It became known that the new generation Nissan Qashqai can get an electric version of the car. Automotive engineers regularly introduce new technologies and devices to provide greater safety, comfort, or at least entertainment to drivers. We talk about the developments of the future, which are being tested on the roads today.
Cars
with autopilot function
Over the past 5 years, all the world's leading automakers have been developing autonomous cars. Ford concept car capable of self-parking. Audi, BMW, Nissan, Honda, GM and Mercedes regularly report that their self-driving car prototypes have been tested for thousands of miles. Volvo showed its model in Gothenburg, which, thanks to sensors, GPS and other technologies, virtually eliminates getting into an accident. Toyota recently announced it was joining the ranks of self-driving cars, and Tesla Motors has said it will show its first self-driving car in three years.
"Googlemobile"
In action
Google is one of the industry leaders. The company's system uses information collected by the Google Street View service, video cameras, a LIDAR sensor mounted on the roof, radars in the front of the car, and a sensor connected to one of the rear wheels.
demonstration of the operation of the lidar sensor,
which is used in google car system
Most companies say that for car enthusiasts, such cars will become available by 2020. What will change with their appearance? First of all, robotic cars will save lives. A computer that has replaced a person behind the wheel will be able to simultaneously track all objects on the road and instantly respond to emergencies. But are people ready to completely entrust control to a machine?
Brian Reimer
Transportation expert from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
"People can put up with and deal with people who make mistakes, but we can't put up with robot mistakes," said transportation expert Brian Reimer of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “How many people would agree to get on a plane without a pilot, even if it is known that half the time the pilots sit in the cockpit idle, just watching the automation?”
That a computer driver is safer than a human driver must be proven in thousands of instances before legislators give full freedom to autopilot vehicles. On this moment such cars are allowed to be tested on the roads common use the laws of Japan and the three states of the United States ( California, Florida and Nevada). It is expected that by the end of the year the UK will also be on this list.
Body panels that store energy
Exxon Mobil predicts that by 2040, half of all new cars that roll off the assembly line will be hybrid. However, hybrid cars have one problem: the batteries used to power the electric motor are very bulky and heavy, even with the current development of lithium-ion batteries.
In Europe, a group of nine automakers are currently testing body panels that can store energy and charge faster than conventional batteries. They are made from polymeric carbon fiber and resin and are strong yet flexible. Thanks to the development, the weight of cars can be reduced by 15%.
Nissan smart watch
What to expect in the coming years? Why and how will your car become smart? In what direction will the automotive industry develop? What technologies are already available and what are waiting for you?
A lot of things can change in just one decade. For example every 5 years computer equipment is very outdated. True, we are still far from technology like in the Star Wars movie.
Let's start. For example, if you are reading this text, then you have access to the Internet. And if you go back, for example, in 1995, the Internet was available to a very small circle of people, however, like a computer. But since then things have changed dramatically. Now you can access the Internet with phone, player, choose a provider that is more suitable for your needs and financial capabilities, and so on.
It's the same with cars, where even the Chinese have managed to introduce the new Android system into their car. By the way, earlier to meet such a number of airbags in the most different options (lateral, protecting the knees etc.) was impossible on any machine.
Electric cars could only be found on the golf courses. Cars are also changing, and the rate of adoption of new technologies will only increase every year.
Internet and car?
OnStar
It is possible to slow down transport remotely, preventing the hijackers from escaping from the police while chasing. Now appeared new opportunity, which will help you recover stolen cars in hours, if not minutes.
The new technology is called Remote Ignition Block ( remote ignition lock). The OnStar operator has the ability to send a signal to the computer in the stolen car that will cause the ignition system to lock out and prevent it from restarting.
"This feature will not only help the authorities recover stolen cars, but also prevent dangerous car chases."
Holographic Information Displays
Similar systems can be seen at or. The bottom line is to send information directly to Windshield . Now there are operating models that can display information about speed, direction of movement, and more. And in the near future we will be able to navigate the road without even seeing it. For example, General Motors has already taken the first steps in this direction.
Now General Motors, in collaboration with a number of universities, has begun to develop the so-called "smart glass". GM hopes to turn the glass into a transparent display that can display information such as road markings, road signs, or various objects such as pedestrians, which in fog or rain can be very problematic to recognize on the road.
Part of this technology was shown at Light Car, where with LED technology, the car uses a transparent back door as a projection screen, for visible communication between cars, which is very useful for all motorists. For example, with what force the driver presses the brakes, you can show the car that is driving behind when the scale of the picture on the display is illuminated.
Communication of your car not only with other cars, but also with the infrastructure!
Soon all cars will be connected with each other and the road structure into a single whole, into a single network, which already has its own name - "car-to-X communication". Today, several companies, including Audi, have begun to create it. The point of development is to make it possible "communication" of your car not only with other cars, but also with infrastructure, such as webcams at intersections, traffic lights or traffic signs.
Knowing about the state of traffic lights, traffic congestion and road conditions, the machine can save energy by preventing the driver from unnecessary acceleration/deceleration. The machine can even reserve a parking space. If the car is in an emergency situation, it will be able to inform the surrounding cars so that other drivers can slow down in time and avoid a collision.
Audi showcases some of these innovations with an example E-tron
https://www.youtube.com/v/iRDRbLVTFrQ
Security Improvement
Speaking about technologies that can improve the security situation, developers see one of the main tasks in "keep" us on the same lane or even on the road in especially difficult cases .
Improved engine start system
In fact, such systems are not a matter of tomorrow, but of today. But it is impossible not to say about them, since they are one of the elements of the very efficiency of resource use. It's about about the system auto start or engine stop.
Such solutions can already be observed on almost everyone: when it stops, the engines turn off; to start off, you do not need to start the engine again, but just press the gas pedal. And if we talk about the future of this technology, then it can eventually be tightly integrated with the car-to-X system, to further reduce fuel consumption. For example, given the information that a traffic light at an intersection has turned red, the car can turn off the main engine and continue driving on the electric motor only, thereby saving some energy.
Autopilot or precise cruise control
Brake assistance systems via vehicle-mounted echo sounders/lasers or radars have already become standard option installed in expensive cars. But, like other developments that first appeared in cars of the upper price range, this one will also soon migrate to a cheaper segment.
This kind of technology, which able to avoid collision with the vehicle in front, can help in traffic safety and is useful mainly to novice drivers, so its appearance will be very useful. If manufacturers continue to improve this technology, and it will, we may soon see something similar to autopilot.
“Our goal for 2020 is that no one gets hurt by Volvo cars”, says senior security adviser Thomas Berger, speaking of new pedestrian detection system V .
Motion monitoring or "Dead Zones"
Two more, undoubtedly, necessary technologies that can help improve the security situation are the monitoring of so-called " dead zones" And lane crossing warning system. For example, new system, which is planned to be installed in cars starting in 2011, combines these two technologies. The system will not only be able to warn the driver if he without a turn signal will start rebuilding to the adjacent lane, but prevent rebuilding if the row is occupied by another vehicle. Naturally, Infiniti won't be the only car where we'll see this kind of technology.
The so-called "blind zone". Companies such as BMW, Ford, GM, Mazda and Volvo offer special systems that use cameras or sensors built into the mirrors controlling dead zones. small light bulbs alarm, installed next to the rear-view mirrors, warn the driver that the car is in the dead zone, and if there is no reaction from the driver and he starts rebuilding, the system is accepted more than a Actively warn of interference by making sounds, or, depending on the brand, begins steering wheel vibration. The downside is that similar systems only work at low speeds.
Cross Traffic Alert System: this is a radar that operates on the basis of a monitoring system for "dead zones". The system is able to detect the movement of vehicles in a cross direction while driving in reverse. Cross Traffic Alert is able to determine the approach of a car at a distance of 19.8 meters from both the left and right sides, where special radars are installed. This feature is currently available on Ford vehicles and Lincoln.
Crossing the road markings
Several companies, including Audi, BMW, Ford, Infiniti, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan and Volvo, offer similar friend to another solution. The system uses small road marking cameras, and if you cross it without turning on the turn signal, the system gives a warning sign. Depending on the system, this may be Sound or light signals, steering wheel vibration, or slight belt tension. For example, Infiniti uses automatic braking
on one side of the car to prevent the vehicle from leaving the lane.
parking
The day is not far off when cars will be able to drive without human assistance. I set the desired destination, and you sit to yourself, sip coffee and look through the morning press. But while this day has not yet come, and many automakers are beginning to slowly prepare us for this. For example, many companies are already installing automated parking assistance systems. Such systems operate as follows: the car uses radar to determine whether there is enough space to park. Further, it helps the driver to choose the correct steering angle and practically puts the car into the parking space himself. Of course, so far it cannot do without human help, but very soon such systems will appear in which human participation will not be necessary at all. You can get out of the car and watch the whole process from the side.
Driver status tracking: a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a driver drunk driving(and you need to drink that in the norm of the law).
Vehicle-integrated tracking systems that recognize signs of fatigue in the movements and reactions of the driver and warn of the need for a break, are available from several car manufacturers. These are Lexus, Mercedes-Benz, Saab and Volvo. For example, in Mercedes, such a system is called Attention Assist: it first learns the driving style, in particular rotation of the steering wheel rim, turning on the direction indicators and pressing the pedals, and also monitors some control actions of the driver and such external factors such as crosswinds and uneven road surfaces. If Attention Assist recognizes that the driver is tired, it informs them to stop for a short rest. Attention Assist does this with an audible signal and a warning message in the instrument cluster display.
In Volvo cars there is also a similar system, but it works a little differently. The system does not control the behavior of the driver, but evaluates the movement of the car on the road. If something goes wrong, the system alerts the driver before the situation becomes critical.
Night vision cameras
Night vision systems can help reduce traffic accidents at night time. Currently offered by companies such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi in the new A8. Such systems can help the driver to see dark time day pedestrians, animals or better to see road signs. BMW uses this for this. infrared camera, which sends the image to the monitor in black and white. The camera distinguishes objects at a distance of up to 300 meters. infrared Mercedes-Benz system has more short range, but is capable of delivering more sharp image, however, its disadvantage is bad job at low temperatures .
And Toyota engineers have been working lately to improve night vision systems that can help drivers navigate more confidently at night. They recently unveiled a prototype camera based on algorithms and imaging principles discovered by studying the functioning of the eyes of nocturnal beetles, bees and moths, which can see in a wider range of colors, and is also adapted to more fully capture light that is not so much in the darkness of the night. The new digital image processing algorithm can capture high quality full color images in low light conditions from a moving on high speeds car. Plus, the camera is able to automatically adapt to changes in light levels.
Demonstration of the operation of a thermal imager - a night vision camera for a car
https://www.youtube.com/v/ghzyW0HaXMs
Seat belts
Last year, Ford introduced the world's first seat belts with inflatable pillows
. According to the developers, this system will significantly increase the protection of rear seat passengers, and especially young children, who are more likely than adults to be injured in an accident. Integrated seat belt airbag inflates in 40 milliseconds. It is planned that similar Ford belts will equip Explorer 2011 models model year, but only for rear passengers. In the future, similar systems will be extended to other automakers.
https://www.youtube.com/v/MN5htEaRk4A
Hybrids and electrics
Recently, almost all automakers, both large and small, are trying to achieve greater efficiency, or coefficient useful action, from power units, while relying on new types of fuels and engines, trying to reduce consumption and increase the average mileage per charge / filling. Already today we can observe a large number of mass-produced, and almost every automaker has a hybrid car in its portfolio. In the next decade, there will only be more of them.
Wireless battery charging
In connection with the upcoming spread of cars on batteries, the question of their trouble-free, and most importantly, fast reload. Of course, you can unwind the extension cord with the plug from the car and connect it to a regular outlet. But this is not available to everyone.
It is difficult to imagine a city dweller pulling a plug to the sixth floor. Or the option with free sockets on the streets looks absolutely futuristic. Another option, which seems not so fantastic, is induction charging device . In addition, the technology is already being tested on smaller devices such as iPods and mobile phones. These kinds of chargers could be built into parking spaces in large stores, for example.
Active aerodynamics
Despite the fact that all automakers have long been using wind tunnels, and in this aspect there is room for improvement.
For example, BMW, in its concept car BMW Vision Efficient Dynamics, has already successfully used systems air intake controls. Depending on the driving conditions and the outside air temperature, the dampers in front of the radiator are opened or closed by a signal from the system. If they are closed, this improves aerodynamics and reduces engine warm-up time, thereby reducing fuel consumption. Naturally, BMW is not the only company using this technology.
KERS - regenerative braking
This is a type of electrical braking in which the electrical energy generated traction motors operating in generator mode is returned to the electrical network.
Only in the 2009 season in "" on some fireballs the kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is used. It was expected that this would spur development in the field of hybrid cars and further improvements to this system.
As you know, Ferrari introduced a hybrid coupe based on the 599th model, with KERS system.
Cars of the future
2057 year. The limited space of city streets and vertical architecture require the automotive industry to create newest cars who can survive in urban jungle And arrange vertical races. Innovative Solutions automakers find themselves in biomimicry, where four nano-laser wheels easily adapt to any track.
held together by magnetic fields), which can be restored to its shape with a single click on the alarm key fob or inside the car. The driver will be able to choose the type of car body from several possible “pre-installed” skins. The choice of car color is simply unlimited - a dream for girls who choose their car to match the color of their favorite lipstick.
Magnetic fields will help the concept instantly regenerate after being hit. SilverFlow restores its original form with a simple "reload". The appearance of gold areas will inform about the completion of the "transformation" and the readiness of the car for the trip.
The transfer of mechanical energy to the wheels, according to Mercedes, is transmitted by a special liquid, the molecules of which are set in motion by electrostatic nanomotors. Four swivel wheels allow the car to turn on the spot and park sideways. You won’t find a steering wheel and usual pedals in SilverFlow, acceleration and direction of movement will be set by two levers mounted on the sides of the driver’s seat.
Honda Zeppelin
This Honda, was created by a student who studied at the Department of Automobile Design at Hongik University, which is located in Korea.
Sequence GT
Top news of the week
Now the expected novelties of AvtoVAZ 2018 are being vigorously discussed. Interest in them was also fueled by the company's president, Nicolas Maure, who, on the eve of the new year 2017, in his interview in Ust-Kamenogorsk, told the public about the prospects of the Lada lineup.
Priority tasks have been set for all AvtoVAZ enterprises:
- transfer the entire line of manufactured cars to the new X-design;
- release eight new Lada models over the next 10 years;
- to form a positive attitude of the population towards domestic cars by significantly improving their quality.
Previously, the Russian auto industry did not indulge us with new products. They were rare, and even more often in the form of modernization. Now quantity domestic models decreased, but they are actively developing. Automakers have recently announced new products with enviable constancy. It is interesting to look at the new AvtoVAZ 2017/2018 models (photos of the models are located under their description).
This SUV will be the first model to be launched in late 2017 and enter full production in 2018. It is created on the basis of ordinary Vesta. According to AvtoVAZ President N. Mora, it will cost about 800 thousand rubles, but apparently, it will please its future owners not only with increased ground clearance, but also with rich, well-thought-out basic equipment.
First, this elongated sedan was presented as a VIP car. It was made in one copy, in the form of an experiment. Then the next one appeared, a little upgraded version, and from the beginning of 2018, according to pre-orders, sales of this modification may already begin.
At the 2016 motor show in Moscow, AvtoVAZ presented this all-terrain sedan, designed on the basis of a station wagon. However, there is still no information about the launch time of the car on the conveyor. It is possible that such a car will not appear at all, although there should not be any special problems with the start of production.
But this car will appear for sure. Another domestic novelty of 2017-2018 is actually ready. It is equipped with a 1.8-liter 150-horsepower engine, has an original steering wheel. Rear mounted disc brakes instead of drums, in front - with a diameter of 286 mm versus 260 mm. 18th inch wheels on Continental tires will be delivered in basic configuration. Surprising price tag - almost a million.
The creators of this off-road vehicle have not yet decided whether the car will be all-wheel drive. Without this, the car will be an ordinary hatchback with a plastic body kit and slightly increased ground clearance. The start of sales is promised at the beginning of 2018. Most likely, consumers will be offered both options: front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive.
Perhaps this car will appear a little earlier. It does not require a 4 x 4 drive, and everything that is needed to modify the “sport” hatchback has already been tested on the Vesta Sport sedan. Although AvtoVAZ did not announce the release date of the model, we will expect this promising domestic novelty to appear no later than 2018.
In the fall of 2018, it is planned to start production of the second generation of the SUV. It has not yet been shown even in the form of a prototype. It is assumed that the car will be larger than the parent; it will remain in both the three- and five-door versions of the body. Under the hood will be a 1.8 liter engine for 122 horsepower. The transmission will be seriously upgraded.
Lada 4x4 II amateur render
Lada 4×4 dual-fuel SUV model
The trunk will accommodate a 90-liter cylinder for refueling with methane. This volume of gas should be enough for about 1000 kilometers. Engine power will be 83 hp. when working on gasoline, and a little less - 75 liters. With. - using gas fuel. Accordingly, the maximum speed will also decrease: 123 km / h. instead of 137 km/h.
In 2016, AvtoVAZ presented a stylish conceptual subcompact SUV, made in the corporate X-shaped style. There is still no reliable data on the release time for the assembly line of this model, but there are prerequisites for the fact that it will be the end of 2018, although it is unlikely to appear in car dealerships before 2019.
One of the most demanded by Russians (and not only!) VAZ models. In the updated version, modified racks and body kits will appear, the radius of the wheels will increase (16 inches) and the ground clearance will rise (175 mm). The car will be equipped with an improved engine and GLONASS system.
The management of AvtoVAZ, in addition to the listed models of the Lada brand, voiced a desire to bring another new budget car to the Russian market at a price lower than the cheapest of their existing AvtoVAZ cars. What kind of car it will be, and when domestic motorists will see it, is not yet known.
Ulyanovsk novelties
Despite the fact that in the light of the new transformations at AvtoVAZ, the attention of most motorists is riveted to it, domestic auto industry only this company is not limited. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, and it does not stop there. In 2017, a new model of the UAZ 3170 SUV is brought to the market.
The famous “hunter” will appear in a new guise - the UAZ Hunter SUV. It will be distinguished by increased safety and greater than before, comfort in management. Design changes expected dashboard, the gearbox will become smoother.
UAZ Cargo will not be left without updates. The carrying capacity of the latter will increase from 800 kg to 1500 kg, that is, almost twice. This is sure to please those who use the pickup for commercial purposes.
The novelties of the Russian automotive industry in 2017/2018 are not limited to this. Recently, GAZ announced work on a new generation of minibuses "Gazelle - Next", and its division Likinsky bus factory preparing for release tourist buses for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Water injection into cylinders
Pour water into the combustion chamber?! Chrysler, General Motors, Saab have dabbled in it in the past. And recently this idea under the name WaterBoost was revived by Bosch. The nozzle sprays a small portion of water into the intake pipe to ignite the combustible mixture, and this cools the combustion chamber in extreme heat or at high loads and engine speeds. But why is this necessary? Even a modern engine for cooling combustion chambers injects fuel into them, which, evaporating, takes away heat. And replacing fuel with water allows, according to the company, to reduce fuel consumption by 13% and reduce CO2 emissions by 4% - in our age of hard struggle for the environment and economy, these are significant numbers.
The supply of water itself is enough for more than 2000 km. Along the way, water injection also adds about 5% of the power of the turbo engine due to oxygenation of the forced air. Bosch believes that WaterBoost will work best on compact three- and four-cylinder engines. But the 500-horsepower BMW M4 GTS sports coupe with a 3-liter biturbo “six” has been the first to try on this decision. Next in line - simpler cars? However, Bosch is still solving the issue of the operation of this system in winter. But given that minders are already close to the limits of ICE capabilities, the game can be worth the candle.
benzodiesel
Already in 2019, a new Mazda3 with a Skyactive-X compressor engine, which combines the qualities of gasoline and diesel engines, will enter the world markets. The new Mazda 2-liter engines are distinguished by an almost "diesel" compression ratio: compared to the atmospheric Skyactive-G, it is increased from 14:1 to 15:1. Fuel injection now also takes place almost under "diesel" pressure, which reaches 1000 bar. Another feature of the new engine family is the SPCCI (Spark Plug Controlled Compression Ignition) duty cycle, that is, compression ignition with spark ignition control.
Mazda expects that new engine will be 20-30% more economical, and torque - 10-20% higher. The expected return is about 190 hp. and 230 Nm.
In this cycle, a small amount of fuel is injected on the intake stroke to form an ultra-lean mixture. Then, at the end of the compression stroke, another portion of gasoline is injected, a spark is supplied and a so-called “pilot” charge is formed around the candle: it raises the pressure in the combustion chamber and ignites the lean mixture. Mazda uses this cycle at low to medium loads with an air-fuel ratio of 30:1, although typically gasoline engines use more fuel at a 15:1 ratio. At high loads, the Skyactive-X operates like a conventional spark ignition engine.
Smart tire sensors
Tire pressure sensors are no surprise today. But Continental has recently expanded the capabilities of this familiar device by developing a new electronic system informing about the condition of the tires (Electronic Tire Information System). In it, a special sensor is not located on the rim, but is introduced at the production stage already into the tire itself, under the tread tape - you can no longer damage it at the tire fitting.
Taking into account the nature of tire rolling and deformation, such a sensor reports not only pressure, but also the amount of tread wear and even the degree of wheel load. That is, the automation can complain not only about an overload or a drop in tire pressure, but it will also tell the driver when it is necessary to change the tires “for wear”. By the way, in April 2018, Continental announced that eTIS sensors in the future will also warn the driver about the risk of aquaplaning, and the stabilization system will be activated along the way.
"Mirror" brake discs
WITH the newest generation Cayenne crossover, introduced in August 2017, Porsche has reinvented the wheel. More precisely, brake discs, calling them Porsche Surface Coated Brakes. They are based on a conventional ventilated cast iron "pancake", but the company claims to be the first in the world to apply a tungsten carbide coating on it. Its thickness is only 0.1 mm, while tungsten carbide is considered one of the hardest materials in the world, and in this indicator it surpasses cast iron by several times.
After high-temperature spraying, the mirror coating does not fade during operation, rust does not take it, and when working with special pads, such brake discs “dust” much less. By the way, to emphasize the purity of the work of these mechanisms, brake calipers specially painted white. At the same time, "mirror" discs are 30% more tenacious than cast iron ones, and cost three times cheaper than carbon ceramics, to which they are close in terms of thermal stability during aggressive braking. No wonder the new Cayenne Turbo has them in basic equipment, and for other trim levels it is an option. And then the only question is how quickly competitors will borrow this technology ...
"Digital" suspension
Adaptive suspensions that adapt to the terrain and are able to change the stiffness of shock absorbers are still the lot expensive cars. But the American company Tenneco (shock absorbers Monroe and Rancho - its factories) intends to transfer adjustable shock absorbers to the mass segment of V / C cars. For this, the company developed the DRiV (Digital Ride Control Valve) damping technology. The essence of the system is in an inexpensive valve with three channels of different diameters, the fluid flow through which is regulated by digitally controlled solenoids.
Closing and opening the channels in different combinations, such a shock absorber has from 8 to 16 damping "scenarios". And the quick switching between them mimics the operation of more expensive adaptive struts with constantly working control valves. At the same time, in order to reduce the cost of the design, all control mechatronics, the control unit and accelerometers are assembled inside the DRiV shock absorber itself. That is, it can be put on almost any car - just connect the power supply. Connection to the CAN-bus of data exchange in modern cars is also provided.
GAZ A-Aero Experimental ‘1934 Produced in a single copy
GAZ A-Aero was based on the chassis of the serial GAZ A 1932. The body was made anew and was a wooden frame sheathed with steel sheets. In 1934, it was different from everything that the domestic industry produced: faired fenders with half-recessed headlights, a V-shaped windshield tilted 45 degrees, completely covered with fairings rear wheels and a large rear overhang.
Engine - standard motor GAS A with a volume of 3285 cm3 equipped with an aluminum cylinder head, and increased the compression ratio to 5.45, increasing its power to 48 hp. The results of sea trials were revolutionary - fuel consumption was reduced by more than 25%, and the maximum speed increased from 80 km/h to 106 km/h compared to the GAZ A.
GAZ A-Aero itself was transferred Automobile Council CA to study. Here traces of the unique car are lost.
GAZ M1 Taxi Experienced ‘1936
Taxi version based on GAZ M1, produced at the plant in 1936. Outwardly, it was distinguished by the Taxi identification lamp, a folding luggage rack was installed at the back, which is why spare wheel was moved to the left front fender. The car was not mass-produced, and the role of a taxi in major cities performed the usual "Emki" equipped with a taximeter.
GAZ 31 Experienced ‘1938
An experimental version of the three-axle chassis GAZ 30, designed for installation on wheeled armored vehicles PB 7, BA 3 and BA 6. The frame of the car was reinforced with steel beams welded to it cargo platform. The cross-country geometry is improved by freely rotating spare wheels, installed in the same way as on armored vehicles so that they serve as road wheels. An additional 50-liter gas tank was installed. Unlike serial trucks, the GAZ M1 engine with a gasoline pump was installed on the GAZ 31.
GAZ VM Experimental ‘1938 2 units produced
An experimental half-track vehicle was created at NATI based on the GAZ M1. The design of the rear caterpillar bogie repeated that tested on the cargo NATI VZ. The car could move not only on rubber tracks but also on wheels.
GAZ GL-1 ‘1938 Produced in a single copy
In 1938, the GAZ GL-1 was modernized: the car received a 6-cylinder GAZ 11 engine with an aluminum head, a new radiator lining, a closed body with an asymmetric fairing cap, and aerodynamic wheel covers. Weight increased to 1100 kg, despite the fact that the GL-1 became a single. The engine power was increased to 100 hp. through the use of two carburetors. In 1940, Arkady Fedorovich Nikolaev, head of the GAZ road test department, reached a speed of 161.87 km / h in a car and set a USSR record. GAZ GL-1 was dismantled in 1938. Its chassis and engine were partially used to build a new racing car - GL-3.
GAZ 67-420 Experienced ‘1943 Produced in a single copy e
On October 18, 1943, the GAZ bus shop showed an experimental version of the GAZ 67-420 with a fully enclosed body (wooden top, sides, doors), more practical and convenient in our weather conditions. The mass of the car increased by 25 kg, the rest of the indicators did not change.
They did not begin to build this car in series, but it became the reason for the creation of many options for a closed body at repair bases
BA 64Z Experienced ‘1943 Produced in a single copy
Experimental ski-caterpillar armored car powered by Nezhdanovsky. The letter "Z" means "Winter".
VICTORY - Nami 1948 Produced in a single copy
Experimental sample-carrier of aggregates future model ZIM GAZ 12.
GAZ 12A ZiM Phaeton Experienced ‘1949 2 units produced
Two experimental ZiM models with a phaeton body were built in early 1949, tested in the summer of the same year and presented in Moscow to the country's top leadership. The fabric roof stretched over a tubular frame, the celluloid windows were removable. The necessary strengthening of the open monocoque body led to an increase in its mass and, accordingly, to a deterioration in dynamics. The car did not go into the series.
GAZ "Torpedo" '1951
Racing car SG-2 better known to the public as "Torpedo-GAZ" (1951). was created after "Victory-sport" by designer A. A. Smolin. He abandoned the body of the "Victory", even if it was redesigned, creating a load-bearing teardrop-shaped aluminum body completely new design using aviation technologies. The car turned out to be lighter than Pobeda-Sport, while having better streamlining. Its frame is a set of duralumin profiles, sheathing is made of aluminum sheet. Two All-Union speed records were set on the SG-2 GAZ-Torpedo.
GAZ 48 (MAV 3) ‘1952
An experimental model of an all-wheel drive amphibian with a larger displacement and characteristics that differed from the GAZ 011. In 1952, two cars were built: one with a GAZ 12 engine with a serial GAZ 011 body - for testing on land and off-road, the second copy - with load-bearing body catamaran type - for hydrodynamic tests. None of the prototypes justified either the installation of a more powerful engine, or the construction of more complex body. Instead of the declared 16 km / h, the amphibian on the water developed 10.5 km / h - half a kilometer per hour more than the GAZ 011.
An experimental version of a half-track truck on the GAZ 51 chassis with a replaceable propulsion unit. Several samples were built after the test cycles of the experimental GAZ 41, which showed a low resource and inappropriateness in normal, off-road conditions. Several options for tracked trucks were proposed, which, if necessary, could be installed on standard GAZ 51 and GAZ 63 instead of wheels rear axle. They differed in the configuration and size of the tracks - metal and rubber-metal.
GAZ 51 Snow and swamp vehicle Experienced ‘1953–54
GAZ TR was founded in 1954. The car had a drop-shaped aerodynamic body, or rather a frameless single fuselage, sheathed with heat-treated aluminum sheets. It had a small vertical keel of directional stability, as well as lateral aerodynamic planes - “fins”, as A.A. called them. Smolin, the lead designer of this apparatus. These "fins" served to attach the aerodynamic planes-ailerons, which, while moving at high speeds, could change the aerodynamic characteristics of the device. Air intakes were located on the sides of the GAZ TR hull turbojet engine RD-500, which had a thrust of 1590 kg. In the early 1950s, the engine was used to power the nascent jet aircraft. The chassis of the GAZ TR had a 4-wheel chassis with independent suspension of all wheels from the GAZ 12 ZiM with front steered wheels. At the same time, the car did not have driving wheels due to the lack of a direct mechanical connection between the engine and the car's transmission. As a test pilot of GAZ TR, the well-known race car driver M.A. Metelev, by that time a two-time champion of the USSR in motorsport. The estimated speed of the device was supposed to be about 500 km / h, but due to the lack of a specially prepared track and high-speed tires, the maximum speed under the test run program should not exceed 300 km / h. Tests of the apparatus were discontinued for various reasons. Later, attempts were made to resume them, but the topic was finally closed.
GAZ M-73 Experienced ‘1955 2 units produced
Compact all-wheel drive vehicle, conceptually similar to the GAZ M-72, was designed by the group of G.M. Wasserman. The machines were tested in 1955. The car was intended for rural leaders, for example, chairmen of collective farms. The capacities of GAZ did not allow to expand production, so one of the samples was transferred to MZMA, where it was used to create the Moskvich 410.
GAZ 62B Experienced ‘1956
In the spring of 1956, an experimental model GAZ-62B (8x8) was built in the experimental workshop of GAZ in order to search for transmission schemes, independent suspension, non-central wheel gears and sealed brakes for the future 8x8 all-terrain vehicle. Lead designer - V.N. Kuzovkin, designers-aggregators R.G. Zavorotny, I.V. Irkhin, E.V. Olkhov, B.N. Pankratov and others.
GAZ-62B had a carrying capacity of 1200 kg, its full mass with a load was 4167 kg. Wheelbase- 3450 mm, track of all wheels - 1668 mm, ground clearance - 425 mm. The turning of the car was carried out due to four wheels front bogie with a base of 1200 mm. With the GAZ-12 engine (94.5 hp), the car developed top speed 80.2 km/h. From the GAZ-62 model of 1952, a transfer case, 10.00-16 ″ tires, a windshield, elements of the front fenders, hood and radiator lining, as well as innovative limited-slip cam differentials in the main gears and sealed brakes were used. The tires had adjustable pressure.
GAZ 16A Experienced ‘1962
The GAZ 16A car with aerodynamic unloading was created at GAZ in 1962 under the leadership of the lead designer A.A. Smolina. The essence of the idea was to teach an ordinary car to overcome small impassable abysses with the help of an air cushion. To this end, the body of the car was given a shape capable of holding a zone from below high blood pressure without using a fence. This was done in order to combine in one device the advantages of a conventional car (efficiency and resource when driving on normal roads) and a car on air cushion in terms of high cross-country ability (with its huge fuel consumption, noise and visibility). A car rushing along the road at a speed of up to 170 km / h (the engine developed a power of 190 hp), when it met an obstacle that was insurmountable for the wheels, spun the pumping propellers, rose 150 mm above the supporting surface and crawled over the obstacle at a snail's speed of 40 km / h. TsAGI specialists (V.I. Khanzhonkov) also took part in the development of the car, who helped give the car an almost perfectly streamlined shape. The result turned out, as expected, intermediate in the opposite direction. Absolutely oversized car, which hardly fits on a normal road - and a hovercraft that wastes the power of the lifting propellers completely irrationally.
GAZ 2304 "Burlak" Experienced '1993–94
Cargo-passenger car developed on the basis of GAZ 31029. On the basis of this model, a GAZ 2304 pickup and cargo-passenger van, as well as an isothermal van, were planned. All machines had a load capacity of 700 kg. The cabin "Burlak" could accommodate up to 8 passengers. GAZ planned to produce "Burlak" in three modifications: cargo, utility van, as well as special vehicles for police and ambulances. In the future, "Burlak" could be equipped with a dump platform. Both gasoline and diesel engines were assumed as the power plant of these cars. Trailers were also developed for the new Volga family - cargo gas 8156 and transformable into a summer cottage GAZ 8160. Tests GAZ 2304 "Burlak" were completed in 1994, in the same year it was presented to the public at the autumn Nizhny Novgorod fair. The model was planned to be launched in mass production in 1995, but at that time there was no free capacity for production.
"Motohata-96" on the chassis GAZ 33021 ‘1996
The Motohata project owed its birth to the Moscow company of the same name. As a base for the camper, the developers decided to use the GAZ 33021 GAZelle chassis, as a result of which the car had to be cheaper than its own. foreign analogues and, importantly, cheaper to maintain and repair. For the serial production of the camper, the Kurgan Bus Plant was chosen in the person of its subsidiary Vika LLP. The residential module is made using the technologies used in Kurgan - the frame is welded from rectangular steel profiles and sheathed with aluminum external panels.
GAZ 3103 "Volga" Prototype '1997 Produced in a single copy
GAZ 3106 "Ataman II" 2000 Produced in a single copy
GAZ 2705 "Gazelle Convertible" '2005
At the Motor Show automobile exhibition in 2005, a 9-seater excursion and ceremonial minibus was presented, which was intended to serve delegations, both in large rooms and on outdoors. The car GAZ 2705 "Gazelle Cabriolet" was awarded a diploma of the Grand Prix competition of the magazine " commercial vehicles" in the nomination "Special Prize of the exhibition "Motor Show" in 2005 for the originality of the design.
