BMW AG is a manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, engines and bicycles headquartered in Munich, Germany. The company owns the Mini and Rolls-Royce brands. It is one of the top three German manufacturers of premium cars, which are leaders in terms of sales worldwide.
In 1913, two small aircraft engine companies were founded in Munich by Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto. After the outbreak of the First World War, the need for their products increased dramatically, and the owners of the two companies decided to merge. So in 1917, a company called Bayerische MotorenWerke (“Bavarian engine factories»).
After the end of the war, the production of aircraft engines in Germany was banned under the Treaty of Versailles. Then the owners of the company changed their profile to the production of motorcycle engines, and later motorcycles. However, despite the high quality of products, the company's business was not going well.
In the early 1920s, businessmen Gothaer and Shapiro bought BMW. In 1928 they acquire car factory in Eisenach, and with it the right to produce Dixi cars, which were converted British Austin 7s.
The subcompact Dixi was quite progressive for its time: it was equipped with a four-cylinder engine, an electric starter and brakes on all four wheels. The machine immediately became popular in Europe, with 15,000 Dixi produced in 1928 alone. In 1929, the model was renamed the BMW 3/15 DA-2.
BMW Dixi (1928-1931)
During the years of the Great Depression, the Bavarian automaker survived by producing a licensed small car. However, it soon became clear that a world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer could not be satisfied with the release british car. Then BMW engineers started working on their own car.
The first BMW model own design was 303. She immediately got a strong start in the market thanks to a six-cylinder engine with a volume of 1.2 liters and a power of 30 hp. Weighing only 820 kg, the car had excellent dynamic characteristics. At the same time, the first outlines of the design of the characteristic radiator grille of the brand in the form of elongated ovals appeared.
The platform of this car was then used to produce models 309, 315, 319 and 329.
BMW 303 (1933-1934)
In 1936, the impressive sports car BMW 328 appears. Among the innovative engineering developments in this model were an aluminum chassis, a tubular frame and a hemispherical engine combustion chamber, which ensured more durable and productive pistons and valves.
This car is considered the first in today's popular CSL line. In 1999, he entered the top 25 finalists of the international competition "Car of the Century". 132 automotive journalists from all over the world voted.
The BMW 328 has won many sporting competitions, including the Mille Miglia (1928), RAC Rally (1939), Le Mans 24 (1939).
BMW 328 (1936-1940)
In 1937, the BMW 327 appears, notable for the fact that it was produced intermittently until 1955, including in the zone of Soviet occupation. It was presented in coupe and convertible bodies. Initially, a 55-horsepower engine was installed on cars, later an 80-horsepower power unit was optionally offered.
The model received a shortened frame from the BMW 326. The brakes were equipped with hydraulic drive on all wheels. The metal surfaces of the body were attached to a wooden frame. Convertible doors opened forward, coupe - back. To achieve the required angle of inclination, the front and rear glass was made from two parts.
Behind the front axle was a six-cylinder in-line engine from a 328 model with two Solex carburetors and a double chain drive from a BMW 326. The car accelerated to 125 km / h. Its price ranged from 7,450 to 8,100 marks.
BMW 327 (1937-1955)
During the Second World War, the company did not produce cars, but focused on the production of aircraft engines. In the post-war years, most of the enterprises were destroyed, some fell into the zone of occupation of the USSR, where cars continued to be produced from existing components.
The remaining factories, according to the plan of the Americans, were subject to demolition. However, the company began producing bicycles, household goods and light motorcycles, which helped to maintain production capacity.
The first post-war car begins to be produced in autumn 1952. Work on its design began before the war. It was a model 501 with a 2-liter in-line six-cylinder engine with 65 hp. The maximum speed of the car was 135 km / h. According to this indicator, the car was inferior to its rivals from Mercedes-Benz.
Nevertheless, he gave the automotive world some innovations, including curved glass, as well as lightweight parts made of light alloys. The model did not bring the company a good profit at home and was sold poorly abroad. The company was slowly approaching the financial abyss.
BMW 501 (1952-1958)
The Bavarian automaker decided to focus on the production of mass cars. The first of these was the Isetta model with an interesting appearance. It was an especially small class car with a door that opened in front of the body. It was a very cheap car, ideal for fast travel over short distances. In some countries, it could only be driven with a motorcycle license.
The car was equipped with a single-cylinder engine with a volume of 0.3 liters and a power of 13 hp. Power point allowed her to accelerate to 80 km / h. For those who like to travel, a small trailer for one and a half berths was offered. In addition, there was a cargo version of the model with a small trunk, which was used by the police. Until the early 1960s, about 160,000 units of the car were produced. It was he who helped the company survive during a period of financial difficulties.
BMW Isetta (1955-1962)
In 1955, the BMW 503 debuted at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The rejection of the central pillar made the car body especially stylish, a 140-horsepower V8 was located under the hood, and a top speed of 190 km / h finally made you fall in love with it. True, the price is 29,500 DM made the model inaccessible to the mass buyer: only 412 units of the BMW 503 were produced.
A year later, the stunning 507 Roadster appears, designed by Count Albrecht Hertz. The car was equipped with a 3.2-liter V8 engine, which developed 150 hp. The model accelerated to 220 km / h. She is also known for the fact that out of 252 copies produced, one was bought by Elvis Presley, who served in Germany.
BMW 507 (1956-1959)
By 1959, BMW was again on the verge of bankruptcy. Luxury sedans did not bring in enough cash injections, and neither did motorcycles. Buyers recovering from the war no longer wanted to hear about Isetta, and the financial situation was so deplorable that on December 9, at a shareholders' meeting, the question arose of selling the company to competitor Daimler-Benz. The last hope was the release of the BMW 700 with the body of the Italian company Michelotti. It was equipped with a small two-cylinder engine of 700 cc. cm and a power of 30 hp. Such a motor accelerated a small car up to 125 km / h. BMW 700 was accepted by the public with a bang. For the entire time of manufacture, 188,221 copies of the model were sold.
Already in 1961, the company was able to use the proceeds from the sale of "700" to develop a new model - BMW New Class 1500. However, the most important thing was that the car made it possible to avoid an unfriendly merger with a competitor and helped BMW to stay afloat.
BMW 700 (1959-1965)
At the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1961, a novelty was shown, which finally secured its future high status in the auto world for the brand. It was the Model 1500. In design, it was characterized by the recognizable "Hofmeister kink" on rear rack roof, aggressive front and characteristic "nostrils" of the grille.
The BMW 1500 was equipped with a 1.5-liter engine with a capacity of 75 to 80 hp. From the start to 100 km / h, the car accelerated in 16.8 seconds, and its maximum speed was 150 km / h. The demand for the model was so overwhelming that the Bavarian automaker opened new factories to meet it.
BMW 1500 (1962-1964)
In the same 1962, the BMW 3200 CS was released, the body of which was developed by Bertone. Since then, almost all BMW two-doors have had the letter C in their name.
Three years later, a coupe with automatic transmission appears for the first time. It was a BMW 2000 CS, and in 1968 the 2800 CS breaks the 200 km/h mark. Equipped with a 170-horsepower in-line “six”, the car managed to accelerate to 206 km / h.
In the 70s, 3-series, 5-series, 6-series, 7-series cars appear. With the release of the 5-series, the brand stopped focusing only on the niche of sports cars and began to develop the direction of comfortable sedans.
In 1972, the legendary BMW 3.0 CSL appears, which can be considered the first project of the M division. Initially, the car was produced with a six-cylinder in-line engine with two carburetors with a capacity of 180 hp. and a volume of 3 liters. With a car weighing 1,165 kg, it accelerated to “hundreds” in 7.4 seconds. The weight of the model was reduced through the use of aluminum in the manufacture of doors, hood, hood and trunk lid.
In August 1972, a version of the model with the Bosch D-Jetronic electronic injection system appears. Power increased to 200 hp, the acceleration time to 100 km/h was reduced to 6.9 seconds, and the top speed was 220 km/h.
In August 1973, the engine volume was increased to 3,153 cubic meters. cm, power was 206 hp. Special racing models equipped with engines of 3.2 and 3.5 liters and a power of 340 and 430 hp, respectively. In addition, they received special aerodynamic packages.
The Batmobile, as it was called, won six European Touring Championships. He also distinguished himself by the fact that he was the first among the models of the brand to receive a 24-valve engine, which was later installed on the M1 and M5. With its help, ABS was tested, which then went into the 7-series.
BMW 3.0 CSL (1971-1975)
In 1974, the world's first turbocharged mass-produced car, the 2002 Turbo, was released. Its 2-liter engine developed 170 hp. This allowed the car to accelerate to 100 km / h in 7 seconds and reach a “maximum speed” of 210 km / h.
In 1978, a mid-engined road sports car, unique in history, appears. It was developed for homologation: in order to race in groups 4 and 5, it was necessary to make 400 serial cars models. Of the 455 M1s produced from 1978 to 1981, only 56 were racing, and the rest were road copies.
The car was designed by Giugiaro of ItalDesign, while the chassis work was outsourced to Lamborghini.
3.5-liter inline-six engine with 277 hp located behind the driver's seat and transmitted torque to the rear wheels through a five-speed transmission. The car accelerated to “hundreds” in 5.6 seconds, and the maximum speed was 261 km / h.
BMW M1 (1978-1981)
In 1986, the BMW 750i comes out, which for the first time received a V12 engine. With a volume of 5 liters, he developed 296 hp. This car was the first, the speed of which was artificially limited at around 250 km / h. Later, other major automakers began to implement this practice.
In the same year, the fantastic Z1 roadster appears, which was originally developed as an experimental model as part of a brainstorming session. Unlimited engineers "painted" a car with excellent aerodynamics, thanks to the special design of the bottom, plastic body on a tubular frame and a futuristic appearance. Doors did not open in any of the usual ways, but were drawn into thresholds.
In its manufacture, the automaker has worked out the technology of using xenon lamps, as well as an integrated frame, door mechanism and pallet. In total, 8,000 cars of the model were assembled, with 5,000 on pre-order.
BMW Z1 (1986-1991)
In 1999, the first BMW SUV appeared - the X5 model. Its sporty nature caused quite a buzz at the Detroit Auto Show. The car was characterized by an impressive ground clearance, traction control and all-wheel drive for off-road, as well as enough power to compete on equal terms with the brand's passenger models on asphalt.
BMW X5 (1999)
In 2000-2003, the BMW Z8 is produced, a two-seater sports car, which many collectors of the brand call one of the most beautiful cars throughout history.
When creating the design, the designers sought to show the 507 model, which would be produced at the beginning of the 21st century. She got aluminum body on spatial frame, 5-liter engine with 400 hp and six-speed mechanical box Getrag gear.
The model was used as a Bond car in the film The World Is Not Enough.
BMW Z8 (2000-2003)
In 2011, BMW AG founded the new division BMW i, which specializes in hybrid and electric vehicles.
The division's first models were the i3 hatchback and the i8 coupe. They debuted in 2011 at the Frankfurt Motor Show.
The BMW i3 was launched in 2013. It is equipped with an electric motor with a capacity of 168 hp. and rear wheel drive system. The maximum speed of the car is 150 km/h. The average fuel consumption of the i3 RangeExtender is 0.6 l/100 km. Hybrid version of the car received a 650 cc engine internal combustion which recharges the electric motor.
BMW i3 (2013)
Official sales of brand cars in Russia began in 1993, when the first BMW dealer appeared in Moscow. Now the company boasts the most developed network of dealers among luxury automakers in our country. Since 1997, the assembly of cars of the brand has been established at the Kaliningrad enterprise Avtotor.
BMW AG is today one of the leading manufacturers of premium cars. Its factories are located in Germany, Malaysia, Thailand, South Africa, India, Egypt, the USA and Russia. In China, BMW cooperates with Huacheng Auto Holding and produces cars under the Brilliance brand.
Luxury, high quality and prestige are the hallmarks of BMW vehicles. A large number of car lovers sleep and see themselves as the owner of a car produced in German factories. Any company that has achieved success and become a real legend cherishes its technologies and innovative ideas. The same can be said about BMW: the management of the concern keeps its secrets behind seven seals. But still there is an opportunity to get to the plant. See with your own eyes how the assembly is going BMW cars in Germany everyone can.
Where else is BMW assembled?
The main production facilities are located in Germany and the USA. In addition, cars are assembled in other countries: Egypt, Thailand, South Africa, India, Malaysia, Russia. Basically, in these countries, the assembly of finished elements of the future car takes place. But not all parts are made in Germany. Many components are produced by other enterprises located in different parts of the globe. For example, rear optics are made in Italy, and wheel disks in Sweden. Automotive leather for salons is ordered in South Africa. Oddly enough, automatic transmissions are made in Japan. In total, more than 600 firms and companies supply Bavarian factories.
All key factories are located in Germany. In Berlin, motorcycles of the company of all modifications are produced. BMW 1 Series, 2 Series Coupe, BMW X1, BMW i3, BMW i8, BMW 2 Series Active Tourer are assembled in Leipzig. Motors are produced on the outskirts of the old town of Regensburg. It is only an hour from Munich.
Assembly of the BMW 3 Series in Germany
The main manufacturer is located in Munich on the Bavarian soil. BMW 3 series is assembled here. At the entrance to the city, tourists are greeted by a huge building. It rises many floors up. The architectural complex consists of four cylinders interconnected. Near the Bayerische Motoren Werk AG skyscraper there is a museum and a huge exhibition hall. Its roof is decorated with a huge branded emblem, which is familiar to all motorists. Entrance to the museum is absolutely free. Anyone can get acquainted with the history of BMW cars, touch the real legend of the world car industry.
The total area of the plant in Munich is several hundred hectares. The scale of production is such that even in 2 hours it is not possible to bypass the entire plant. Pressing, welding, painting, assembly shops and a small test track are located here. The plant has its own heating main, substation and restaurant. In total, the plant employs 6,700 people. With their help, more than 170 thousand BMW cars are produced per year.
Everything is very strict on the territory of the Bavarian factories, the movement of strangers around the territory is allowed only as part of excursion groups led by a guide. You can drive a car at speeds up to 30 km/h. The local police has the right, in case of violation of the established rules, to prohibit the arrival of personal vehicles on the territory of the plant for a period of 2 or more months.
Press
BMW production begins in the press shop. You will not see workers here, everything is automated. At the entrance to the machine, metal twisted into a roll. A minute later, the finished part comes out from under the press. For the manufacture of various body elements, metal of different thicknesses is used. All this is controlled by a computer system.
Serial production of BMW parts
Welding
The next stage is the welding shop. The stamped parts are sent for welding. A large number of robots work quickly and smoothly in a small area. Their metal manipulators are literally a couple of millimeters apart from each other. The whole process is calculated in seconds. Literally before our eyes appears the body of the future car. Then he moves on. The next step is priming and galvanizing.
Painting
The work of robots in the paint shop can be called a miracle of engineering. A dozen manipulators paint the prepared body, they themselves open the doors, hood and trunk lid. The most amazing thing: the robot filed another body for painting, the car is painted in green color, the next case can be painted in a completely different color, for example, red or white. All this without stopping and any flushing of spray guns.
The air temperature in the workshop is approximately 90-100 degrees Celsius. In painting, the property of particles that have charges of different poles is used. From the course of school physics it is known that they are attracted. The body of the car has a “-”, and the paint has a “+”. In this case paintwork lays down perfectly flat. Then the body is sent to the oven so that the paint and varnish are completely dry. A multi-colored river flows under the conveyor. This is process water, with the help of which paint particles are collected that did not fall on the body. Then it is cleaned and returned to the paint shop for reuse.
Assembly
In the assembly shop, 90% of operations are performed by human hands. There are a total of 10 robots to build. They are used to install heavy elements and assemblies. Installed in order:
- engines with attachments;
- the suspension and steering mechanism are assembled;
- installs electrical wiring;
- interior elements are mounted: carpet, seats, panel, rear shelf.
Only highly qualified personnel work in this shop. In order not to get confused in such a huge number of details, computers help people. Package maps have been drawn up for each model, the delivery system has been worked out with German precision: one mistake, and the whole process can stop.
Management encourages staff training. The motto works: "If you want to get more - study." Many workers can perform various operations. They are periodically placed in different areas of the assembly during one shift. This greatly improves performance.
For comparison, it takes 22 hours to assemble an Italian Fiat car, but a car Rolls-Royce brands moves from shop to shop within 2 weeks.
Final assembly and test
At the last stage, the installation of optional equipment, performance checks and tests of all systems and devices of the finished car take place. It takes 32 hours to make one BMW car. 22 liters of gasoline or diesel are poured into the tank, and the car is sent to the warehouse on a special platform. But there she does not stay long and goes straight to the customer. Parking finished cars accommodates only 3,000 cars. Approximate time from order to receipt of a brand new BMW is 40-50 days.
All production lines are constantly being modified. Maintenance of conveyors, robots and manipulators runs parallel to production. The plant is closed once a year for maintenance, which lasts 3 weeks. The average salary of a factory worker is 2.5 thousand euros. In addition, the management of the concern encourages new ideas and inventions and does not skimp on paying bonuses for this.
How to visit the BMW factory?
Anyone can sign up for an excursion to the plant of the Bavarian giant. To do this, just book a place in the group through the official BMW website. A 2.5-hour tour costs 8 euros per tourist. You will be guided from the very beginning to the finish stage. A visit to the factory floors causes delight and admiration for the power of engineering. If you do not have the opportunity to personally come to Germany, then you can watch a virtual 15-minute tour on the BMW website.
Capitalized. Stylish, safe, powerful, comfortable and bright. The list of adjectives can go on and on. But among them will not be cheap and simple. BMW has many factories, even more branches where cars are assembled. Is there a BMW not of German assembly? After all, the latest models are assembled even in Russia. Let's take a closer look at this issue. Be sure to remember the history of the company, how it all began, the lineup, features and, of course, the place of assembly.
The main power of "BMW"
All major production facilities are located in Germany at BMW. Vehicle manufacturing country well-known brand, of course, also Germany. But only if they are made in factories in Munich, Regensburg, Dingolfing or Leipzig. Indeed, today BMWs are also assembled in India, Thailand, China, Egypt, the USA, the Republic of South Africa and Russia. In total, there are 22 non-German BMW enterprises.
The default build quality is determined by the main manufacturing country - Germany. What is being done to preserve the originality of the assembly?
1. Cars in BMW subsidiaries are made from ready-made components supplied directly from German factories.
2. Constant control the quality of car assembly, the quality of qualification of service personnel from the center.
3. Regular advanced training of branch employees.
A small digression into the history of the BMW brand
The beginning was laid in the early 20s of the last century. 1913 is considered the year of foundation, and in 1917 the company's activity was recorded - aircraft engines. Yes, yes, BMW originally had a slightly different profile than today. The war has left its mark. But after the end of hostilities, the production of aircraft engines was prohibited.
In order to somehow survive, the company's management decided to produce motorcycles. Since 1923, BMW has been manufacturing light motorcycles. There was a moment when motorcycles were also banned, and the factories were interrupted by orders for bicycles and tools. However, the hard times are still coming to an end. Since 1948, BMW has continued to produce motorcycles, and since 1951, the first post-war car, the BMW 501, has been released.
Since the late 50s, the BMW company, whose manufacturing country is Germany, has been entering the production of sports cars. By actively participating in races, BMW products win prizes, thereby increasing its fame. In 1975, the development of the 3rd BMW family, the E21, begins.
How to understand BMW models
For almost 100 years of development of the company, a huge number of cars have been developed and produced. BMW has 9 so-called families alone. Among them are the most popular and numerous:
- 3rd series;
- 5th series;
- 7th series;
- X-series.
In each family, cars are divided into bodies. For example, in the 3rd series, the first model in 1975 was the E21. And only in 1982 it was replaced by the E30 body. To make it even clearer, consider the E21 model with the designation 320i. Here 3 is the family or series number; 20 is the engine displacement of 2.0 liters, and the letter "i" denotes a fuel injected engine. 320 has only a carburetor engine, most often from Solex.
The stylistic features of models can most often be distinguished only by professionals, therefore, in order to fully identify a BMW car, it is recommended to look at the documents. Vin auto gives all the necessary information on the model, engine, and also provides access to component parts in original catalogs. What "BMW", what country of origin - the answers to these and other questions can be found in the documents and under the hood of the car.
Separate representatives are machines of the Z and M series. These families have their own special numbering and identification, due to their special productions. The Technik division develops prototypes, and the letter "M" marks the products of the Motorsport division. There is also the American company BMW and two luxury coupe models L7 and L6 released by it. Outwardly, they can be confused with the 7th suite in the 23rd body. However, these are 6-series models, with more additional options, released specifically for the US domestic market.
The most famous and popular BMW
The most famous BMW car, the country of origin of which is real Germany, can be considered the Z8. This car was produced less than 5 years, had the classic look of the 507 roadster of yesteryear, but at the same time modern stuffing. The Z8 gained its incredible popularity for being in the movie "The World Is Not Enough". For the movie, the car was further developed and turned into a real spy car.
The most popular "BMW", according to reviews, is the model of the 3rd series in the 46th body. These vehicles have been sold maximum amount. The third family of the company in 2014 was the best-selling. Almost 477 thousand buyers have opted for the 3 series.
Latest news from BMW
The company of the famous German manufacturer BMW continues to develop new masterpieces for its fans and connoisseurs. Among the novelties of recent years, the 740LE should be noted - a car with a hybrid engine and all-wheel drive. IN combined cycle such a car should consume no more than 2.5 liters of fuel per 100 km.
For the Russians, the BMW X1 of the Russian assembly became available. The car is presented in 3 fixed configurations. As options, a choice of either a diesel power unit of 150 “horses” or a gasoline engine of 192 “horses” with a volume of 2.0 liters is presented.
Among the 7-ok, 760Li is especially noticeable. This "BMW", the country of origin of which is only Germany so far, is distinguished by a very powerful engine of 609 hp. With. with a volume of 6.6 liters. The maximum speed of the car is hardware limited to 250 km / h, but it is possible to accelerate to the first 100 in only 3.7 seconds.
The X family has a real leader - this is the top model X4 M40i. The gasoline unit of the new car has 360 "horses" and 3 liters of volume. Intelligent all-wheel drive ensures the distribution of the load along the axles. In case of slippage, the front axle is connected to the main rear axle. 8-speed automatic transmission gears and electronic self-adjusting dampers make the new X4 the most enjoyable driving experience.
Famous BMW X5
The BMW X5 is extremely popular in Russia. It comes with a whole bunch of nice features:
- Four-wheel drive.
- Stylish and solid design model.
- Impressive features.
- Reliability and quality from "BMW", the country of origin of which was originally Germany.
The last update of the model, which took place in 2013 (F15), turned out with larger body dimensions and more environmentally friendly engines. There are 2 petrol and 2 diesel power units. More strong gasoline engine has a volume of 4.4 liters and a capacity of 450 liters. s., while the smaller one is 3.0 liters and 306 liters. With. Turbocharged diesel engines are made in volumes of 3 and 2 liters with more modest 258 and 218 “horses”, respectively. All variations of the X5 F15 are equipped with an 8-speed automatic transmission.
Popular today "BMW X5" (manufacturer - Germany or Russia) sells well in the secondary car market.
"BMW X6"
Immediately after the X5, BMW released the next variant of the all-wheel drive crossover of the X-car family. And already at the end of 2014, a modified version was published under the index F16. Initially, the car did not take root in Russian circles. This could be due to the positive perception previous model. Well, the Russians liked the X5. But gradually, car sales began to grow, and the X6 confidently began to gain momentum. What attracts the attention of this sample from BMW?
The appearance of the car has aggressive and sporty notes. Power units with each model are increasingly being finalized in order to increase power and reduce fuel consumption. The suspension of the car is multi-link with electronically controlled shock absorbers. There are several modes for optimal handling on any road surface. Among the innovations inside the cabin, a projection screen can be noted. In general, the BMW X6, whose country of origin is real Germany, is still valued more than the same car, but of Russian assembly.
"Mini Cooper" from "BMW"
The Mini Cooper is one of BMW's not-so-standard solutions. Released in 2002 from the assembly line, he became the second birth of the once legendary British car. Everything that is done by BMW is high quality, reliable and powerful. This mini-car was no exception.
Multiple petrol and diesel options power units accelerate the car over 200 km / h. "Baby" is surprisingly frisky and powerful. For example, a 1.6-liter gasoline engine has a power of 184 hp. With. good grip with the road creates a slightly stiff suspension. Fuel consumption also leaves much to be desired. In general, the car has a special charm and, of course, finds its fans. After all, this is the second birth of the legend - "Mini Cooper". The manufacturer is the country in which BMW feels at home, not always Germany.
Features of the Russian assembly
As for the Russian BMW assembly, then the Kaliningrad enterprise "Avtotor" is engaged in it. Almost the entire X-family is assembled here: X1, X3, X5 and X6. "BMW" Russian assembly is no different from the original. After all, the assembly is carried out on German equipment, according to German standards and under control. But the main thing is that the cars are assembled from ready-made units.
Today to the questions: “Who produces BMW? What is the country of origin? - it is impossible to give a definite answer. BMW has 27 factories around the world. The quality of production is everywhere at the highest level. At the same time, there are no production automated lines by assembly. This step is always done manually by experts.
Conclusion
The history of the BMW company shows that with due efforts and the desire to achieve new results, it gives its “fruits”. Several times this company was on the verge of bankruptcy, but each time it flourished again. Today BMW is one of the most famous and successful car manufacturers in the world. Only Toyota, apart from her, can boast of such a fact as a constant annual increase in profits.
The country of origin of BMW cars was originally Germany. At the same time, the quality and reliability of cars produced by subsidiaries remain at the same high level.
To a person who is not particularly interested in cars, it may seem that there are a large number of independent automakers in the world. In fact, among car brands, one can single out giant concerns and alliances that include several automakers. So let's see who belongs to whom among car brands.
ConcernVolkswagen
The parent company of the group is VolkswagenAG. Volkswagen AG wholly owns the intermediate holding Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, which owns the manufacturer prestigious cars PorscheA.G. Well, 50.73% of the shares of Volkswagen AG itself belong to the Porsche S.E. holding, owned by the Porsche and Piech families, the descendants of the company's founder Ferdinand Porsche and his sister Louise Piech. The Volkswagen Group also includes companies Audi(bought from Daimler-Benz), SEAT, Skoda, Bentley, Bugatti And Lamborghini. Plus truck and bus manufacturers MAN(Volkswagen owns 55.9% of the shares) and Scania (70,94%).
CompanyToyota
President Japanese company Toyota Motor Corp. is Akio Toyoda, the grandson of the founder of the company. The Master Trust Bank of Japan owns 6.29% of the company's shares, Japan Trustee Services Bank 6.29%, Toyota Industries Corporation 5.81%, plus 9% treasury shares. Among Japanese manufacturers Toyota owns the largest number of brands: Lexus(the company was created by Toyota itself as a manufacturer of luxury cars), Subaru, Daihatsu , Scion(cars with youth design for sale in the USA) and hino(produces trucks and buses).
CompanyHonda
Another Japanese automaker Honda owns only one brand, and then created by Honda itself for the production of luxury cars - Acura.
ConcernPeugeot-Citroen
Image with PSA Peugeot The concern is the second largest automaker in Europe after Volkswagen. The largest shareholders of the concern are the Peugeot family - 14% of the shares, the Chinese automaker DongFeng - 14% and the French government - 14%. With regard to the relationship of companies within the concern, Peugeot SA owns 89.95% of the shares of Citroen.
AllianceRenault-Nissan
The Renault-Nissan Alliance was founded in 1999 and is a strategic partnership between companies in the field of engineering development. In terms of company owners, Renault is 15.01% owned by the French government and 15% by Nissan. The share of Renault in Nissan, in turn, is 43.4%. Renault partially or wholly controls the following brands: Dacia (99,43%), SamsungMotors (80,1%), AvtoVAZ(more than 50% of shares).
Nissan controls only its division Infiniti, engaged in the production of prestigious cars, and the brand Datsun which is currently producing budget cars for sale in India, Indonesia, South Africa and Russia.
ConcernGeneralMotors
The American concern General Motors currently owns the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, holden, Opel And Vauxhall. In addition to this, a GM subsidiary, GM Auslandsprojekte GMBH, owns a 41.6% stake in joint venture GM and AvtoVAZ - GM-AvtoVAZ, which produces chevrolet cars Niva.
The concern is currently controlled by the state (61% of shares). The remaining shareholders of the concern are the United Automotive Workers Union of the USA (17.5%), the Government of Canada (12%). The remaining 9.5% of the shares are owned by various large creditors.
CompanyFord
Ford is currently controlled by the Ford family and owns a 40% stake. William Ford Jr., great-grandson of the legendary Henry Ford, serves as chairman of the company's board of directors. Before the 2008 crisis year Ford owned brands such as Jaguar, Lincoln, Land Rover, Volvo and Aston Martin, as well as a 33% stake Japanese Mazda. In connection with the crisis, all brands, with the exception of Lincoln, were sold, and the share of Mazda shares was reduced to 13% (and in 2010 - to 3% in general). Jaguar and Land Rover were bought by the Indian company Tata Motors, Volvo was bought by the Chinese Geely, Aston Martin was sold to a consortium of investors, in fact, turning into an independent brand. As a result, at the moment, only the brand is owned by Ford Lincoln, which produces luxury cars.
Concernfiat
The Italian concern has collected in its collection such brands as AlphaRomeo, Ferrari, Maserati And Lancia. Plus in early 2014 year Fiat wholly bought the American automaker Chrysler along with brands Jeep, Dodge And Ram. The largest owners of the concern today are the Agnelli family (30.5% of shares) and Capital Research & Management (5.2%).
Concernbmw
In the late 1950s, the Bavarian concern BMW was at a great loss. At this time, one of the shareholders of BMW, industrialist Herbert Quandt, bought a large stake in the company and actually saved it from bankruptcy and sale to its eternal competitor, Daimler. The Quant family still owns 46.6% of the concern's shares. The remaining 53.3% of the company's shares are traded on the market. The group owns such brands as Rolls-Royce And MINI.
ConcernDaimler
The main shareholders of the concern are the Arab investment fund Aabar Investments (9.1%), the government of Kuwait (7.2%) and the emirate of Dubai (about 2%). Daimler produces cars under the brands Mercedes-Benz, Maybach And Smart. The concern also owns 15% of the shares Russian manufacturer trucks - companies " Kamaz».
ConcernHyundai
The largest automaker in South Korea, in addition to its own brand, also owns a 38.67% stake in the brand KIA(the company is part of the Hyundai Motor Group).
Independent automakers
Among popular brands, which are not members of any alliances, and do not own other brands, three Japanese automakers can be named - Mazda, Mitsubishi And Suzuki.
However, today's realities show that it will be more and more difficult for independent automakers to survive in the future. To sell your cars worldwide, you need to have a solid "foundation", which is provided either by partners or a batch of several brands. Thirty years ago, the legendary manager Lee Iacocca, who at one time was the president of Ford and Chairman of the Board of the Chrysler Corporation, suggested that by the beginning of the 21st century, only a small number of automakers would remain in the world.
In 1913, on the northern outskirts of Munich, Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto, the son of the inventor of the internal combustion engine, Nikolaus August Otto, set up two small aircraft engine companies. Started First World War immediately brought numerous orders for aircraft engines. Rapp and Otto decide to merge into one aircraft engine plant. Thus, an aircraft engine factory was established in Munich, which in July 1917 was registered under the name Bayerische Motoren Werke ("Bavarian Motor Works") - BMW. This date is considered to be the year of foundation of BMW, and Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto its founders.
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1917: Rapp Motor Company is renamed BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke
Although the exact date of appearance and the moment the company was founded is still the subject of controversy between automotive historians. And all because the BMW industrial company was officially registered on July 20, 1917, but long before that, in the same city of Munich, there were many firms and associations that were also involved in the development and production of aircraft engines. Therefore, in order to finally see the roots of BMW, you need to travel back to last century, on the territory of the GDR that existed not so long ago. It was there that on December 3, 1886, the involvement of today's BMW in the automotive business was exposed, and it was there, in the city of Eisenach, in the period from 1928 to 1939. was the headquarters of the company.
One of the local sights of Eisenach was the reason for the appearance of the name of the first car (Wartburg), which was released in 1898 after the company created a number of 3- and 4-wheeled prototypes. The first-born Wartburgs were the most horseless wagon equipped with a 0.5-liter 3.5 hp engine. There were no hints of the presence of front and rear suspensions. Such a simplified design became a good incentive for the more progressive work of local engineers and designers, who a year later created a car that accelerated to 60 km / h. Moreover, in 1902, the Wartburg appeared with a 3.1-liter engine and a 5-speed gearbox, which was enough to win the race in Frankfurt that year.
Very important point The year 1904 began in the history of BMW and the plant in Eisenach, when cars called Dixie were exhibited at the Frankfurt Motor Show, testifying to the good development of the enterprise and a new level of production. There were two models in total - S6 and S12, the numbers in the designation of which indicated the amount of horsepower. (By the way, the S12 was not discontinued until 1925.)
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1919: Franz Zeno Diemer (center) with his record-breaking aircraft
Max Fritz, who worked at the Daimler plant, was invited to the position of chief designer at Bayerische Motoren Werke. Under the leadership of Fritz, the BMW IIIa aircraft engine was manufactured, which in September 1917 successfully passed bench tests. The aircraft equipped with this engine set a world record at the end of the year, having risen to 9760 m.
At the same time, the BMW emblem appeared - a circle divided into two blue and two white sectors, which was a stylized image of a propeller rotating against the sky. It was also taken into account that blue and white are the national colors of Bavaria.
After the end of the First World War, the company was on the verge of collapse, because, under the Treaty of Versailles, the Germans were forbidden to produce engines for aircraft, namely, engines at that time were the only products of BMW. But the enterprising Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto find a way out of the situation - the plant is redesigned to produce first motorcycle engines and then the motorcycles themselves. In 1923, the first R32 motorcycle leaves the BMW factory. At the 1923 motorcycle show in Paris, this first BMW motorcycle immediately gained a reputation for speed and reliability, which was confirmed absolute records speeds at international motorcycle races of the 20s-30s.
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1923: The first BMW motorcycles
In the early 20s, two influential businessmen appeared in the history of BMW - Gotaer and Shapiro, to whom the company went, falling into the abyss of debts and losses. The main reason for the crisis was the underdevelopment of automotive production, along with which the enterprise, by the way, was engaged in the production of aircraft engines. And since the latter, unlike cars, brought the bulk of the means of subsistence and development, BMW was in an unenviable position. The medicine was invented by Shapiro, who was on a short footing with the English car manufacturer Herbert Austin and was able to agree with him on the start of mass production of Austins in Eisenach. Moreover, the production of these cars was put on the conveyor, which by that time, except for BMW, only Daimler-Benz could boast.
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1928: Logistics at the factory in Eisenach.
The first 100 licensed Austins, which were extremely successful in Britain, rolled off the assembly line in Germany with right-hand drive, which was a novelty for the Germans. Later, the design of the machine was changed in accordance with local requirements, and the machines were produced under the name Dixie. By 1928, more than 15,000 Dixies (read Austins) were made, which played a decisive role in the revival of BMW. This first became noticeable in 1925, when Shapiro became interested in the possibility of producing cars of his own design and began to negotiate with the famous designer and designer Wunibald Kamm. As a result, an agreement was reached, and another talented person was involved in the development of the now famous automobile brand. Kamm has been developing new components and assemblies for BMW for several years.
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1929: First BMW car: BMW 3/15 PS.
In the meantime, the issue of approving a branded trademark was resolved positively for BMW. In 1928, the company acquires car factories in Eisenach (Thuringia), and with them a license to produce a small car Dixi. November 16, 1928 Dixie ceased to exist as trademark- She was replaced by a BMW. Dixi is the first BMW car. During the period of economic difficulties, the small car becomes the most popular car in Europe.
On April 1, 1932, the premiere of the first real BMW was scheduled, which subsequently earned recognition from the automotive press and became the starting point for the production of a car of its own design. The same car, with a well-thought-out body received from the outside, was a combination of new ideas and developments with those already well known and used on Dixie models. The engine power was 20 hp, which was enough to drive at a speed of 80 km / h. A very successful development four-speed box transmission, not offered on any other model until 1934.
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1930: Circumnavigation in seaplanes powered by BMW.
By the beginning of World War II, BMW was one of the most dynamically developing companies in the world, producing sports-oriented equipment. She has several world records to her credit: Wolfgang von Gronau on an open Dornier Wal seaplane equipped with BMW engine, crossing the North Atlantic from east to west, Ernst Henne on a R12 motorcycle equipped with a cardan drive, hydraulic shock absorbers and a telescopic fork (invented by BMW), sets a world speed record for motorcycles - 279.5 km / h, not surpassed by anyone for the next 14 years.
Production gets an extra boost after a secret deal with Soviet Russia on the supply of the latest aircraft engines to it. Most of the Soviet record flights of the 1930s were made on aircraft equipped with BMW engines.
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1933: The beginning of a tradition six-cylinder engines BMW: BMW 303.
In 1933, the production of the 303 model began - the first BMW car with a 6-cylinder engine, which made its debut at the Berlin Automobile Exhibition. His appearance was a real sensation. This inline six with a working volume of 1.2 liters allowed the car to move at a speed of 90 km / h and became the basis for many subsequent BMW sports projects. Moreover, it was applied on the new model 303, which became the first in the history of the company, which was equipped with a radiator grille with a corporate design, expressed in the presence of two elongated ovals. The 303 was designed at the Eisenach factory and featured primarily a tubular frame, independent front suspension and good performance handling, reminiscent of sports.
The BMW-303 was perfect for the autobahns that were then actively built in Germany. Immediately after the presentation, a run was made on it across the entire country, and in this action the car proved itself only on the good side. People were willing to pay the price set by the manufacturer for this car. Moreover, wealthy BMW fans chose the 303rd model with a sports two-seater roadster body.
For two years of production of the BMW-303, the company managed to sell 2300 of these cars, which, by the way, were later followed by their counterparts, who differed more powerful motors and others digital designations: 309 and 315. Actually, they became the first samples for the logical development of the BMW model designation system. On the example of these machines, we note that the number 3 denoted the series, and 0.9 and 1.5 - the displacement of the engines. The designation system that appeared then successfully exists to this day, with the only difference being that it was replenished with such numbers as 520, 524, 635, 740, 850, etc.
The BMW-315 was far from the last in a series of superficially similar cars, since the most striking and remarkable among them were the BMW-319 and BMW-329, which belonged rather to sports cars. The maximum speed of the first, for example, was 130 km / h.
Along with all the previous cars, the 326, which appeared at the Berlin Motor Show in 1936, looked simply gorgeous. This four-door car was far from the world of sports, and its rounded design already belonged to the direction that came into force in the 50s. open top, good quality, a chic interior and a large number of new changes and additions put the 326th model on a par with Mercedes-Benz cars, whose buyers were very wealthy people.
With a mass of 1125 kg, the BMW-326 model accelerated to a maximum of 115 km / h and at the same time consumed 12.5 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers. With similar characteristics and with its appearance, the car got into the list best models company and was produced until 1941, when BMW production amounted to almost 16,000 units. With so many produced and sold cars, the BMW-326 became the best pre-war model.
Logically, after such a resounding success of the 326th model, the next logical step should have been the appearance of a sports model made on its basis.
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1938: The BMW 328 dominates racing.
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1940: Mille Miglia wins again: BMW 328.
In 1936, BMW produced the famous "328" - one of the most successful sports cars. With its appearance, the BMW ideology was finally formed, which to this day determines the concept of new models: “The car is for the driver.” The main competitor, Mercedes-Benz, follows the principle: "The car is for passengers." Since then, each company has gone its own way, proving that its choice is the right one.
The winner of a great many competitions - circuit races, rallies, hill climbing events - the BMW 328 was addressed to connoisseurs sports car and left all mass-produced sports cars far behind. The two-door, two-seater, truly sporty BMW-328 was equipped with a six-cylinder engine and accelerated to 150 km / h. This model allowed the company to take part in many pre-war races and win recognition in a new quality. With the 328th model, BMW became so famous in the second half of the 30s that all subsequent cars with a two-color brand name were perceived by the public as a symbol of high quality, reliability and beauty.
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1943: The Arado 234 is one of the first aircraft to be powered by the BMW 003 jet engine.
The outbreak of war leads to the suspension of the production of cars. Priority is once again given to aircraft engines. In 1944, BMW was the first in the world to launch a jet engine.
BMW 109-003 engine. Rocket engines are also being tested. The end of World War II was a disaster for the concern. Four factories that ended up in the Eastern zone of occupation were destroyed and dismantled. The main plant in Munich was dismantled by the British. In connection with the production of aircraft engines and missiles during the war, the winners issue an order to ban production for three years
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1944: Head of department missile tests became Helmut Graf von Zborowski (left)
World War II caused great damage automotive manufacturers Germany, and BMW is no exception. The plant in Milbertshofen was completely bombed by the liberators, and the enterprise in Eisenach turned out to be in territory controlled by the Russians. Therefore, the equipment from there was partially exported to Russia as repatriations, and what remained was used to produce the BMW-321 and BMW-340 models, which were also sent to the USSR.
The only more or less viable plants were two plants in the city of Munich, around which the BMW shareholders concentrated their main efforts. By the way, the support of the German National Bank came in: thanks to it, the company brought the concept of the BMW-328 sports car back to life and in the period from 1948 to 1953. released on its basis several new sports models.
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1951: Konrad Adenauer, the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is shown the BMW State Sedan based on the 501.
The company was not in best position, however, in 1951 it introduced a prototype of the future BMW-501, which was distinguished by a large four-door sedan, drum brakes and a 65-horsepower engine with a working volume of 1971 cc. The novelty was perceived in two ways - with interest and with surprise. The second, most likely, was due to the fact that the company could not even financially ensure the mass production of the 501st model, in connection with which only 49 cars were assembled in 1952. By 1954, production reached 3410 copies, bought only by real and wealthy adherents of the BMW brand.
But what is most surprising is the idea that at that time was ripening in the minds of BMW designers and designers. They planned to release a luxury model.
In the same post-war years, BMW thought about the lack of necessary motors. This was especially evident after the presence of weak and low-torque engines began to affect car sales. As a result, the designers developed a long-term project for the production of a new eight-cylinder power unit. The first samples appeared in 1954 and had a volume of 2.6 liters and a power of 95 hp, increased to 100 hp. in the 60s.
Simultaneously with the installation of an eight-cylinder on the BMW-501, the appearance of the car also changed a little: chrome-plated side moldings appeared, which added elegance to the car. Equipped with a new engine, the 501st could accelerate to a maximum of 160 km / h. Naturally, the fuel consumption of a car with an eight-cylinder engine was significantly different from pre-war figures, but this worried BMW management the least.
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Isetta: The link between motorcycles and cars. Over 200,000 were built.
1955 saw the launch of the R 50 and R 51 models, inaugurating a new generation of fully sprung motorcycles. undercarriage, the small car "Isetta" comes out, a strange symbiosis of a motorcycle with a car. A three-wheeled vehicle with a forward-opening door was a huge success in impoverished post-war Germany. At the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1955, she became the absolute opposite of the models produced at that time. The tiny BMW Isetta looked like a bubble with small attached headlights and side mirrors. The rear wheelbase was much smaller than the front. The model was equipped with a single-cylinder engine of 0.3 liters. With a power of 13 hp Isetta accelerated to a maximum of 80 km / h.
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1956: Today it's a rare collector's car: the BMW 507.
Along with the little Isetta, BMW introduced two luxury coupes, the 503 and 507, based on the 5 Series sedan. Both cars were quite sporty at that time, although they had a civilian appearance. For example, the top speed of the 507 ranged somewhere between 190 and 210 km/h. A similar result was achieved thanks to a 3.2-liter engine with a compression ratio of 7.8: 1, a maximum power of 150 hp. at 5000 rpm and 237 Nm at 4000 rpm. Servo drum brakes were on all wheels, and the average fuel consumption per 100 km was 17 liters.
But because of the ensuing passion for large limousines and the resulting losses, the company is on the verge of collapse. This is the only case in the history of BMW when the economic situation was incorrectly calculated and the cars thrown onto the market were not in demand.
Models belonging to the 5th series did not improve the position of BMW in the 50s. On the contrary, debts began to grow rapidly, sales decreased. To correct this situation, the bank that provided assistance to BMW and was one of the largest shareholders of Daimler-Benz offered to set up production of small and not very small ones at the plants in Munich. expensive car Mercedes Benz. Thus, the existence of BMW as an independent company producing original cars with its own name and brand was threatened. This proposal was actively opposed by BMW's small shareholders and dealerships throughout Germany. By common efforts, a certain amount of money was collected, which was required for the development and launch of a new middle-class BMW model, which was supposed to significantly improve the company's position in the 60s.
By restructuring the capital structure, BMW manages to continue its activities. The third time the firm starts all over again. The middle class car was supposed to be family car for average (and not only) Germans. as the most suitable option considered a small four-door sedan, 1.5-liter engine and independent front and rear suspension, which at that time were not present in all cars.
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1962: Dealers receive cars for their showrooms.
By restructuring the capital structure, BMW manages to continue its activities. The third time the firm starts all over again. The middle class car was supposed to be a family car for the average (and not only) Germans. A small four-door sedan, a 1.5-liter engine and independent front and rear suspensions, which at that time were not present in all cars, were considered as the most suitable option.
It was almost impossible to put the car into production by 1961 and then present it at the Frankfurt Motor Show: there was simply not enough time. Therefore, under pressure from the sales department, several prototypes were urgently prepared for the exhibition, designed to attract future customers. The bet was made and in many respects justified itself. During the exhibition and over the next few weeks, about 20,000 orders for the BMW 1500 were made! Try to imagine the situation in which the company found itself, releasing only 2000 cars in 1962! In general, the production of the 1500 model for the entire time of its existence on the assembly line amounted to 23,000 copies. This was the beginning of the rise to the top of the automotive industry.
At the height of the production of the 1500 model, small engineering firms began to refine the car and increase the power of the engine, which, naturally, could not please the BMW management. The response was the release of the 1800 model with a 1.8-liter engine. Moreover, a little later, a version of the 1800 TI appeared, corresponding to cars of the Gran Turismo class and accelerating to 186 km / h. Outwardly, she did not differ much from basic version, but, nevertheless, has become a worthy addition to the already replenished family.
BMW 1800 TI, although it was released in the amount of only 200 copies, still became an extremely popular model. By 1966, on the basis of the car, the designers created a worthy follower - the BMW-2000, which today is perceived as the ancestor of the 3rd series, which has been released to date in several generations. At the same time, a coupe with a 2-liter engine and 100-120 horses hidden under the hood was a subject of particular pride for BMW.
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1966: BMW 1600.
In fact, the BMW 2000 in base and other versions is one of the most successful models in the history of BMW. It takes a long time to count the number of body and powertrain options that appeared then. different power and with different top speeds. Together they formed a series that received the designation 02. Its representatives could satisfy the needs of almost all motorists, who were offered a choice from the simplest and most modest coupes to fancy high-speed convertibles with alloy wheels, automatic gearboxes and 170 horsepower engines.
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The world's first mass-produced car with a turbo engine: the BMW 2002 turbo.
The last 30 years has been 30 years of victories for BMW. New factories are being opened, the world's first serial turbo model "2002-turbo" is being produced, an anti-lock braking system is being created, which now all leading automakers equip their cars with. The first electronic engine control is being developed. Almost all the models of the 60s that brought the automaker so much popularity were equipped with four-cylinder engines. However, BMW management still remembered powerful and reliable units, which they intended to revive by 1968 simultaneously with the release of a new model, the BMW-2500. The single-row six-cylinder used in it, constantly undergoing modernization, was produced over the next 14 years and managed to become the basis for the same reliable and more powerful 2.8-liter engine. Along with the latest four-door sedan moved into a range of sports cars, because. only a few production cars in standard equipment, they could exceed the speed mark of 200 km / h.
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1970: BMW headquarters near the Olympic Center in Munich.
The headquarters building of the concern is being built in Munich, and the first control and testing ground is opened in Aschheim. A research center was built to design new models. In the 1970s, the first cars of the famous BMW series appear - models of the 3rd series, 5th series, 6th series, 7th series.
After the production of the 2500 and its main successors, the next significant event for BMW was the appearance of the 6 Series, the first representative of which in 1978 was the luxurious 635 Csi coupe. Its 3.5-liter engine has become a new symbol technical excellence and even began to be installed on machines of the 5th series. The five, equipped with such an engine (power 218 hp), received the designation M, confirming the exclusivity and sportiness of the car. Moreover, this motor really showed itself on the 5th series of the second generation, on the so-called. transitional models that saw the light in 1983.
In the year of German reunification, the concern, having founded the company BMW Rolls Royce GmbH returns to its roots in the aircraft engine industry and in 1991 introduces the new BR-700 aircraft engine. In the early 1990s, sports compact cars the third generation of the 3 Series and the 8 Series Coupe.
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1989: New BMW 850i coupe.
A good step for the company was the purchase in 1994 for DM 2.3 billion of the industrial group Rover Group (“Rover Group”), and with it the UK's largest complex for the production of cars of the Rover, Land Rover and MG brands. With the purchase of this company, the list of BMW cars was replenished with the missing midget cars and SUVs. In 1998, the British company Rolls-Royce was acquired.
Since 1995, all BMW vehicles have been fitted as standard with inflatable pillow security for front passenger and anti-theft engine blocking system. In March of the same year, the station wagon (touring) of the 3rd series is launched into production.
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BMW plant in Eisenach. Work on the eighth plant began in 1990.
Among the latest motorcycle models of the 90s, the R100RT Classic touring motorcycle, equipped with luggage cases and heated handlebars, should be highlighted. Another model from this family, R100GS PD, is also intended for tourists. These motorcycles won four victories in the international rally Paris - Dakar. The F650, released in 1993, became a popular model. In addition, it turned out to be quite competitive compared to its Japanese counterparts. In 1993, BMW begins development of the new R1100RS "opposers". (for this motorcycle, for the first time, not only the height of the steering wheel and footrests, but also the saddle was regulated), R1100GS (one of the most powerful motorcycles in the world). In 1994, identical R850R and R1100RT models were released. The most popular of the 4-cylinder BMW motorcycles became the model K1100RS - a touring motorcycle with a fairing sports type. But the most representative and equipped motorcycle is the K1100LT model, equipped with a huge electric fairing, windshield adjustment, large luggage bags and anti-lock brakes. braking system.
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Since 1995, the BMW plant in Spartanburg (USA) has been
produce BMW Z3.
Today, BMW, which began as a small aircraft engine plant, manufactures its products at five factories in Germany and twenty-two subsidiaries scattered around the world. This is one of the few automotive companies that does not use robots in factories. All assembly on the conveyor goes only manually. Output - only computer diagnostics basic parameters of the car.
Over the past 30 years, only the concerns of BMW and Toyota have been able to operate with annually increasing profits. The BMW empire, which has been on the verge of collapse three times in its history, has risen and succeeded each time. For everyone in the world, the BMW concern is synonymous with high standards in the field of automotive comfort, safety, technology and quality.
Full history BMW concern from the day of foundation.
