"Ferrari" (Ferrari), Italian company specializing in the production of racing and luxury cars. Since 1989 is subsidiary FIAT concern. The headquarters is in Maranello.
Company ( original title it was Auto Avio Costruzioni) was founded in 1939 by the famous racing driver and test car "Alfa Romeo" Enzo Ferrari. She originally produced various equipment for cars. The cars made by the company were produced under the Alfa Romeo brand. Ferrari had an agreement with this company. The first car bearing the actual name "Ferrari" appeared in 1946. It was the Ferrari 125 model, with a powerful 12-cylinder aluminum engine, designed to realize the dream of its creator: to give an ordinary road car racing properties without compromising comfort. As trademark firm Enzo Ferrari chose a galloping stallion on a yellow background.
By the end of 1947, there were already two modifications of the Ferrari engine, and its displacement increased from the 166 model to 1995 cm3. The following year, Ferrari's own team won the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio races for the first time. 1949 brought the team a new triumph in the same competitions, and a little later a victory in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.
In 1951, the landmark 340 America appears with an engine originally developed for the Ferrari GT with a displacement of 4.1 liters. In 1953, the same car is equipped with a 4.5-liter engine and receives a new name - 375 America. In the same year, Ferrari introduces the 250 Europa, with a three-liter engine.
In total, by the beginning of 1954, Enzo Ferrari produced about 200 of his cars in an exclusive road version and 250 racing models. Creating their road cars, Ferrari turned to different design companies, making their models different from each other. But the 1954 250 GT model marked the beginning of a long-term and fruitful cooperation with the Pininfarina company, which perfectly adjusted its bodies to the new short-wheelbase chassis, in which the leading rear axle was suspended on springs.
Already the 250 GT model was released not only as a coupe, but also as a convertible, and the custom-made 250GT California, which appeared in 1959, is a vivid example of the open 250 GT model. sports type. In 1958, Pininfarina created specially angular bodies for the 250 GT: these cars, equipped with a 12-cylinder engine, even outwardly gave the impression of enormous power, perfectly obedient to any desires of their owners.
The 375 America and its successor in 1956, the 410 Super America (of which only 14 were produced) were intended for " the mighty of the world this": their design evoked a sense of strength and self-confidence.
From 1957 to 1962, a modified Ferrari 250 GT California was produced with a predatory pointed profile and a removable roof. This car won its first victory in the 1960 Tourist Trophy at Goodwood Circuit.
Ferrari owns the most memorable cars of the 60s of this century: the 250GT in 1960 was transformed into a fastback 250GTE with a 2 + 2 body, elegant and popular, from which the 330GT 2 + 2 was created in 1964 with a four-liter engine and original "squinting" headlights. The feminine, elegant, impetuous Berlinetta Lusso of 1962, which develops speeds of over 225 km / h, remained unsurpassed. The 330GT "2+2" was replaced in 1967 by the 365GT "2+2" with self-balancing rear suspension and power steering. In 1971, it was replaced by the stricter zeitgeist 365GT4.
In 1966, the firm developed a new V-twin engine, originating from racing engines: 12-cylinder, four-cam, with two camshafts in each cylinder head, a dry sump lubrication system, providing high torque and flexibility, which had a power of 300 hp. With.
In 1968, Ferrari released the legendary Daytona, or 365GTB/4, with a front-mounted 4.4-liter V-12 engine producing 352 hp and reaching super speeds of 282 km/h. This model, outwardly restrained and functional, is the fastest car in the world and, of course, its advertising assessment as “the best in the world” is not so far from the truth.
In the early 1970s, the "Dino" model appeared, named after the deceased son of the Commendatore, with a centrally located FIAT-made V-shaped 6-cylinder engine; the model was also produced in an 8-cylinder version, but the 6-cylinder model is considered a classic. At one time "Dino" was actually a separate brand. The car "Dino-206GТ" has been produced since 1967 with a V6 engine (1987 cm3 180 hp at 8000 rpm; since 1969 - "246 GT" -2418 cm3, 195 hp at 7600 rpm) . Exactly the same, non-traditional for "Ferrari" motors were on the sports "Fiat Dino".
The 365GT4, or Berlinetta Boxer, from 1971 had many features racing cars“Ferrari: its 4.4 liter engine could reach speeds of 275 km/h; it was located horizontally in the middle of the body, and the gearbox for more rational use of the internal volume of the body was located under the engine. The chassis also used the experience racing cars: Spatial tubular frame and steel body panels. Based on the Ferrari 308GT4, elegant models with Pininfarina bodies were made; equipped with V-shaped 8-cylinder engines, they attracted the attention of buyers until the early 80s.
By fitting a 512BB horizontal 12-cylinder Boxer racing engine to the Testarossa, the company has created a massive heavy machine that meets the most demanding requirements of both racing athletes and celebrity customers. The bright catchy design of Pininfarin carried the quintessence of an advertising spirit, and its creator achieved not only an external effect: ribbed side air inlets, which found many imitators, served to supply air to the side radiators, which replaced front radiator 512BB. Technical indicators the models were also impeccable: the five-liter Testarossa engine, with four valves per cylinder, reached 390 hp and its top speed was 274 km/h.
In 1987, the founder of the company, Enzo Ferrari himself, led the team of designers who prepared the F40 model, designated as "the sum of the efforts of the company over the years of its existence." The F40 traces its roots back to the 1984 GTO and, at first glance, has much in common with the Ferrari 308GTB, but has significant technical innovations: turbocharging, a V-shaped 8-cylinder longitudinal (rather than transverse) engine, mounted on a tubular frame reinforced load-bearing Kevlar panels, super power 478 hp - everything suggests that only the configuration remained the same. The body of this supermodel is made of carbon fiber and Kevlar, and its cramped interior is quite consistent with the sports nature of the car: it does not even have a mechanism for adjusting the seats. Striking performance and no comfort is the motto of the 1118-kilogram Ferrari F40: the rigid suspension does not absorb road bumps, the steering wheel responded to every pothole, and the magnificent motor showed endless power. Demanding, uncontrollably energetic and attractive - this was the last brainchild of the founder of the company.
Cars of the Ferrari company, controlled by FIAT since 1969, and finally ceded to the corporation since 1989, have a reputation as the most expensive in the world. Each of them is a legend.
In the autumn of 1992, a high-performance rear-wheel drive sports coupe classic layout 456 GT/GTA. Designed by Pininfarina. GTA - March 1996 (Geneva). ASR, upgraded body, suspension and interior (4 seats) - March 1998, Geneva.
May 1994 saw the release of the F355, the sports car successor to the 348 GTB/GTS. The cheapest and most popular model of the company. Designed by Pininfarina. In the spring of 1995, Spider appeared - a convertible. Berlinetta - coupe, GTS - hardtop coupe, F1 - transmission control by type racing car mobile. End of Berlinetta/Targa production - summer 1997.
The 550 Maranello successor to the Testarossa/512 is based on the 456GT. Designed by Pininfarina. Debut - July 20, 1996.
The 360 Modena is the successor to the F355 Berlinetta. Designed by Pininfarina. The premiere took place in March 1999 in Geneva. Start of sales - summer 1999.
At the Paris Motor Show in September 2003, Italian company Ferrari plans to show the most powerful in Europe production car. This is about special model Enzo Ferrari. The appearance of a special model in honor of the famous designer is intended to remind automotive world about the advanced design school of Ferrari, which is convincingly confirmed by outstanding success in Formula 1. The two-seater sports car will be equipped with a 6-liter 12-cylinder engine with 650 hp. With. The acceleration time to 100 km / h is only 3.5 seconds, and the car can overcome one kilometer in 19 seconds. The maximum speed of the Enzo Ferrari is over 350 km/h. The design of the car was developed by the famous Pininfarina bodywork studio. The Enzo Ferrari model bears the features of Formula 1 cars - a streamlined body and a narrow cabin. Doors open up. All the most important control functions, including gear shifting, are placed on the steering wheel. The car is equipped with a 6-speed gearbox, gear changes are carried out using special keys on the steering wheel. It is assumed that only 349 Enzo Ferraris will be produced. The firm will offer them to its most loyal and well-known clients, of course, by prior request. The price of the car will be at least 500 thousand euros. Web site: Representation in Russia:
The Italian company Ferrari (Ferrari) specializes in the production of luxury and racing cars. In 1989, it became a subsidiary of the Fiat concern. The company is headquartered in Maranello. The history of the creation of the Ferrari car began in 1989 and continues to develop to this day.
Enzo Ferrari was a famous racing driver, he tested cars Alfa Romeo. By 1939, he managed to found the company Auto Avio Costruzioni, which was engaged in the production of equipment for cars. Cars were produced (according to the contract) under the Alfa Romeo brand.
The first model under the Ferrari brand was released in 1946. The logo began to depict a galloping stallion on a yellow background. The Ferrari 125 was the first comfortable racing car - Enzo was able to make a dream come true, because the 12-cylinder engine, made of aluminum, was very powerful.
At the end of 1947, Ferrari already had 2 types of engine, and the displacement increased from 166 cm to 1995 cm. And in 1948, the Ferrari team managed to win the Targa Florio and Mille Miglia races. In 1949, the team won the same competitions and the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.
A new stage model appeared in 1951. It was the 340 America, whose engine was developed for the Ferrari GT (displacement - 4.1 liters). The same car in 1953 received the name 375 America when it was equipped with a 4.5 liter engine. In 1953, the 250 Europa was released (engine size - 3 liters).
In the history of the creation of the Ferrari car, it is said that at the beginning of 1954, Enzo Ferrari produced about 200 exclusive road cars and 250 racing car models. When creating road cars, Ferrari collaborated with different designers to ensure that the models were dissimilar. But with the creation of the 250 GT in 1954, a long-term fruitful cooperation began with the Pininfarina company, which perfectly adjusted its bodies to the short base chassis. At the chassis, the leading rear axle was suspended on springs.
The 250 GT was released as both a coupe and a convertible. And in 1959, the 250 GT California appeared, which was made to order. This is how the sporty open variant of the 250 GT came about. In 1958 Pininfarina created oddly shaped angular bodies for the 250 GT. These cars were equipped with powerful 12-cylinder engines, but at the same time were very docile and easily controlled by experienced drivers.
The 375 America was replaced in 1956 by the 410 Super America, of which only 14 were produced. Both models were designed for those who were confident in themselves and their abilities. This is what the design of the cars dictated.
In 1957-1962, a modified model of the Ferrari 250 GT California was produced. The profile of the car was predatory pointed, and the roof was removable. For the first time this car won in 1960 at the Godwood track in the Tourist Trophy race.
Ferrari owns brightest cars 60s: The 250 GT, which evolved in 1960 into the elegant and popular 250 GTE (2+2 fastback), which four years later became the 330 GT (2+2, 4.0-liter engine, original "mowing" headlights are the main features of this model). In 1962, the swift, but feminine and graceful Berlinetta Lusso was released, which reached speeds of over 225 km / h. In 1967, the 330 GT was replaced by the 365 GT (2+2 body, self-balancing rear suspension, power steering). It was replaced in 1971 by the 365 GT4 - more strict and timely.
In 1966, the company developed a new V-shaped engine, which originates from racing car engines: it has 12 cylinders, four cams, two camshafts in the cylinder heads, a dry-crater lubrication system. Such powerful engine(300 hp) provided good flexibility and high torque.
In 1968, the company released the legendary Daytona (365 GTB / 4), which developed a tremendous speed - 282 km / h. The car had a 4.4-liter V-shaped 12-cylinder engine (power - 352 hp), which was located in front. The model was very functional and discreet, it was even recognized as the best in the world, in addition, it is the fastest car.
The Dino model appeared in the early 1970s and was named after the deceased son of Commendatore. The Fiat engine of this model was located in the center. Models with V-shaped 6- and 8-cylinder engines were produced. For some time, the Dino model was a separate brand. Dino-206 GT was produced with a V-shaped 6-cylinder engine from 1967 (parameters: volume - 1987 cc, power - 180 hp at 8000 rpm), and 246 GT - from 1969 (parameters : volume - 2418 cc, power - 195 hp at 7600 rpm). These engines, which were also on the sports Fiat Dino, were unconventional for Ferrari.
The Berlinetta Boxer, or 365 GT4, was released in 1971 and looked a lot like Ferrari racing cars. It accelerated to 275 km / h, and the engine, horizontally located in the middle of the body, had a working volume of 4.4 liters. The gearbox was located under the engine (in order to optimally use the internal volume of the body). The chassis, as in racing cars, was represented by a spatial tubular frame and steel body panels. Based on the Ferrari 308 GT4, elegant models were produced, the bodies for which were made by Pininfarina. This model with V-shaped 8-cylinder engines was in demand until the early 80s.
When the Testarossa was fitted with a 12-cylinder horizontal Boxer model 512 BB (racing) engine, Ferrari was able to create a heavy, massive car that met the most stringent requirements not only of star customers, but also of racing athletes. Pininfarina created a bright, memorable design, elements of which were borrowed from other manufacturers. Also, for example, the 512 BB's front radiator was replaced with side radiators, which received air from side finned air inlets. Technical specifications of this model are also impeccable: the 5-liter Testarossa engine had four valves per cylinder, the power reached 390 hp. s., the maximum speed that this car could develop was 274 km / h.
Enzo Ferrari in 1987 became the head of the team of designers who prepared the F40 model. It was designated as "the sum of the efforts of the company over the years of its existence." The ancestor of the F40 was the 1984 GTO, and it shares many similarities with the Ferrari 308 GTB. But, of course, there are differences associated with technical innovations. This is evidenced by the appearance of a turbocharged, longitudinal (not transverse) V-shaped 8-cylinder engine, which was mounted on a tubular frame (which, in turn, was reinforced with Kevlar load-bearing panels), superpower of 478 hp. With. Thus, only the configuration has not changed. The Kevlar and carbon fiber bodywork and cramped cabin serve a sporting purpose: the car doesn't even have the ability to adjust the seats. The motto of the Ferrari F40 weighing 1118 kg is: "Amazing performance and no comfort." Rigid suspension, which does not absorb bumps in the road; a steering wheel that responds to all holes, a motor that demonstrates incredible power. latest model, which was released by the founder of the company, was very energetic and attractive, but at the same time demanding.
Ferrari cars are considered the most expensive in the world (whether they are models produced under the control of Fiat or independently). Each model is a legend.
In 1992 (autumn) in Paris, the 456 GT / GTA model was released - this is a high-performance sports coupe with rear wheel drive. Designed by Pininfarina. In March 1996, GTA was released in Geneva, and in 1998 - ASR with a modernized body, suspension and 4-seat interior.
May 1994 marked the release of the F355 sports car, which was the successor to the 348 GTB/GTS. This car has become the cheapest and popular model firms. Designed by Pininfarina. In the spring of 1995, they released the Spider convertible, the Berlinetta coupe, the GTS removable roof coupe, the F1 model with racing car-like controls. In the summer of 1997, production of the Berlinetta/Targa was discontinued.
On July 20, 1996, the 550 Maranello debuted. This model was the successor to the Testarossa/512 and was based on the 456 GT. Designed by Pininfarina.
The premiere of the 360 Modena took place in March 1999, and they began to sell them in the summer of that year. This model was the successor to the F355 Berlinetta. Designed by Pininfarina.
Model Ferrari Enzo (Enzo Ferrari) was released in 2003 - specifically in honor of the founder of the company, an outstanding designer, to remind the auto world of the Ferrari school. After all, the best proof of its quality is multiple convincing successes in Formula 1. sports model for two seats has a 12-cylinder 6-liter engine, power 650 hp. With. In just 3.5 seconds, the car accelerates to 100 km / h, and in 19 seconds it can drive 1 km. The car develops speed up to 350 km/h. The design of this model was developed by the famous Pininfarina bodywork studio. The Ferrari Enzo bears a resemblance to a Formula 1 race car, with a narrow cabin and a streamlined body. Doors open up. On the steering wheel are all the most important features control (including gear shifting - with special keys, 6-speed gearbox). The minimum price of this model is 500 thousand euros.
Probably every person who hears the word "racing" or "speed" in his subconscious mind imagines a car brand - Ferrari and will never attribute it to. This brand has always been and will always be an integral part of racing. Competitions that will take place without a Scuderia Ferrari car are simply impossible to even imagine. Yes, and the "king of racing" Michael Schumacher received great achievements due to the fact that most of the races were used by the Ferrari car.
The content of the article:
How it all began
The history of the emergence of Ferrari began in the distant past, or rather in 1900, when a little ten-year-old boy named Enzo Ferrari was brought (by his father and brother) to one of the auto racing competitions. This race immediately captured the young man's heart. Three years later, Enzo got behind the wheel of a car for the first time. His father taught his son pretty quickly. But after the start of the First World War, all the guy's dreams about participating in auto racing had to be abandoned. The young guy had to constantly work at the factory in order to earn his living. It wasn't easy, of course, but there was money. It is worth noting that the entire Enzo family never begged.At the end of the war, finding a job was not realistic. The country's economy was in a very bad state, the soldiers were returning from the front and could not get a job. However, Enzo was lucky in 1918, and he got a place to test in a fairly large car company at that time, Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali. And a year later, the debut of the Ferrari car in the Parma-Berceto race took place. Ferrari did not show any special achievements in these races, but it looked decent on the track. After two years at CMN, young Enzo took a first step that few understood. He moved to a little-known and young Alfa-Romeo team. Ferrari immediately realized that the cars produced by Alfa-Romeo were much more advanced than those he drove in the Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali. In addition, Alfa-Romeo itself understood its priority in the auto business, because sports competitions serve as the best advertisement for the company.
The Italian government in the 20s was well supported financially by local auto racing. The reason for this was the desire to open a national auto industry in Italy, and therefore the government generously invested in Fiat. Automakers, in turn, invested a lot of work in order to produce cars of the highest quality possible. And with victories in auto racing, get good advertising for the company.
Of course, there were victories, but not as often as expected. Enzo Ferrari was not a high-class racer. Ordinary average driver, who received victories occasionally due to luck and did not lead the championship in any way. And Ferrari himself did not particularly strive to become a famous racer. He was more interested in creating a personal racing team. Good success befell the young Enzo when he met the Baracchi family, after one of the victories. The Barakki family at that time was famous throughout the country. Their fame came to them thanks to the pilot Francesco. The fearless hero shot down many enemy planes during the war, and bravely died during one of the battles. The key point was that Francesco Baracca's plane was depicted as a black stallion. After this meeting, Enzo Ferrari will create the now famous Scuderia Ferrari logo - a black stallion on a background of yellow paint.
The crisis also reached Italy in the late 1920s. I especially felt it Automotive industry. Alfa-Romeo has even decided to give up racing for a while. Enzo's career is about to collapse. It was necessary to do something, to create our own team, which would cooperate with Alfa-Romeo as a partner, having the name Scuderia Ferrari. As a result, in 1929 the Scuderia Ferrari team opens its doors in the Italian town of Modena.
In order to create his own team, Enzo needed money. He borrowed them from his friends, who themselves were lovers of motor racing, and gladly gave him loans. To all this, Alfa-Romeo also helped Ferrari, because Scuderia Ferrari at that time was, as it were, an enterprise of the company. (Alfa-Romeo supplied Scuderia Ferrari with its chassis and some other parts).
As 1993 approaches, Alfa-Romeo announces to the world that the Scuderia Ferrari team is now its official representative racing. By this time the Ferrari team had good racing success (in the first of the seasons they won 8 races out of a possible 22). The best racing masters of Italy entered the team with great pleasure. Why? Because the young racer Enzo Ferrari offered them a new and improved payment system. In the earlier days, all racing drivers received a fixed wages, regardless of their place in the race. It turned out that the rider who came last will receive as much as the first one. In the Ferrari team, the entire salary depended on the prizes taken. This was significantly more than the salary of the other teams, and this is what attracted professional pilots to the team. It is worth noting the fact that the cars of the Ferrari team themselves were produced more perfectly than those of competitors. Thanks to the work of Enzo, who spent 16 hours a day at work.
Founding of Ferrari
And so collaborating for several years, Enzo Ferrari begins to understand that the team needs independence. And at the end of the 30s, a discord began between Enzo and Alfa-Romeo. As a result, the team managed to gain independence, but the production of cars was never established due to the onset of the Second World War. During the war, the Ferrari factory was moved from Modena to Maranello, where it had to produce military orders. Production lasted until the Allied army blew up the plant.At the end of the war, Ferrari finally begins its history. The company is no longer patronized by Alfa-Romeo, and has a well-known Commandante (director). This nickname was given to Enzo Ferrari by his team. Largely because he spent a lot of time at work, very rarely laughed and had good restraint.
In 1946, the first car designed by Enzo himself comes out from Ferrari. In addition, he also founded a second company, Auto Avia Construzione Ferrari, which was supposed to produce sports cars for the sales market. And already in 1947, the company released its first car with a black stallion. Sales were staggering for two reasons: the first reason is good reliable quality, and the second, people already knew about the brand by racing.
From that moment on, Ferrari factories began to produce sports cars that amazed everyone with their power and were assembled by hand. The company has preserved these traditions to this day and produces cars priced from 100 to 500 thousand dollars.
In the twentieth century, Ferrari is gaining great popularity among the class of cars participating in the "Formula 1". It was on this type of racing that Enzo Ferrari decided to focus. In 1952-1953, the famous driver Alberto Ascari brings the Scuderia Ferrari team two Formula 1 championship titles. Thanks to the fact that Ferraris are worth a full-fledged race track, the city of Maranello becomes the capital for motorsport enthusiasts. No other team has done this. At the same time, the Ferrari brand becomes one of the famous brands and real dignity of Italy.
tragedy
However, the history of the emergence of Ferrari is not as simple as it seems at first glance. Success came with tragedy. The pilot who brought the Scuderia Ferrari team two championship titles, Alberto Ascari, crashes in 1955 on a test in the city of Monza. This death was followed by the death of Enzo's only son, Dino Ferrari. This tragedy had a significant impact on the founder of Scuderia Ferrari. Working with the public, he began to appear more and more often in black glasses. Dino, held the position of a designer in the team, and almost completed his new project of the Ferrari-246 car. This model will leave the assembly line in 1958, and pilot Michael Hawthorne, having tested it, will become the winner of the World Championship. He dedicated the victory to Dino Ferrari. Following the championship, new tragedies will overtake. Drivers Phil Collins and Luigi Musso will crash on Ferrari-246 cars. In the mid-50s, Ferrari is ready to produce 200 in one year. ordinary cars for sale to the public and 250 racing. It should be noted that the company good reputation not only in Europe. Special orders were also delivered to the USA. The cars were GT class.
Company transformation into Joint-Stock Company happened in 1960. To this, Enzo added that Ferrari is now a people's company, and anyone can buy shares. A good event for the company occurred in 1969, when Gianni Agnelli from Fiat bought a 50% stake in Ferrari.
Ferrari has been a perennial favorite in every Frmula 1 racing season. Their struggle took place with well-known brands of cars, then with McLaren, then with Williams, then with Benetton. But the first place has always been occupied by Ferrari. One of the most famous and titled teams. In the 70s, the famous racer Gilles Villeneuve joins the team, he immediately starts with the elderly Enzo of his son. Enzo did his best to make Villeneuve win the title. He probably would have won if he had not crashed in 1982.
In the 60s, new problems were added to Ferrari. Worthy competitors began to appear on the auto racing tracks, which could take away a solid part of the market from the company. Among them were: Lotus, Lamborgini, Mazeratti and Porsche was a little cheaper. However, none of them achieved great success in racing, and the word "speed" was still reserved for the Ferrari car.
What happened besides racing?
Regarding the personal life of Enzo Ferrari. He was married to only one woman (who bore him Dino), but this did not prevent him from constantly having a mistress, Lina. After the death of his wife, he legalized relations with her. This Lina will even have time to give birth to Enz's son - Pierrot, who could not be the heir and lead the company, because he could not endure hard work.
At the age of 90, Enzo Ferrari dies in 1998. According to the will of Enzo, he left 50% of the shares of Ferrari, which belonged to him at that time, to Fiat.
Ignoring what Italians to this day believe Ferrari personal property. The founder was buried modestly, without any processions.
After the death of Enzo Ferrari, the company will be in a small crisis. Due to the fact that the Benetton team will start to lead in Formula 1 racing (after McLaren and Williams). After a while, Fiat will also start having problems, as a result of which it will go bankrupt (then the situation will normalize). Ignoring the number of cars sold in races, the company will regain its leading position thanks to the most professional racing driver in history - Michael Schumacher. A sale of cars Ferrari brands has always been and remains a luxury to this day.
Enzo Anselmo Ferrari (Enzo Anselmo Ferrari) was born under rather mysterious circumstances, since no one knows exactly when he was born into the world. Officially, the date of birth of Enzo Ferrari is February 20, 1898, although according to Enzo himself, he was born in Modena two days earlier, that is, on the 18th, the reason for this discrepancy is allegedly heavy snowfall, which did not allow parents to come to the city hall in time to register a newborn baby.
Ferrari's father in those days owned a workshop that repaired steam locomotives, which, by the way, also served as housing for the Ferrari family, since Enzo, with his parents and brother Alfredino, lived right above the repair shop. In the autobiographical book written by Ferrari - "My terrible joys" he writes that all his youth passed under the sound of hammers, under which he and his family woke up and fell asleep. It was there that Enzo met metal and learned to work with it, but despite this, young Enzo did not dream of a career as a locomotive master. He wanted a beautiful life, full of bright colors, which is probably why he saw himself as an operatic tenor, or some popular sports-oriented journalist. Regarding the first dream, Ferrari had to immediately say goodbye to it due to the complete lack of hearing and voice: Enzo's singing was loud, but very false. As for the second dream and self-realization, here the youngster was more fortunate, the most outstanding event in his journalistic career is the publication of a report on one football match, which was published in Italy's main sports publication. Perhaps this event pushed Enzo to the emergence and realization of his third dream - to become a car racer.
Felice Nazaro
For the first time, a little boy Ferrari saw racing cars at the age of 10 in Bologna, after which he was simply obsessed with them. High-speed fireballs and the recognition of the audience and the exciting smell of gasoline mixed with the taste of victory intoxicated Enzo and he really falls in love with motorsport, and his idols were: Felice Nazaro and Vincenzo Lancia. However, it was not easy for a boy from a simple Italian family, not distinguished by wealth, to realize such a dream.
Ferrari's father, although he shared his son's passion, still wanted a different fate for his child, he believed that Enzo was born to become an engineer. Enzo did not like to study, and why would a future racer need an academic education, by the way, very soon the young man will be relieved of boring science at school due to the death of his father from pneumonia and the death of his brother. At that time, the First World War was already in full swing, therefore, having reached draft age, Enzo Ferrari was drafted into the army, where he was destined to become a mountain shooter, which in the future was the first step towards his future glory and great career. The dream of a Ferrari soldier has been partially realized, since in the army he is instructed to monitor and care for transport: shoeing mules and maintaining regimental carts in proper condition. After demobilization, the young Ferrari already clearly knew what he would do in the future and that the main thing in his life was cars.
Having no education, with only one letter of recommendation signed by the unit commander, in the winter of 1918, Enzo Ferrari went to Turin to get a job at the FIAT plant. However, upon arrival at the place, the dream young man was broken after visiting the office of engineer Diego Soria, who was in charge of personnel issues at that time. The answer was, though polite, but very offensive to Ferrari. Diego said something like this: "FIAT is not a place for demobilization, we can't hire just anyone..."
Like abandoned dog Enzo went out into the street, where it was a cold winter, and sitting on a bench in Valentino Park, he felt lonely and useless. There was no one in this world who could support him and help with advice, his brother and father unfortunately left this world. However, young ex-soldier he had the strength to get together and find something for himself, he got a job as a test driver in Turin, after which he got a job in a similar position already in Milan, in no one unknown company CMN (Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali). Enzo Ferrari showed himself on a positive side, which allowed him to get rid of the prefix "test" in the title of his position, that is, he took the place of a full-fledged racer, which he dreamed of so much. Enzo Ferrari's sports debut took place in 1919 on the Parma-Berceto track, after which he managed to take his first, though not prize-winning, but still "honorable" 9th place at the Targa Florio. Ferrari himself recalls this as follows: “After my car on the tail with two more approached Campofelice, three carabinieri blocked the road. When asked what was the matter, they replied that we needed to wait until Mr. President finished his speech. Around the corner we could already see a mass of people listening to the speech of Vittorio Emmanuel Orlando, we tried in vain to protest, but the speech still did not end. presidential cortege, trailing him for miles. At the finish line, to our surprise, no one was waiting for us, all the spectators and timekeepers left for Palermo by the last train. The carabinieri, armed with an alarm clock, recorded the time, rounding it to the nearest minute! :-)".
Enzo in the Alfa Romeo team
In 1920, Ferrari leaves CMN for Alfa Romeo. The dream of becoming a real racer came true, but it was replaced by another, now Enzo dreamed of his team, consisting exclusively of Italian racers. Like all Enzo's dreams, this dream also came true and already in 1929 a new team appeared in Modena - "Scuderia Ferrari", which in Italian sounds like "Ferrari Stable". The stable is a tribute to the army "steeds" that the successful race car driver Enzo Ferrari once took care of.
The new team is still working under the tutelage of Alfa Romeo, and its founder himself is the "playing coach". The reason for the termination of Enzo Ferrari's racing career is, as he himself said, family circumstances, the racer got married and two years later became the father of his son Alfredo.
Ferrari participated in competitions until 1932 and 47 times went to the start, while winning 13 victories, based on statistics, Enzo can hardly be called a legendary racer with an outstanding track record. By by and large the racer's passion was not so much racing as the cars themselves, which Ferrari dreams of building himself. It was impossible to become a designer with an incomplete secondary education, but the lack of knowledge was compensated by oratorical skills and the ability to gather outstanding engineers around him. The first person to join Enzo Ferrari was FIAT designer Vittorio Yano, who created the world-famous racing model Alfa Romeo P2, which has repeatedly won prizes on European tracks.
The history of the famous Ferrari emblem is not fully known, like much of Enzo's life. The creator of the Stables himself said the following about this: “I borrowed the prancing stallion for the emblem of the Ferrari company from Francesco Baracca (the heroically deceased Italian pilot) on the fuselage of the fighter, which he was depicted in. After several years of the existence of the Scuderia, I happened to introduce the father of the deceased pilot - Enrico Baraccom.After some time I also met the mother of Francesco Baracca, and once talking with her, she asked me: do I have a car, and also why there is no memorable sign on it. then I was asked to decorate my car with a prancing stallion emblem.He will bring you good luck!-she said-and I agreed.
To be continued…
| Full title: | Ferrari S.p.A. |
| Other names: | |
| Existence: | from 1947 to the present day |
| Location: | Italy: Maranello |
| Founders: | |
| Products: | Racing cars and Supercars |
| The lineup: | Ferrari pinin Ferrari F1-2000 Ferrari F2012 |
Usually, when talking about Ferrari, the interlocutors mean by this name not only the brand of the company that produces expensive cars. The fact is that this name is also the personification of a real legend for many people and this legend was created by just one person. This man - Enzo Ferrari and his cars for almost 75 years have left far behind their strongest competitors, while invariably causing admiration and respect from all connoisseurs. automotive technology. Are you an owner expensive car and you can't sell it? The company "Tops Cars" is engaged in the purchase of premium class cars at fair prices.
And the legend began with the dream of one little boy, whom his father took with him many times to car races. It was then that our hero firmly decided to devote his whole life to motorsport. To make his decision a reality, after the end of the First World War, he goes to work for the CMN car company as a test racer. At that time he was 20 years old. He worked there for only two years, after which he decided to move to Alfa-Romeo. This company at that time was little known and small, but it created promising and interesting fireballs.
Enzo Ferrari made his dream come true by the rapid growth of the country's automotive industry that was emerging at that time. This gave him the opportunity in 1929 to create his own racing team in the city of Modena. It was called the Scuderia Ferrari and representatives of the Alfa-Romeo company, with which Enzo retained close ties, took an active part in its creation.
As an emblem for his company, Ferrari chose the image of a rearing horse, since in Italian the word Scuderia means "stable". At the same time, this, which later became world-wide famous emblem, was quite an interesting fate. The fact is that in 1923, Count Enrico Baracchi and his wife visited one of the competitions with the participation of a young Italian. They were the parents of the World War I ace Francesco Baracca, who died heroically according to Montello. His combat fighters were decorated with a rearing horse, and he was offered to take the father of the pilot Enzo Ferrari as a logo for his car. The countess, in turn, wished him good luck, and she was not mistaken, since she accompanied him all subsequent years. Enzo Ferrari himself, for his part, kept the photograph of Francesco presented to him all the time. He left his emblem practically unchanged, only adding the color of the city of Modena to it in the form of a golden background.
Since Ferrari cooperated with Alfa-Romeo for financial reasons, throughout the 30s Scuderia Ferrari worked as its representative. However, he still decided to create his own independent car production. The implementation of this idea was prevented by the outbreak of the Second World War at that time, since the campaign had to be reoriented to fulfill military orders. However, after the end of hostilities, the ambitious Italian returned to the implementation of his idea.
Thanks to his active work in 1946, the world saw the first completely original ferrari car 125. It differed from its competitors with an aluminum twelve-liter engine, which was a hybrid of road and racing specifications collected under one body. A year later, this engine was modified, and a separate company, Auto Avia Construzione Ferrari, was created to produce and sell exclusively sports cars.
In the future, Enzo Ferrari reaped the fruits of the success laid down in his younger years. The fact is that his fireballs began to win in a wide variety of competitions, which had a positive effect on the sale of his cars. Added to the popularity of his company and the opening of Formula 1 racing competitions in the 50s. Already in 1952 and 1953, the pilot of Scuderia Ferrari - the famous racer Alberto Ascari won the races of the "queen of motorsport". These victories make the Ferrari brand the most recognizable in the automotive world.
For 25 years, the company has produced about 250 racing cars, as well as about 200 road cars. general purpose. At the same time, Enzo Ferrari himself did not stop only at the direct production of cars, but also engaged in the construction of racing tracks, as well as engineering schools.
The success of Ferrari inspired other automakers who around the same time began to create their own car companies - Lotus, Lamborgini, Porsche, Mazeratti. They somewhat pushed Enzo's cars on the pedestal, but still the championship remained with Ferrari, while Ferrari himself never advertised his brand, creating it only based solely on the quality of his products.
However, luck was not always with Ferrari. So in the same 50s, Alberto Ascari crashed, bringing Scuderia Ferrari victories in Formula 1 and worldwide fame. After this, two more pilots of the team crashed, as well as a twenty-four-year-old son of Enzo- Dino Ferrari.
Enzo Ferrari himself entered the history of the world automotive industry in the rank of one of its kings. So during the years of his leadership, the Ferrari team won 25 World Cups, winning 5,000 races. The great Italian died at the age of 91 in 1988. After his death, Ferrari "took over" FIAT, which already had 50% of its shares by that time.
The company is still the most expensive car brand in the world, and its cars still win, for example, the great Michael Schumacher won the Formula 1 championship four years in a row on Ferrari cars from 2000 to 2004.
Of the latest cars produced by the company, one can note a model created by special order in honor of its founder and brilliant engineer called the Ferrari Enzo. Its birth in 2003 became a symbolic embodiment of the company's achievements for all 50 years of its work.
