YaMZ 238 engine

Characteristics of YaMZ-238

Production	"Autodiesel" Yaroslavsky engine plant
Engine brand	238
Release years	1962-present
Block material	cast iron
engine's type	diesel
Configuration	V-shaped
Number of cylinders	8
Valves per cylinder	2
Piston stroke, mm	140
Cylinder diameter, mm	130
Compression ratio	16.5
Engine volume, cc	14866
Engine power, hp / rpm	235/1700 240/2100 250/1900 280/2100 290/2000 300/1900 320/2100 330/2000 330/2100 330/2100
Torque, Nm/rpm	1108/1300 882/1500 1108/1300 1029/1500 1128/1400 1280/1300 1117/1500 1225/1400 1225/1300 1274/1200
Environmental regulations	Euro 0 Euro 1 Euro 2
Turbocharger	K27-49 K36-87 TKR 11 TKR 122
Engine weight, kg	1075 (YaMZ-238M2)
Fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km/h, l/100 km (for URAL 4320)	38
Oil consumption, % of fuel consumption, up to	0.5 0.2 (Euro 2)
Engine oil: -in summer -in winter (less than +5°C)	M-10-G2k M-8-G2k
How much oil is in the engine, l	29 (atmospheric) 32 (turbocharged)
Oil change is carried out, hours	500 1000 (Euro 2)
Dimensions, mm: - length - width - height	1315 1045 1070
Engine resource - according to the factory, hours - in practice, thousand km	8 000 800+
Tuning, HP - potential - no loss of resource	300+ ~280
The engine was installed	Combines Don, Kuban, Khersonets, Slavutich, Palesse MAZ-5336, 5432, , , , 5552 MAZ-6303, 6317, 6422, 6425, MoAZ-740, 1405, 6014, 6442, 7505 MoAZ-40484, 40489, 49011 KrAZ-260M, 5133, 5444, 6130, 6133, 6305, 6322 KrAZ-6351, 6443, 6446, 6503, 6505, 7133, 7140 EO-412, 511, 512, 522 Ural-4320, 5323, 5423, CHETRA-60, T15, T20, TG-221 Kranex EK400 Roll REM25 GT-TM, GT-TMS and MGSH521M1 MT-LBu, MT-LB EXCO BM-2501 ML-107 TG-301 MZKT-692378 HTZ 181 ChSDM DZ-240S Kirovets K-700, 702, 703, 740, 744 DZ-98V Boats KS-101, 104, 110 AD-100, DGU-100 ADM-1.5, MPG-6 VPR-02, VPRS-02, 03

Reliability, problems and repair of YaMZ-238

The YaMZ-238 series was put into production in 1962 and replaced the YaAZ-206. This motor has a V-shaped 8-cylinder cast iron block, with 90° flare, with cast iron wet shells and with an offset of the rows of cylinders relative to each other by 35 mm. Inside the block, on 5 supports, a forged crankshaft with a piston stroke of 140 mm and a diameter of the main journals of 110 mm and a diameter of the connecting rod journals of 88 mm is installed, the connecting rods themselves are steel, and their length is 265 mm. For these motors, cast aluminum pistons with a diameter of 130 mm and a height of 100 mm were used, diameter piston pin 50 mm.

The cylinder block is covered with two cast-iron heads with 8 valves each. Diameter intake valves 61 mm, outlet 48 mm, leg diameter 12 mm.
Here, a camshaft gear drive is used, and the camshaft itself is located in the cylinder block and, through pushers, steel rods and steel rocker arms, actuates the valves. Camshaft characteristics: phase 246/266, rise 13.5 mm.
Valve adjustment on YaMZ-238 (turbo and atmospheric) is carried out after every 500 hours of operation (if necessary). Valve clearances for both intake and exhaust are 0.25-0.3 mm. The order of adjustment is 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8, the same as the order of operation of the cylinders (both turbocharged and aspirated).
These engines use direct fuel injection with a high-pressure fuel pump 80-30 (on the YaMZ-238M2) or with other pumps (details on modifications are described below).
Nozzle pressure 261 - 230 kgf / cm 2; nozzles 267 - 270 kgf / cm 2.
The oil pressure on a warm engine should be in the range of 4-7 kgf / cm 2 (this applies to both turbo and atmosphere).

In addition to atmospheric options, turbocharged ones were also produced, the list of which knows no bounds. The main differences between them are listed below.

This motor had a related YaMZ-236 series.

The release of the 238th continues now, but they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly YaMZ-7511 and YaMZ-658.

Modifications of YaMZ 238 and their differences

1. YaMZ-238AK - an analogue of YaMZ-238M2 under Euro-0 standards, which was intended for combines Don, Kuban, Khersonets, Slavutich and Palesse FS60. Power 235 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 932 Nm at 1300-1500 rpm. The service life of the motor before overhaul is 8000 hours.
2. YaMZ-238AM2 - version of YaMZ-238M2 with a power of 225 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 825 Nm at 1250-1450 rpm. Ecological class - Euro-0, and its resource is 8000 hours.
Stands on MoAZ-6014 and 6442.
3. YaMZ-238B - turbocharged engine based on YaMZ 238M2, where a TKR 100 turbocharger is used. A modified camshaft with the following characteristics is installed here: phase 240/266, nozzles 261-13, another crankshaft, its own pistons, pump 807-40. The motor complies with the Euro-0 standard.
You can meet him at VPR-02, VPRS-02 and 03; MAZ-5336 and 5432; MoAZ-40484, 40489, 49011 and 7505; KrAZ 5444, 6130, 6503 and 6505; ADM-1.5, MPG-6, EO-5225, Ural 5323 and 5423; CHETRA T20, EK400 and REM25. Motor resource - 450 thousand km.
4. YaMZ-238BV - analogue of 238BL, but with injection pump 807-40. Installed on GT-TM, GT-TMS and MGSH521M1. Resource - 8000 hours.
5. YaMZ-238BE - the same YaMZ-238B, but with a built-in liquid-oil heat exchanger and modified cooling and lubrication systems. Here, an injection pump YAZDA 807-50, nozzles 261-13 and a turbine TKR 122 are used. The boost pressure is 0.93 bar. Power 300 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1180 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. The engine meets Euro-1 requirements.
6. YaMZ-238BE2 - an engine with a different crankshaft and connecting rods, with liners protruding 1.6 mm above the surface of the block, with other pistons (height 85 mm), the diameter of the piston pin is increased to 52 mm. Also used here is a cylinder head with annular grooves, high pressure fuel pump YAZDA 173-20, injectors 267-01, camshaft with phase 233/272, a different filter is used coarse cleaning fuel. The power remained the same, and the torque increased to 1274 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. This option meets Euro-2 standards.
7. YaMZ-238BK - a motor for Polesie combines, which meets Euro-0 standards. It is equipped with a TKR-100 turbine and high-pressure fuel pump 805-40. The 238BK-3 versions use two K27-49 turbines. The resource of such an engine is 8000 hours.
8. YaMZ-238BL - the same 238B, but with high pressure fuel pump 801-50, with a deep crankcase and a different fan drive. Power increased to 310 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 1177 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. Found on MT-LBu.
9. YaMZ-238BN - a turbo engine for MoAZ 7529 with a TKR 100-16 turbine. Power 260 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1080 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. Resource - 8000 h.
10. YaMZ-238VM - analogue of YaMZ-238M2 with another oil pan. Intended for MT-LB. Serves up to overhaul 5000 hours.
11. YaMZ-238GM2 - the same YaMZ238M2, but with a differently adjusted fuel (TNVD 809-20). Power reduced to 180 hp at 1700 rpm. It is found on excavators EO-412, 511, 512, 522 and drilling equipment BM-2501. Service life 5000 hours.
12. YaMZ-238D - the same 238B, but under the YaMZ 202 checkpoint and with high-pressure fuel pump 806-40. ICE resource- 450 thousand km.
Stands on ML-107, TG-301, MZKT-692378, MAZ-53363, 54323, 5552, 6303 and 64229; KrAZ-5133, 5444, 6130, 6322, 6351, 6443, 6505 and 7133.
13. YaMZ-238DE - the same YaMZ-238BE, but with a high pressure fuel pump YAZDA 806-50 and a boost pressure of 1.08 bar. Power increased to 330 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 1225 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. The engine complies with the Euro 1 environmental class and is found on MAZ 5336, 5432, 5516, 5551, 6303, 6317, 6422, 6425 vehicles and Polesie combines. The declared resource is 800 thousand km.
14. YaMZ-238DE2 - the same 238BE2, but with high pressure fuel pump YAZDA 173-30. Compared to the 238DE, the power remained unchanged, the torque reached 1274 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. Here, the ecological class has been raised to Euro 2, and the resource is 800 thousand km.
Such an internal combustion engine is installed on KrAZ 5133, 5444, 6130, 6133, 6305, 6322, 6443, 6446, 6503, 6505, 7133, 7140, as well as on MAZ-5336, 5432, 5516, 5551, 6303, 6317, 6425.
15. YaMZ-238DI - the same 238B, but with a K36-30 turbine and an 803-30 injection pump.
16. YaMZ-238DK - a combine motor for the Don 680M, an analogue of the YaMZ-238BK, but the power has been increased to 330 hp. at 2000 rpm, torque 1225 Nm at 1300-1500 rpm.
17. YaMZ-238IM2 - motor for diesel power plants AD-100 and DGU-100, its resource is 25,000 hours.
18. YaMZ-238KM2 - analogue of YaMZ-238M2, but adapted to work on MoAZ-1405, 740 and KhTZ 181 vehicles. Power 190 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 687 Nm at 1250-1450 rpm. ICE resource - 8000 hours.
19. YaMZ-238L - multi-fuel engine for KrAZ-260M. It is equipped with a TKR-11 turbine and an 801-11 pump.
20. YaMZ-238M2 - the engine that replaced the YaMZ-238M in 1988, its environmental class is Euro 0. The engine is on the ChSDM DZ-240S, MoAZ-6442 and 6014.
21. YaMZ-238MS - option for northern latitudes.
22. YaMZ-238N - turbo engine with injection pump 804-21 and TKR 11, power 300 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 1078 Nm at 1500 rpm.
23. YaMZ-238ND3 - a turbocharged engine based on 238B, which does not have oil cooling pistons and a liquid-oil heat exchanger. The turbine TKR 11 and high pressure fuel pump 805-30 are installed here, and the motor meets the requirements of Euro 0. The motor resource of the engine is 8000 hours. Power 235 hp at 1700 rpm, torque 1108 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. There is an engine for K-700, 702, 703 and DZ-98V.
24. YaMZ-238ND4 - a turbocharged engine with a liquid-oil heat exchanger based on 238ND3. There is a high-pressure fuel pump 805-40, and the environmental class is Euro 0. It is found on K-744, K-703, KS-101, KS-104, KS-110, T15.01, T-221 and Chetra-60. The resource of the motor is 8000 hours, and its output is 250 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1108 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm.
25. YaMZ-238ND5 - turbo engine based on 238B-1. It was equipped with high pressure fuel pump 805-50, its generator, crankcase, crankshaft pulley and had a resource of 8000 hours. Motor power 300 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1280 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. They put it on the K-744R1.
26. YaMZ-238ND6 - turbo engine for Euro-1, developed on the basis of YaMZ-238DE. It differs from the parent engine in a generator, crankcase, flywheel, pump 805-60 and a resource of 10,000 hours. Power is 235 hp. at 1700 rpm, torque 1108 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. There was an engine on the K-740.
27. YaMZ-238ND7 - 250 hp version at 1900 rpm, the moment is the same. The pump 805-70 is used here, and this internal combustion engine is installed on the Kirovets and T15.01 tractors, as well as on the TG-221.
28. YaMZ-238ND8 - a model with a pump 805-80 for 300 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1280 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. This option is on Kirovets and goes to overhaul 10,000 hours.
29. YaMZ-238NP - a motor created on the basis of 238ND2 and is distinguished by a turbine nozzle and a generator.
30. YaMZ-238PM - a turbo engine with a TKR9 turbine with a power of 280 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 1029 Nm at 1500 rpm. Replaced by 238B.
31. YaMZ-238FM - the same 238PM, but with oil nozzles, power increased to 320 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 1118 Nm at 1500 rpm. The motor was replaced with a 238D.

Malfunctions YaMZ-238

1. The engine is warming up. The causes of overheating are often in a dirty radiator, pump or thermostats. Check and most likely the problem will be here. If not, then you need to look. cylinder head gasket and the condition of the heads for cracks.
2. Swim speed. The reason is the injection pump, you need to check how it is adjusted and adjust idling screw on the back. Another reason is air in the fuel system.
3. Does not develop momentum. You need to check how the pump is configured, replace filters, and look at the fuel system.
4. Twitching at low speeds. In this case, you need to start with the fuel (pump, injectors, etc.) and with the ignition.
5. Troit. Perhaps the reason is a lack of fuel and you need to pay attention to the high pressure fuel pump, to fuel filters, on nozzles or on tubes.
6. Stalls or starts and stalls. Check for air leaks, see fuel filters, pump, sometimes something extraneous could get into the tank.
7. Knocking in the engine. The reasons may be in the nozzles, pump, ignition, valves, rings, liners; You have to open up the engine and have a look.
8. Smokes:
- white smoke- perhaps you have water in the tank or coolant entering the cylinders through a gasket or cracked cylinder head.
- black smoke- you need to reduce the fuel on the injection pump using the lower power screw, most likely it is turned to the maximum.
- blue smoke You probably have an oil burn.
9. Vibration. The reasons are usually in the flywheel, in the ignition, in the engine mounts, in cardan shaft maybe the crankshaft is out of balance.
10. Won't start. The cause must be sought in the injectors and the pump.
11. Cracks in the cylinder head. Typical fault for these internal combustion engines, it is formed on the intervalve jumper, but, fortunately, this issue can be tried to be solved, there are many companies that are ready to restore the head.

Despite the long list various faults, it is very reliable and durable motor. YaMZ-238, with adequate care and maintenance, has a resource in practice of 800-900 and even 1 million km.

Engine number YaMZ-238

The number is located in the flywheel area, on the left.

Tuning YaMZ-238 engines

How to install a turbine

To convert an ordinary atmospheric 238 into a turbo, you can leave the standard pistons, you can do without oil nozzles, just put the TKR 36-87 turbine with manifolds from YaMZ-7511, make oil drain and oil supply to the turbine, put 261 sprayers, set up the injection pump and drive as is. So you can get 280-300 hp. It will even ride for years without problems, but for more high reliability it is better to replace the pistons with 238B.

Motor oils for YaMZ diesel engines

Yaroslavl Motor Plant in the middle Russian manufacturers autotractor diesel engines for more than 60 years has been a leader in the formation of the necessary requirements for motor oils.

The year 1940 was marked by the release of the YAZ-204 engine, it was at this moment that it was necessary to launch completely New Product, because cars with the new YaAZ-204 engine, even on the most the best oils without additives, they did not have time to turn out more than 160 hours! They failed after 100-150 hours of operation. coking piston rings or a complete loss of mobility - that's what was the stop of the motor. The sulfur contained in the fuel, and naturally the oxidation products of non-polymerization, formed from the oil due to exposure to high temperatures, strongly coke the piston rings in the grooves.

It is worth understanding the fact which oils form strong oil films, do not prevent coking of piston rings, do not form resinous deposits, interfere with the formation of deposits in the exhaust system, in addition, they exclude carbon deposits on candles; they do not have amazing anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties. How much oil is in the MAZ-504 YaMZ-238 engine: 240: 29.0: Engine oil tolerances: summer: M-10V2, M. Krapiva, synthetic oils. they are perfectly adapted to new types of fuel and are not environmentally friendly.

By the end of the 50s, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant was producing two diesel engines YaMZ-236 is not YaMZ-238. This YaMZ 238 turbo diesel engine has a fairly wide use of inexpensive engine oil and transmission oil. How to change the oil in Daewoo engine V Daewoo Nexia how many liters. For these engines, oils with more effective additives were useful. After new issue diesel engines YaMZ necessitated an increase in the level operating parameters motor oils used in almost all engines.

Currently, YaMZ has a standard RD 37.319.034-97, which spells out what remains to be done by our client requirements for physical and chemical operational properties engine oils used on YaMZ engines. A similar standard establishes the procedure for admitting motor oils to YaMZ engines. How much oil should be poured into a Renault gearbox. How many liters; Oil volume (l.) 1.5: SOHC: How many liters; Fluid in brake system Daewoo. For this purpose, the document also additionally spells out sets of methods for testing motor oils, which are subjected to oils of different groups.

According to the systematization of motor oils (API - South American Petroleum Institute). four groups oils YaMZ correspond to the following four classes:

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Motor oil group YaMZ-1-97 with class CC for highly accelerated engines operating in difficult conditions, naturally aspirated, in other words, moderately supercharged.

Motor oil group YaMZ-2-97 with class CD- This is a group of oils created for high-speed turbocharged diesel engines not highest power motor. Engines of this type operate at the highest pressure not high speed, therefore they require inflated antiwear additives with the qualities of preventing the formation of soot.

Motor oil group YaMZ-3-02 with class CF, corresponding environmental requirements Euro-1, applicable in off-road equipment, engines with split injection, not counting those engines running on fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%. Class oils group CF replaces class oils CD.

Motor oil group YaMZ-4-02 with class CG— 4 used on high speed engines diesel technology operating on fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. This group of motor oils for diesel engines supercharged complies with Euro-2 environmental requirements. Group oils CG-4 replace CD oils, CE Not CF-4 categories.

Ural timber carrier Changing the oil in the engine. How many liters of oil should be poured into the engine. Yamz-238 first person

Ural timber carrier, Yamz engine—238 , drain oils, washing the centrifuge, filter, etc. thermostat is not a faucet trailer.

How to change the oil on a T-150K tractor with YaMZ-236(238)

April 2014. Seasonal change oils V YaMZ engine-236 on the T-150K tractor. Oil used for replacement.

According to the Russian systematization of motor oils GOST 17479.1-85 (by designation not the level of operational parameters) used in cars, tractors, diesel locomotives, agricultural, marine, road and other equipment, the first three groups are equivalent to G2, D2 not E2.

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GOST 17479.1-85 on YaMZ engines use winter, summer not multigrade oils, viscosity grades of motor oils 8, 10 not 5z / 10, 5z / 14, 6z / 14.

Winter oil, corresponding to viscosity class 8, is used in the ambient temperature range from 15 to 10°C.

Class 10 summer oil is used in the range of 5…35°С; all-weather oils in the spectra.25…35.25…40.20…40°С, respectively.

The tests of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant for compliance with the YaMZ-1-97 motor oil group are successfully passed by non-Russian oil M-6z / 10V. How much oil you need to fill in the box How much oil you need GAS "advise. It is distinguished by its versatility, because it was created for all-weather implementation in diesel engines. gasoline engines. In most cases, it is used by owners of a mixed fleet of cars not a car fleet.

Oils such as M-8DM not M-10DM, passing tests in accordance with GOST 8581-78, are used on turbocharged engines, in naturally aspirated engines they are used with a doubled shift period. My moped: Alfa how much oil do you need to fill in the box of a moped, oil is sold. But usually in naturally aspirated diesel engines use engine oils M-8G2 is not M-10G2.

The Yaroslavl Motor Plant produces diesel engines with a power range from 110 to 588 kW. YaMZ diesel engines are installed on different cars, road non-construction equipment (tractors, dump trucks, truck cranes, excavators). How much oil is in the gearbox Volkswagen Golf II. YaMZ diesel engines are also involved in agricultural non-industrial equipment, but in total diesel YaMZ used by more than 300 different types equipment produced in our country not in the CIS countries.

We suggest that you carefully study the detailed table of recommended motor oils for YaMZ engines, which you can purchase from us. How many Horse power y Main page Oil in Hyundai engine Oil volume (l. In the assortment set, motor oils for YaMZ engines, spare parts for trucks are not big choice other different auto components that you will need for your car.

YaMZ-238D engines, as well as their modifications and equipment, comply with Euro-0 environmental standards, are designed for installation on MAZ, KrAZ, MZKT vehicles; special vehicles BAZ; skidding machine of JSC "Kurganmashzavod"; pipe-laying crane of OJSC Promtractor; track machines of JSC Kalugaputmash, JSC Kirov Machine Plant 1 May; diesel-reduced units of ZAO Tyumen-sudokomplekt.

Main characteristics

Engine type: diesel, 8-cylinder, with V-arrangement cylinders, four-stroke with compression ignition, direct injection fuel, turbocharged, liquid cooled.

The engines can be equipped with a power take-off.

Specifications

Model	YaMZ-238D	YaMZ-238D	YaMZ-238D-1	YaMZ-238D-2	YaMZ-238D-8
	V8
Cylinder diameter, mm	130
Piston stroke, mm	140
Working volume of cylinders, l	14,86
Power, kW (hp)	243 (330)
Rotation frequency, rpm	2100
	1225 (125)
	1200-1400
	208 (153)
Clutch	YaMZ-238N		—	—	—
checkpoint	—	—	—	—	—
Dimensions, mm	1440×1045×1070	1345×1045×1070	1315×1045×1070
Weight, kg	1260	1130
injection pump	806.5-40
Generator, model	1322.3771 or G273 V2	1322.3771		1702.3771
Applicability	Chassis MZKT-692378, MZKT-65168 - for spare parts; chassis MZKT-692388; dump truck MZKT-65158	Chassis MZKT-69251	Track machines VPR-02, VPRS-02 (JSC "Kalugaputmash", OJSC "Kirov Machine Plant 1 May"); cars MAZ-53363, MAZ-6303, MAZ-631705, MAZ-63035, MAZ-54323, MAZ-64229, MAZ-5552, MAZ-5516-021, MAZ-54325, MAZ-6303-026 (for spare parts); diesel-reduced units (CJSC Tyumen-sudokomplekt)	Dump trucks KrAZ-65055, KrAZ-65032, KrAZ-65032-043, KrAZ-6130S4; flatbed vehicles, chassis KrAZ-65053, KrAZ-6322; timber carriers KrAZ-64372, KrAZ-64372-045, KrAZ-6133M6; truck tractors KrAZ-5444, KrAZ-64431, KrAZ-6446	Dump truck KrAZ-7133С4; flatbed trucks, chassis KrAZ-65053, KrAZ-635133N2, KrAZ-7133N4, KrAZ-5133V2
Model	YaMZ-238D-13	YaMZ-238D-18	YaMZ-238D-19	YaMZ-238D-22	YaMZ-238D-30
Number and arrangement of cylinders	V8
Cylinder diameter, mm	130
Piston stroke, mm	140
Working volume of cylinders, l	14,86
Power, kW (hp)	243 (330)
Rotation frequency, rpm	2100
Maximum torque, N m (kgf m)	1225 (125)
Frequency at maximum torque, rpm	1200-1400
Minimum specific consumption fuel, g/kW h (g/hp h)	224 (165)*		204 (150)		208 (153)
Clutch	—	—	YaMZ-238N	YaMZ-183	YaMZ-183-10
checkpoint	—	—	YaMZ-238A6	YaMZ-238VM7	YaMZ-2381-31
Dimensions, mm	1315×1045×1130		2385×1045×1070	2190×1045×1070
Weight, kg	1130	1135	1580	1530
injection pump	806.5-40			806.16-40	806.5-40
Generator, model	6582.3701	4012.3771-86	1702.3771	1322.3771	1702.3771
Applicability	Skidder ML-107 (JSC "Kurganmashzavod")	TG-301YA pipe-laying crane (JSC Promtractor, Cheboksary)	Special vehicles BAZ-69506, BAZ-69531 (JSC BZKT, Bryansk)	Cars MAZ-53363, MAZ-6303, MAZ-631705, MAZ-63035, MAZ-54323, MAZ-64229, MAZ-5552, MAZ-5516-021, MAZ-54325, MAZ-6303-026 (in spare parts)
* Specific fuel consumption at rated power
Model	YaMZ-238D-31	YaMZ-238D-33
Number and arrangement of cylinders	V8
Cylinder diameter, mm	130
Piston stroke, mm	140
Working volume of cylinders, l	14,86
Power, kW (hp)	243 (330)
Rotation frequency, rpm	2100
Maximum torque, N m (kgf m)	1225 (125)
Frequency at maximum torque, rpm	1200-1400
Minimum specific fuel consumption, g/kW h (g/hp h)	208 (153)
Clutch	—	YaMZ-183-15
checkpoint	—	YaMZ-2381-36
Dimensions, mm	1315×1045×1070	2190×1045×1070
Weight, kg	1130	1530
injection pump	806.5-40
Generator, model	1702.3771
Applicability	KrAZ trucks: dump trucks, flatbed trucks, chassis, KrAZ 6×4, 6×6, 8×4 tractors (see YaMZ-238D-33)	KrAZ vehicles 6×4, 6×6, 8×4, incl. dump trucks KrAZ-65055.1 (2, 3), -65032.1 (2, 3, 4, 5), flatbed trucks KrAZ-65053, KrAZ-6322 "Soldat", KrAZ-5133BE, -5233BE; chassis KrAZ-6322, -63221.1 (2, 3); KrAZ 64372.1 (2) "Forester"; tractors KrAZ-6133M6, -6233M6, -64431, KrAZ-6443 "Docker", KrAZ-6446.1

Power units are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from minus 60ºС to plus 50ºС, relative humidity up to 98% at a temperature of 25ºС, air dust content up to 0.4 g/m sea ​​and overcoming passes up to 4650 m above sea level with a corresponding decrease in power and economic indicators.

Long service life and reliable performance engine depends on timely maintenance.

Maintenance work is preventive and must therefore be carried out within the stipulated time.

Daily Maintenance carried out once a day.

Maintenance after engine break-in.

The first maintenance (TO-1) is performed every 500 hours of engine operation.

The second maintenance (TO-2) is carried out after 1000 hours of engine operation.

Seasonal maintenance is carried out before winterization and during the transition to summer.

Cooling system

liquid, closed type, With forced circulation coolant

Equipped with a thermostatic device to automatically maintain the thermal mode of the engine

Water pump

Centrifugal type, belt driven

Fan

Six-bladed, gear-driven and friction clutch turning on the fan

Liquid-oil heat exchanger

Plate or tubular type. Equipped with a faucet or plug for draining the coolant

thermostats

With solid filler. Opening temperature 80ºС.

electrical equipment

Single wire circuit. Rated voltage 24V

Generator

Alternating current, with a two-strand belt drive, with a rated voltage of 28V.

The generator model is determined by the configuration.

Starting device

Electric starter model 25.3708-21 or AZF 4581 manufactured by Iskra (Slovenia), rated voltage 24 V.

It is allowed to use starter ST-142D.

To facilitate starting a cold engine, an electric torch device is provided.

Weight of unfilled power unit in delivery set, kg:

With individual cylinder heads:

Without clutch and gearbox - 1250

With clutch - 1295

With clutch and gearbox - 1685

WITH common heads cylinders:

Without clutch and gearbox

YaMZ-238BE - 1180

YaMZ-238BE2 - 1215

YaMZ-238DE - 1180

YaMZ-238DE2 - 1215

with clutch

YaMZ-238BE - 1225

YaMZ-238BE2 - 1260

YaMZ-238DE - 1225

YaMZ-238DE2 - 1260

With clutch and gearbox

YaMZ-238BE - 1580

YaMZ-238BE2 - 1615

YaMZ-238DE - 1580

YaMZ-238DE2 - 1615

Refueling capacities, l:

lubrication system - 32

cooling system without water radiator volume - 22

advance clutch injection - 0.14

	Powertrain Models
engine's type	Four-stroke, compression-ignition, turbocharged
Number of cylinders
Cylinder arrangement	V-shaped, camber angle 90º
The order of operation of the cylinders
Direction of rotation crankshaft
Cylinder diameter, mm
Piston stroke, mm
Working volume, l
Compression ratio
Rated power, kW (hp)
Speed at rated power, min -1
Maximum torque, N m (kgf m)
Rotational speed at maximum torque, min -1
Rotation frequency idle move, min -1: Maximum, no more Minimum
Specific fuel consumption By speed characteristic, g/kW h (g/hp h): Minimum At rated power
Specific oil consumption for waste in % of fuel consumption, no more
Mixing method	direct injection
The combustion chamber	Undivided type in the piston
Camshaft	One for both rows of gear driven cylinders
Valve timing: intake valves Opening, hail. up to TDC Closing, hail. after BMT exhaust valves Opening, hail. to BDC Closing, hail. after TDC
Number of valves per cylinder	One intake and one exhaust
Thermal valve clearances on a cold engine, mm
Lubrication system Mixed, with oil cooling in a liquid-oil heat exchanger: The crankshaft bearings are lubricated under pressure, camshaft, pushers, rocker axles, spherical surfaces push rods, fuel pump high pressure, turbocharger. The rest of the rubbing surfaces are lubricated by spraying.
Oil pump gear type, single section
Oil pressure on a warm engine in the block line, kPa (kgf / cm 2): At rated speed At minimum speed, not less than	400 - 700 (4 - 7)
Oil filters Two: full-flow cleaning filter with filter element and centrifugal cleaning filter
Oil cooling system With liquid-oil heat exchanger, which is mounted on the engine block on the left
Oil pressure for opening the valves of the lubrication system, kPa (kgf / cm 2): Oil pump pressure reducing valve Differential valve Oil filter bypass valve	700 - 800 (7,0 – 8,0) 490 - 520 (4,9 - 5,2) 200 - 250 (2,0 - 2,5)
Fuel supply system	split type
High pressure fuel pump (TNVD) with a regulator and fuel pump	Eight-section, plunger, spool-type plungers: Plunger diameter 10 mm, plunger stroke 11 mm - YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE; Plunger diameter 12 mm, plunger stroke 14 mm - YaMZ-238BE2, YaMZ-238DE2

Main parameters and characteristics
High pressure fuel pump model			(238DE-1,-5,-10,-11)	(238DE2, -1, -3, -5, -8, -11)
The order of operation of the sections of the fuel pump
Speed ​​controller	Centrifugal, all-mode
Fuel pump	Piston with manual fuel pump
nozzles	Closed type with multi-hole nozzles: 261.1112010-11 on YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE engines; 267.1112010-02 or 204.1112010-50.01 on YaMZ-238BE2 engines, YaMZ-238DE2 with common cylinder heads; 51.1112010-01 on YaMZ-238DE2 engines with individual heads
Injector injection start pressure, MPa (kgf / cm 2)	20,6+0,8 (210+8) - 261.1112010-11 26.5+0.8 (270+8) - 267.1112010-02 and 26.5+1.2 (270+12) - 204.1112010-50.01 26,5+1,2 (270+12) - 51.1112010-01
Adjustable fuel injection advance angle	It is installed according to the marks on the flywheel and the injection pump housing and is: 13º±1 - on YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE engines; 6º ± 1 - on YaMZ-238BE2, YaMZ-238DE2 engines with common heads; 8º±1 - on YaMZ-238DE2 engines with individual heads
Fuel filters: coarse cleaning fine cleaning	With replaceable element (YaMZ-238BE, DE), sump (YaMZ-238BE2, DE2). With replaceable filter element. On the cover is a bypass valve-jet. Opening pressure of the jet valve 20 ... 40 (0.2 ... 0.4) kPa (kgf / cm 2)
Pressurization system	Gas turbine, one turbocharger, with radial centripetal turbine and centrifugal compressor
Turbocharger (TKR)	Model 122 or TKR 100*
Boost pressure (overpressure) at nominal operation, kPa (kgf / cm 2)

* - the turbocharger is similar in design to the TKR model 122

YaMZ engines are produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. They are used on the overall trucks KRAZ, MAZ, MZKT, and on construction equipment and taps.

A variety of the number of models and modifications ensures high performance of equipment in any operating conditions. According to its design and principle of operation, the engine meets environmental international Euro-0 standards.

1 Description of the design and features of the YaMZ engine

A series of YaMZ four-stroke diesel engines is represented by two models YaMZ 236 and YaMZ 238. The first unit is equipped with six cylinders. The second model has eight cylinders. Both versions have fluid system cooling.

1.2 Performance characteristics of the YaMZ 238 engine

By their own technical specifications YaMZ 238 is ahead of many manufacturers. The working qualities of the motor are as follows:

• the working volume of the motor cavity is 14,866 cm 3;
• torque reaches 31 rpm (maximum speed - 2100 rpm);
• the power range of the unit is 235-420 horsepower / 220 kW;
• the diameter of the used cylinders is 130 mm;
• the piston stroke in the cylinder is 140 mm;
• the standard assembly is designed for a mileage of 800 thousand kilometers without repair and replacement of components;
• optimal fuel consumption is 175 g / hp per hour;
• the mass of the device is 1050 - 1120 kg (depending on the modification);
• the volume of the water cooling system is 44.5 l;
• volume lubrication system- 32 l.

The motor is equipped with a YaMZ double-disk clutch, equipped with a special torsional vibration damper. Clutch type - dry, diaphragm with a pull-out principle of operation. The diameter of the discs is 400 mm.

2 The main modifications of the YaMZ 238 motor

Model 238 is the founder of a number of modifications and configurations that are designed to work in various climatic conditions, at varying degrees the complexity of the work. Also, the distribution takes place depending on the characteristics of the equipment for which the modification is designed.

The main engine options are:

1. YaMZ 238. Is standard equipment motor.
2. YaMZ 238 Turbo. The engine is distinguished by a gas blower system, which allows you to more efficiently cool the working units. It also differs from the standard model in the parameters of the valves and the fuel pump.
3. YaMZ 238m2. Differs in reduction of fuel consumption. This figure for the 238m2 model is 157 g / hp per hour. Applicable to railway vehicles construction machines and cranes, for forage harvesters.
4. YaMZ 238nd5. The engine is also equipped with a turbocharging system and can be equipped with a power take-off. The installation of the motor is done mainly on the tractor. Can be used with ZIL 4331.
5. YaMZ 238 de. Applies exclusively to car engines. The filtering mechanism has been improved, which allows you to work in polluted conditions.
6. YaMZ 238 Euro-2. Features an improved fuel pump.

2.1 Main engine problems and their solution

In terms of its wear resistance and build quality, YaMZ 238 takes quite high level. But, with excessive loads on the equipment and violation of the operating rules, problems may arise in the operation of the motor.

For example, the incorrect position of the valves of the engine cylinders. The optimal valve clearance is in the range of 0.25-0.30 mm. If such a gap is increased or, on the contrary, smaller, the valves need to be adjusted.

The adjustment procedure is as follows:

• first of all, power device cools down to 20 degrees;
• the valve cover is removed;
• timing tightening is checked;
• then the clamp of the nut at the far end of the rocker is loosened;
• a rod with a thickness of 0.25 - 0.3 mm is inserted between the lever and the surface of the piston;
• the screw of the lever is tightened with a screwdriver until it comes into contact with the rod;
• then you need to carefully tighten the nut on the rocker arm (so as not to turn the screw);
• the set clearance is measured again.

The valves are adjusted in the order 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8. One full turn of the screw is 360 degrees. When adjusting, it is necessary to accurately fix the angle of rotation for each adjustable valve according to this indicator.

To less serious problems relate:

1. Clogged fuel line and fuel intake. The system is removed from the motor and thoroughly blown/washed.
2. Fuel filters are clogged. A replacement is made for a new one (in extreme cases, cleaning the old one).
3. Fuel pump failure. Replace the spare part with a new one.
4. Clogged injectors with a violation of the fuel supply. Clean nozzles and adjust correctly. At YaMZ 238, adjustment is carried out in the workshop.
5. Piston rings wear out. Purchase and replacement of compression rings with new ones.
6. Manometer failure. Either repair in the workshop, or buy a new one.