Question from a reader:
« Good day. Help me figure out the weight of the car! There are many different indicators, the head is spinning, and two are indicated in the PTS! For example - what is the permitted weight of the car? What is no load? And the last thing is the curb weight of the car? Thank you in advance. Luda»
The question is really interesting. I'll try to explain in simple words read our article...
To begin with, it is worth noting that this is very important characteristic. Using this value, you can calculate the fuel consumption, as well as dynamic characteristics car. For example, a car with the same technical component (engine power and the same transmissions) may differ in dynamics due to the mass of the car. Even a difference of 20 - 50 kg can greatly affect the dynamics of the car, the difference can be 1 -2 seconds, and this is significant. That's why from racing cars remove everything superfluous in order to lighten the body to the maximum, respectively, increase the dynamics of the car. Also - the lighter your car, the less it consumes. If the body car light- the engine does not need to push a heavy body on high revs, enough average speed and speed is dialed, so the consumption is less.
As you can see, mass has a lot to do with it. Therefore, manufacturers are trying to lighten the body as much as possible. modern cars mobiles, using stronger and lighter materials such as aluminum alloys, carbon fiber, etc.
But as you rightly noted in the TCP, and in the car operation book, there are many different masses. Let's go in order.
Dry vehicle weight
Such a term is rarely used in everyday life, it is mainly used by manufacturers on test benches. “Dry” is the mass of the vehicle, without equipment that is not rigidly attached, as well as without oils (engine and transmission), without fluids (coolant, brake, washer fluid), without fuel, without tools, without passengers and without any cargo . That is, almost a "naked" car.
Weight without load (if completely - the weight of the car in the “curb state” without load) sometimes also the curb weight of the car
There is a designation in the PTS. Without load (but in running order) is the mass of the car, without a driver and passengers, without cargo, but with a full supply of fuel, necessary tools and spare consumables (jack, pump and spare wheel) and fully equipped with liquids. That is, gasoline, and all oils and fluids (coolant, brake, washer fluid) are all there.
Permissible maximum weight (in the TCP specified as permittedmax weight)
This is the maximum permissible weight, factory installed- by the manufacturer with the driver and passengers, with cargo, with all liquids, with fuel, with tools, as well as with trailers that affect the mass (trailers, motorhomes).
At this maximum weight, the car retains its technical properties, if you exceed it, then the movement may not be safe. It may just not withstand the suspension. It should be noted that manufacturers take into account the driver and passengers weighing 75 - 80 kg.
These are the masses of the car obtained. I hope my article was helpful to you.
An overloaded car, both a passenger car and a truck, is a great danger to the driver and other road users. In addition, it creates an increased load on the roadway, which suffers in any case. How to calculate the overload, and what are the fines for driving with violations today? Each driver must understand his responsibility and know what threatens him.
Permissible weight of vehicles
In the summer of 2015, amendments to the relevant acts on the carriage of goods by Russian roads. Based on this document, new norms for the permissible mass of vehicles have been introduced.
For example, the maximum weight of a car that has the right to drive on the road without additional permission is 44 tons. This is the ultimate maximum.
For passenger cars, such standards, of course, do not exist. But does this mean that you can overload your car and drive with impunity? The limit still exists. It is concluded that it is forbidden to carry a large number of passengers. This is punishable by an appropriate fine.
Permissible axial load
In a relationship freight transport axle load rule applies. This crucial point when calculating. In order to understand exactly how the load is calculated, you need to understand the simplest concepts.
So, all cars are divided into two classes:
- "A" - operated on the tracks of three categories: the first, second and third, respectively.
- "B" - carried out movement on any road.
The allowed values are listed below.
First of all, for cars:
- with two axles - 18 tons;
- with three axles - 25 tons;
- with four axles - 32 tons;
- with five axles - 35 tons.
As for road trains, other standards are established for them:
- with three axles - 28 tons;
- with four axles - 36 tons;
- with five axles - 40 tons;
- with six axles or more - 44 tons.
How to calculate?
The load is calculated using a complex formula. You also need to take into account maximum weight for roads of a certain category. Load truck it is distributed as follows: on the front axle it is less, on the rear (or rear) it is much higher.
When the car drives into the scales at the post, the control officer uses a special directory, which contains a huge number of types Vehicle and the detailed load on their axles is painted. Let's look at a few examples and determine how it adds up to each axis.
Cargo "GAZelle" has two axles: front and rear. The total weight of the car is added up according to the formula:
M TS \u003d N PO + N ZO, where:
It would seem that everything is simple, but for other vehicles it is not always possible to apply this formula. Three axle cars with two combined axes, you need to calculate differently. For example, let's take the car "Kamaz" -53215. The calculation is already carried out according to the formula:
M TS \u003d N PO + N t, where:
- M TC is the mass of the vehicle;
Table
Consider a table allowable loads. Please note that the rates are given for each axle.
The calculation should be made as accurately as possible, since the error can be no more than 5%. The closer the axles are to each other, the stronger the pressure on the roadway. This explains the dependence on distance.
Legislative restrictions in other countries
When sending a loaded car outside of Russia or for goods, it is important to study the legislation in order to avoid fines that can significantly affect the budget.
Below is a table with which you can determine the total permissible weight of vehicles in some countries.
| Countries/car | biaxial | triaxial | four-axle | trailer 2 axles | trailer in 3 axles | road train in 4 axles | road train with 5 and 6 axles | road train truck 3 axles | road train 4 axles |
| Poland | 19 | 26 | 30 | 18 | 24 | 37 | 40 | 29 | 38 |
| Germany | 17 | 24 | 32 | 18 | 24 | 35 | 40 | 27 | 35 |
| France | 19 | 26 | 26 | 19 | 24 | 38 | 40 | — | 38 |
| Belgium | 19 | 28 | 32 | 20 | 30 | 38 | 44 | 29 | 39 |
| Spain | 20 | 26 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 38 | 38 | — | 38 |
| Belarus | 20 | 25 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 36 | 44 | — | 38 |
| Kazakhstan | 18 | 25 | 32 | 18 | 24 | 32 | 44 | 28 | 38 |
Transport companies carefully study the information and laws of other countries and insure those who apply to them.
Statistical and dynamic weighing
On special points, located on the track, occurs control weighing to determine if the vehicle is overloaded and what the axle load is.
Weigh it in two ways:
- in static;
- in dynamics.
Both of these methods are used today, let's find out what is their difference. So, weighing in statics happens like this: the car drives into the scales and stops. This method determines the exact weight of the vehicle at the moment.
Weighing in dynamics occurs when the vehicle is moving slowly. This method is necessary to determine the load on each axle. The car moves on the scales at a speed not exceeding 5 km/h.
The only disadvantage of this method is the error, which you definitely need to know about. The maximum it can be 3%.
All scales used today at weighing points are predominantly electronic. Entrance to them is made using a ramp. Not always two types of scales are installed at the same post.
Responsibility for overload
Undoubtedly, all citizens who have cars know that there is a liability for overloading. Drivers most often experience this. trucks. Owners passenger vehicles For the most part, they don't think about overloading at all.
The maximum allowable weight of a car, if you do not take into account the load on the axles, is set even before the car leaves the assembly line. Each document on the vehicle has a line regarding this moment.
The manufacturer himself knows how much load the car can withstand. This is influenced by many factors: from the parts used in production to the distance between the axles.
What causes overload?
Responsibility for overload is a very serious matter. Such actions sometimes lead to serious consequences, among them:
- Creation emergency. An overloaded car moves along the road unsteadily. In addition, the load creates pressure on the axle, which at one moment may not withstand.
- Destruction of the roadway. It's hard to argue with this, but overloaded cars really break up roads. Pits on them are a huge problem for the country, fines are not always able to cover the damage.
- Parts of the car and its parts quickly become unusable, the vehicle itself becomes obsolete and breaks down.
- If the car is overloaded, then the braking distance will be longer, which will create an additional risk of an emergency.
These are not all factors on the basis of which drivers can be severely fined.
Freight car
Drivers trucks you also need to remember how to properly transport certain types of cargo:
- large;
- dangerous and others.
Penalties for violation are provided for in Article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. They are divided into three types:
- For individual- 1500-2000 rubles;
- For official- up to 15,000 rubles;
- For legal entity- up to 400,000 rubles.
In some cases, when transporting goods, a transport permit may be required. If not, then you will also be fined.
In some situations, when documents are drawn up for the cargo, and the weight does not match what is presented in the papers, an additional inspector may impose a fine of 5,000 rubles. For companies, it will increase at least 50 times.
The traffic police inspector does not have the right to issue a fine if the control weighing has not taken place. Overload can be determined by eye, but it cannot be proved in any way.
A car
In the Code of administrative offenses there is no word about transshipment of passenger vehicles. Nobody weighs them on the road. In this case, the inspector may find another reason to issue a fine.
Those who load a car to the eyeballs, they know how this affects handling, skidding and wear of parts. Most often, drivers cars issue a fine for incorrect transportation passengers. They can be placed exactly as much as was approved in the documents.
The penalties are as follows:
- warning;
- 500 rubles for violation of the rules of transportation;
- 1000 rubles for not wearing a seat belt.
So, overloading a car is a serious violation for which liability is provided. Before you go on the road, study the rules well. If transport companies take full responsibility, then the private driver will have to answer for everything on their own.
In the field of machines and everything connected with them, there are two such concepts as full mass and curb weight of the vehicle. These are two characteristics that are always talked about in theoretical classes at a driving school, but many even the most avid drivers manage to forget this terminology. In order to make it clear what all this means and how it affects the machine itself, let's try to consider this issue in detail.
Brief interpretation of the term
So, the curb weight of the car is the total weight of the car. It includes all running parts, all the contents of the cabin (including audio-video equipment), as well as consumables, such as engine oil, coolant and fuel ( full tank). The indicator of this weight unit does not include the weight of the driver and passengers, as well as cargo and other parts that do not affect the operation running system cars. Based on the term itself, one can understand that this is the very “equipment”, that is, equipment that provides full readiness to the process of movement, braking, sliding, and so on.
Gross and curb weight of the car: differences
Unlike the curb weight indicator, the full weight also includes the weight of the driver, passengers and transported goods. It is clear that all people are different, and each is characterized by its own mark on the scales. The same applies to luggage - you can pack the car in such a way that it will not budge. That is why among motorists the concept of "permissible gross vehicle weight" is most often used. Each car has its own maximum resolvable mark, it all depends on the manufacturer, the materials used in the building, as well as on the structure of the body and other load-bearing parts. It is important not to load your car so that this indicator is exceeded. Otherwise, the body will gradually deform, as well as bridge systems and other parts that are attached to the suspension.
Exceptions to Machine Rules
As mentioned above, the curb weight of the car is the weight that is characteristic of it with full “equipment”, with the presence of all Supplies and accessories. However, in some European countries this weight unit also includes the weight of the driver, but only if it does not exceed 75 kilograms. The Europeans came to this conclusion because it is the driver who causes the car to move, and without him the driving process will become impossible. In Russia, the curb weight of a car is, in addition to all the details mentioned, also a spare wheel, tools that can be useful on the road in the event of an accident or breakdown, and sometimes a can of spare fuel.
Machine weight and its maximum speed limit
It is also known from the lessons of physics that heavier objects will always move at a lower speed, since they have to overcome more resistance. What does the curb weight of the car and its specifications how do they interact with each other? In order not to delve into the study of the features of each model of each brand of modern cars, we will consider this issue on two types of cars: a two-seater coupe and an SUV. The weight of the first car, of course, is small. Yes, a considerable share is occupied by the engine, injectors and everything that provides fast acceleration sports car. However, her body is small, there are only two seats in the cabin, luggage compartment absent. The mass of the jeep is two or even three times more, it has five or six seats, multi-liter trunk. Takes up a lot of space and fuel tank, which is always extremely large. Logically, the Audi TT RS will move faster and more agile than
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