The history of the ford car. Giant - the history of Henry Ford

31.07.2019

"Ford Motor" (Ford Motor Company), American car company specializing in the production of Ford, Mercury, Lincoln cars, trucks, various agricultural machinery. Ford owns Jaguar. The headquarters is located in Dearborn (Michigan), near which was once the farm of Henry Ford's parents.

The company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903 and, according to the idea of its creator, was immediately intended for the production of a mass cheap car. Initially, this was the "A" model, in 1908 it was replaced by the "T" model, dubbed "tin Lizzy" by cartoonists. The success of the new model was so great that the ever-expanding Ford factories could not cope with orders. In the first year of production of this model, 10,660 cars were sold, which broke all records in automotive industry that time.

At Ford Motor in 1913, for the first time in the world, a method of standardizing interchangeable parts of products and a conveyor technology for assembling automobiles were introduced in production, which made it possible to raise labor productivity by 40-60% in just one year. At the same time, the wages of workers and employees increased so that they exceeded the industry average twice. Enterprises are introducing an eight-hour working day. By the middle of 1914, 500,000 Model Ts had been produced; by 1923, every second car in America was made at Ford Motor factories.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Ford Motor actively opened branches in many countries of the world, including cooperating with Soviet Russia(creation of GAZ, AMO plants). Although Henry Ford was sharply negative about the October Revolution, he nevertheless believed that Russia had a great future if it embarked on the path of industrial development.

In 1922 Ford Motor acquired the Lincoln Company, which was entrusted to Edsel Ford. The older Ford's authoritarian management style becomes a favorite target of the leftist press, and Ford's refusal to tolerate unions in his factories sparks a campaign of real harassment. However, by the end of the 1920s, Americans were tired of the monotonous “T” model. Competitors from General Motors are breaking ahead, Ford Motor responds with the Ford A model, the popularity of which still lags behind Chevy and Buicks.

The Great Depression of 1929 dramatically reduced car sales. Wages are cut in half.

In 1932 the beginning mass production V-shaped 8-cylinder engines. Ford Motor Company becomes the first company to produce a monolithic eight-cylinder block. It will be many more years before Ford's competitors can mass-produce reliable V-8 engines. Meanwhile, the Ford car and its reliable engine became a favorite of practical Americans. An assembly plant was opened in Cologne.

Comparatively successful was the Mercury line of cars, launched in 1938. The company is nominally run by Edsel Ford, but his authority cannot be compared to that of his father. Business begins to stagnate, which lasted until the outbreak of World War II, when military orders improved things.

From 1942 to 47 production civil vehicles stopped abruptly, because the company directed all its efforts to military needs. The gigantic wartime program started by Edzel Ford produced 8,600 four-engined V-24 Liberator bombers, 57,000 aircraft engines, and more than a quarter of a million tanks, anti-tank mounts, and other military equipment in less than 3 years.

After the short reign of old Ford (Edsel died in 1943), in 1945 power passed to Henry Ford II, who inspired new life to the company.

Ford Jr. reorganizes the recruitment system, uses brainstorming methods known to him from the war to develop the firm's strategy, inviting a group of system analysts.

In 1949 Ford Motor Company sells approximately 807,000 vehicles, increasing its profit from $94 million (the previous year) to $177 million and reaching its highest sales since 1929. Henry Ford II's post-war reorganization program quickly restored the company's health. The result was the construction of 44 manufacturing plants, 18 assembly plants, 32 spare parts warehouses, two huge test sites and 13 engineering research laboratories in the US.

The launch of the Thunderbird series in 1955 and the now classic Mustang strengthened the financial position Ford Motor. The attractive 1965 4-seater Mustang became America's darling. In the first 100 days, 100,000 of these cars were sold. Total sales for the year were 418,812 vehicles, generating $1 billion in profits for the company.

In 1968, the first 1.6-litre Escort Twin Cam launched its racing career, successfully opening the season and winning circuits in Ireland, the Danish Tulip, the Austrian Alps, the Acropolis and the Scottish Rally for eight weeks. By the end of its first season, the Escort had won the famous 1000 Lakes Rally in Finland, helping Ford secure a strong position in the World New Car Rally Championship. System implementation electronic control vehicle speed. Models with the Twin Cam Escort design continued to win worldwide in 1969 and 1970.

Very common in the 1970s and 1980s, Western European ford model Taunus/Cortina. The production of the station wagon (Kombi) Ford Taunus / Cortina family began back in 1970 (in Germany, models called Taunus have existed since the 63rd). The car was produced in almost all European countries of that time. Ford factories, and the name Cortina was given to the English version with "right-hand drive". In January 1976, the second-generation Taunus/Cortina model, substantially redesigned, went into production.

Since 1976, with the start of production of Ford Econoline E-series hooded cargo-passenger models new generation began to use elements of the chassis, engines and transmission, similar to the SUVs and pickups of the F series. In 1992, they brought to the market new scale comfortable 7-, 8-, 12- and 15-seater all-metal minibuses and four-door vans with a body.

The Fiesta family has existed for over 20 years - the first generation appeared in 1976. The life path of models current generation, which began at the Geneva Motor Show-89, is nearing sunset. For 11 years, the Fiesta family has undergone a serious restyling twice (in 1995 and 1999), thanks to which it remains quite modern to this day.

Crown Victoria is one of the most popular models in the USA (in the police, taxi, rental, secondary market). Manufacturing in Canada. The debut of the model took place in 1978. The new generation of the car was released in December 1990. Appearance update - 1998.

The 1980 Bgonco full-size station wagon was an all-wheel drive pickup truck with a shortened base. The cross-country ability turned out to be quite high, so the model remained popular for a long time (in particular, in Alaska), even after the appearance of more modern models. Vgopso became in the first half of the 1990s one of the leaders in Russian market among used cars of this type. In 1990, the Vgopso models were replaced by more practical five-door station wagons. Ford Explorer.

Ford Escort It is produced in the USA and Europe, as well as in Argentina in three body styles: a five-seater sedan, a five-door station wagon and a ZX2 coupe. A generation of front-wheel drive European Ford Escort (Mod. 80) with a transverse engine was introduced in August 1980. Production American Ford Escort and Mercury Lynx continued until the summer of 1990. They were replaced by models developed on the platform Japanese Mazda 323. In January 1995, the design of the car was improved, a 4x4 version with a 1.6 liter engine appeared (in 1997, the production of the 4x4 model was discontinued). In 1998, a convertible was introduced.

In September 1982, models of the rear-wheel drive Sierra family with five-door hatchback and station wagon bodies (Kombi) appeared on sale, and the start of production of a three-door all-wheel drive model(XR4x4) with a 2.8-liter V6 engine was postponed until September 1983.

In November 1986, the launch of the 4x4 version Ford Scorpio. At the very end of 1991, a presentation roomy station wagon Scorpio Turnir. In the summer of 1998, the production of Scorpio was stopped, and the European branch of Ford decided to make the Mondeo model the flagship of the company.

Since the mid-1980s, Taurus has been produced. This model was named Car of the Year 1986, and in 1987 it became a bestseller in America. The streamlined, futuristic-looking cars, beautifully named Taurus and Sable, were a milestone in Ford's transition to a new generation of 1980s cars that were fuel-efficient (in full compliance with congressional regulations), high-tech, and aesthetically perfect.

In the same year, the purchase of 75% of the company's shares took place. Aston Martin-Lagonda.

The purchase of the Jaguar company in 1990 further increases the range of Ford models, which in terms of comfort are in no way reminiscent of the “tin Lizzie”, and a year later for release multi-purpose vehicle Ford Galaxy created joint venture with the German corporation Volkswagen.

The company is open to innovation and change; it is interesting that Ford Motor, the pioneer in the introduction of the assembly line, was the first among large corporations to abandon it, since modern workers are more productive in doing work in which there is an element of independent creativity.

The Ford Explorer, which debuted in January 1990, sits between competing Blazer models and Tahoe, and for many years has been the best-selling among all SUVs in the North American market (about 400 thousand per year). The debut of the new generation Explorer in the 2001 model year.

In 1993, the model was released Ford Mondeo which immediately set new safety standards in its class. The very next year, this car was recognized as the Car of the Year in Europe and became a favorite among buyers. For 1994, the Windstar minibus was also new. In the same year, the purchase of the remaining shares of Aston Martin-Lagonda took place.

Ford Windstar was first shown in January 1994. In 1998, the model was restyled. Produced in Canada.

The first show of the Ford EUROPE Galaxy took place in February 1995 in Geneva. At the Geneva Motor Show 2000, a modernized model with an updated design was presented.

In 1996, the 250 millionth car rolled off the assembly line of the company. The implementation of the Ka model has begun.

Ford Europe Puma, sports coupe small class, created on the basis Ford Fiesta, was first presented at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1997.

FORD Focus, for a long tradition bearing the name of Turnier. The European premiere of the hatchback took place in early 1998 in Geneva.

In 1998, Ford Motor Company becomes the 2nd largest manufacturer of passenger cars and trucks in terms of total.

In 2000, an international jury of 126 automotive journalists, summing up the results of the unprecedented competition "Car of the Century" ("Car of the Century"), chose the legendary Ford T. Tin Lizzie ("Tin Lizzie") became the "Machine of all times and peoples" car, the assembly of which was established on the assembly line on a massive scale. New method made it possible to start large-scale production of machines, improve their quality and sharply reduce the cost. It was the conveyor assembly that made the car a means of transportation accessible to everyone. And the first in a row really production cars was a Ford model.

compact SUV Ford Escape was first introduced as a prototype in January 2000 in Detroit. The development was carried out jointly with Mazda. Car production is carried out at a plant in Kansas City.

Ford EUROPE Maverick, compact all-wheel drive SUV, the European equivalent of the Ford Escape. Since 2000, it has been produced jointly with Mazda on the basis of the Mazda Tribute. The new Ford Maverick combines the hallmarks of an SUV and a road car.

2001 - the company presents a fundamentally new Ford Mondeo model. Its appearance can be considered a revolutionary event. This car, developed by the European division of Ford Motor Company, was created on the basis of fundamentally new design technologies. The essence of this technical revolution- in a powerful software product called SZR, which is a complex of computer design systems, computer-aided design and an extensive information database.

Today, Ford Motor Company has its own production, assembly and sales centers in 30 countries around the world. The company annually produces millions of cars, trucks and tractors and is a leader automotive sales outside of North America. Ford Motor Company sells over 70 various models cars around the world, produced under the brands Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Jaguar and Aston Martin. The company also has a stake in Mazda motor corporation And Kia Motors n.Corporatio

In the "big three" of the American automobile business, Ford Motor occupies an honorable second place in terms of sales.

History of Ford- This is not only the history of the American, but of the entire global automotive industry. It was the Ford company that first began to produce mass cheap car. It is the fourth in the world in terms of production in history. It is now third in the US and second in Europe.

The company's annual turnover exceeds $150 billion. The asset value is $208 billion. The corporation has 62 factories, a network of outlets located in 30 countries. They employ over 200 thousand employees. We offer you to get acquainted briefly with the history of Ford.

History of the company

Ford history began with the first meeting in 1875, 12-year-old Henry Ford with a locomobile. The future father of the automotive industry called this meeting the most important in his life, which radically influenced his choice of profession. From a young age, he has been involved in technology, working as an apprentice in a mechanical workshop, as a repairman for locomotives. Evenings are spent in the workshop on the parent farm.

Henry Ford as a child

First car

In 1884, Henry got a job in one of the workshops in Detroit. Here he in practice got acquainted with the famous at that time gas engine Otto models.

Soon Henry returns to his native village, marries. His father gave him a large plot of land, where the young Ford built a house and equipped himself with a first-class workshop. In it, out of curiosity, he designed for himself an engine modeled on Otto's four-stroke model, operating on lighting gas.

Four years later, he is hired as an engineer for an electrical company. Henry and his wife rent a house in Detroit. In a brick shed behind the house, he set up a workshop, which he moved with him from Springfield. In it, the inventor devotedly worked in the evenings on his two-cylinder engine.

In 1892, Henry Ford built his first car. It looked like a cart with bicycle wheels. The two-cylinder engine developed a power of about 4 Horse power. There was no steering wheel, the car was set in motion by a crank. Henry Ford's first car received a downtime from the inventor Ford name Quadricycle (Ford Quadricycle).

Ford Quadricycle

In the spring of 1893, it was tested on the rural roads of Michigan. Until 1896, Ford drove it for thousands of miles, then sold it for $ 200 to a passionate car lover.

First experience

Meanwhile, the electrical company offered him a top engineering position on the condition that he stop working on machines. But the young engineer was already firmly convinced of the success of his business and on August 15, 1899, he refused the service in order to devote himself entirely to cars.

A group of entrepreneurs offered to organize a car company with his participation. Ford worked there for three years. During this time, he built 15 cars based on his first model. But sales were poor, there were no opportunities to design new models, and Henry left the company.

Own enterprise

Ford decides to organize an independent enterprise. He rents another brick shed for his workshop and continues to experimentally build new car models.

Most American car buyers at the time considered speed to be their trump card. To meet the needs of the public, Henry produces two models with a 4-cylinder engine of 80 hp, which at that time seemed to be gigantic power.

One of them, the "999" car, as he called it, successfully showed its speed in a three-mile race. Those willing to profitably invest in the business were quickly found, and in June 1903 the Ford Automobile Society was founded. Thus began the history of the company. The founder himself got a quarter of the company, the position of director and responsible for all production. The founders collected 28 thousand dollars.

Henry Ford and racing driver Barney Oldfield in the legendary 999

Subsequently, Ford bought back the shares for the money he earned and brought his share to 59%. And in 1919, when he began to have disagreements with shareholders over economic policy, the remaining 41% was bought by his son Edzel for a substantial sum of $ 75 million.

First steps

The history of the development of the Ford society began to be written with the "Model A". She had a two-cylinder engine of 8 hp. and chain transmission. Parts for the machine were produced by partners, and the company was already engaged in assembly. Cars immediately gained a reputation for being simple and reliable machines. Already in the first year, 1,708 copies were sold and the company's business went well.

Model "A"

In 1906, at the expense of working capital, the company built a 3-storey building, began to produce whole line details on your own.

In the process of manufacturing and selling products, Ford came to the conclusion that the market was in dire need of a cheap mass car. Due to the simplification of the design, the streamlining of prices, sales volumes in 1907-1911 increased significantly. The company has already assembled more than 100 cars a day.

The number of employees in the company reached 4110 people, the number of cars produced - 45 thousand. The company has branches in London and Australia. Ford has already traded in many countries around the world.

The history of the Ford company has developed according to the methods of its founder. The company's machines were designed less complex than those of competitors, the company did not use foreign capital, all profits were invested back in production, and a favorable balance always made it possible to have working capital.

Model T

According to Ford, the car should be simple and affordable. He embodied his idea in the development of the "Model T", which the company began to produce since 1908. It absorbed everything that the inventor had worked out over the previous time, plus vanadium compounds in the materials.

Tin Lizzie (Model "T")

"Tin Lizzy" (Tin Lizzy), as it was nicknamed by motorists, became the first mass-produced car. In 1914, the company celebrated the release of the anniversary 10 millionth copy. The car was produced until 1928.

Conveyor

Since 1913, Ford began to gradually introduce conveyor production cars. The results were stunning. For example, engine assembly time was reduced from 9.9 to 5.9 working hours.

The introduction of the Ford assembly line reduced the price of the Tin Lisa from $850 to $290. In 1914, Henry set the country's highest minimum wage for workers, $5 a day.

An innovative production method at the time - assembly line

How the lineup has changed as the company has evolved

Today, the concern manufactures more than 70 car models. Consider the main instances of the model range of Ford Motor Company cars.

After the drop in sales of the Model T, Ford closed all production for six months, carrying out the necessary reconstruction to switch to the new Ford A model (the prototype of the Soviet Pobeda), which has more advanced characteristics. This car was the first to have safety glass.

Model A 1929

Again ahead of the competition, Ford was the first to begin production of station wagon models in 1929.

Competitors, meanwhile, have mastered the production of V-6 engines. The company's shareholders offered to begin production of their counterparts, but Ford insisted on developing a more advanced engine. So in April 1932, a new V-shaped 8-cylinder engine installed on the Model B was presented to the public. The engine was called flathead - in translation: “flathead”. It was quite compact, worked quietly and, thanks to the small number of parts, very reliable and easy to maintain. Only a few years later, competitors were able to organize the production of cars with an engine of this type.

Model B 1932

When America began hostilities, all the efforts of the company were directed to the production of military products. The concern produced bombers, aircraft engines, tanks, anti-tank guns, trucks and jeeps, and other military equipment.

In September 1945, 82-year-old Henry Ford resigned as head of the corporation and transferred the business to his grandson. Two years later, on April 7, 1947, he dies on his estate. At that time, his fortune was equal to $ 199 billion, adjusted for inflation.

Fairlane

In 1948, the first Ford F-Series from a series of full-size pickups was released. The car has become the most popular pickup truck and one of the best-selling in the world. More than 34 million copies of this series have been sold.

F-100 1948

In the 60s, Ford, following the sporting and youth trend that prevailed in America, switched to the production of inexpensive sports cars. In 1964 one of the most best cars company - Mustang, named after the famous American aircraft P-51. Equipped with a new engine, with a bright and stylish design, the car was a huge success. After 1.5 years, a million copies were sold. It is still a cult car.

Mustang first generation. Read all about the Ford Mustang on the site pro-mustang.ru

Following the Mustang, the production of the Ford Transit commercial vehicle began. Since 1965, more than 6 million cars have been sold in seven generations.

In 1968, the production of Ford Escort started - one of the most successful car models Ford. Over 35 years of production, almost 20 million pieces have been sold.

Escort 1968-1973

1976 was marked by the release of the B-class model - Ford Fiesta. It is still produced with success in many countries around the world. Its circulation is more than 13 million units in 6 generations.

Since 1998, the Ford Focus, a popular sedan, has been produced. Today, the model is already in its third generation. More than 9.2 million cars sold. The car is popular in Russia, where it has been assembled since 1999. In 2010 Focus was the best-selling foreign car in our country.

Focus 1998

Logo evolution

The oval badge known today did not appear on Ford cars immediately.

The history of the logo dates back to 1903. The first emblem featured the inscription “Ford Motor Co.”, made in an outlandish font and framed by an oval.

Three years later, the inscription was reduced and made "flying". It was supposed to symbolize the rapid movement of the company forward. The emblem existed until 1910.

The Ford trademark was registered with the US Patent Office in 1909.

In 1912 the logo takes new form- a bizarre triangle, on the sides of which wings are spread. As conceived by the designers, the design of the emblem meant elegance and reliability, and with them speed and lightness.

The prototype of the current sign appeared in 1927 - a blue oval with the inscription Ford inside. Until the 70s, it was not installed on all cars of the brand.

Since 1976, an oval with a blue background and a familiar silver lettering has been placed on the radiator and rear door of all cars manufactured by the corporation.

In 2003, on the eve of the centenary of the corporation, the logo was added with subtle features of the original emblems. The iconic oval badge is still easily recognizable and represents high quality and the reliability of a famous brand.

"The color of the car can be any, provided that it is black".

There is an opinion that this phrase about the black color is not mentioned by him by chance. All "T" models were in the same color. Ford chose to paint them black only because that color was the cheapest.

To the journalist's question: "Which car do you consider the best?", the great designer replied:

"The best car is a new car!"

"I never say, 'I need you to do this.' I say, "I wonder if you can do it."

“More often people give up than they fail.”

“Only two stimuli make people work: thirst wages and fear of losing her.

The current state of the company and its prospects

The corporation is still one of the leading automakers in the world. In addition to cars, trucks and buses under the Ford brand, which are sold worldwide, the concern's portfolio includes the brands Lincoln and Troller (Brazil). He also owns shares in Kia Motor Corporation and Mazda Motor Corporation.

In the early 2000s, the company's crisis was significant. However, after Alan Mulally came to the leadership of the corporation, the activities of the giant automaker began to make a profit again. Restructuring carried out, transition to new strategy corporations for the production of cars, uniform for all markets.

Alan Mulally

Financial position

At the end of 2017, Ford's net profit increased by 65% and reached $ 7.6 billion, revenue increased by 3% and equals almost $ 157 billion. Profit for the last quarter amounted to 2.4 billion dollars, a year earlier there were losses.

According to the forecasts of American experts in 2018, the company's profit is expected to decline. Revenue is projected at $142 billion.

In Russia, there has been an increase in credit purchases of crossovers and SUVs, especially the Ford Explorer and Ford Kuga. In 2017, their share in the company's sales increased to 31%, which provided the Ford Sollers JV, which represents Ford's interests in Russia, with a 16% increase in sales. Sold in 2017 commercial vehicles Ford brands are 68% more than last year.

explorer

The company expects further growth in SUV sales. It is planned to increase production at the enterprises of Tatarstan with the simultaneous updating of some models. The firm lays big hopes to strengthen positions in the segment light commercial transport.

Plans

This year, the concern plans to present 23 new models at international market. In general, the company has a strategy to reduce
number of car models. The main focus will be on the development of new trucks and SUVs.

The corporation's mission is to continuously improve the company's products to meet the needs of our customers, to enable the company to prosper and to provide profit to its shareholders and owners.

Ford Motor Company is a famous American automobile company. It ranks 4th in the world in terms of sales over the past hundred years. Currently, the company has offices in more than 60 countries around the world. Often, motorists have a question: "Which country is the country of manufacture of Ford?" Most of the company's cars are produced at factories located in the US and Europe.

Company Founder

The company is named after its founder, Henry Ford. He was born July 30, 1863. His parents were simple farmers. From childhood, Henry was fond of technology. The boy figured out how to simplify hard farm work with the help of various mechanisms. One day, Henry was thrown from the saddle by a young stallion. From that day on, his goal was to create a safe means of transportation. At the age of 16, the young man moves to Detroit and gets a job in an electric company. For twenty years simple mechanic manages to become a chief engineer. In his spare time, Ford was engaged in the development of the car. When these works were completed, Ford quit and began looking for investors to create an automobile company.

The American automobile manufacturer Ford is one of the main market leaders. For more than a century of existence, this auto giant has created dozens of different models of cars. All American car brands this manufacturer distinguished by reliability and affordable price for the resulting high quality.

Ford - brief information about the company

Every boy knows where Ford is produced. Henry Ford founded his automobile business in America in 1903. About thirty thousand dollars the creator received from investors to create a company. In history, the name of this brand is inscribed for centuries. Since this is the first car in the world assembled on an assembly line. It is not easy to say where Ford is assembled. The fact is that the company has factories in the most different countries peace. Concerning Russian Federation, then here the cars of this brand are assembled in Kaluga. There are also enterprises in Brazil, Argentina, China and other countries. Ford also owns American car brands such as Lincoln and Mercure. The management of this automobile company is now carried out by Alan Mulally.

Ford - models overview (list of the best)

Throughout its existence, a huge number of cars have been produced under the Ford brand. The best-selling brands are:

F-Series is a full-size pickup truck. This vehicle produced from 1948 to this day by Ford. Country of manufacture - America. The car of this model is the best-selling car in the history of the automotive industry. Throughout its history, it has been purchased more than thirty million times.
Escort - a successful car from Ford brand. Country of manufacture - America. There was also a division in Europe. This car has been assembled for thirty-five years. Since 2003, the car of this model is no longer produced. Over the entire period of the existence of this brand, Ford has sold twenty million copies of the Escort.
Fiesta is a bright representative of the B-class cars from Ford. Producing countries - America, Brazil, China, Thailand and others. The model has existed since 1976, now it is also being produced. The number of copies sold reaches thirteen million units.
Focus is a series of cars launched in 1998 in America. In 1999 to the countries Ford manufacturers added Russia. In total, the company has sold more than nine million cars of this model. Half a million of this amount falls on Russia. According to 2010 data, Russians purchased Ford Focus more than any other car.
mustang- legendary car of this brand. Its release started in 1964 and continues to this day. It has a super powerful engine. In total, this car was sold nine million times.

F Series

Ford F-Series - iconic american brand machines that have existed for seventy years. Throughout the existence this brand has been extensively modified and improved. At the moment, there are thirteen series of this car. From the moment of creation and until 1955, the design of the F-Series did not change at all. The transmission has been changed. If at first it was three-stage, then it became already five-stage. Also, the manufacturer constantly sought to increase the carrying capacity of the pickup truck. Significant changes occurred in the sixth generation. The radiator grill has been modified. The headlights were changed from round to square. The body began to be made of more durable metal with anti-corrosion coating. In the eighties, the truck received a more acute-angled shape and a new automatic box gears. Now the car of this brand is made of high-strength aluminum alloys, has an economical engine and active aerodynamics.

Escort

For all the time of its existence, the car was produced in five generations. Initially, the car had the following characteristics:

Drive - rear.
Engine - gasoline, designed for 1.1 liters. and 1.3 l.
Body type - sedan and station wagon.
Options - standard, deluxe and super.

After numerous changes, the car's engine was enlarged. The last series was produced with a gasoline engine capacity of 1.3, 1.6, 1.8 liters. and two liter. It also became possible to purchase models with diesel engines 1.8 l. As for body types, Escort began to be created not only in the form of sedans and station wagons, but they also introduced a convertible and a hatchback.

Fiesta

The first Fords of this brand were presented in two bodies - a hatchback (3 doors) and a van (2 doors, without windows and seats in the rear). The body was made of sheet steel. The hood of this car opened forward. Brake system the Fiesta had a diagonal and dual circuit. The brakes were strengthened by special pneumatics. The front axle was equipped disc brakes, on the back accounted for drum brakes. The drive for this model is original form was front wheel drive. The first configurations came exclusively with gasoline engines from 1.0 l. and 1.1 l. gearbox in this car was mechanical.

Over the years, the car has undergone significant changes. Now you can buy it in the most various types engine starting from 1.25 liters. and ending with two-liter. The brakes are now disc brakes for all axles. Externally, the car has become more massive and safer than its predecessors.

Focus

This model differs in compactness, external attractiveness and profitability. In Russia, this model is very fond of. The car has the following characteristics:

Three body styles including sedan, hatchback and station wagon.
At the base lies latest platform C2.
Has a panoramic roof.
Headlights - LED.
Eight-speed gearbox with rotary shifter.
Two types of engines - three-cylinder gasoline and four-cylinder diesel.

In the latest model, the car is already assembled in Germany. It is also planned to launch in China. Concerning Russian factories, then here they still do not have information about the assembly of the new model. It is worth noting that in all generations the Ford Focus has a good level of security, which makes it very popular among buyers. Perhaps it was this indicator that made Russians fall in love with a car of this brand so much and made it the best-selling passenger car in Russia in 2010.

Mustang

This car is relevant for all times, as it is considered an absolute classic of the American automobile industry. Cars of the latest series are distinguished by a stylish futuristic design. In the minimum configuration, it has a four-liter engine and a power of 210 hp. With. In his maximum configuration the engine reaches a power of five hundred and fifty liters per second. Engine in this case is 5.4 liters. The transmission is both manual and automatic. This car was created after a deep analysis of the needs of customers and has become the favorite of millions. Initially, they wanted to call it "Panther" and even developed the appropriate symbols, but at the last moment the management decided to use the bright and catchy name "Mustang".

general information

Ford Motor Company is an American automobile company specializing in the production of Ford, Mercury, Lincoln passenger cars, trucks, various agricultural machinery. Ford owns Jaguar.

The headquarters is located in Dearborn (Michigan), near which was once the farm of Henry Ford's parents.

Corporation History

The company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903 and, according to the idea of its creator, was immediately intended for the production of a mass cheap car. Initially, this was the "A" model, in 1908 - the "T" model, dubbed "tin Lizzie" by cartoonists. The success of the new model was so great that the ever-expanding Ford factories could not cope with orders. In the first year of production of this model, 10,660 cars were sold, which broke all records in the automotive industry of that time.

In Ford Motor in 1913, for the first time in the world, a method of standardizing interchangeable parts of products and a conveyor technology for assembling cars were introduced in production, which made it possible to increase labor productivity by 40-60% in just one year.

By the middle of 1914, 500,000 Model Ts had been produced; by 1923, every second car in America was made at the Ford Motor factories.

In 1922, the Ford Motor Company acquired the Lincoln Company, the management of which was entrusted to Edsel Ford. The older Ford's authoritarian management style becomes a favorite target of the leftist press, and Ford's refusal to tolerate unions in his factories sparks a campaign of real harassment. However, by the end of the 1920s, Americans were tired of the monotonous “T” model. Competitors from General Motors are breaking ahead, Ford Motor responds with the Ford A model, the popularity of which still lags behind Chevy and Buicks.

The Great Depression of 1929 drastically reduced car sales. Wages are cut in half.

In 1932, the beginning of mass production of V-shaped 8-cylinder engines. Ford Motor Company becomes the first company to produce a monolithic 8-cylinder block. The Ford car and its reliable engine have become the favorites of practical Americans.

The line of Mercury cars, launched in 1938, was successful. The company is nominally run by Edsel Ford, but his authority cannot be compared to that of his father. Business begins to stagnate, which lasted until the outbreak of World War II, when military orders improved things.

From 1942 to 47, the production of civilian vehicles stopped abruptly, as the company directed all its efforts to military needs.

After the brief reign of old Ford (Edsel died in 1943), power passed to Henry Ford II in 1945, who breathed new life into the company.

Ford Jr. reorganizes the recruitment system, uses brainstorming methods known to him from the war to develop the firm's strategy, inviting a group of system analysts.

In 1949 Ford Motor Company sells approximately 807,000 vehicles, nearly doubling its sales. Henry Ford II's reorganization program quickly restored the health of the company. The result was the construction of 44 manufacturing plants, 18 assembly plants, 32 parts depots, two huge test sites, and 13 engineering and research laboratories in the United States.

The launch of the Thunderbird series in 1955 and the now classic Mustang strengthened Ford Motor's financial position. The attractive 1965 4-seat Mustang became America's darling. In the first 100 days, 100,000 of these machines were sold.

The Western European model Ford Taunus / Cortina was very common in the 1970s and 1980s. The production of the station wagon (Kombi) Ford Taunus / Cortina family began in 1970.

Since 1976, with the start of production of Ford Econoline bonneted passenger-and-freight models E-series new generations began to use chassis elements, engines and transmissions similar to SUVs and pickups of the F series. In 1992, a new range of comfortable 7-, 8-, 12- and 15-seater all-metal minibuses and four-door vans with a body was introduced to the market.

The Fiesta family has been around for over 20 years - the first generation appeared back in 1976. The life path of the current generation models, which began at the Geneva Motor Show-89, is approaching sunset. For 11 years, the Fiesta family has undergone a serious restyling twice (in 1995 and 1999), thanks to which it remains quite modern to this day.

Crown Victoria is one of the most popular models in the USA (in the police, taxi, rental, in the secondary market).

The Ford Escort is produced in the US and Europe, as well as in Argentina in three body styles. Production of the American Ford Escort and Mercury Lynx continued until the summer of 1990. They were replaced by models developed on the platform of the Japanese Mazda 323.

In November 1986, the launch of the 4x4 version of the Ford Scorpio. At the very end of 1991, the presentation of the roomy station wagon Scorpio Turnir took place. In the summer of 1998, the production of Scorpio was stopped, and the European branch of Ford decided to make the Mondeo model the flagship of the company.

Since the mid-1980s, Taurus has been produced. This model was named Car of the Year 1986, and in 1987 it became a bestseller in America. The streamlined, futuristic-looking cars, beautifully named Taurus and Sable, were a milestone in Ford's transition to a new generation of 1980s vehicles that were fuel-efficient, high-tech, and aesthetically perfect.

In the same year, the purchase of a 75% stake in Aston Martin-Lagonda took place.

The purchase of Jaguar in 1990 further increases the range of Ford models, which in terms of comfort do not resemble the “tin Lizzie”, and a year later, a joint venture with the German Volkswagen corporation was created to produce the Ford Galaxy multi-purpose car.

In 1993, the Ford Mondeo model was released, which immediately set new safety standards in its class. The very next year, this car was recognized as the Car of the Year in Europe and became a favorite among buyers.

In the same year, the purchase of the remaining shares of Aston Martin-Lagonda took place.

The Ford Windstar was first shown in January 1994. In 1998, the model was restyled. Produced in Canada.

The first show of the Ford EUROPE Galaxy took place in February 1995 in Geneva. At the Geneva Motor Show 2000, a modernized model with an updated design was presented.

In 1996, the 250 millionth car rolled off the assembly line of the company. The implementation of the Ka model has begun.

The Ford EUROPE Puma, a small sports coupe based on the Ford Fiesta, was first introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1997.

Ford Focus, which by a long tradition bears the name Turnier. The European premiere of the hatchback took place in early 1998 in Geneva.

In 1998, Ford Motor Company becomes the 2nd largest car and truck manufacturer in the world in terms of total.

In 2000, an international jury of 126 automotive journalists, summing up the results of the unprecedented Car of the Century competition (“Car of the Century”), chose the legendary Ford T. which was established on the assembly line on a massive scale. It was the conveyor assembly that made the car a means of transportation accessible to everyone. And the first in a series of truly serial cars was the Ford model.

The Ford Escape compact SUV was first shown as a prototype in January 2000 in Detroit. The development was carried out jointly with Mazda. Car production is carried out at a plant in Kansas City.

Ford EUROPE Maverick, a compact four-wheel drive SUV, the European analogue of the Ford Escape. Since 2000, it has been produced jointly with Mazda on the basis of the Mazda Tribute. The new Ford Maverick combines the hallmarks of an SUV and a road car.

2001 - the company introduces a fundamentally new Ford Mondeo model. Its appearance can be considered a revolutionary event. This car, developed by the European division of Ford Motor Company, was created on the basis of fundamentally new design technologies. The essence of this technical revolution is in a powerful software product called SZR, which is a complex of computer design systems, computer-aided design and an extensive information database. One of latest models presented by the company - Ford Focus Coupe-Cabriolet.

Today, Ford Motor Company has its own production, assembly and sales centers in 30 countries around the world. The company produces millions of cars, trucks and tractors every year and is the world's number one automotive sales leader outside of North America. Ford Motor Company sells more than 70 different models of cars around the world, produced under Ford brands, Lincoln, Mercury, Jaguar and Aston Martin. The company also has a stake in Mazda Motor Corporation and Kia Motors n.Corporatio

In the "big three" of the American automobile business, Ford Motor occupies an honorable second place in terms of sales.

Ford in Ukraine

Official distributor ford cars in Ukraine - Winner Imports Ukraine (Winner Imports Ukraine), which was one of the first to work in Ukrainian automotive market as an official distributor.

In 1991 one of Ford executives offered Ivan Ginyansky, the owner of Winner dealerships in Delaware and Pennsylvania (USA), to open another one in Ukraine. The prospect of helping Ford create a dealer network in Ukraine interested Ginyansky.

In late 1992, Winner was appointed as the official distributor of Ford Motor Co. in Ukraine. Dealerships were opened and service centers throughout the territory of Ukraine.