History of development
The emblem of the company is a coat of arms that carries the following information: red and black stripes and deer antlers are symbols of the German state of Baden-Württemberg (the capital of Baden-Württemberg is the city of Stuttgart), and the inscription "Porsche" and the prancing stallion in the center of the emblem remind of Stuttgart, which is native to the Stuttgart brand, was founded as a horse farm in 950. This logo first appeared in 1952, when the brand entered the US market, for better recognition. Prior to this, the hoods of the 356 simply had "Porsche" written on them.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT
1931-1948: from ideas to serial production
By the time the first car was released under his own name, Ferdinand Porsche had accumulated considerable experience.
In 1931 the enterprise Dr. ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH, of which he was the founder and leader, had already worked on such projects as the 16-cylinder Auto Union racing car and the Beetle, which became one of the best-selling cars in history.
In 1939, on the eve of World War II, the very first Porsche 64 was developed, in which features were already guessed future model Porsche 356. To build this instance, Ferdinand Porsche used many components from the famous Beetle.
Ferdinand Porsche Jr. became the successor to his father's work. Having received education and first skills independent work, he moves to Stuttgart to work in a company just created by his father.
During the Second World War, the company was engaged in the production of military products - staff vehicles and amphibians. Porsche also took part in the development of the Tiger tanks.
1948-1965: first steps
From the end of 1945, when his father was imprisoned in France, Ferdinand Jr. family business in the Austrian city of Gmünd, and also independently led the production.
Together with Carl Rabe, Ferdinand assembled a prototype of the Porsche 356 and began preparing the model for its mass production. In June 1948 this example was certified for public roads. Like nine years ago, units from VW Beetle were again used here.
The first production cars had a fundamental difference - the engine was moved behind the rear axle, which made it possible to reduce the cost of production and free up space for two additional seats in the cabin.
The main points in the design remained the same ( rear location engine and rear-wheel drive), but it was already a modern sports car with classic body lines in the spirit of the Porsche 356. Designed by Ferdinand Alexander "Butzi" Porsche, Ferry's eldest son. Initially, instead of the index 911, another one was to be used - 901. But the combination of three digits with a zero in the middle was reserved for Peugeot. The car began to be called 911, but the numbers 901 did not disappear anywhere: they began to call the 911th according to the internal nomenclature (1964-1973).
In 1966, a modification of the Porsche 911S Targa got on the conveyor.
After the end of the production of 356-series convertibles in 1965, those did not appear in the company's lineup until 1982.
1972-1981: Ernst Fuhrmann's reignIn 1972, the legal status of the company changed from a limited liability partnership to an open (public) one. Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche KG ceased to be family business, and is now called Dr. ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG(full name Doktor Ingenieur honoris causa Ferdinand Porsche Aktiengesellschaft - Joint-Stock Company Honorary Doctor of Engineering Ferdinand Porsche) is a German automotive concern.
After the restructuring, the grandson of F. Porsche, Ferdinand Piech, moved to Audi, and then to Volkswagen, where he eventually rose to the position CEO concern.
first president Porsche AG became Ernst Fuhrmann, who had previously worked in the engine development department. One of his first decisions new position- replacement of the 911th series of the 928th, classic layout, with an 8-cylinder engine. Under his reign, another front-engined car, the Porsche 924, was put on the conveyor.
After debuting at the Paris Motor Show in 1974. "Turbo" modifications, the development of the 911 line (by that time the modernized 930 series went into production) (1973-1989) actually stopped until the early 80s, until Fuhrmann was removed from office. But cars continued to be produced further: the last front-engined models left the factory in 1995.
At the same time, the Porsche 911th Carrera model, somewhat lighter in price, appeared. In 1997, it was presented at Frankfurt Motor Show, and it became clear that she had a lot in common with her younger brother, ranging from almost identical front ends with “drop” headlights and similar interiors to general design engines. Such decisions made it possible to reduce the cost of development and production, since in those years the financial resources of the brand were still very limited.
1998 was a year of losses and gains. In the summer, the last "air" 911 left the gates of the enterprise in Zuffenhausen. In the entire history of these, 410 thousand were produced; the contribution to this figure of the 993rd is 69 thousand. At the same time, Porsche celebrated its 50th anniversary. And in the same year, in March, Ferdinand Anton Ernst (Ferry) Porsche died at the age of 88. Porsche Cayenne
Porsche Cayenne is expensively and tastefully dressed, self-confident and inspires peace of mind around. You look at this car and you know that its owner definitely has a head on his shoulders to stand out with it! personalities. From the outside, it’s just a mass of noisy mechanisms, but still we are all different on the road ... However, it’s worth recognizing that, just as people are looking for a mate for themselves, they often pick up a car - not only according to the “pocket depth”, but both in character and appearance. As a result, the stereotypical character of the owners sticks to the cars. Agree, no one will be surprised by the stubborn Volga in the left lane on the TTK, which is dragging 70 km / h, not responding to signals to the “back” and gestures to the “temple”. Also, it will not be a surprise for anyone if the washed sparkling Q7 or GL500 starts to rebuild, not only not turning on the turn signal, but also frankly making contact with the neighboring car. Everyone knows the problem of the VAZ 2107 with the cerebellum: they have a very poor orientation in space, hence the ignorance of markings, signs, traffic lights, other road users ... It is easy to find the dependence of such car behavior on the wealth or temperament of its owner, but there are cars that destroy this solid theory. One of them, I boldly attribute the Porsche Cayenne. Thanks to a number unique features this car, it is able to change a person. Of course, not on a global scale, but within the framework of elementary decency on the road - it is quite possible. How does this happen?
Intelligence! A standard Cayenne, without evil body kits and a “hungry howl” of a direct-flow exhaust system, does not provoke you to frenzy, does not put you on an “adrenaline needle”. His appearance betrays an athlete in him, but not a “pitching”, smeared with self-tanner and baby oil, not a sprinter with horse legs shod in spikes, but an athlete “in civilian clothes”. He is expensively and tastefully dressed, self-confident and inspires peace of mind around. You look at this Porsche and you know that its owner definitely has a head on his shoulders to stand out with it! I know, he knows, you know...
It's time to change the vector of our rubric. Until now, we have only talked about inexpensive or very inexpensive cars, but today we will talk about one that, once it has appeared, has forever become a 100% “top”. Admittedly, it was a long time ago...
For the amount of about 700,000 rubles, you can buy a dozen copies of the VAZ-2105 of medium shabby. Or one more or less decent copy of this model, about fifteen years old. Our today's hero is Porsche Cayenne 1st generation, which in its original form has been produced since 2002, and in 2008 survived restyling, changed the index from Type 955 to Type 957 and existed in this version until 2010, until it was replaced by the “second” Cayenne. Today, most of these vehicles in operation in Russia are at least ten years old. Why do they love and hate the first-generation used Porsche Cayenne?
Pictured: Porsche Cayenne (955) '2003–07 and Porsche Cayenne (957) '2007–10
HATE #5: YOU WILL HAVE TO SEARCH FOR A RELATIVELY "LIFE" CAR
Porsche is a reference, one of the most trouble-free brands in the world, its cars, and especially the Cayenne, are constantly at the top of the reliability ratings. However, “tired” Cayennes inevitably have some problems that it is better for those who select this car to know in advance, and we will talk about some of them below. The choice does not add simplicity to the fact that among the previous owners of old Cayennes there are often lovers of “ignite”, which greatly affects the health of the car. Now the normal approach to buying a first-generation Cayenne (and especially a “dorestyle”) is to go through five, seven, and maybe ten cars in search of the one that the “adequate” drove, and all age-related “sores” have already been eliminated.
LOVE #5: SLEEP AND RELIABILITY
They say that there is only one step from love to hate, and this point is really closely related to the previous one: if you managed to find good copy, having bypassed numerous necro-cayennes, you will fall in love with this strong old man. Especially if you don’t have very “rolling”, but super-reliable six-cylinder engines from the beginning of the engine line: 3.2-liter (after restyling - 3.6-liter) gasoline or 3.0-liter turbodiesel.
HATE #4: SIX-CYLINDER ENGINES DO NOT FUCK
Let's leave the turbodiesel outside the scope of the story (it is rare, and it is not chosen at all according to the criterion given in the subheading), but on the gasoline VR6 with a row-shifted layout of six cylinders, which had a working volume of 3.2 liters in pre-styling cars and produced 250 HP, quite often scolded for giving Cayenne a "vegetable" character. What is forgiven for the stock Tuareg (VW Touareg and Audi Q7 traditionally share a platform with the Porsche Cayenne) is not forgiven for a car with a well-defined sports pedigree. But these engines are very reliable (see paragraph above), and shortly before restyling in VR6 they added volume and “horses” (3.6 liters, 290 hp), and such Cayennes in weak dynamics much less frequently blamed. Moreover, often used Cayenne, which has more power, has more problems.
LOVE #4: V8 ENGINES “THROUGH” AS WELL
Even in the most modest version - 4.5 liters and 340 hp. - The eight-cylinder Cayenne S in a spurt up to 100 km / h “leaves” in seven seconds. But there are also turbo versions of the Cayenne GTS, Turbo and Turbo S, which had power from 450 to 521 hp, as well as the second iteration of these engines, with a displacement increased to 4.8 liters, and at the maximum with a pair of turbines for the version Cayenne Turbo S, which developed 550 hp. and allowing you to complete a standard exercise in 4.7 seconds ... However, all this is in ideal conditions and, of course, for a new car.
HATE #3: V8 PISTON SEIZING
From under the hood of any car, no matter how perfect it is, and no matter how well it is looked after, after ten years, some of the “horses” still escape. But that would be half the trouble - first-generation Cayennes with V8s have a pronounced ailment. However, not all buyers of used cars fall into it: if the operation was gentle or expensive repairs have already been carried out, then you can be relatively calm. And this is the ailment: bullying on the mirrors of the cylinders, especially the seventh and eighth. The fact is that Porsche V8s in long-term high load modes are prone to oil starvation and insufficient cooling of said cylinders. Indirectly Recognize troubled car when buying, it is possible on versions with two turbines: if the left one has oil leaks (“sweats”), then the car was “lit up”, and the probability of scuffing is quite high.
LOVE #3: HIGH COMFORT
The first generation Cayenne shared a platform with the first generations of the VW Touareg, and then the Audi Q7, and it was really a kind of revolution. Rigid load-bearing body with subframes, independent suspension on double wishbones(spring-loaded on simple versions and pneumatic with variable clearance on the Cayenne Turbo and Turbo S), an advanced all-wheel drive transmission - all this, as well as an ergonomically adjusted interior with rich finishes and a huge number of premium options already in stock, plus a pinch of ingenious Porsche engineering made this SUV , what is there, a star for all time. The level of comfort that was achieved on the first Cayenne is still impressive. But it was the first car in this segment for the brand from Stuttgart. Created, however, not without the help of colleagues from Wolfsburg.
HATE #2: HIGH MILEAGES NEED A SERIOUS INVESTMENT
And yet today we will not get away from the fact that the years take their toll. Up to 100-120 thousand kilometers of the first generation Cayenne can be called without a twinge of conscience absolutely reliable car. But then comes the time of serious financial costs. It all starts with replacing the pipes of the cooling system (they are plastic on early cars), and continues with ignition coils, gasoline filters and gasoline pumps, shock absorbers, silent blocks of suspension arms, multimedia breakdowns, a complete stop of electronics (if one of the CAN circuits fails to be detected on diagnostics in time -tires and ride the second one to the tow truck), loss of tightness of the oil seal or failure of the valve body in the automatic transmission ... The last items on this list, like the above problems with the V8, do not necessarily happen to you, but almost every of the problems described is tens of thousands of rubles.
LOVE #2: COOL AND NEARLY OUTDATED DESIGN
Cayenne still looks cool, and pretty much the same applies to the interior. Yes, both in appearance and in the interior, lines and solutions from bygone times are easily guessed, but I want to consider them not as archaism, but rather as a stylish retro.
HATE #1: HIGH TAX AND FUEL COSTS
In general, different owners of this car have a rather polar attitude towards the costs of operation and maintenance. The point here, apparently, is that people in our country come to own this car in different ways. For example, someone who moved to a battered Cayenne from another top-end, albeit second-hand, foreign car, will calmly relate to spending on repairs and be glad that this repair happens so rarely. And the one who saved up for Cayenne for several years, as for his dream, may simply not be ready for such figures. But all owners agree on one thing: that transport tax too high, and the cost of gasoline discouraging immediately after a few intense clicks on the "sneaker". You can have any engine under the hood, but you will probably get less than 20 l / 100 km only if you crawl along the side of the road.
LOVE #1: DRIVING AND OFF-ROAD COMBINATION
This is the main achievement of the engineers who designed this model. This is the one completely new way, which many brands followed Porsche, more or less successfully. A branch of the Porsche family tree under name Cayenne has only three generations so far, but this unique recipe is already pulling through the years: impeccable chassis settings for an SUV for even surfaces and an impressive off-road arsenal: permanent all-wheel drive, reduction gear and blocking center differential. Yes, you won’t go to a trophy raid on it, but among everyday situations you can meet any - you can be calm, Cayenne will help out.
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Old-school Porsche fans still look askance at the Cayenne, calling it the “wrong Porsche” and a dozen more offensive nicknames. It seems to us that Cayenne doesn't care. In any case, he is a legend, a model who once pulled the entire brand out of the deepest crisis. A monument to itself, which remains true to the once proclaimed ideals. And, like any Porsche, it does not age, but becomes a classic.
The Porsche company has existed for more than half a century, leaving a noticeable mark in automotive world. Nevertheless, there is a whole range of questions that each time must be answered anew. For example, which country is the manufacturer of Porsche? Although, of course, there are specific answers to them.
The emergence of the Porsche brand
The well-known automobile company Porsche (manufacturing country Germany), is currently a famous brand in its field. And the path of the company began at the beginning of the twentieth century. Even before the First World War, the future head of the corporation, Ferdinand Porsche, creates various car models, which allows him to get useful experience. He worked in several firms in Austria and Germany, he created several models of Mercedes and other cars.
The rise began in the interwar era. In 1931, a design company was founded by Ferdinand Porsche. It is then that it becomes clear that Porsche cars have a manufacturing country - Germany. In the early years, Ferdinand Porsche takes over the design and production individual parts for automotive companies, and a few years later he became the chief designer of Auto-Union. In the 1930s he creates whole line new products, including the "people's car" - one of the models of "Volkswagen", which brought him great popularity.
Before the outbreak of hostilities in the early 1940s. Fredinand Porsche worked on a significant number of orders on the side, creating, in particular, the celebrity KdF-Wagen (in the Russian version of the "Beetle" - the car that became the base in the line of Volkswagen models). Porsche's constructive successes include the Type 22, a sports model built according to commercial offer from Auto Union AG.
Most of the developments of those years were later included in the basic equipment of Porsche cars. So who makes the Porsche? Car manufacturing country - Germany.
However, the militarization of Germany also affected the activities of Ferdinand. At first he creates army vehicles, and during the war years armored vehicles- well-known tanks "Tiger", "Panther" and self-propelled gun "Ferdinand". This activity earned him a bad reputation. Although the designer spent less than two years in prison for his work, Ferdinand Porsche failed to find his place on the Olympus of engineering thought, and in 1951 he died.
The first Porsche brands
The management of the company passed to his son, also Ferdinand, who produced the first car models under the Porsche brand (the country of origin is still Germany). The cars were mainly of a sports orientation: "Porsche-356", "Porsche-718" and others. Often, Porsche 356 parts were manufactured by Volkswagen, this was done to reduce the cost of cars. The unusually successful design of the models made it possible to achieve popularity among most motorists.
In the first post-war years, Porsche became a global well-known company V sports world. The pinnacle of movement in this direction is the Porsche 911 (1963). The model turned out to be one of the most successful moments in the biography of the Porsche company. appeared new development at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The appearance of the model was developed by the eldest son of Ferdinand Porsche Jr. - Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, who was the grandson of the founder of the firms. The novelty was created in such a way as to present a new design, but at the same time not very far from the usual rules of the company. As a result, configurations known to everyone were created, which are sold with enviable success until today.
In the following decades, Porsche designed many successful and very mass machines, but it was not possible to make a breakthrough until our days. One thing worth emphasizing is that over the past decades, the company has designed many original models of machines.
On the basis of these cars, other models were also created: Porsche-924, Porsche-928 with a modified appearance and a seriously rebuilt number of parts. In the penultimate decade of the twentieth century, another novelty of the brand appeared - Porsche 959. Country of origin - Germany.
Firm in the 1980s/90s
In the eighties there is another change in the management of the company. New head Henri Bon relies on the modernization and styling of the most famous models, in particular the Porsche 911, under the modern style. Receiving new, more powerful engines, upgraded materials and parts, Porsche in the late eighties and nineties competed quite successfully in the global automotive market.
In 1994, the models received a new coating. Chassis was equipped new suspension. In 1995, a new convertible appeared; during its creation, the company brought to life many original technical solutions at that time.
This policy has led to the fact that Porsche is becoming one of the leaders not only among sports models, but also inexpensive mass. The Boxster, which appeared in the middle of the last decade of the twentieth century, only confirmed this position. It was a two-seater six-cylinder engine("boxer"), installed in front of rear axle, with a soft, automatically folding roadster-type body.
Porsche at the present stage
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Porsche (manufacturing country Germany) is still striving to experiment with new models, but at the same time maintain a general line on creating recognizable cars. At present, the company no longer plays the role of ordinary automakers, this has long been a thing of the past. Porsche designers have been playing leading roles in the automotive world for many years. In recent years, Porsche cars have been recognized as the most reliable in every respect.
The beginning of the century was marked by the activities of the company on high level. Designers continued not only to produce typical racing cars, the basic details for which were developed in 1948, but also began to introduce radically new solutions. For example, the Porsche Cayenne crossover and the sports Porsche car Panamera.
The country of origin of Porsche is Germany, nothing changes in this matter over time. Along with other automotive giants, the automaker decided to develop modern technologies twenty first century. There were cars that have electric motors, on their basis sports cars were designed. hybrid cars. The use of new concepts made it possible for the Porsche 918 Spyder model to cover a distance of twenty-five kilometers at a speed of 160 km / h on a single electric motor.
Porsche Cayenne: the beginning
Big changes are taking place in the traditional Porsche automotive industry. The next stage of development was the Porsche Cayenne, a five-seater mid-size racing car. Country of origin "Porsche Cayenne" - Germany.
The model was produced with the active involvement of the Volkswagen concern in the work. Creation entry level(Type 955 / 9PA) started in 2002, and in the United States the project has been underway since 2003. The name of the car model, Cayenne, was formed from the name of the central colonial possession of France. By 2002-2003 the impact of global automotive trends reaches such a level that one can wonder: who produces the Porsche Cayenne, which manufacturing country?
In 2008, the cars were equipped with more modern engines, a direct fuel transfer mechanism was installed in the car. For example, a typical car (manufacturing country Germany) Porsche Cayenne, as before, was driven by a six-cylinder engine, its volume was 3.6 liters, and its power was up to 290 liters. With. Other cars had 4.8-liter eight-cylinder engines with a power of 385 hp. With. up to 542 l. With.
The chassis was equipped entirely self suspension ordinary type. There were two types of suspension: typical spring, for basic version Cayenne and Cayenne S, as well as an organized pneumatic that allows you to change the size of the ground distance from 157 to 273 mm for the Cayenne Turbo (it was supplied as an option for the two initial models).
Who manufactures the Porsche Cayenne (manufacturing country)? The car is of German quality. The SUV acquired an all-wheel drive transmission, which allows, under typical travel conditions, to concentrate the engine torque between the wheels of the front and rear axle in a ratio of 38 to 62. Because of this, the Cayenne retains the maneuverability common to rear-wheel drive cars. The Porsche Cayenne has a manufacturer in Germany, as was said.
Generation of the tenth years of the twenty-first century
The next generation, number 958, was shown to the public at Geneva Motor Show in 2010. Car trade started in May. The 2011 Cayenne looks smaller, more compact and more muscular than its predecessor.
In order to implement new technical solutions, Porsche is reworking the base for all cars. Now the car has a longitudinal engine, a powerful power body with subframes. In addition, the suspension has become completely autonomous, the transmission is equipped with a lockable center differential.
Volkswagen designers developed an all-wheel drive transmission, and Porsche specialists developed a suspension, undercarriage and handling, while each of the firms organized its own range of engines for SUVs. The only exception was the 3.2-liter V6 engine produced by Volkswagen for the Porsche Cayenne model, which is budget by the standards of this company.
Model Porsche Cayenne and Volkswagen Tuareg are made on a single basis.
Released in 2009 diesel model SUV with a three-liter turbocharged engine with a capacity of 240 Horse power and maximum torque of 550 Nm. A number of motorists are wondering: "Porsche Cayenne" - whose car? Country of origin - Germany.
In this modification, the car accelerates to 100 km in 8.3 s, and the absolute pace is 214 km/h. The main useful property of the model is essentially small consumption fuel: 11.6 liters per 100 km in urban areas and 7.9 liters on the highway. For this version of the Porsche Cayenne, the country of origin is Germany.
The body of the "Cayenne" is entirely galvanized, which prevents the appearance of rot and rust spots even with frequent use of the car and constant exposure to rain. The machine is comfortable to use.
"Panamera": name and characteristics
Another iconic model for the automaker was the Porsche Panamera. Producer - Germany. Introduced at the Paris Motor Show in the early fifties, the 550 Spuder was powered by four-speed gearbox gears and original spectacular appearance quickly gained popularity. This new model showed itself very positively at the Mexican race Carrera Panamerikana, in some places reaching speeds of up to two hundred kilometers per hour. The name of the model was in honor of this event. For decades, the company has been constantly creating new modifications.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century (in 2009), the company's designers showed another Panamera model - a car with a four-seat cab. Unusual modification was made on a fresh basis of a typical layout.
Panamera debuted with gasoline engine V8 4.8, then there was a version with a V6 3.6 engine, with a capacity of 300 horsepower. Car enthusiasts could find versions with rear or all-wheel drive, and as an additional option, you can buy air suspension.
"Panamera" in the tenth years of the twenty-first century
At the beginning of autumn 2010, about 25 thousand cars were sold. In the summer of 2013, the Panamera made the replacement of parts, the marker lights were updated, the designers made some improvements in the cockpit. Although some of it remains classic car"Porsche" (producing country - Germany).
Porsche Panamera gets an improved engine. The control of the machine is also subject to modification. Friction is reduced and the weight of moving parts is reduced by 16.5% (9.5 kg). The operating temperature of the engines increased, this made it possible to increase the efficiency of the motor. But the increase in the efficiency of the unit did not affect the power, but led to a decrease in fuel consumption.
The refreshed 2017/18 Panamera racing car was shown to the public in the German capital. Car new era stands out from the crowd in a technical aspect, the appearance of the car has also changed significantly.
Auto interior in recent years
At the rear of the car, the overall lighting equipment with limited horizontal rectangles of LEDs attracts the eye. The lanterns are united by a crimson ribbon, under which the name of the brand of the model is written. Done in a similar manner rear end other Porsche models. Car enthusiasts believe that this model is not far from the 911 Porsche in terms of interior. Whose country is the car manufacturer today? It's still made in Germany.
Changes in ideas about the aesthetics of cars have led to a slight transformation in the appearance of the Panamera. The top of the machine lowers more gently. According to the conceived concept, the distance to the roof from the people in the cabin should have been reduced, but the designers claim that there is enough space. Distances from passenger seats up to the roof is enough for comfortable accommodation of passengers.
Inside the car is equipped with the most modern devices for cars. Together with various quality interior materials, this creates a comfortable cabin interior. The front panel of the machine is used practically only to put a 12.3-inch screen of the general multimedia complex. All other governing details are placed on the main panel, which goes into the inter-passenger niche. Almost all typical standard buttons, which have accumulated a large number, are placed on suitable panels with the ability to easily control various functions of the machine. Removed the extra rear seat.
By filling the car with a variety of electronics, the designers at the same time paid tribute to the past. This is confirmed by the standard analog tachometer dial located in the middle of the dashboard. At the same time, the device is surrounded on all sides by modern measuring instruments representing a large amount of information.
Apart from beautiful interior and electronic equipment, the designers were also puzzled by other aspects of convenience, making a large luggage niche.
Porsche Panamera 2017/18 variant
All 2017/18 Porsche Panamera models are equipped with an eight-speed robotic box PDKII. The kit of the next modification includes four-wheel drive, three-chamber air suspension, full control chassis, roll suppression structures and thrust vectoring system.
Conclusion
IN modern world various changes are considered normal, ordinary innovations, which are carried out mainly to unite humanity for the purposes of globalization. In Europe, the process of merging both countries in general and economic associations in particular has been going on for several decades, accelerating in recent years. This means that corporations have less and less "national color". And therefore, the question about Porsche is quite obvious: which country is the manufacturer of these cars? Only one thing can be firmly said: this is a European car model that has absorbed all the best national characteristics. Although the German footprint is the main one here, therefore, Germany is the country of origin for Porsche cars.
Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG is a German manufacturer of premium sports cars, sedans and SUVs, founded by the legendary designer Ferdinand Porsche. Included in Volkswagen Group. The headquarters is located in Stuttgart.
The founder of the company, Ferdinand Porsche, was born on September 3, 1875 in the town of Maffersdorf, Bohemia, in the family of the owner of a repair shop. He was the third child in the family, and after the death of his eldest son, he became the heir to his father's business. From the age of 15, Ferdinand worked in a workshop, and after graduating from elementary school, he went to a technical school.
In 1898, a young engineer received an order to design an electric car and in a few weeks created a prototype - a fast and compact electric car that could accelerate to 40 km / h. The only drawback of the car was its heavy weight, because capacious lead rechargeable batteries were very heavy. Having presented the prototype to the owner of Jacob Lohner, Porsche immediately gets the position of chief designer and starts work on his first car, the Lohner-Porsche Electric Car.
In 1898, Porsche moved to Austro-Daimler. Under his leadership are born legendary models: Sascha, ADM, Prinz-Heinrich and ADR. During the First World War, he was engaged in the design of engines for aircraft and airships, as well as cars with a hybrid power plant. For innovative developments, he receives the title of Honored Professor of the Vienna Technical University and the Cross of Merit.
In 1923, Ferdinand began working for Daimler-Benz AG, where he supervised the creation of such sports cars as the S and SS. In the 1930s, he visited Russia, where he got acquainted with the work of aviation and tank factories. Here he receives an offer to move with his design bureau to the USSR to work in the automotive, aviation and tank building industries. Porsche refuses and returns to Germany, where, during World War II, the Nazis extort information from him about the equipment and technologies used by the Russians in the military industry.
In 1932, Ferdinand Porsche invented torsion bar suspension used in the future by all automakers. After returning from the USSR, he becomes the chief designer of Auto-Union and develops the Type 22 racing car for the company. His next work is the famous "people's car" Volkswagen Beetle.
Before the outbreak of the First World War, Porsche manages to create the first car - the Porsche 64, which will become the progenitor of all models of the brand. It was distinguished by a streamlined body shape, which looked completely different than the usual cars of those times. Under the hood was a 100-horsepower air-cooled boxer engine, which allowed the car to accelerate to 160 km / h. In total, three copies of the model were made.
Porsche 64 (1939)
During the Second World War, Porsche produced jeeps, amphibians, military vehicles. Ferdinand Porsche takes part in the design of the Tiger and Panther tanks, as well as the Ferdinand self-propelled guns. For his participation in Nazi military projects, he was arrested in December 1945 and imprisoned for 20 months. At this time, Fenny Porsche, his son, took up the development of the brand.
Together with a team of Porsche engineers, Jr. assembles the first serial model brands - 356. Most of the details, including a 1.1-liter 35-horsepower engine, suspension and gearbox, the designers borrowed from the Beetle. The body was designed by the same person who designed Volkswagen body Beetle, Erwin Komenda. This model became the basis for the creation of the Carrera and was produced until 1965.
Porsche 356 (1948-1965)
Since 1950, the company has been based again in Stuttgart, and a year later, its founder, Ferdinand Porsche, dies.
Now only steel is used to make body panels. Gradually, the company is phasing out Volkswagen engines, which are being replaced power units own development. So, the 356A series was equipped with an engine with four camshafts and two ignition coils. Later, the B series comes out with a more powerful engine and disc brakes on all wheels, and then the C series with a number of improvements.
In 1951, the Porsche 550 Spyder sports car appeared, which repeatedly won races. In 1954, a modification of the model with soft top and straight windshield.
Porsche 356 was very popular car and for 15 years held the title of one of the most prestigious in the world. However, time flew by, and the market needed to offer something completely new, but no less impressive. In 1963, at the Frankfurt Motor Show, the company presents the 911 model, developed under the direction of Ferry Porsche. The original model name, 901, was changed to 911 to avoid litigation with Peugeot, which reserved the name for itself. This did not affect the success of the car, it soon becomes a cult.
Initially, the 911 was equipped with a 2-liter engine with 130 hp, which was aggregated with a five-speed mechanical box gears. In 1964, a sports version of the Porsche 911 Carrera appeared with a water-cooled engine. Since 1966, the Targa modification has been produced with a characteristic open body, including a glass roof.
Porsche 911 (1963)
In 1965, Porsche introduced the 912 with four cylinders. Compared to the six-cylinder 911, it was cheaper and quickly gained popularity. In the late 60s, this model was replaced by the 914, developed jointly with Volkswagen. The car was offered in two versions: with 4 and 6 cylinders, and the 914/6 was bought rather poorly, while the cheaper 914/4 became a bestseller from Porsche.
In 1972, the company ceased to be only a family business, having received the status of a public company. The Porsche family lost control of business management, and Ernst Fuhrmann became the head of the brand. He made the decision during the 70s to replace the 911 with a larger one. sports car 928 rear-wheel drive, front-mounted V8 engine. However, as you can see, the 911 outlived the 928. In the early 1980s, Fuhrmann was replaced by Peter W. Schutz, a 911 enthusiast.
In 1976, the 914 was replaced by the 924, also developed with Volkswagen. The German auto giant invited Porsche to develop an affordable sports car that was to be equipped with an Audi transmission. However, as a result of the oil crisis, management began to doubt the need to release a model. Then Porsche bought the project from Volkswagen.
The 924 was distinguished by its timeless appearance, classic layout, almost perfect weight distribution and economical four-cylinder engines with a air cooling. Three years after the start of sales, the car received a turbocharged version.
Porsche 924 (1976-1988)
After Peter Schutz was appointed to the position of head of the company, the Porsche 911 again becomes the favorite of the brand. In 1982, an open-top version appeared, in 1983, a 911 Carrera with a 231-horsepower engine.
In 1980, the Porsche 959 debuts with a 2.8-liter six-cylinder engine with two turbochargers, developing 450 hp. Body parts were made of Kevlar, the computer controlled the operation of four shock absorbers, the value ground clearance, and also distributed the torque between the axles.
In 1990, Porsche signs an agreement with Toyota to provide training in lean manufacturing methods. Since 2004, the Japanese company has been helping Porsche develop hybrid technology.
In 1993, the premiere of a new generation of the 911 model took place, which received a new powerful motor 272 hp, rear multi-link suspension and nothing like the shape of the body.
In 1996, the Boxster two-seater roadster debuted, which, unlike other models, was originally conceived with an open top. Its water-cooled motor developed 204 hp. and located in front of the rear axle.
A year later, the new 911, similar to the Boxster, was released, which later received a version with an opening top, controlled by a hydraulic drive.
In 2002, a completely unexpected, but very impressive novelty was presented - the Cayenne SUV, which became one of the most popular models stamps all over the world, including in Russia. The model was developed with the participation of specialists from the Volkswagen concern. Perfectly created for her. new platform, providing for a longitudinal arrangement of the engine, a body with subframes and a fully independent suspensions all wheels. Volkswagen Group released its own version of the model - Touareg.
Cayenne became the brand's bestseller thanks to reliable suspension, good handling and excellent off-road performance. The younger brother of Cayenne, compact crossover The Porsche Macan was unveiled at the 2013 Los Angeles Auto Show. The brand was inspired to create it by the success of its first SUV.
Porsche Cayenne (2002)
The history of the brand in Russia began in 2001, when ZAO Sportcar Center sold the first Porsche car, the 911 Carrera. Russian buyers quickly fell in love with the German mark, and its sales in Russia, despite the change economic situation show stable growth.
Now the Porsche brand is improving its the lineup, which, compared to other sports car manufacturers, is the most diverse. Among other things, the automaker has released several hybrid versions of its cars and, according to management, will continue to work in this direction. Continuing the legacy of its founder, Porsche remains a leader in many areas of the automotive industry, remaining a cult brand for a whole army of fans.
