TO category:
Working on a tractor
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About the rules of the road on a tractor
General information
The tractor in its technical and economic indicators differs little from the car. On a tractor, like a car, they drive on roads common use. Therefore, the tractor driver must know and steadily comply with the "Rules of the Road".
The first section of the "Rules of the Road" clearly defines the terminology. Let's take some concepts as an example.
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A driver is a person who drives a vehicle.
Advantage - the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.
Give way (do not obstruct) - a requirement that a road user must not resume or continue driving, perform any maneuver, if this may force another road user to change direction or speed.
Stop - a deliberate cessation of the movement of a vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or for unloading or loading a vehicle.
Parking - stopping the movement of a vehicle for more than 5 minutes, if this is not related to the boarding or disembarkation of passengers or unloading or loading the vehicle.
Forced stop - the cessation of the movement of the vehicle due to its technical malfunction or the danger created by the transported cargo, the driver's condition.
Overtaking - the advance of one or more vehicles associated with the exit to the lane (side of the carriageway) of oncoming traffic and the subsequent return to the previously occupied lane (side of the carriageway).
General duties of a driver
Before leaving, the tractor driver is obliged to check the serviceability and completeness of his machine, as well as the presence of fuel, oil and coolant. He must have with him a certificate for the right to drive a tractor, a registration document for the tractor, a waybill4 of the appropriate sample and a document for the transported cargo.
The waybill and registration document should be presented at the request of Gosseltekhnadzor engineers-inspectors, police officers, freelance inspectors, military traffic inspectors, vigilantes and workers railway crossings.
The operation of tractors without a technical certificate is prohibited.
A tractor driver leaving for field, reclamation work on the territory of his collective farm or state farm must have a formalized work order with him, which indicates the area of \u200b\u200bwork.
When transporting any goods, the driver is issued a bill of lading or a document replacing it.
The tractor driver does not have the right to transfer control of the tractor to anyone, even to persons who have the right to drive tractors, if their names are not indicated in the waybill or work order.
When the tractor is moving in a column during daylight hours, the dipped headlights must be switched on. If the tractor driver turned out to be a participant traffic accident, then he is obliged to immediately stop his tractor (regardless of whose fault the accident occurred and what its results are), turn on the emergency light signaling, and in its absence, put a sign emergency stop and do not move the tractor and other objects related to the incident. Further, he is obliged to provide assistance to the victims, report the incident to the nearest police officer and wait for the arrival of police officers or investigating authorities, and only after their permission to continue moving, and if this is not possible, then take measures to deliver the tractor to the base.
It is absolutely unacceptable to leave the scene of the incident without providing assistance to the victims and without finding out the reasons in the prescribed manner.
Road and road markings
A road is any road, street, alley, etc. used for traffic over its entire width (including sidewalks, embankments and medians). It consists of three main elements: the roadway, roadsides and ditches. For the construction of a suburban road, a strip is allocated, called the right of way.
The carriageway is a part of the road intended for the movement of vehicles. The road may have several carriageways, the boundaries of which are the dividing lanes. The tram track is considered to be the boundary of the carriageway intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.
Traffic lane - any longitudinal strip of a tricycle part, marked or not marked by means of markings and having a width sufficient for movement in one row of motor vehicles.
A highway is a complex and very expensive engineering structure, therefore all road users, and especially tractor drivers, who drive very heavy vehicles, often with a wide variety of trailers, must exercise great care, trying in no case to damage pavement, as well as roadsides and ditches located along the edges of the road.
Rice. 112. Horizontal road markings:
a, b, c and d - options.
In order to improve the organization of traffic on highways, horizontal and vertical marking- lines and inscriptions and other designations applied on the carriageway, curbs and other road elements and road structures (bridges, tunnels, etc.).
Marking is carried out with paints, as well as thermoplastic masses white color except three lines yellow color: 1.4; 1.10; 1.17.
Horizontal markings are performed with various lines, indicated in the standard by numbers from 1.1 to 1.23 (where 1 is the horizontal markings, and the second number after the dot indicates the serial number of the markings in the group).
Among the marking lines used, consider the following.
A narrow solid line 1.1 (Fig. 112, a) separates traffic flows opposite directions, marking the boundaries of traffic lanes in dangerous places on the roads, etc.
It is forbidden to cross this line, except when line 1.1 marks the edge of the carriageway.
A narrow broken line 1.5 serves to separate traffic flows, it is allowed to cross such a line from any direction.
The narrow broken line 1.6 indicates the approach to the solid line 1.1. Crossing this line is allowed from both sides.
Two parallel narrow lines, of which one is solid, the other is broken 1.11 (Fig. 112.6), serve to separate traffic flows in opposite directions and designate lanes in passing direction. It is allowed to cross these lines only from the side of the broken line.
Double solid line 1.3 (Fig. 112, c) separates traffic flows in opposite directions with four lanes or multilane traffic in both directions; crossing the line is prohibited.
The narrow yellow line 1.4 indicates that it is prohibited to stop at this place.
The transverse solid line 1.12 (Fig. 112, d) indicates the place where vehicles stop - the stop line in front of the intersection.
Pointer arrows 1.18 show the direction of movement along the lanes.
Vertical marking indicates the surfaces of road structures: bridge supports, the lower edge of the span of bridges and overpasses, round bollards, signal posts, side surfaces of road barriers on small radius curves, side surfaces of road barriers in other areas, etc.
Vertical markings are applied in black and white stripes. Many markings on road sections that do not have artificial lighting are supplemented with reflective materials and retroreflectors.
There are cases when the meaning of the marking lines contradicts the road signs installed in this place. In this case, the tractor driver must follow the instructions of the road sign.
Road signs
Road signs - the most common and sufficient effective means movement organization.
All road signs are divided into seven groups: warning; priority; forbidding; prescriptive; information-indicative; service; additional information(plates). All signs are assigned a corresponding number. It consists of the number of the group, the ordinal number of the sign in the group, the ordinal number of the variety (if any), separated by dots.
Each group of signs differs in shape, color, size and designation.
For the visibility of signs in the dark, internal lighting is used, as well as reflective and luminescent Devices.
The tractor driver must know the meaning of all road signs. Below is given short description each group of signs most important for tractor operators in terms of ensuring traffic safety.
Warning signs are designed to alert drivers to dangerous places on the way.
This group includes 43 predominantly triangular signs with a red border and a yellow or white field, on which the symbol of the sign is depicted in black.
Warning signs are placed in front of dangerous sections of the road, outside settlements for 150…300 m, and in populated areas - for 50…100 m. A number of signs outside populated areas, such as 1.1; 1.2; 1.9; 1.10; 1.21 and 1.23 are repeated. The second sign is placed at a distance of at least 50 m from the beginning dangerous area.
In some cases, signs may be located at other distances from the dangerous section of the road, in which case this distance is indicated on a plate attached under the sign.
Consider what should be the procedure for the tractor driver when meeting with some warning signs in order to ensure traffic safety.
Rice. 113. The use of warning signs: a, b. c and d - options.
1.6. "Intersection of equivalent roads" (Fig. 113, a). This sign warns the driver that there is an intersection with an equivalent road ahead.
Approaching such an intersection, the tractor driver must reduce the speed of movement, be ready to immediately stop his tractor if the movement through the intersection is difficult for any reason, let the transport approaching from the right pass (paragraph 15.2 of the "Rules of the Road"), and only after that pass the intersection in the right direction.
1.13. “Steep descent” (Fig. 113, b) - the sign informs the driver that there is a slope ahead with a slope, the value of which is indicated on the sign as a percentage, for example 10%.
On steep descent it is much more difficult to stop the tractor than on a level section of the track, since the effect of the tractor's gravity increases it braking distances. On the slope of the road, in front of which sign 1.13 is installed, where oncoming traffic is difficult, the driver of a tractor moving downhill (on a descent) must give way to a vehicle moving uphill.
On the downhill slope, the tractor driver must drive his tractor in low gear with reduced fuel supply and as accurately as possible on the right side of the carriageway.
1.14. “Steep climb” (Fig. 113, b) - the sign warns the tractor driver that he must drive his tractor on the rise, as a rule, without stopping, for which, at the beginning of the rise, he should choose one of low gears, which would ensure the implementation of such a movement. And in the event of a stop, the tractor driver must hold the tractor in this position with the brakes, without rolling back.
1.2. "Railway crossing without a barrier" (Fig. 113, c). Railroad crossings are especially dangerous because they can collide with trains. For a more reliable warning of vehicle drivers outside settlements, sign 1.2 is duplicated, i.e. set two signs. In addition, in addition to them, signs 1.4.3 and 1.4.1 are placed under signs 1.2 and in the middle between them is sign 1.4.2.
1.18.1 "Narrowing of the road". This sign warns drivers that the carriageway ahead is narrowed (exit to the bridge, road repair, etc.). On such a section of the road, the tractor driver must be especially careful, reduce the speed of movement and correctly pass the narrowed place.
1.19. “Two-way traffic” (Fig. 113, d) - the sign shows a section of the road (carriageway) with oncoming traffic, which was preceded by a section of the road (carriageway) with one-way traffic.
At the same time, the tractor driver must reduce his speed significantly and keep his tractor closer to the edge of the road in order to clear the way for oncoming traffic.
Priority signs are used to prioritize crossings or narrow sections of roads where simultaneous movement in both directions is not possible. This group includes nine characters that have different shape and coloration.
Rice. 114. The use of priority signs: a, b, c and d - options.
Priority signs are placed: 2.1 and 2.2, respectively, at the beginning and end of the main road. Sign 2.1 may be repeated before intersections. Signs 2.3.1 ... 2.3.3 are installed outside settlements at a distance of 150 ... 300 m, and in settlements - 50 ... 100 m from intersections. Signs 2.4 and 2.5 - just before the intersection, and 2.6 and 2.7 - in front of a narrow section of the road.
Consider the necessary actions of the tractor driver when meeting with some signs of priority.
2.1. "The main road". This sign informs the driver that he is entering the main road in relation to everyone crossing it. Moving from the place of installation of the sign on this section, drivers have the right of way at all intersections in relation to any vehicle leaving the side road.
Sign 2.1 may be repeated before intersections to confirm the right of way. In places where the main road changes its direction, sign 2.1 is supplemented with a sign, for example, as shown in Figure 114, a.
Thus, in the situation shown in this figure, the tractor must pass first, and then a car.
2.3.1. “Intersection with a secondary road” - the sign warns the driver that the road on which he is traveling is the main one and at this intersection he has the right of way. However, when approaching such an intersection (Fig. 114, b), the tractor driver, although he has the right of priority, must at the same time exercise increased caution so that if circumstances arise that impede the passage of the intersection, you can immediately stop the tractor. In this situation, the tractor passes first, and the bus second.
2.4. “Give way” - a sign obliges drivers of vehicles entering or crossing a main road to first give way to vehicles moving along main road. So, in Figure 114, a and b, a car and a bus can go to the intersection only after the tractors have passed.
2.5. “Movement without stopping is prohibited” - the sign obliges drivers to stop at the place where it is installed (even if nothing interferes with movement), let vehicles pass that impede further movement, and only after that continue driving.
Thus, in the situation shown in Figure 114, c, the car passes first, the tractor stops and only after the car passes does it start moving.
2.6. "The advantage of oncoming traffic". Approaching such a sign, the driver must give way to oncoming traffic and only after that start his movement. So, the driver of a car (Fig. 114, d) is obliged to let the tractor pass, and then go further.
2.7. "Advantage over oncoming traffic m". This sign gives priority to vehicles passing through a bottleneck over oncoming vehicles. Knowing this, the tractor driver (Fig. 114, d) is the first to pass through the bottleneck.
Prohibition signs prohibit the driver from certain actions. All of them have the shape of a circle, bordered by a red stripe, except for signs 3.21, 3.23, 3.25 and 3.31. The background of the signs is yellow or white, while signs 3.27, 3.28, 3.29 and 3.30 are blue. There are 33 signs in the group.
Prohibition signs are installed directly in front of road sections on which restrictions are introduced or canceled.
Signs 3.18.1 and 3.18.2 apply to the intersection of the carriageways in front of which they are placed, and signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26 ... intersections - to the end of the settlement.
Signs 3.10, 3.27 ... 3.30 are valid only on the side of the road on which they are located.
Consider some examples of the action of prohibition signs, shown in Figure 115.
3.1. “Entry is prohibited” - the sign prohibits the entry of all vehicles into the road section, including the tractor shown in Figure 115, a. You can drive up to the object located behind the sign from the side passages or from the opposite side.
Rice. 116. Examples of the operation of prescriptive signs:
a, b, c and d - options.
4.3. "Circular motion" (Fig. 116, d). Movement is allowed only in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Information and indication signs introduce a certain mode of movement, report on the features road conditions and the location of various objects along the route.
This group includes 64 characters rectangular shape. They are installed on highways (have a green background), on any other road outside settlements - blue and on the streets of settlements - white.
Service signs inform about the location on the track or in the immediate vicinity of various objects.
There are twelve characters in the service group. They are made in the form of rectangles. of blue color, in the middle part of which symbols are depicted in black paint explaining their purpose. The exception is signs indicating medical institutions, which are marked with a red cross.
Service signs are located directly at the objects they designate or in advance with an indication of the distance to the object at the bottom of the sign.
Signs can also be located at turns to objects. In this case, the direction is indicated by an arrow at the bottom.
Signs of additional information (tablets) serve to clarify or limit the effect of signs of other groups, i.e. they are not used independently, but only in combination with other signs.
Rice. 117. Application of signs of additional information (tablets):
a, b, c and d - options.
The plates are placed directly below the signs. The exception is plates 7.2.2…7.2.4 (sign coverage area) when they are used with a sign prohibiting stopping or parking. In this case, if the sign is placed above carriageway or hung on a cantilever, the sign must be placed on the side so that the sign itself is closer to the middle of the roadway.
All plates have a white field with black or red characters.
Figure 117 shows examples of the use of additional information signs.
7.1.1. "Distance to the object" (Fig. 117, a). The sign indicates that sign 1.6 is installed 200 m from the road junction.
7.2.2. "Zone of action". As shown in Figure 117.6, parking is allowed within 10 M from the place where the sign was installed.
7.3.2. "Direction of action" (Fig. 117, c). The plate shows that the effect of the sign 3.2 applies to the left street adjacent to the road on which the sign is installed.
7.5.5. "Time of action" (Fig. 117, d). In this case, it can be seen that sign 3.27 is valid only on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays from 8.00 to 17.30, and the rest of the time it is closed.
Traffic signals
Traffic is regulated by traffic signals, hand gestures, or the position of the body of the traffic controller.
Traffic lights. The main type of traffic light used to regulate the sequence of traffic at intersections is a three-section one with red at the top, yellow in the middle and green at the bottom.
Green round signal permits movement.
A green signal in the form of an arrow(s) on a black background permits movement in the indicated directions. This signal has the same meaning in additional sections.
A yellow signal prohibits movement and warns of an upcoming signal change.
A yellow flashing signal or two alternately flashing yellow signals allow traffic and inform about the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing.
A red signal, including a flashing one, or two alternately flashing red signals prohibit movement.
Red and yellow signals turned on at the same time prohibit movement and inform about the upcoming green signal.
If traffic lights are made in the form of a silhouette of a person, then their effect applies only to pedestrians.
Regulator signals. The traffic controller regulates traffic with hand gestures and the position of his body, which may be as follows.
The traffic controller raised his hand up (Fig. 118, b) - the movement of vehicles and pedestrians in all directions is prohibited. Drivers who were unable to stop their vehicles may continue further movement through the intersection.
The traffic controller, standing at the crossroads, extended his right hand forward (Fig. 118, c). Movement from the back and right side of all vehicles is prohibited.
From the side of the chest, turning to the right is allowed, from the side of the left side, movement in all directions is allowed.
The traffic controller, standing on the road, extended his right hand forward (Fig. 118, d) - to the tractor driver and the driver of the truck, located from the side outstretched hand, Movement Prohibition. Drivers of a tractor and a passenger car moving towards them can continue to move without stopping.
If the signals of the traffic controller contradict traffic signals, road signs and street markings, then drivers must be guided by the signals of the traffic controller.
The order of movement of tractors according to highways
Wheeled agricultural tractors on multi-lane roads must move in the extreme right lane. Movement caterpillar tractors on paved roads is prohibited.
warning signals. Before starting to move, stopping, changing lanes or before turning the tractor, the tractor driver is obliged to give a signal in advance of the start of the maneuver so that other participants in the movement who are in the immediate vicinity can take appropriate measures.
Signals can be given by light indications, and if they are absent or they are faulty, then by hand.
Before braking (Fig. 119, a) - raise your hand or, at the beginning of braking, automatically turn on the braking signal.
Before turning to the left (Fig. 119, b) - extend the right arm, bent at the elbow up, to the side, or turn on the flashing signal of the left turn.
Before turning right (Fig. 119, c) - stretch your right hand to the right or turn on the flashing right turn signal.
Additional warning signal when overtaking or warning an absent-minded pedestrian, sound signals can be used. It must be remembered that the supply of sound signals in settlements is prohibited.
Twists and turns. Before turning right, you need to take the far right in advance, and to the left - the far left lane on the carriageway.
Turning to the left (or turning around), the tractor driver must give way to all oncoming traffic and the passing tram, and only after the road is clear, make a turn.
It should be borne in mind that U-turns are prohibited at marked crossings, railway crossings, bridges, tunnels and on road sections outside settlements with limited visibility (less than 100 m in each direction), closer than 15 m from intersections and at unregulated intersections, if one-way traffic is organized on the intersecting road.
Stopping and parking are prohibited: on the left side of the road, except for roads in settlements with one-way traffic, if there is a sidewalk on the left side and roads with one lane in each direction that do not have tram tracks in the middle of the road; at railway crossings, in tunnels and under overpasses, bridges or overpasses; in places where the distance between a solid marking line and a stopped vehicle is less than 3 m; at pedestrian crossings and closer than 5 m in front of them; at intersections and closer than 5 m from the edge of the crossed carriageways, except for the opposite side side passage at three-way intersections with a continuous marking line in places where the vehicle will block traffic lights or road signs from other drivers.
Parking is prohibited where stopping is prohibited, as well as closer than 100 m from railway crossings, outside settlements in places with visibility less than 100 m in each direction, in places where a stopped tractor creates an obstacle to the movement of other vehicles or pedestrians.
In case of a forced stop in places where stopping and parking are prohibited, or in those conditions when a stopped vehicle cannot be noticed by other drivers in a timely manner, the tractor driver must put up an emergency stop sign at a distance of 25 ... 30 m behind the tractor (Fig. 120).
Rice. 119. Driver signals:
a - stop braking; b - turn left; c - turn right.
Rice. 120. Forced stop of the tractor.
Rice. 121. Special cases of movement: a - oncoming traffic on a road slope; 6 oncoming traffic when avoiding an obstacle.
Special driving conditions. Let's consider some cases.
On mountain roads, where oncoming traffic is difficult, the driver of a truck (Fig. 121, a) moving downhill must give way to a tractor moving uphill. This is how all road users should act in such cases.
When driving around an obstacle, vehicles moving on the free side have the right to move first. So, the tractor driver (Fig. 121, b) must let the bus moving along the free side pass, and only after that pass.
Movement of tractors with trailers and connected to them machines and rudiya, as well as self-propelled harvesters on the highway. When driving these vehicles on roads where it is impossible to overtake other vehicles, drivers of tractors or combine harvesters must press their vehicles as close as possible to the right side of the road, and if overtaking is still impossible, then pull over to the side of the road, stop, let them pass car and then continue driving.
The movement of tractors and self-propelled vehicles on highways column. When driving on roads outside built-up areas, vehicles that cannot reach speeds of more than 50 km / h, as well as vehicles gross weight more than 12 tons, they must maintain such a distance between themselves that vehicles overtaking them can change lanes without interference to the right side of the road.
Passage of unregulated intersections
Crossroads - a place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, the opposite beginnings of the curvature of the carriageway.
An unregulated intersection is one where there is no traffic controller or traffic light. A yellow flashing signal of any type at an intersection does not make it regulated.
At such intersections, drivers themselves must determine the order of passage, using the following rules.
At the intersection of equivalent roads, tractor and car drivers must give way to vehicles approaching from the right.
When driving on unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along secondary road must give way to vehicles moving on the main road.
Rice. 122. Schemes of the order of passage of unregulated intersections: a, b, c and d - options.
Main road - a paved road in relation to a dirt road or a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1., 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 5.1 in relation to the crossing road. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal to the crossed one.
So, for example, in the situation shown in Figure 122, a, the tractor passes first, since it is located to the right of the bus. At the same time, the truck driver (Fig. 122, - b), although located to the right of the tractor, but since he is on a secondary road, gives priority to the tractor moving along the main road.
When passing a four-way intersection (Fig. 122, c) of equivalent roads, the tractor passes first, as having no interference on the right, then freight car and lastly, a horse-drawn carriage.
When passing through squares and intersections with a designated center (Fig. 122, d), the “interference on the right” rule remains in effect. Therefore, the tractor that does not have interference on the right passes first, then the passenger car leaving the left street, and the last car passing through the intersection is the passenger car that first entered the intersection from the right street.
Passage of railway crossings
A railroad crossing is any crossing of a road with railroad tracks on the same level.
Railroad crossings are especially dangerous places on the roads, and drivers are required to strictly observe the rules and precautions when traveling through railroad tracks.
Tractor drivers should be aware that if the tracks are not correctly driven, they can be damaged or the rails can shift, which in turn can lead to an accident.
It is forbidden to cross paths railway outside crossings, no matter how these intersections are equipped. At crossings with a barrier, drivers are obliged to accurately and unconditionally follow the instructions of the duty officer for the crossing and the signals of the crossing traffic lights.
It is forbidden to unauthorizedly open the barrier or start moving through the crossing when the traffic lights are on.
If a traffic jam has formed at the crossing (Fig. 123, a), then it is forbidden to enter if the barrier is open.
Vehicles at the railway crossing must stop in one row. The first car is at a distance of 10 m from the nearest rail (Fig. 123, b), or 5 m before the barrier at a guarded crossing.
To avoid damage railway track, contact network or crossing equipment, trailed or mounted vehicles must be transported through crossings only in transport position and do not enter the crossing with pubescent working bodies (Fig. 123, d), as well as with bulky agricultural machines or loads that have a height of more than 4.5 m or a width of more than 5 m. roads.
Rice. 123. Crossing railway crossings:
a - traffic jam at the crossing; b-stop near an unguarded crossing; c - the tractor engine stalled at the crossing; d - the movement of the tractor with the seeder through the crossing.
To ensure complete safety, overtaking is prohibited at a railway crossing closer than 100 m, as well as parking.
A particular danger arises in the event of a forced stop of the tractor at the crossing.
If such a stop occurs, then the tractor driver must immediately take all measures to remove the tractor from the crossing, and send the accompanying person 1000 m away from the crossing to signal the train to stop (Fig. 123, c). The tractor driver himself must remain near the tractor and try to remove it from the crossing. If the engine does not start, then it is necessary to turn on the decompressor and in 1st gear by turning on the starter or starting motor, remove the tractor or, using the start handle manually, try to move it with a tug of another tractor or car that has arrived. At the same time, the tractor driver must give a general alarm - one long and three short beeps. When a train appears, you need to run towards it, giving a stop signal: with a circular motion of your hand with a patch of bright matter - during the day and a torch or lantern - at night.
Responsibility for misuse vehicles and for traffic violations
All work on the tractor can only be carried out by order of officials and must be documented with the appropriate documents. It is forbidden to arbitrarily use the tractor, especially for selfish purposes, for which the tractor driver is punished.
Unauthorized use for mercenary purposes of vehicles, machines or mechanisms belonging to enterprises, institutions, organizations, entails the imposition of an administrative penalty in the form of a fine on citizens in the amount of up to one hundred rubles and on officials - up to two hundred rubles, and on drivers of vehicles - in the amount of up to one hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a period of up to one year with compensation for property damage.
The tractor driver is obliged to strictly comply with all the requirements of the Rules of the Road, the violation of which is liable.
So, specific types of violations for which the driver can be subjected to appropriate punishment are identified. The most dangerous violations include: exceeding the established speed limit; disobedience to traffic control signals; failure to comply with the requirements of road signs or road markings; violation of the rules for transporting people, overtaking, maneuvering, driving through intersections and pedestrian crossings, public transport stops; violation of the terms of use lighting fixtures or failure to provide unimpeded passage to vehicles enjoying the right of way (vehicles that give special sound or flashing light signals or are accompanied by patrol cars or motorcycles of the State traffic inspectorate); transfer of control to persons who do not have the right to drive a vehicle.
For violation of at least one of the above rules, the driver may receive a warning or be subject to a fine in the amount of three to ten rubles. For a similar repeated violation during the year, the fine is increased to 50 rubles.
For those drivers who deliberately and repeatedly violate the Rules, more stringent administrative sanctions are provided. Increased responsibility for driving a vehicle while intoxicated. The amount of the fine levied on such violators has been increased to 100 rubles. Failure to pass the examination entails a fine of up to one hundred rubles or
deprivation of the driver's license to drive a vehicle for up to one year.
Responsibility of officials releasing vehicles on the line in the presence of technical malfunctions has been strengthened (a fine of up to 50 rubles).
Drivers for driving cars, tractors and other self-propelled machines, trams and trolleybuses, as well as motorcycles and other motor vehicles in a state of intoxication, as well as for the transfer of control of a vehicle to a person in a state of intoxication, are subject to an administrative penalty in the form of a fine of one hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a period of one year to three years. Drivers who have the right to drive several types of vehicles are deprived of the right to drive all types of vehicles for committing these listed violations.
Driving vehicles by a person in a state of intoxication, committed repeatedly within a year, entails criminal liability and is punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to one year, or correctional labor for a term of up to two years, or a fine of three hundred rubles, with deprivation of the driver of the right to drive vehicles for a period of three to five years.
The same action, committed by a person previously convicted of a crime, entails criminal liability and is punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to three years, with deprivation of the driver's right to drive vehicles for a term of up to five years.
Many business leaders and employees themselves do not always understand what the main categories of self-propelled vehicles include, what certificates are required to drive vehicles.
The article provides all the necessary information on this issue.
Important points on self-propelled machines
You need to know what categories self-propelled vehicles are divided into and what rights you need to get. The level of security in companies and organizations depends on this.
To drive such vehicles, you need to obtain special certificates.
Traffic police officers driving self-propelled vehicles on inappropriate rights qualifies as driving without a certificate. Responsibility for violation of this rule can be not only administrative, but even criminal.
With sufficiently serious violations, not only the perpetrators of the violation and crime, but also the heads of the companies in which they work, can be held accountable.
Punishments are imposed on them for the reason that they allowed the control of equipment by people who do not have the right and proper skills to do so.
Understanding the main categories of self-propelled machines, as well as the certificates required to drive them, is not difficult. In this case, it is necessary to take Decree No. 796 of July 12, 1999 as a basis.
It presents to attention information related to the management of machines and the issuance of intended for this process certificates.
A document that allows you to manage self-propelled vehicle and issued to the driver, is called in 2019, as before, the rights of a tractor driver-driver.
The received certificate of the tractor driver-machinist may contain records of certain categories modern technology. Each item in the classification of self-propelled vehicles by category must be considered in more detail.
Category A - these are modern motor vehicles that are not intended for movement on public highways or have a maximum speed level not exceeding 50 km / h.
This includes vehicles such as:
- I stands for motorcycle off-road vehicles – snowmobiles and ATVs.
- II - automobile off-road vehicles with a permitted weight of up to 3.5 thousand kg and the number of passenger seats not more than eight. This sub-category includes swamp vehicles, side-by-side vehicles and usually with a body.
- III is a special category off-road vehicles with a permitted mass of more than 3.5 tons. An all-terrain vehicle or a dump truck of the Ural-Polyarnik brand can be cited as an example of these vehicles.
- IV - off-road vehicles that are designed to carry passengers, as well as having, in addition to driver's seat more than eight seats. An example here would be an apron airport bus.
Category B is wheeled and tracked vehicles, with engines whose power does not exceed 25.7 kW.
These vehicles can be completely different - gasoline, diesel, and also electric.
Drivers electric forklifts you will need to obtain a tractor driver’s license, category B and a special mark “forklift driver” must be open.
This category includes special wheeled vehicles, the engine of which ranges from 25.7 to 110.3 kW in terms of power. This category of vehicles is the most popular.
It may include:
- Fork diesel loaders.
- Bucket loaders.
- Mini versions of the Bobcat.
- Some models of "Amkord".
In a driver's license for this category, you can find such marks as a tractor driver, a loader driver and an excavator driver.
If you are interested in what category tractors and other self-propelled machines belong to, then this is just category C.
Category D
This category includes special wheeled vehicles equipped with engines with a power above 110.3 kW. These are quite powerful front loaders like Dresta, Volvo, Caterpillar.
Also here you can include cars designed for the transportation of sea containers. The certificate may contain marks characteristic of category C.
Category E
These are special tracked vehicles equipped with an engine whose power exceeds 25.7 kW. IN driving licenses this category is marked "tractor driver" or "excavator driver".
Category F
To obtain all the categories of rights listed above, the driver must meet certain requirements.
To be admitted to the exams you will need:
- Complete specialized training and receive professional basic or additional education. Programs are being studied that are directly or indirectly related to the management of self-propelled vehicles of the listed categories. After completing the course, you will be issued with an appropriate certificate of qualification.
- Pass a special medical examination to obtain a medical certificate. The document must confirm the complete absence of medical contraindications for driving self-propelled vehicles.
- Category A I - from 16 years;
- Category A II - from 19 years old, 12 months of experience in automotive category B;
- Category A III - from 19 years, experience 12 months in category C;
- Category A IV - from 22 years old, total experience of 12 months on the rights of category D;
- Category B, C, E, F - from 17 years old;
- Category D - from 18 years old.
Only with full compliance with all of the above conditions can you undergo special training and pass the appropriate exams.
Basic exam procedure
Examinations for obtaining a license designed to drive self-propelled machines are taken in a certain sequence:
- Examination theoretical knowledge for the operation of special self-propelled machines, their safe operation(except category F).
- Theory for the operation of self-propelled machines and agricultural equipment. It is rented to obtain a category F license and for those who have already received the qualification of a tractor driver.
- Delivery of the theory according to traffic rules.
- Testing practical knowledge on complex practical driving skills, traffic rules and the safest operation of cars.
The practice is given in two stages. The first part is rented out on a site closed from traffic, which is characterized as a tractor track. The second part is carried out on a pre-selected route, which creates real conditions for the functioning of a self-propelled machine.
When passing the practical part of the exam, an employee of the training center will test the following skills and abilities:
- the beginning of the movement on the rise from a place;
- a U-turn on a track limited in width with a one-time gear shift;
- driving the car into the box in reverse;
- setting self-propelled vehicles in the unit with a trailer in the box in reverse;
- aggregation of a self-propelled car with a mounted machine and a trailer;
- stopping and braking at different speed modes, working out an emergency stop.
Upon successful passing of all points of the exams, the driver receives, against receipt, a tractor driver-driver's certificate for driving self-propelled vehicles.
When passing exams for categories self-propelled equipment, the specialist receives a professional certificate of a tractor driver.
Previously issued rights of such a plan are withdrawn from him, and all permissive entries and marks are transferred to the new document.
In the column "Special marks" the necessary restrictive, permissive and informational entries are affixed. This may be experience, qualification limitation, blood type, a mark on the management of lenses or glasses, and so on.
The certificate of a tractor driver or just a tractor driver is issued for a period of up to 10 years.. After this time, the document must be replaced, as it is considered invalid.
Conclusion
For training in driving vehicles belonging to the category of self-propelled vehicles, you will need to pay an average of 8,500 to 12,000 rubles. It all depends on the training center where the training takes place.
Drivers of self-propelled vehicles who successfully pass the exam receive a special certificate regarding the training they have completed in their hands. training center. After that, a certificate of a professional tractor driver-machinist is issued.
Forms and methods of control over the fulfillment by road users of the requirements of these Rules are determined by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
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- Chapter 22 sound signals Vehicle
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- Chapter 25. Towing of motor vehicles
- Chapter 26. Basic provisions on the admission of vehicles to participate in road traffic, their technical condition, equipment
- Chapter 27. Obligations of officials and other persons to ensure road safety
- Annex 1. Traffic lights
- Annex 2. Road signs
- Appendix 3. Road markings
- Appendix 4. List of faults
- Appendix 5. Identification marks of vehicles
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- on tickets for the safe operation of self-propelled machines, the operation of machines and equipment to obtain a tractor driver's license of categories "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "B", "C", "D", "E", " F "and obtaining the profession of a tractor driver, in the same way as these exams are taken at the Gostekhnadzor inspection;
- to obtain a driver training certificate motor vehicle carrying dangerous goods, on tickets and issues used by Rostransnadzor;
- on GIMS tickets for obtaining the right to drive a small vessel (boat, motor boat, jet ski, yacht) for all types of navigation areas: in inland sea waters and the territorial sea (MP navigation area), on inland waterways (GPS navigation area), in inland waters, non-navigable inland waterways (aircraft navigation area).
Exams are taken in the following order:
- on the safe operation of self-propelled machines - theory;
- on the operation of machinery and equipment (for category "F" and for those who are obtaining the qualification of a tractor driver-machinist) - theory;
- according to the rules of the road - theory;
- complex (according to practical driving skills, safe operation of cars and traffic rules) - practice.
Tickets for operation contain from 5 to 15 questions depending on the category of tractor or machine, tickets for traffic rules contain 20 questions. Each question has two to six answers, one of which is correct.
Each ticket has 20 minutes to answer. After the specified time has elapsed, the exam ends.
The score "PASSED" is given if the driver candidate answered correctly the questions of all tickets within the allotted time.
About the rules of the road on a tractor
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 1 to 5
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 6 to 10
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 11 to 15
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 16 to 20
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 21 to 25
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 26 PO 30
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 31 ON 35
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 36 ON 40
- Exam, theory, tractors and special equipment of category "C", tickets C 41 ON 45
St. Petersburg, Lesnoy prospect, d.
Traffic regulations gostekhnadzor tickets for self-propelled vehicles
The service also contains:
- methodology of traffic police (GAI) with additional questions,
- All categories,
- up-to-date new traffic rules tickets with all the latest changes,
- study modes by topic or by tickets,
- all new traffic regulations, Code of Administrative Offenses and rules for managing small boats
and much more. All used online tickets, the rules and methods of their delivery fully comply with the current requirements of the traffic police, Gostekhnadzor and GIMS (in their areas) and are updated in a timely manner.
How the service works Spectrum of traffic rules online", its appearance, the screen forms used are an exact copy of those supplied to the traffic police, Gostekhnadzor, GIMS, DOSAAF, driving schools, other specialized educational institutions, the Ministry of Education, agreed and recommended for use.
Examination tickets for the rights to a tractor of category "c"
- Ticket number 06
- Ticket number 07
- Ticket number 08
- Ticket number 09
- Ticket number 10
- Ticket number 11
- Ticket number 12
- Ticket number 13
- Ticket number 14
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- Ticket number 34
- Ticket number 35
- Ticket number 36
- Ticket number 37
- Ticket number 38
- Ticket number 39
- Ticket number 40
- Ticket number 41
- Ticket number 42
- Ticket number 43
- Ticket number 44
- Ticket number 45
- Ticket number 46
- Ticket number 47
- Ticket number 48
- Ticket number 49
- Ticket number 50
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Gostekhnadzor examination tickets for the safe operation of self-propelled machines
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- Examination tickets for the rights to a tractor of category "C"
Examination tickets for taking a theoretical exam on the safe operation of self-propelled vehicles of category “C” To obtain a certificate for the right to drive these vehicles, a candidate must also pass a theoretical qualification exam on the rules of the road for self-propelled vehicles on public roads and a comprehensive practical exam on driving skills, safe operation cars and rules of the road. Persons over 17 years of age are allowed to take the exams. Examinations are taken and certificates are issued by the bodies of state technical supervision.
Traffic rules for drivers of tractors and self-propelled vehicles of category bcd
The methodology used in the Gostekhnadzor when passing the exam Agriculture Russian Federation dated November 29, 1999 No. 807.
Traffic rules for tractors and self-propelled vehicles
On our service, you can start a second exam at any time, both after unsuccessful and after successful attempts to pass. REFERENCE The hardware-software complex "Spectrum SDA", developed by the company "RainbowSoft" (RainbowSoft), to automate the activities of educational institutions that train tractor drivers, as well as departments of Gostekhnadzor for conducting a theoretical exam for obtaining the right to drive self-propelled machines, was presented at the exhibition "Golden Autumn" held in Moscow.
According to the results of the competition "For the development of modern methods of supervision of technical condition self-propelled vehicles and other types of equipment" complex "Spektr SDA" was awarded a silver medal.
Traffic rules for tractors and self-propelled machines online
A horse-drawn cart. Your answer: Question 7 What is the trajectory for the driver to make a right turn? Correct answer: 2. B. Your answer: Question 8 What should you do in this case? Correct answer: 2.
Traffic rules for tractors and self-propelled machines free download
Home » SDA. Rules of the road » SDA for drivers of tractors and self-propelled machines of the BCD category Russian Federation, the requirements for the exam in Gostekhnadzor are taken into account. Most of the sections are systematized in the form of tables that contribute to brevity and better assimilation of the material. The textbook can also be used to train drivers of self-propelled agricultural machines (category "F").
Traffic rules for tractors and self-propelled machines download
Prohibited. Your answer: Question 5 Is it legal to tow a tractor with the brake system inoperative if its weight exceeds half the weight of your vehicle? Correct answer: 3. Prohibited. Your answer: Question 6 When driving straight ahead, you must give way: Correct answer: 2.
Rules of the road for tractors and self-propelled machines
Free service "Solve traffic rules online and exam traffic rules 2018" If you need to pass exams in the traffic police, Gostekhnadzor (State Technical Inspectorate) or GIMS and get the right to drive a car, motorcycle, boat, motor boat, tractor, bulldozer, loader, excavator, grader , ATV, snowmobile or other self-propelled equipment; practice solving exams traffic rules tickets V new edition for cars or self-propelled vehicles, then the free online service Spectrum SDA Online will help you with this. The Spectrum Traffic Rules Online service combines an exam and training for obtaining the right to drive the most common types of vehicles, self-propelled vehicles, ATVs, small boats, jet skis and other equipment. The service is designed specifically for gaining experience in solving and passing an exam in the traffic police, Gostekhnadzor or GIMS.
3.6 "Movement of tractors is prohibited"
The traffic sign "Movement of tractors is prohibited" prohibits the movement of all tractors and self-propelled machines. The action of this sign begins from the place of its direct installation.
Consequently, all tractors and self-propelled machines (including graders, excavators, asphalt paving equipment, etc.) are not allowed to enter the zone of operation of the “Tractors are prohibited” sign.
The installation of this sign implies either a high-speed section of the road, or the presence of a narrowing of the carriageway, or other circumstances in which the presence of large or slow-moving vehicles on the road will create, on the one hand, a danger, and on the other hand, traffic obstruction. And, you see, tractors and self-propelled machines are just that.
Naturally, there are other exits to the prohibited section of the road. Therefore, as a rule, they are equipped with the sign “Tractors are prohibited” in combination with one of the plates 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.3.3, which do not allow the movement of the indicated vehicle, but only in a specific (switch) direction.
However, if (due to an elementary oversight, traditional sloppiness and bungling) trips to this road from other directions are not marked with the indicated sign, then the passage of vehicles is allowed.
The rules provide for the possibility of ignoring the sign by drivers driving vehicles belonging to the federal postal service of the Russian Federation. In addition, it will not be a violation of the rules for the movement of tractors and self-propelled vehicles, the drivers of which live, work in a prohibited zone or serve enterprises located in it.
However, it should be borne in mind that in this case following the road marked with the sign “No Tractor Movement” must be the shortest to the required object.
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SDA for tractors and agricultural machinery
Whatever agricultural unit is used by farmers, agrarians and public utilities workers, it should be remembered that any tractor is primarily a vehicle and a road user. Whether it's a powerful factory tractor or a home-made garden machine, it should be controlled following certain rules. As is the case with city cars, mopeds or trucks.
Due to the large size of the equipment itself and its wheelbase, as well as the presence of overall attachments full operation on state highways and local roads is not always acceptable.
Features of traffic rules and a fine for driving a tractor without documents
Experienced drivers have questions like “Is it possible to overtake a tractor through a continuous one?” or “If deprived driving license Is it possible to ride a tractor? simply should not occur. Like the thought “Tractor is a vehicle or not?”.
This is a dimensional working mechanism with a wheelbase different sizes, which can be used on domestic roads. And therefore - the drivers of the agricultural unit are required to adhere to the existing traffic rules.
However, overtaking situations are not unambiguous. As indicated in the traffic rules, it is impossible to overtake agricultural machinery through a continuous dividing strip. However, there are situations where it is possible to ignore this rule. A low-speed tractor with a speed of up to 30 km / h can be bypassed by crossing the road markings.
When driving a tractor, you should follow a few rules:
- Equipment with faulty or unadjusted mechanisms must not be released onto the freeway.
- The maximum permissible speed on city roads and on intercity routes is no more than 40 km. Cornering speed must not exceed 9 km/h.
- Passengers can only be transported with a special license.
- The driver is required to have a license and a vehicle registration certificate, as well as a technical inspection coupon.
In the absence of documents or the presence of stitched rights, the driver will face financial punishment. What is the fine for driving a tractor without a license? The amount depends overall dimensions vehicle and is 5-30 thousand rubles. (depending on the situation and degree of violation).
However, the fine paid on the spot does not give permission to continue the journey. And after driving 50 meters after a forced stop, the violator can immediately receive another financial punishment.
TRACTOR - definition, types of tractors, questions
Tractors- vehicles designed primarily for towing or pushing other vehicles, devices or loads, whether or not fitted with attachments, in combination with the main purpose of the tractor, for carrying tools, seeds, fertilizers or other goods...
Extract from document: "Customs tariff of the Russian Federation" (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2006 N 718) (as amended on December 18, 2009, as amended on December 20, 2009) (sections XI - XXI, groups 62 - 97) (as amended . and additional, effective from 20.01.2010)
Tractor(novolat. tractor, "tractor") - a trackless vehicle used as a tractor. Has low speed and great strength traction. It is widely used in agriculture for plowing and moving non-self-propelled machines and implements. The tractor can be equipped with mounted and semi-mounted agricultural, construction or industrial equipment (for example, drilling equipment).
Tractor types:
Two main types of tractors: wheeled tractor, caterpillar tractor.
Depending on the purpose: agricultural tractor, industrial tractor, skidder, army tractor.
Machine-tractor unit- a combination of the energy part (tractor, self-propelled chassis), transmission mechanism and working machines (tools) ...
Extract from document: « Guidelines By accounting maintenance costs machine and tractor park in agricultural organizations "(approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation)
Questions for self-study were prepared according to the official Examination tickets approved by Rostekhnadzor of Russia, intended for taking theoretical exams for the right to drive self-propelled vehicles of category "D" wheeled vehicles with engines with a power of over 77.2 kW.
Tests were created according to official tickets for certification for category "D" without repeating questions. The number of the ticket and the question of the official version is given in brackets.
Repeating questions are highlighted in yellow. Missing questions are given in the literature.
NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
Standard instruction on labor protection for a tractor driver on skidding and hauling timber (approved by the Federal Road Department of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on December 1, 1994)
(Instr. No. 1) Instruction on labor protection for the tractor driver
2. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
3. Rules of the road of the Russian Federation with illustrations. Official text with changes and additions. - M .: "Rusavtokniga", 2003. - 64 p.
4. Rules for conducting technical inspection machines by Gostekhnadzor bodies // Collection of regulatory materials for Gostekhnadzor bodies. Second revised ed. - M .: Rosin-formagrotekh, 2003.
5. Collection of regulatory materials for Gostekhnadzor bodies. Issue. 1. - M.: FGNU "Ros-informagrotech", 2002. - 138 p.
6 Handbook of tractors T-150K - Kharkov: Prapor, 1973.
7. Operation of tractors T-150 and T-150K - Rosselkhozizdat, 1975.
8. Operation of the Kirovets tractor - Rosselkhozizdat, 1984.
9. Tractors "Kirovets" - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986.
10. Directory “ Running systems tractors” - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986.
11. Rules for labor protection in the production of crop products / POTRO-9730-11-95. - Eagle, 1995.
12. Occupational safety in the performance of various agricultural work - M.: GOSNITI, Informagrotekh, 1999.
13. GOST 20793-86 “Tractors and agricultural machines. Maintenance”.
14. Rules for labor protection during the repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery / POTRO-97300-11-97. - Eagle, 1997.
15. Occupational safety during technical maintenance and diagnostics of tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines. — M.: GOSNITI, Informagrotekh, 1999.
16. Occupational safety during disassembly and assembly work. — M.: GOSNITI, Informagrotekh, 1999.
17. Occupational safety in operations with petroleum products. — M.: GOSNITI, Informagro-tech, 1999.
18. Work safety during maintenance batteries. - M .: GOSNITI, In-formagrotekh, 1999.
19. The ABC of rescue in case of an accident. - St. Petersburg: Peter Grand, 2001.
