Ferrari who is the manufacturer. History of Ferrari

13.06.2019

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23.02.14 14:19

Become an owner today Ferrari car not only every man dreams, but also any woman will not refuse the pleasure of having a car of this class at her disposal. Ferrari has long been a symbol of speed, safety, reliability and quality. The Italian concern has long history development, during which there were also difficult years, but the wise management of the company allowed this legendary brand to be preserved, which today is considered the excellence of the automotive industry.

Brief history of Ferrari

Founding of Ferrari

In 1939, a company called "Auto Avio Costruzioni" appeared. Its main founder was Enzo Ferrari, a well-known test racer who worked for Alfa Romeo.

Ferrari ran a company whose main task was to produce all kinds of equipment for cars. The racer even entered into a partnership agreement with Alfa Romeo, as a result of which all cars produced had the logo of this brand.

The first Ferrari cars

First vehicle, which was honored to bear the name "Ferrari", was released in 1946. It was the original Ferrari 125. The car was equipped with a 12-cylinder engine. Enzo Ferrari emphasized that his cars could develop incredible speed, but at the same time, be comfortable on daily trips. The same principle is used by the company today.

At the same time, the logo for new brand cars. The logo featured an image of a galloping stallion on a yellow background.

1950s-1970s

By the 50s of the XX century, there were already several Ferrari models that were distinguished by a large engine capacity, as well as a beautiful and comfortable interior.

Saw the light in 1951 exclusive model 340 America, whose engine held 4.1 liters. Two years later this model was improved and received a different name - 375 America.

In subsequent years, the company continued to produce quality cars, which were very popular among connoisseurs of cars. So, there was a Ferrari 250 GT California, 410 Super America and many other models.

In 1968, the Italian concern presents to the public the premiere 365GTB / 4, which is capable of speeds of 282 km / h. For that period of time, this is the most fast car in the world.

The company gains worldwide fame, continuing to win the love of motorists from all over the world. Cars of the Ferrari brand participate in various races, winning more and more awards every year.

present tense

At the Paris Motor Show Italian company represents the most powerful production car throughout Europe. Such is considered special model Ferrari Enzo, named after the founder of the concern, Enzo Ferrari. It is to this person that the company owes its world fame and advanced design school. Max Speed new items reaches 350 km / h, and up to 100 km / h the car can accelerate in just 3.5 seconds.

Currently, Ferrari is a concern that produces some of the most expensive and beautiful cars worldwide. Each Ferrari model is a legend that will live forever.

Enzo Ferrari - wise genius

It is worth noting that Enzo developed his offspring, the Ferrari concern, as best he could. At a critical time for the company, he managed to find the most optimal way out - to sell 40% of the shares to Fiat, and also to give the remaining 50%, which belongs to him personally, after his death.

This saved the company from bankruptcy and preserved Ferrari's sole brand, which remains unrivaled in the automotive world to this day.

Ancestor legendary brand Enzo Ferrari started his career as a designer and tester for Alfa Romeo cars. The first model under the Ferrari brand came out in 1946 and became a real embodiment of the dream of its creator: properties racing car it was combined with the comfort of the cabin. As an emblem, Enzo Ferrari chose a black prancing stallion on a golden background. It was this symbol that was depicted on the fighter pilot of the First World War, Francesco Baracca, who was shot down near Montello. During his speech at the race track in Ravenna, Enzo Ferrari met the parents of the hero. It was they who suggested that he portray the black horse of their son on a car, assuring him that he would bring good luck.

Since 1947, the production of "street" sports cars with the characteristic Ferrari badge has started. A year later, the first victories were won in the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio races, and a little later, the team’s triumph was reinforced by winning the legendary 24 Hours of Le Mans competition, which was facilitated by unsurpassed specifications Ferrari.

The Ferrari 340 America, which entered the Ferrari lineup in 1951 with a four-liter engine, had incredible success in Europe and Asia, although it was originally designed for sale in the United States. Among the car owners were Emperor Bao Dai of French Indochina, Prince Bernard of the Netherlands, Belgian King Leopold and Italian Count Giovanni Volpi di Misurat.

Creating his road masterpieces, Enzo Ferrari resorted to the services of various design workshops. Long-term cooperation with the company "Pininfarina" began in 1954 with release Ferrari 250 GT.

The Ferrari manufacturer owns the most memorable cars of the 60s: the 250 GTE with a 2 + 2 body, the 330 GT with the original “squinting” headlights and the 250 Gran Turismo Omologata.

Ferrari's automotive phenomenon has taken the world by storm: nine Formula 1 titles, eight Constructors' Championships, nine Le Mans Marathons. Traditionally red sports cars with a body “from the best European maestro” did not leave indifferent even the Americans, who were ready to wait for months and pay a lot of money. “Ferrari is proof of our country’s ability to successfully meet new demands. technical progress", as the President of the Italian Republic said.

Being a hardworking and adamant self-taught, Enzo Ferrari did not forgive himself or those around him for the slightest weakness. According to the stories of his employees, Commendatore (translated as “old master”) was only interested in the victory of his car, and not in the fate of the pilot. But the history of the formation of the Italian brand is also filled with tragic events: only twelve Ferrari drivers died in world-class competitions, for which the Vatican newspaper dubbed Enzo "a modern Lucifer who sacrifices his children." Many did not understand the "old master" who led a reclusive life, especially after the death of his 24-year-old son Dino as a result of a serious illness. The Dino, which appeared in the early 70s with an unconventional Ferrari engine, was created in his honor.

In 1988, at the factory in Maranello, the gloomy Enzo died while fine-tuning new racing Ferraris. The last will of the Commendatore was that "the work should not stop even for a minute." Luca di Montezemolo has been the head of Ferrari since 1991, and in honor of the founder of the Italian company, the Ferrari Enzo model was built at the beginning of the 21st century. The two-seater sports car was first introduced in 2002 at Paris Motor Show. An automaker with a great past and a promising future is now part of the Fiat concern and specializes in the production of racing coupes and luxury convertibles and roadsters.

The Ferrari company is now based in Maranello (Italy). Until 1947, she was engaged in the production of racing cars and the sponsorship of racers. Then its main activity was the creation of Street-legal cars. The history of Ferrari is characterized by constant participation in competitions, mainly in Formula 1.

Perhaps every motorist knows that the yellow depicts a stallion that rears up, and classic color machine is red. But not everyone is aware of exactly how this company appeared and what path it went through before reaching its scale. We will talk about this further.

A little about Enzo Ferrari

The famous Enzo Ferrari was born in 1898 in Modena. He recalled that from a very young age he was an avid fan of car racing and. After World War I ended, he joined the CMN sports team. In 1920 he worked for Alfa Romeo. The period of service in the Italian concern played a significant role in the professional growth of the guy, although he worked there as a simple test driver. Enzo later assembled his own team (it was called " Scuderia Ferrari").

The main activity of the group was the improvement of the developments of Alfa Romeo, which were used in racing. As an emblem, a picture of a rearing horse was used. Ferrari served here until 1938.

After 2 years, he created his own enterprise " Avio Construction». Initially, the company was engaged in the manufacture of metal machines. Then Enzo developed his first car model - "815" - but did not give her his name, since the designer signed a contract when he was fired from Alfa Romeo. According to its provisions, the designer could not produce for 4 years. Therefore, then no one knew about the development of Ferrari.

At the same time, in 1940, Rangoni and Askari drove it in the Mille Miglia. However, they never made it to the finish line. After the outbreak of the war, Enzo moved his company to the small town of Maranello. After the end of the war, the company suffered several air raids. In 1946 the plant was reconstructed. Then came the release racing cars. This date is considered the moment of the official appearance of the concern "Ferrari".

The first cars "Ferrari"

The first creation that came off the assembly line of the company is the -125 GT. Then they released models 125S, 159S, 166. All these cars had engines with 12 cylinders. These motors had a single overhead distributor for all cylinder heads. This design was hallmark Ferrari car.

Note that in the big racing sport, these cars debuted without success. But Ferrari was not going to stop there and decided to further implement his plans. 1948 is the year when he created another car - the Ferrari 125. This model became the prototype of the first racing car who competed in Formula 1. Then Aurelio Lampredi becomes the technical director of the company. It was this man who carried out the complete reconstruction of the Ferrari 125.

Corporation leaders soon realized that they needed their own division for the development and production of sports cars. Therefore, in 1969, the Ferrari company became part of the Fiat concern. Enzo Ferrari, as the founder of the enterprise, insisted on his right to manage it independently. And he led the company until his death (1998).

On video Enzo's biography Ferrari:

1970–2005

In the early seventies, Ferrari had already established a reputation for racing and high class. In 1971, the public was presented new model- Berlinetta Boxer. Two years later they established mass production this car.

In 1984, the Testarossa appeared, which was modernized in 1992. In 1994, this model was again modified. She was equipped with a 12-cylinder engine (volume - 4943 cm 3, power - 440 hp). This car was capable of developing 315 km / h. Released 2 years later new car Maranello 550.

Supercars and Coupes

For recent years Ferrari produced less expensive cars. For example, in the eighties, a four-seater Mondial appeared on the market. It was released in two versions (cabriolet / coupe). In 1989, the 348TB, 348TS models were created. In 1994, the F355 family was made on the basis of these cars. Ferrari also produced highly comfortable 4-seater premium coupes.

The pride of the company is incredible. In their design, they are very reminiscent of racing developments for Formula 1. This is mainly the F40 model, which began to be produced in small batches in 1987.

Ferrari F40

Then Enzo Ferrari personally headed the design department, whose employees were involved in the creation of the F40 model. The result was the best creation of the Italian company for the entire period of its existence. The car has a number of unique characteristics:

the presence of turbocharging;
high strength Kevlar panels;
longitudinal arrangement;
power of 478 horsepower.

Made of carbon fiber and super durable material - Kevlar. , but this can not be called a disadvantage sports car. However, because of this, the seats cannot be adjusted. Note that if the Ferrari is made to order, the driver's seat is created in accordance with the build and dimensions of the buyer.

lovely dynamic characteristics And low level comfort is the motto of the Ferrari F40, which weighed 1118 kilograms. was indifferent to the roughness of the track, steering"felt" any hole, powerful motor demonstrated the unlimited possibilities of the car. This car is considered a unique creation of Ferrari.

Later (1995), the F40 model was upgraded and received the name F-50. The Ferrari concern is also known racing cars used in Formula 1. They improve every year. 1997 was marked by the fact that Ferrari took second place in the Constructors' Championship (Formula 1 World Championship).

Ferrari Enzo

In 2002, the Italian concern began producing a model called the Ferrari Enzo. The most powerful production supercar in Europe. It was created and named after the genius designer and founder of the company, to recall the role of Ferrari's leading design school in the development of racing. This two-seater sports car has a 12-cylinder engine (volume - 6, power - 650). In 3.5 seconds, it can accelerate to 100 km / h and develop more than 350 km / h.

Designed the car famous atelier Pininfarina. The car combines the characteristics of Formula 1 cars - it has a streamlined body, a narrow interior, and the doors open upwards. The main control functions, including gear shifting, are concentrated on the steering wheel. The car is equipped. For three years, 399 cars of this model were produced - the company sold them only to the most famous customers by prior request. The cost of the car was at least 500 thousand euros, which is why not everyone can.

Ferrari is not just car brand and a cult brand. To buy such a car, it is not enough to have a lot of money. You also need to have an appropriate position in society.

1. Childhood dream

Unlike the founders of other well-known car manufacturers who started with bicycles, motorcycles and even looms, Enzo Ferrari knew right away what he wanted. And he wanted a bright, eventful life, fame and recognition. Frequent visits to motor racing with his father led Enzo to fall in love with racing, which he decided to make his destiny.

He never liked to study, so after serving in the army he began to look for work. Ferrari tried to get a job at the Fiat factory, having only a letter of recommendation from the commander of his unit. There he received a blow to his pride in the form of an answer that the company does not take just anyone.

The young man, not changing his dream, went to be hired as a test rider at CMN. It was here that he made his first sports trip in 1919, when he was only 21 years old. First at the Parma-Berceto circuit, where he failed to show a significant result, and then at Targa Florio, although he “owes” his 9th place to the presidential speech in the square, because of which the carabinieri blocked the road.

For two years he gained racing experience there, until he changed his employer to the then completely unknown small company Alfa-Romeo. By natural instinct, he realized that the cars developed by this company interesting design promising great prospects. In the two decades he spent at Alfa Romeo, Enzo has risen from simple driver to the head of the sports division. Having become more familiar with production, he assembled his own team called "Ferrari Stable", the purpose of which was to improve the cars produced. His dream was to create the perfect, wind-fast racing car.

Until the end of the 30s, his "Stable" continued to refine Alfa-Romeo cars, until Ferrari decided that it was ready for its own enterprise. But even after the birth of Auto-avia Construzione, he could not produce a car under his own brand for another 4 years, which was a condition of the contract with Alfa-Romeo.

2. Emblem

The legendary horse, emblazoned on the Ferrari emblem, is a tribute to the first transport entrusted to the young Enzo. In the army, he oversaw the maintenance of regimental horses and wagons, repairing, feeding and shoeing.

Then, already speaking on the tracks as a full-fledged racer, Ferrari had a chance to meet the parents of Francesco Baracca. An aristocrat born into a family of counts, Baracchi became Italy's top fighter during World War I, with more than 30 downed enemies to his credit. The fuselage of his plane was decorated with a rearing black horse, which became a legend along with its owner.

During a memorable meeting at that competition, the Count and Countess of Baracchi offered the young Ferrari this emblem for his car, believing that it would bring him good luck. Enzo could not refuse such a gift, bringing from himself only a golden background - the color of his hometown of Modena.

This is one of the few car signs that has practically not changed its shape over the entire period of its existence.

3. Bad start

Ferrari had no education and technical training, but he had incredible charm, oratorical talent and energy that attracted outstanding people to him. The first to join his team was Vittorio Yano, a designer from Fiat, to whom the world owes the eminent winner of all European tracks. Alfa Romeo P2. Behind him, Enzo lured a very talented engineer, Jokino Colombo, from his previous employer, and Ferrari searched for pilots for his cars all over the world and personally approved them.

The first to leave the conveyor of the now own automaker was a car called the Ferrari-125 GT. And here, when his dreams finally began to materialize at the age of 40, Ferrari showed excessive impatience. The car was absolutely not ready to go out into the world, it was still necessary to conduct a lot of tests, bring it to mind technical part, but Ferrari has already declared it for the next race. As a result, the first car turned out to be broken already on the test run, and the second - a few meters after the start.

After another 2 years, on the next Ferrari-125 model, Russian pilot Igor Trubetskoy also loses the Monaco Grand Prix by crashing the car. And only in 1951, the Argentine racer was able to get the first victory for Ferrari in the British Grand Prix.

4. First victories

The very first achievements were obtained in minor local auto racing. This continued until the 50s, until Alberto Ascari joined the team.

The competition, called Formula 1, annually gained all high speed turning into a global event. And just two years in a row - 1952 and 1953 - Sc uderia Ferrari, piloted by Askari, wins an absolute victory.

After that, victories fell one after another, and the team was replenished with eminent racing drivers: Giuseppe Farina, Juan Manuel Fangio, Alain Prost, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Gilles Villeneuve.

And although the Ferrari team constantly had worthy competitors - Mazeratti, Porsche and the same Lamborgini - and they even managed to intercept the winning cups, Enzo Ferrari still remained the absolute leader of the races.

5 Ferrari tragedy

The company managed to avoid the banal problems of automakers: the economic crisis, the burning of demand, workers' strikes. But this does not mean that the history of the brand is not overshadowed by anything. Death followed on the heels of the Ferrari:

Formula 1 world champion Alberto Ascari died at the age of 36 during a test run;
at the age of 23, Dino's beloved son died of congenital muscular dystrophy;
Peter Collins in memory of Dino Ferrari won the French Grand Prix and gave the mourning bandage to Enzo, and the 27-year-old racer died while participating in the German Grand Prix;
rainy weather during testing of the car led to the death of promising 26-year-old Eugenio Castellotti;
almost immediately in the Mille Miglia race, they crashed into the crowd, died themselves and were responsible for the death of the spectators, 28-year-old Alfonso de Portago and his partner Ed Nelson;
even 29-year-old Mike Hawthorne, a British racing driver who left the Ferrari team, a month after his departure, crashed into ordinary road in a car accident;
Gilles Villeneuve, the father of two eminent Formula 1 drivers, at the age of 32 also fell victim to the exorbitant ambitions of Enzo Ferrari.

Although in the paddock, members of various teams gave the nickname "black coffins" to the cars of the Lotus team, according to harsh statistics, most riders died in Ferrari cars.

6. Lamborghini and Ferrari

Enzo Ferrari was spoken of as a quarrelsome person, a tyrant and a despot. But it was thanks to his temper that the world saw no less legendary models released by Lamborghini.

Ferruccio Lamborghini owned a small tractor factory. In the post-war period, agricultural machinery was in great demand, so the company quickly grew and made its owner a rich man.

According to the first, Ferrari's secretary simply did not let Lamborghini in, saying that the owner had no time to waste time on the first comer. The second version says that Enzo nevertheless received a visitor, who was rudely ordered to deal with tractors and not climb into the automotive world.

Whatever happened in reality, but Lamborghini got angry in earnest. To spite Ferrari, he decided to assemble a strong team and develop his own sports car, faster and more advanced than the competitor.

Excellent education and many years of experience played into the hands of an angry Italian. He dismantled the Ferrari model he purchased for parts, and helped to understand the principle and create an improved version of the Lamborghini the best specialists in their area, partly poached from Ferrari. Due to his arrogance, Enzo often undeservedly insulted his people, so qualified engineers and designers left the company without remorse. It was they - designer Franco Scaglione, engine designer Giotto Bizzarini and engineer Lucciano Bonacini - who formed the core of Ferruccio Lamborghini's team and his new Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini, located just 15 kilometers from his opponent.

It is worth paying tribute to Lamborghini - from the very first attempt he created a really good Lamborghini car 350 GT. It is difficult to say whether Enzo Ferrari noticed the success of his colleague, but for more than half a century the models of the two auto giants continue to compete fiercely with each other.

And by the way, now Ferrari does not hesitate to produce tractors.

7. Ferrari in cinema

It's amazing that so iconic cars Rarely seen in films. Perhaps this is due to Enzo's initial attitude towards his creations, which he loved much more than people. And, perhaps, with the fact that Ferrari, in principle, never advertised its cars.

How many films can boast that they got themselves the most recognizable car peace?

The second part of "Charlie's Angels" impresses with a beautiful shot when Demi Moore in a bikini drives a two-seater Ferrari Enzo supercar, designed in memory of the founding father of the company;
In the film version of Gone in 60 Seconds, Nicolas Cage quite successfully kidnaps the fastest and powerful car 1987-1989 worth under $2 million - Ferrari F40;
In the 80s, the Ferrari 308 GTS was most often involved in filming, which, perhaps, can be explained by its low price. So, she appeared in Vacation with Chevy Chase and Cannonball with Burt Reynolds;
But for the mega-popular Beverly Hills Cop, Eddie Murphy lent his own Ferrari 328 GTS. On another model, Murphy had a chance to ride during the filming of the 2011 film How to Steal a Skyscraper. Numerous responses to the film confirm that the excellent acting certainly outshines the Ferrari 250 GT Lusso;
How not to recall the phenomenal success of the series “Miami Vice. Department of Morals”, on the basis of which a special subculture was born. Film critics are still sure that if not for the soundtrack and used cars, the series would have turned out completely different. True, in the first seasons there was a small conflict with representatives of Ferrari due to the fact that instead of the original, they took the Daytona Spider, based on the Chevrolet Corvette, for filming. Therefore, a real Ferrari Testarossa was provided for the third season.

8. Ferrari and Ford

Not only did Lamborghini piss off Ferrari, but so did Henry Ford. An American entrepreneur saw the potential of a booming Italian company and decided to acquire it. He negotiated with Enzo, collected a sufficient amount of money when Ferrari stunned him with a refusal. It turns out he didn't agree with Ford on the issue of car racing, which for Enzo was above all else.

And then history repeated itself. Ford directed all his efforts to create a unique sports car that would wipe the nose of a Ferrari. It was the legendary 4-time winner of the Le Mans GT40 race, which became the founders of all American sports cars.

9. Ferrari and the Vatican

Rolled off the assembly line in 2004 latest model Enzo, which was donated to the Vatican. This fact seems surprising because the Catholic Church more than once reproached Enzo Ferrari for the useless deaths of his racers. Moreover, the Pope even called him Saturn devouring his children. As if trying to piss him off, Enzo responded by either giving the steering wheel from Schumacher's car or sending checks to charity.

Nevertheless, the donated car went to a good cause: Pope Benedict sold it at auction, and the proceeds were sent to help those affected by the tsunami in Indonesia in 2004.

10. The most expensive

Ferrari managed to make a brand with the prefix "the best". Everything that has Ferrari logo, automatically becomes prohibitively expensive. So, the 250GTO model was sold for 15 million dollars, the anniversary F40 model is still the most expensive one sold in the UK - 193.3 thousand pounds sterling, a simple advertising brochure for the 250LM model went for a record amount of a thousand pounds sterling, and only the engine for 599GTB Fiorano costs 70 thousand dollars.

Video about Ferrari cars:

Ferrari (Ferrari) is an Italian company engaged in the production of racing cars and luxury cars. The history of the company began thanks to the racer, designer and inventor of Alfa Romeo cars Enzo Ferrari in 1929. Initially, the company was engaged exclusively in the production of a variety of technical equipment for cars, and only a few years later, in 1946, the first car bearing the name "Ferrari" appeared. The well-known Ferrari logo - a rearing horse against a yellow background - first appeared in print publications and official documents in the same year as the company itself (1929). For many years of its history, the company has repeatedly participated in various races. In Formula 1 racing, Ferrari is the favorite. The traditional color for cars of this brand is red, but models of other colors are also produced.

Factory "Ferrari" in Italy located in the small town of Moranello. Approximately 15 thousand people live in the city, and undoubtedly each of them is related to the powerful and global production of automobiles. The city of Moranello gained its fame precisely thanks to Ferrari, as their production and headquarters are located here. Moranello has been the home of the Ferrari factory since day one. The city is also home to the Ferrari Gallery, a museum that displays cars and trophies. Not far from the city is the place Fiorano Modenese, through which the Fiorana track passes, where Ferrari test drives are held.

The factory itself is located not far from the museum, where visitors can see with their own eyes the accuracy and care with which each car is made, visit the test site, where the engine power is tested and horsepower cars. will appeal not only to owners and car lovers, but also to people who are far from all this. After visiting Ferrari plant in Italy you will have plenty positive impressions. The tour package includes: driving a Ferrari (if you have driver license), a visit to the museum (cost 13 euros), a visit to the factory itself (9 euros). In total for tour of the Ferrari factory it will take you from 22 euros. Plus, you can individually select any Ferrari rental car and feel all its power on the track.

Approximate prices for car rental:

10 min. (≈ 8 km) - 80 euros;
20 min (≈ 16 km) - 130 euros;
30 min (≈ 32 km) - 180 euros;
1 hour (≈64 km) - 320 euros.

It must be remembered that car rental is available with a driver's license.

Cars manufactured by Ferrari.

releases a lot every year luxury cars of this brand, which is simply impossible not to admire. Many people dream of having a bright red Ferrari stallion at their disposal, but, unfortunately, not everyone can afford to purchase such a luxury.

Legendary Ferrari 458 Italy, price which is more than 12,000,000 rubles, was first presented in 2009 at Frankfurt Motor Show. The lineup this car claimed as 2011, although production and sale of the Ferrari 458 Italia started as early as 2010. At the beginning of September 2010, 1,200 models had already been sold Ferrari 458 Italy price about 163,000 euros. This car is rightfully considered the fastest of the Ferraris. The stallion can pick up speed up to 325 km / h, and its acceleration to 100 km / h takes only 3.4 seconds. And Michael Schumacher himself participated in its development, who was engaged in fine-tuning the modernized aluminum chassis. It is not surprising that this car received the most flattering reviews from the press.

If you can’t visit the Ferrari factory and see the Ferrari 458 Italy with your own eyes, then you can admire it on your TV screens. This car took part in the filming of the movie "Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon".