the authorized federal executive body, and in the implementation of international road transport- international treaties of the Russian Federation;
- use a mobile phone while driving that is not equipped technical device allowing hands-free negotiation.
When sending two or more cars on a flight, a head of the column is appointed. When transporting people and dangerous goods, both as part of a convoy and in single vehicles, a senior vehicle is assigned to each vehicle. In other cases, senior vehicles are appointed, if necessary, by decision of the commander of the military unit. The chief of the car may not be appointed if the driver of the car is a military serviceman under contract, or from among the civilian personnel of the Armed Forces, who has at least two years of work experience.
Heads of columns and senior vehicles are annually appointed by order, the commander of a military unit from among officers, ensigns or sergeants who are doing military service under a contract, who have undergone appropriate training in military units, who have passed tests in the VAI of the garrison on knowledge of the duties of a senior vehicle, the Rules of the Road and received certificate of the older car.
Persons appointed to perform the duties of a chief machine must carry a certificate of the chief machine. The validity period of the certificate of the senior vehicle, which is annually re-registered in the VAI of the garrison after passing the test, is three years (regardless of the place of service or work of the senior vehicle).
The head of the machine must:
- on the eve of the day of departure, receive instructions from the commander (chief of staff) of the military unit;
- before leaving the park, make sure that the car is in good condition, that the driver is ready for the flight, that he has the required documents, to study the features of the route, dangerous places route and familiarize the driver with them;
- take the car from the park attendant;
- know and accurately follow the Rules of the Road, the procedure for using motor vehicles, the rules for transporting people and various goods;
- know and strictly observe the norms of landing people on the car, the norms of loading the transported cargo onto the car and the rules for its fastening;
- be able to use a map, a route diagram to navigate the terrain;
- stop using the machine and take necessary measures in case of illness or overwork of the driver, as well as in case of his alcoholic or drug intoxication;
- at the end of the use of the car, sign the waybill, write down the speedometer readings, the time and place of the car’s release and hand it over to the park attendant.
The list of violations for which the certificate of the senior car is withdrawn:
1. Drinking alcohol while performing a task.
2. Deviation from the route of movement or use of the car for personal (mercenary) purposes.
3. Giving the driver commands (orders) that contradict the requirements of the Rules of the Road, orders of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, other regulatory legal documents that determine the procedure for using automotive equipment.
4. Driving the car instead of the driver (removing the driver from driving the car).
5. Violation of the Rules of the Road, which led to a traffic accident or the creation of an emergency situation through the fault or connivance of the senior car.
Questions for self-control of students' knowledge
1. What vehicles are used by the medical service of the military level to evacuate the wounded and sick, transport medical and sanitary equipment?
2. What is the operation of automotive equipment?
3. List the responsibilities of the driver and the senior car.
4. What is the purpose of car maintenance?
5. List the measures that must be observed when working with hazardous automotive materials.
Test tasks
Choose one or more correct answers.
1. UAZ-452A
1) 5 on stretchers and 1 seated; only sitting - 7
2) 4 on stretchers and 1 seated; only sitting - 7
3) 3 on stretchers and 2 sitting; only sitting - 7
4) 2 on stretchers and 1 seated; only sitting - 8
5) 1 on a stretcher and 1 sitting; only sitting - 9
2. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM EVACUABILITY OF PATIENTS IN THE CAR AS-66
1) 9 on stretchers and 4 sitting; only sitting - 15
2) 8 on stretchers and 4 sitting; only sitting - 16
3) 7 on stretchers and 4 sitting; only sitting - 17
4) 6 on stretchers and 5 sitting; only sitting - 18
5) 5 on stretchers and 5 sitting; only sitting - 19
3. WHAT TYPES OF MAINTENANCE ARE PERFORMED ON DAILY USE VEHICLES
1) control inspection of the car before leaving the park
2) daily maintenance (DTO);
3) maintenance #1 and #2
4) semi-annual maintenance
5) maintenance work
4. WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON HARMFUL AUTOMOTIVE MATERIALS
1) antifreeze
2) leaded gasoline
3) engine oil
4) wiper
5) kerosene
5. WHAT DIRECTIONS CAN BE REDUCED IN THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORT ON THE HUMAN BODY
1) increase the immunity of the human body
2) explanatory work among drivers
3) composition control exhaust gases vehicles
4) dieselization of the car park
5) use of gas fuel
IN modern conditions military service is directly related to daily operation various kinds military equipment. In the conditions of the Armed Forces and other statutory military formations additional guarantee ensuring the safety of driving and operating combat, special and transport vehicles is the performance of the functions of the head of the machine, appointed in accordance with applicable regulations.
The rights and obligations of the senior vehicle are determined by the Manual on the Automobile Service of the SA and the Navy (put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of September 1, 1977, as well as the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
According to the Manual on the automotive service (Article 23), the senior vehicle is appointed by the commander of a military unit (unit) from specially trained officers, warrant officers (midshipmen) or sergeants (foremen) when transporting personnel, explosive cargo, as well as when sending military machine on long-distance flights and in other cases. The head of the machine is responsible for the execution of the task assigned to him. All personnel following the car, including the driver, obey him. The senior machine is responsible for correct use the car and the safety of the cargo, for the driver's compliance with the Rules of the Road, as well as discipline and safety measures by all personnel in the car.
If, along with the driver, his immediate or direct superior is on the flight, then the head of the car is not appointed, and his function is performed by the chief. After issuing an order to appoint a senior car, he must be instructed by the immediate superior.
In accordance with the acts mentioned above, the head of the machine is obliged to:
- accept a car in the park from the park attendant;
- before leaving the car from the park, make sure that it is in good condition, the driver is ready for the flight and that the required documents are available, study the features of the route, know the dangerous places on the roads, familiarize the driver with them;
- know and comply with the norms for loading the transported cargo onto vehicles and the rules for securing it, and when transporting ammunition, explosives, fuel and other dangerous goods
- the rules set out in Art. 259 of the above Instruction;
- be able to use a map, route scheme and navigate the terrain;
- remove from control a driver who is in a sick or overworked state, as well as in case of his alcoholic or drug intoxication and take the necessary measures to complete the task in a timely manner, and in the absence of such an opportunity, report to the senior boss about the situation and act on his instructions;
- upon completion of work, make a note in the waybill about the completion of the task, sign the waybill and hand over the car and the waybill to the park duty officer;
- know the rules of the road;
- when transporting people, explain to personnel the safety rules and the procedure for their observance, know and accurately comply with the landing standards and transportation rules, guided by the relevant articles of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
It is strictly forbidden for the head of the car to: take control of the car or force the driver to transfer control of the car to someone else, give commands that force the driver to violate the Rules of the Road and the established speed.
The commander of the military unit in the order and the commander of the unit during the briefing may determine additional duties for the senior vehicle, based on the characteristics of the task being performed.
The senior vehicle bears disciplinary responsibility for violating the rules that ensure the safety of the operation of a military vehicle. In the event of causing material harm in the course of the performance of the duties assigned to him, he may be subject to material liability in accordance with the Federal Law "On the Financial Liability of Military Personnel" dated June 25, 1999.
If the committed violation of the rules of driving or operation entailed criminal consequences, then criminal liability arises under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The object of the crime under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is the established procedure for driving and operating military vehicles, which makes it possible to prevent harm to life and health, both for road users and other citizens. This procedure is determined by military regulations, instructions for driving and operating the relevant types of military equipment, instructions, orders.
The order of driving and operating military vehicles is also determined in the manuals and operating instructions. certain types technology.
These documents indicate the specifics of handling vehicles in accordance with the acts regulating the rules for handling military equipment, including the Rules of the Road, which apply to the operation and driving of combat, special and transport vehicles under the conditions provided for by these Rules.
Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004 N 450 " On the procedure for the use of automotive equipment in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacetime"
7. When sending two or more cars on a flight, a head of the column is appointed. When transporting people and dangerous goods, both as part of a convoy and in single vehicles, a senior machine.
In other cases, senior vehicles are appointed, if necessary, by decision of the commander of the military unit.
The chief of the car may not be appointed if the driver of the car is a military serviceman under contract, or from among the civilian personnel of the Armed Forces, who has at least two years of work experience.
Heads of columns and senior vehicles are appointed annually by order of the commander of the military unit from the number of officers, ensigns or sergeants undergoing military service under a contract, who have undergone appropriate training in military units, who have passed tests in the VAI of the garrison on knowledge of the duties of a senior vehicle, the Rules of the Road and received a certificate of a senior vehicle.
The duties of the senior machine are given in article 375 of the Charter of the internal service and on the website http://voenprav.ru/doc-1937-1.htm. Although knowledge of these duties also requires Order 450.
Please note that the senior is assigned "When transporting people and dangerous goods." So the car can be sent to the part by yourself. Just don't forget to call the park whether she has arrived or not.
Rights, duties and responsibility of the senior vehicle for violation of the rules for the operation of military vehicles
In modern conditions, military service is directly related to the daily operation of various types of military equipment. The use of machines in accordance with their intended use requires strict adherence to the procedure for their operation established by the relevant legal regulations.
In the conditions of the Armed Forces and other military formations provided for by law, an additional guarantee of ensuring the safety of driving and operating combat, special and transport vehicles is the performance of the functions of a senior vehicle, appointed in accordance with applicable regulations.
The rights and obligations of the senior vehicle are determined by the Manual on the Automobile Service of the SA and the Navy (put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated September 1, 1977 No. 225), as well as the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
According to the Manual on the automotive service (Article 23), the senior vehicle is appointed as the commander of a military unit (unit) from specially trained officers, warrant officers (midshipmen) or sergeants (foremen) when transporting personnel, explosive cargo, and also when sending a military vehicle on long-distance flights and in other cases. The head of the machine is responsible for the execution of the task assigned to him. All personnel following the car, including the driver, obey him. The head of the car is responsible for the correct use of the car and the safety of the cargo, for the driver to comply with the Rules of the Road, as well as discipline and safety measures for all personnel in the car.
If, along with the driver, his immediate or direct superior is on the flight, then the head of the car is not appointed, and his function is performed by the chief.
After issuing an order to appoint a senior car, he must be instructed by the immediate superior.
In accordance with the above acts senior machine is obliged:
- accept a car in the park from the park duty officer;
- before leaving the car from the park, make sure that it is in good condition, the driver is ready for the flight and that the required documents are available, study the features of the route, know the dangerous places on the roads ( sharp turns, settlements, railway crossings, steep slopes and rises, etc.), familiarize the driver with them;
- know and comply with the norms for loading the transported cargo onto vehicles and the rules for securing it, and when transporting ammunition, explosives, fuel and other dangerous goods - the rules established by Art. 259 of the above Instruction;
- be able to use a map, route scheme and navigate the terrain;
- remove from control the driver who is in a sick or overworked state, as well as in case of his alcoholic or drug intoxication and take the necessary measures to complete the task in a timely manner, and in the absence of such an opportunity, report to the senior boss about the situation and act on his instructions;
- upon completion of work, make a note in the waybill about the completion of the task, sign the waybill and hand over the car and the waybill to the park duty officer;
- know the rules of the road;
- when transporting people, explain to personnel the safety rules and the procedure for their observance, know and accurately comply with the landing standards and transportation rules, guided by the relevant articles of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
The senior car is strictly prohibited: take control of the machine or force the driver to transfer control of the machine to someone else, give commands that force the driver to violate the Rules of the Road and the established speed.
The commander of the military unit in the order and the commander of the unit during the briefing may determine additional duties for the senior vehicle, based on the characteristics of the task being performed.
senior machine bears disciplinary responsibility for violating the rules ensuring the safety of the operation of a military vehicle. In the event of causing material harm in the process of fulfilling the duties assigned to him, he may be subject to liability in accordance with the Federal Law "On the material liability of military personnel" dated June 25, 1999 No. 161-FZ.
If the violation of the rules of driving or operation caused criminal consequences, then criminal liability under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The object of the crime under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is the established procedure for driving and operating military vehicles, which makes it possible to prevent harm to life and health, both for road users and other citizens. This procedure is determined by military regulations, instructions for driving and operating the relevant types of military equipment, instructions, orders. The order of driving and operation of military vehicles is also determined in the manuals and instructions for the operation of certain types of equipment. These documents indicate the specifics of handling vehicles in accordance with the acts regulating the rules for handling military equipment, including the Rules of the Road, which apply to the operation and driving of combat, special and transport vehicles under the conditions provided for by these Rules.
Since military legal acts do not cover all the features of driving and operation, when driving on roads common use military personnel are obliged to be guided, in addition to special instructions, by the unified Rules of the Road (approved by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993, as amended by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 8, 1996).
The public danger of violating the rules for driving and operating military vehicles lies in the fact that as a result of this crime there is an encroachment on the procedure for performing military service, which ensures the maintenance of military equipment in constant readiness for its intended use, as well as on the safety of military equipment, life and the health of citizens.
Traffic safety is ensured not only by observance of the rules for controlling the machine in the process of movement, but also by the creation of preconditions that ensure reliable, safe work machines. The totality of measures aimed at creating these conditions is the essence of the concept of machine operation.
An analysis of the normative acts mentioned above, which set out the rules for driving and operating military vehicles, shows that violations of the operating rules should include:
a) the release of a knowingly technically faulty car on a flight;
b) admission by the head or senior of the car to the management of persons who are obviously not trained to drive this car or, due to their condition, are unable to drive the car (due to alcohol or drug intoxication, overwork, illness, etc.);
c) giving the driver orders that are clearly contrary to the rules for operating and driving a car. These orders may relate to driving rules (selection of speed, maneuvering, etc.) and operating rules (towing trailers, placing goods or reloading machines, loading oversized cargo, landing people on cars that are not adapted for these purposes, etc.);
d) violation by the driver of the rules that ensure safety not in the process of driving cars. For example, not putting the car on the brakes, leaving the car on the carriageway at night without turning on the emergency light signaling, transferring control of the car to a person who is in a state of intoxication or unable for any other reason to ensure the safety of the car, etc.
It is not possible to give an exhaustive list of violations of the rules for the operation of military vehicles. It should only be emphasized that violations of the rules of operation can be attributed to any action or inaction that is contrary to the rules of operation, resulting in the consequences specified in Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Sample studies show that misconduct by senior vehicles contributed to accidents in approximately 30% of the total number of vehicle violations considered by military courts.
The reasons for violations by senior machines of their duties are different, but the most dangerous and common of them is the self-elimination of the senior machine from the performance of the duties assigned to him, unpreparedness or irresponsible attitude towards their observance. So, for example, according to sample data from criminal cases, 48.3% of older cars for these reasons were unable to control the actions of drivers.
In practice, the question often arises, in what cases and what specific responsibility bears the senior machine in accordance with Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The subject of the crime under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, there may be a serviceman appointed as the head of the vehicle only if the violation of the operating rules committed by him caused the consequences specified in Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
If the head of the machine himself drives the machine and commits an act under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, he must be held liable for violation of the driving rules under this article. Additional qualification of the deed as an malfeasance in this case not required. If at the same time there was a violation of the rules of driving and operation by the driver and the elder of the car, which entailed those specified in Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, then only the person whose violation was the direct cause of the consequences that occurred is subject to criminal liability, and the second person is subject to disciplinary punishment.
Since, in accordance with Art. 144 of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a senior vehicle can be appointed from among sergeants, ensigns and officers, then the appointment of seniors from among the rank and file or from civilians means illegal entrusting them with the performance of their respective responsibilities. If they violate these obligations, the deed cannot be qualified under Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a violation of the rules for the operation of military vehicles, since they are not subjects of this crime. Responsibility for the resulting consequences should be borne by the appropriate commanders (chiefs) who allowed the unlawful appointment of senior vehicles of persons who should not, and sometimes are not able to perform the specified duties in military service.
The consequences of violations of the rules of operation can be expressed in:
a) causing damage to equipment;
b) in the destruction or damage to property related to any form of ownership;
c) causing harm to life and health of both military personnel and other citizens.
Depending on the nature of the consequences, the legislation provides for different liability of older machines for violating the rules of operation.
If, as a result of a violation of the rules for the operation of vehicles, admitted through the fault of senior vehicles, damage to property or slight harm to the health of military personnel and other citizens is caused, then the senior vehicle may be subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the Disciplinary Regulations.
The perpetrator may be brought to material responsibility along with the application of disciplinary action against him.
