Water pump, compressor and generator drive
carried out by V-belts, from reliable operation
which the normal operation of these units depends. Therefore, when
daily maintenance of engines, protect belts from
oil and fuel ingress, control their tension and
regulate it. Especially carefully check the tension
belts during the first 50 hours of engine operation, as this
time is their maximum extraction. Belt tension
should always be normal, since both superfluous and
insufficient tension leads to premature exit
them out of order. Also, excessive tension on the drive belt
water
serve
cause
destruction
pump bearings.
Fine
tensioned water pump belt
pressing on the middle of a long branch with a force of 40 N (4 kgf)
bends by 7–12 mm (Fig. 55) or 10–15 mm (Fig. 56), and the belt
compressor - by 4 - 8 mm on a short branch (Fig. 58).
Check the tension of the alternator drive belts by pressing
with a force of 40 N (4 kgf) in the middle of the branch of each belt (Fig. 59),
in this case, the generator drive belts must bend by 10 -
15 mm. If the belts flex more or less than specified,
adjust their tension.
Water pump belt tension for YaMZ-236NE engines,
NE2, BE, BE2 (Fig. 55) adjust the tensioner, for
1 loosen the bolts of the tensioning bracket lever
fixtures;
2 with a Ø12 mm wrench inserted into the hole
bracket
tension
fixtures,
tension the belt;
3 without loosening the tension tighten the mounting bolts
tensioner bracket lever;
4 Check belt tension.
Rice. 55. Checking the tension of the water pump belt
YaMZ-236NE, NE2, BE, BE2 engines
Rice. 56. Tension check
water pump belt
Rice. 57. Withdrawal
shims
YaMZ-236N,B engines
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Water pump belt tension for YaMZ-236N, B engines
adjust with shims (Fig. 56, 57). For belt tension
unscrew the nuts securing the pulley sidewall and remove one or two
shims (Fig. 57). Put the gaskets on
the outer side of the sidewall and sequentially, in several
tricks, tighten the nuts, turning the pulley after tightening
each rayka. Then check that the belt tension is correct.
When replacing an old belt with a new one, place all spacers between
hub and removable pulley sidewall and adjust the tension
belt as above.
Adjust the tension of the compressor belt with a tensioner
device. Loosen the locknut by one before adjusting.
turn, the nut for fastening the axis of the pulley of the tensioner - on
half a turn and the tensioner bolt nut two turns.
Rotate the tensioner bolt to adjust the belt tension.
After adjustment, tighten the axle nut and locknut
torque 120 ... 150 N m (12 ... 15 kgf m) and tensioner bolt nut
– torque 10…20 N m (1…2 kgf m), with higher torque
tightening, the adjustment will be violated due to the movement of the axis
tension
compressor
Examination
tension
generator
Examination
Tension
generator
regulate
by moving the generator relative to the axis of its attachment.
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regulation
let loose
mounts
alternator, alternator strap mounting nut and mounting bolt
generator to the bar. Fasten securely after adjustment.
generator. With an increased hood and a break in at least one of
alternator drive belts, replace both belts as a set for
ensure that they are evenly loaded.
TIGHTENING FASTENING
CYLINDER HEADS
Rice. 60. The order of tightening the nuts for fastening the heads
cylinders:
a) common cylinder head;
b) - individual cylinder head.
Check the tightening torque of the head nuts
cylinders
calibrated
cold
able
engine and, if necessary, tighten them until
235…255 N . m (24…26 kgf . m).
produce
sequences
shown in fig. 60.
ATTENTION!
PROHIBITED
TIGHTEN
MOMENT
INDICATED BECAUSE IT WILL BREAK THE STUDS AND
BREAKING CYLINDER HEADS AND TIGHTNESS
THE CONNECTION WILL NOT BE RESTORED BY THIS.
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After tightening the cylinder head nuts
adjust the thermal clearances in the valve mechanism and
install the cylinder head covers.
GAP ADJUSTMENT
VALVE MECHANISM
Thermal gaps in the valve mechanism are designed
to ensure a tight fit of the valve on the seat when
expansion of valve drive parts during operation
engine. The value of the thermal gap at the inlet and outlet
valves are installed the same and regulated within
0.25…0.30 mm. When re-checking gaps after scrolling
cranked
regulated
engine
Maybe
changing them to the limits of 0.20 ... 0.35 mm due to the error
location
surfaces
distribution mechanism, which is acceptable.
With too large thermal gaps, it decreases
valves,
due to
get worse
filling and cleaning of cylinders, shock loads increase and
wear of parts of the gas distribution mechanism increases.
For very small gaps due to thermal expansion
parts of the gas distribution mechanism are not provided
fit
valves
violated
gas-dynamic processes in the engine cylinders worsen
power and technical and economic indicators of the engine.
In addition, reducing the clearance in the exhaust valve drive
can lead to overheating of the valves and their burnout.
Adjust the clearance gaps on a cold engine or
not earlier than 1 hour after its stop.
When adjusting thermal gaps and re-
On the head of the right row of cylinders
rockers
exhaust valves to the end of the axle, intake valves - to
thrust washer;
On the head of the left row of cylinders, the rocker arms are
inlet valves to thrust washer, inlet valves
- to the end of the axle.
The exhaust valves of the right row of cylinders are
are laid closer to the fan, the left row of cylinders - to
flywheel.
Adjustment sequence:
1 Turn off the fuel supply.
2 Loosen the cylinder head cover bolts
and remove covers.
3 Check the tightening torque of the axle bolts
rocker,
(12…15 kgf m).
4 Turn the crankshaft clockwise (when
view from the fan side) in front with a key for the bolt
fastening the pulley or behind the crowbar behind the flywheel through
hatch at the bottom of the flywheel housing, using
holes in the flywheel (Fig. 61), set the moment when
inlet
cylinder
fully
will rise (i.e. close). Keep spinning
crankshaft, turn it about 1/3 more
turnover (≈120º). This is the position of the crankshaft
corresponds to the compression stroke in the first cylinder and both
the valves of that cylinder will be closed.
Rice. 61. Cranking the crankshaft
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5 Check the gap between the end of the valve and the toe with a feeler gauge
rocker arms at the intake and exhaust valves of the first
cylinder and adjust if necessary.
Rice. 62. Gap adjustment
valve mechanism
adjustments
turn away
adjusting screw, insert the probe into the gap and, turning
screw with a screwdriver (Fig. 62), set a gap of 0.25 ... 0.30 mm.
While holding the screw with a screwdriver, tighten the nut and check
gap size. With properly adjusted
gauge gap thickness
0.25 mm must be included at
light pressure, 0.30 mm thick - with effort.
adjustments
valvular
mechanism
other cylinders crank the crankshaft in
the same direction until the inlet is completely closed
adjustable cylinder valve and additionally
1/3 turn. Adjust gaps as above.
adjustment
carry out in accordance with the order of their work
1-4-2-5-3-6. The cylinder numbering scheme is given in
section "Technical characteristics".
graduation
adjustments
run
engine and listen to its work. Knocks in the valve
mechanism
characteristic knock of valves to stop the engine and
repeat gap adjustment.
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9 Fit and secure the cylinder head covers,
check the condition of the gaskets. At the point of attachment
The caps must not leak oil.
CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE ANGLE
Drivers who take care of their car regularly check its technical condition. But given the fact that a modern car is a complex set of various parts and mechanisms, then keeping the state of all elements under control is not such an easy task. But hardly anyone wants to bring the car to a critical state in the form of a breakdown, which will put the whole process of the car’s activity to “no”. For this reason, thrifty motorists before each trip try to perform a special ritual, which consists in inspecting the most important nodes. This list should include in the diagnosis such a parameter as the tension of the alternator belt. It is very important to be aware of how to tighten the alternator belt and do it correctly, efficiently and for a long time.
A belt drive is the only way to provide transmission from the crankshaft to the rotary motion generator. The belt, which is made of elastic reinforced rubber, is designed to connect two pulleys together. This pair rotates at a speed of several thousand revolutions per minute. With the fact of such indicators, it is considered a prerequisite when the belt fits very tightly to the pulley groove. In this case, he does not miss any kind of slippage.
As for the degree of tension of this device, there can be three options:
- Excessive tension, which reduces the life of the generator bearings.
- Insufficient tension when the belt is relaxed, causing it to slip and whistle in sharp turns. As a result - certain drawdowns in the voltage of the on-board network.
- Normal tension is naturally ideal.
If there are suspicions about problems with the belt, then I recommend that you immediately carry out the appropriate diagnostics, which will help you accurately find out about the condition and degree of tension of this mechanism. To implement the operations described below, the driver will need a caliper, and in the absence of one, an ordinary ruler, preferably a metal one, will do.
At the first stage, you need to press on the described device with a certain force (at least 3 and not more than 4 kg). After that, you need to measure the degree of bending using the prepared device. If the tension is normal, then the indicator will not exceed the mark of 1 cm. Otherwise, we can talk about the unacceptable condition of the alternator belt.
There is another way to diagnose the analyzed device. To use it, you need a dynamometer. In this case, the belt must be pulled to the side and, again, its deflection should be measured.
An experienced specialist is able, without using any of the devices described above, to understand whether the alternator belt is in a normal state. But I do not recommend overestimating your knowledge and skills and still carry out diagnostics using special devices.
As for the optimal tension values, these are the following data: for the generator 37.3701 - a deflection of 10-15 mm, for the generator 9402.3701 - a deflection of 6-10 mm. In this case, the pressing force should be about 10 kgf. 
As part of this, it should be noted about the resource of the described mechanism. So, auto experts advise replacing the alternator belt every 15 thousand km. And another reason for the need to repair the belt is when it peels off or breaks.
Features of the lift
If the car owner, in the process of diagnosing the alternator belt, found a weak degree of its tension, then this still not very terrible and dangerous defect should be corrected. How to tighten the alternator belt - this will be discussed later. 
First of all, it should be noted that, when starting the operation of tightening the alternator belt, it would not hurt to first familiarize yourself with the list of recommendations from the manufacturer. They can often provide very useful information. And at least you should be aware of those individual features of your car that can to some extent change the overall repair process.
The procedure for tightening the alternator belt can be implemented using two devices: an adjusting bar or an adjusting bolt.
With adjustable strap
Here, the answer to the question of how to tighten the alternator belt will not be particularly difficult, since many cars have a very simple adjustment mechanism for the mechanism being analyzed.
When using the adjusting bar as the main tightening tool, you should be aware that the car's generator itself is attached to the engine crankcase. This is done with the help of a long bolt, which allows it to move from top to bottom. And the elements designed to fix the position of the generator are called a slot and a nut. They are part of an arcuate bar, which is located in the upper part of the described structure. In order to achieve the optimal tension value, you need to follow these instructions:
Adjusting bolt
To carry out the tightening procedure with the help of an adjusting bolt, which, by the way, is a more convenient and progressive way in the practice of car maintenance, you need to follow this algorithm of actions:
- Loosen the nuts of both the lower and upper fastenings of the generator.
- Turn the adjusting screw clockwise.
- Take the generator away from the block, while simultaneously checking the degree of tension.
- Tighten the alternator fastening nuts correctly.
Upon completion of work on tensioning the generator belt (it does not matter which device they were implemented with), first of all, you need to check the performance of the common generator set. They usually start by checking the circuit when the engine is turned off. To do this, turn the key so that the control light on the shield lights up. And only under this condition is it allowed to start the engine. After some time, as a result of the rotation of the crankshaft at medium frequencies, the light should go out. 
If you have any difficulties with tightening the alternator belt, I advise you to find the maximum amount of information about the generator set and the tightening procedure, depending on a particular car model.
In general, this action should not cause any particular difficulties, since it is carried out according to the standard scheme even by novice drivers. By the way, no matter what tool was used to tighten the belt, it is imperative to carry out a control measurement after a short trip. This will allow the car owner to be absolutely confident in the normal condition of the alternator belt and, as a result, the excellent operation of the entire car.
Video “How to tighten the alternator belt yourself”
The recording shows how to remove the squeak and knock of the camshaft using a stretch.
Absolutely any, more or less, experienced driver knows that the correct tension of the alternator belt will provide reliable power supply to the car's on-board network and good, which is so important when starting the engine. A loose belt can slip relative to the alternator pulley and quickly break due to heat, and a tightly tensioned belt creates a large load on the bearings of the generator rotor shaft and pump, as a result of which they quickly fail.
As you understand, such a parameter as belt tension should always be within the normal range. To check the tension of the belt, you can use a metal strip half a meter long and a simple ruler. Almost all domestic cars allow belt deflection, which is formed between the alternator pulley and the crankshaft, equal to 15 millimeters. The force, in this case, should not exceed 10 kg / cm.
Procedure:
1. To measure the tension of the alternator belt, place a thin metal strip between the crankshaft pulley and the alternator.
2. Act on the belt by pulling it away from the strip with your fingers.
3. Measure the distance from the highest position of the alternator belt to the metal strip.
The resulting value will mean the deflection of the alternator belt. If it has any deviations from the norm, then it will be necessary to adjust the alternator belt or replace it, depending on the degree of belt wear.
Alternator Belt Adjustment
So, if you come to the conclusion that the alternator belt tension is insufficient or excessive, then you need to proceed with the adjustments. It is performed quite simply, so you can do without car service employees.
Procedure:
1. Install the car on a level surface and exclude any accidental movement. The presence of an inspection pit is not at all necessary, however, if your car is a “classic” family, then it is better to use the pit. Disconnect the "negative" terminal of the battery to avoid accidental short circuits of the live parts of the engine compartment (wires, plugs and cases of metal elements).
2. Loosen the nut located on the alternator adjusting bar. You do not need to unscrew it too much, since you only need to release the generator from fastening. Do the same for the bottom nut. It is screwed onto a long bolt, which is the main fastening of any generator.
3. Insert a prybar into the gap between the engine and generator and bend the generator, creating the necessary force on the belt. Without loosening the applied force, tighten the adjusting bar nut as tight as possible. After that, check the belt tension as described above. If the measurement result is not correct, then loosen the nut again and re-tighten.
4. Once the belt tension meets maintenance requirements, tighten the nut on the long bolt. This completes the alternator belt adjustment.
Video - How to tighten or loosen the VAZ generator belt
In the case when the tension of the alternator belt is impossible due to the strong wear of the rubber component, then it is necessary to replace the belt. relevant in the case when the belt is stretched or has any defects in the form of burrs and cracks. In addition, during operation, it can emit a characteristic whistle, by which it is not difficult to determine its faulty condition.
Before replacing, purchase the exact same alternator belt. A product from another car model will not work in any way - this must be carefully remembered.
Procedure:
1. Place the vehicle on a level surface and immobilize. The presence of a viewing hole, as in the first case, is not a mandatory, but a desirable condition. Be sure to disconnect the negative battery terminal.
2. Loosen the nut that secures the generator to the adjustment bar. After that, loosen the nut that tightens the long bolt from the bottom of the generator.
3. Pull the alternator towards the engine and remove the old belt.
4. Mounting a new belt looks more complicated. The most important thing is to make every effort, while not spoiling the product. First, it is recommended to put the belt on the crankshaft pulley, then on the alternator pulley. If there is a water pump pulley - last, put the belt on the pump pulley.
5. After that, tension the belt and tighten all loose nuts. Don't forget to put the battery terminal back in place.
This is how the alternator belt tension is checked, adjusted and replaced. This set of procedures is basic and is performed by a standard set of automotive tools. This does not require special knowledge, so you can check the belt tension yourself.
One of the technical work that the car owner can do on their own without the involvement of car service specialists is tightening the alternator belt. Driving a car with a loose alternator belt will adversely affect the battery and may lead to its complete discharge and failure. That is why, when the first signs of a weakening of the alternator belt appear, it is important to tighten it in order to normalize the battery charging and the operation of the car's electrical equipment.
Table of contents:Please note: On some vehicles, the alternator belt also drives the water pump. If it is not tightened in time, this will lead to negative consequences. At a minimum, the risk of overheating of the motor will increase, which, in turn, may result in the need for a major overhaul.
Symptoms of a loose alternator belt
Not all drivers know exactly when the alternator belt is loose, and what signs indicate this. The main symptom of a weakened alternator belt is this. It is best heard at the time of starting the engine, as well as when revving.
Important: Remember that not only a loose alternator belt can lead to such squeals. Similar signs of weakening of other belt drives - or hydraulic booster.
To accurately determine that the whistle is coming from a loose alternator belt, you need to check it. The easiest way to do this is to turn off the engine, and then manually check how well the belt is tensioned. To do this, you will need to check the amount of belt deflection. To do this, push on the belt. If it bends no more than 0.5 cm, then its tension is sufficient for normal operation. If the deflection is stronger, this indicates that the alternator belt needs to be tightened.
Another symptom that clearly indicates a problem with the alternator or its belt tension is a severe drop in battery charge level.
How to tighten the alternator belt
After you find that the alternator belt is loose, it is better not to delay this problem and immediately begin to solve it, that is, tighten the belt. This is a simple job that you can handle on your own without professional technical skills and knowledge. However, depending on the car, the alternator belt tensioning process may differ, consider the main ones.
Adjusting bar
The simplest mechanism for adjusting the tension of the alternator belt is the adjusting bar. It can be found, more often, on cars of the budget price category.
A generator with a similar mechanism is attached to the engine block or crankcase with a long screw. With this screw, you can move the generator relative to the motor. As the adjustment mechanism, a bar with a slot for the nut is used. Most often, this mechanism is located at the top of the generator.
To adjust the generator mounted on the bar, you must do the following:
- Unscrew or loosen the adjusting nut itself;
- Using a pry bar or other similar tool, move the generator away from the engine so that the belt is sufficiently tensioned;
- Next, the previously loosened nut is tightened on the bar.
- After that, you can check how well the work was done, and whether the belt is tensioned enough.
Adjusting screw
A more reliable and modern way to mount the generator involves the use of an adjusting screw. On modern premium foreign cars, as well as on many models of the middle and even budget price segment, this method of fastening is used. To tighten the alternator belt, tensioned with the adjusting screw, you must:
- Loosen the top or bottom tightening of the generator;
- Next, make one turn of the adjusting screw clockwise;
- Move the generator away from the cylinder block, making sure that the belt is sufficiently tensioned;
- Tighten the nuts that secure the alternator.
After that, you need to check how well the alternator belt is tensioned. Retension if necessary.
Important: Excessively tensioned alternator belt can lead to its rapid wear.
Alternator Belt Replacement
If after you have tightened the alternator belt, it continues to whistle and begins to droop quickly, it will probably need to be replaced. Most often, the reasons for replacing the alternator belt are:
If any of the above signs appear, or the alternator belt breaks, it must be replaced. When choosing an alternator belt for replacement, it is recommended to use the selection by VIN code, or you can provide information about the necessary belt to the seller, specifying it in advance in the book on the technical operation of the car.
The process of replacing the belt itself is quite simple, it can be found in the book on the technical operation of your car. Before starting work, you need to put the car on the handbrake and de-energize the network by removing the terminal from the battery. The work itself boils down to the fact that the fastening is loosened first, after which the generator must be pressed against the engine and the old belt removed. Next, a new belt is pulled in its place.
Has a very important meaning. If the belt is relaxed, then at high speeds it slips, whistles, as a result, there are drawdowns in the voltage of the on-board network.
It is also not worth pulling the alternator belt strongly. With a highly tensioned belt, the life of the generator bearings () is sharply reduced.
How to identify a loose belt?
A loosely tensioned alternator belt often makes sounds (whistles), and voltage drops occur (headlights burn weakly and flash in the dark), possibly the red “battery” icon on the instrument panel winks.
Belt resource
What should be the alternator belt tension?
The belt should not be too tight or too loose. Optimal tightness - the belt is stretched and bends by 10-15mm (for generator 37.3701) and by 6-10mm (for generator 9402.3701) when pressed with a force of 10kg (see figure).
How to tighten the alternator belt?
Tensioning the alternator belt is not a difficult task. This operation will take about 10 minutes. I note right away that different engines (1.5 and 1.6 liters) are installed on the VAZ 2114, 2113, 2115, therefore the belt tensioning process is different for them.
For engine 2111 (1.5L)
- We loosen the tightening of the upper and lower mountings of the generator (see the figure).
- We adjust the belt tension using the adjusting screw (see the figure). Clockwise we tighten the belt, counter-clockwise we loosen it.
- Having pulled it to the right moment, we tighten the generator mounts and check the belt.
For 1.6L engine
In this operation, in addition to the keys, we need a small crowbar.
- We also relax both generator mounts (see the figure).
- Next, we take a crowbar and move the generator away from the engine (we tighten the belt), resting the crowbar on the cylinder block (see the figure). If the belt tension needs to be relaxed, then we move the generator to the engine.
- We twist the generator mounts and check the belt tightness.
If after adjusting the belt, the problem of voltage drops remains, then look for another problemafter checking the generator ().
