Ust-Kamenogorsk is one of the few cities in Kazakhstan, and what is there in Kazakhstan, in the entire CIS, in which the tram fleet has been preserved and functions quite tolerably. Considering the not-quite-great ecological situation, electric transport is very useful in terms of reducing the load on the atmosphere. And it is convenient for passengers - trams do not stand in traffic jams. It's cold in them in winter. At least it was the last time I rode the tram many years ago.
But today we are not talking about that.
Each city has its own established traditions and norms, sometimes different from those enshrined in state documents. For example, in our city, all drivers stop when the tram opens the doors for boarding and disembarking passengers. And in Novosibirsk, during my studies (until 1993), the situation was somewhat different.
When we had to use the Novosibirsk trams, we were always surprised why they did not open the doors for a long time when they stopped. They just stand and stand, sometimes for minutes. But once we understood the reason for such a strange, in our Ust-Kamenogorsk opinion, behavior. The stopped tram immediately opened the doors and my friend and I stepped out of it forward onto the road. Simultaneously, jerk pulled us back by the collar. At that very moment, several cars roared past our eyes, almost knocking us down! The answer turned out to be simple - in Novosibirsk, drivers of vehicles did not stop and did not give way to passengers public transport(in those days, I don't know about now). In order to avoid accidents, tram drivers did not open the doors at stops while there was a danger of passengers getting under the wheels. Fortunately for us, seeing our reckless exit, the man standing behind grabbed both of them by the scruff of the neck and dragged them back just in time.
What is the situation on this moment? Let's remember how the rules sound now traffic in terms of pedestrian access to / from vehicle(in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan the same):
14.6 . The driver must yield path for pedestrians walking towards standing at the stopping place for the shuttle vehicle or from it (from the side of the doors), if boarding and disembarking are made from the carriageway or from the landing site located on it.
What are the nuances and what mistakes do drivers make, especially those who got their license a long time ago:
Sometimes there is an opinion left over from Soviet times that if there is a landing site, pedestrians can not give way. As you can see, this is a wrong opinion;
The driver must give way to pedestrians on their way to the pickup point. not yet stopped route vehicle. This is not the case, the driver must give way to pedestrians walking towards standing vehicle. However, from the point of view of road culture, when the tram is still approaching a stop, but pedestrians are already starting to move, it is better to give way to them. But if it didn’t work out, and they are trying to punish you, we read the letter of the rules verbatim. There is also a nuance here - from a formal point of view, if the vehicle (i.e., the tram) closed the doors and drove off, then passengers can no longer be let through. Do it or not - already at your discretion;
The most popular misconception is that the driver must wait until the vehicle will close the doors, only then start moving. This picture is often observed in the city, especially when there is a red traffic light ahead and the tram just stands, opening the doors and waiting for customers, and especially vigilant drivers stand with it. According to clause 14.6. waiting for the doors to close is optional. The correct understanding of the term "yield" is important here - "Give way (do not interfere)"- a requirement that a road user must not start, resume or continue driving, perform any maneuver, if this may force other road users who have an advantage over him to change direction or speed. Specifically, in our situation, if you drove in front of open doors, when no one went out or went to the vehicle, then you did not interfere with it, which means you did not violate traffic rules.
I want to note right away that I am not a lawyer, I can be mistaken, so if someone has a different interpretation of this paragraph of the rules, I am ready to discuss it with pleasure. Write in the comments.
In what cases it is necessary to give way to trams, and in which not.
Tramway always has an advantage over trackless transport except for three cases:
- when the tram moves to the arrow, included in the additional section at the same time as red or yellow signal traffic light. The tram in this case must give way to vehicles moving from other directions.
- when the tram approaches the intersection on a secondary road;
- when the tram leaves the depot and the tram tracks cross carriageway (clauses 18.1 and 13.6. SDA)
The first case refers to the passage of regulated intersections, the second case - to the passage of unregulated intersections. It should be noted that at an equivalent intersection, the “interference on the right” rule is valid only when passing with trackless vehicles. A tram can be at an equivalent intersection from either side, and in any case, you must give way to it.
When the traffic light signal at the intersection allows the movement of a tram and a trackless vehicle at the same time, and the trajectories of their movement intersect, then the tram has an advantage, regardless of the direction of its movement (clause 13.6 of the SDA). For example, if the direction is passing with you, the tram moves straight, and you need to turn left at the intersection, through the tram tracks - the tram has an advantage. Or the tram turns right at the crossroads, and you need to go straight across the tram tracks - in this situation, the tram also has an advantage. Tram on controlled intersection always goes first, except when he moves to the arrow in the additional section of the traffic light, which is turned on simultaneously with the red or yellow signal.
In Orsk, on all the main streets there are tram traffic. There are two exits from the depot: in the area of the stop. "St. Krasnaya" and the intersection of Chernysheva / Korolenko streets. Examples of passing through some intersections with tram traffic in Orsk.
Crossroads at the intersection of Lenin Ave. / st. Oil workers. At this intersection, when the tram moves from the stop. "Mag. "Luch" and turn left onto Neftchilar Street - cars driving straight along Lenina Avenue towards the stop give way to the tram. "Mag. "Ray". Also when the tram moves from the side of the stop. "DK Neftekhimikov" and turn right onto the street. Neftyanikov - cars driving straight along Lenin Ave. in the direction of the stop give way to the tram. "Mag. "Ray". The rule "interference on the right" does not apply to the tram. There is an arrow at this intersection. When the tram moves to the right along the arrow, it must yield to cars moving on the left along the street. Oil workers. But the st. Oil workers from the street. Novosibirsk is one-way, traffic is prohibited from there.
Crossroads at the intersection of Lenin Ave. / st. Kramatorsk. At this intersection, when the tram moves from the stop. "Pl. Komsomolskaya" and turn left onto Kramatorska Street - the tram gives way to cars driving straight along the street. Kramatorsk towards the street. Novosibirsk. Because there is a “Give way” sign before the turn. And when the tram turns right from the street. Kramatorsk on Lenin Avenue - cars driving straight along the street give way to the tram. Kramatorsk towards the street. Novosibirsk.
Crossroads on Gagarin Square. At this intersection, when the tram is moving from the side of the overpass and turning right into the Old Town, cars driving both towards the overpass and from the side of the overpass give way to the tram. The same is true when the tram moves from the Old Town to the right onto Builders Street and to the left onto the overpass. The rule "interference on the right" does not apply to the tram.
Crossroads at the intersection of St. Orskoye Highway / st. Elshanskaya. At this triple intersection, traffic is regulated by traffic lights, everything is clear. When a tram moves from the side of the CHPP to the traffic light, it must yield to cars moving to the left under the bridge to Soyuznaya Street. The tram has a “Give way” sign.
The tram is a full member of the road, along with cars, but it design features provide for the installation of special rails - tram tracks.
Tram rails can be located directly on the carriageway, delimiting lanes of oncoming traffic, or adjacent to the road or separated from the roadway by lawns and sidewalks.
Since tram rails usually become part of the road and run in a continuous line from one end point to another, motorists are forced to enter the tram tracks during various maneuvers. One of these maneuvers is a U-turn on the tram tracks.
Features of the movement on the tram tracks
According to the Rules of the Road, a motorist can use tram tracks to achieve their own goals only if the rails are located on the left side of the road, in the same direction as the car. Required condition– ways rail transport must be level with carriageway main road.
NOTE: If the tram tracks rise above the road or are significantly below its level, then this provision equates the rails to the dividing strip. In addition to the possibility of damage to machine parts, turning or turning through such a structure can result in a loss of license or a fine.
It is also prohibited to travel on tram tracks if the tram rails are located along right side from the direction of the car, since in this case the car will be on the opposite tram tracks, and this is a serious traffic violation punishable by the removal of a driver's license.
The nuances of movement, turn and turn on the tram tracks
Sometimes circumstances develop in such a way that an acute shortage of time provokes drivers to take risky maneuvers to make up for the shortage. Meanwhile, the rules of the road the current edition allow traffic on the tram tracks straight, if on highway a blockage has formed. Only some conditions must be observed:
- the actions of the motorist must not interfere with the movement of public rail transport;
- rail should be passing direction and be level or slightly below the road;
- you can drive if there are no signs in front of the intersection 5.15.1. "Direction of movement along the lanes" and 5.15.2. "Direction of movement along the lane";
- if road markings (solid line or markings regulating the direction of movement along the lanes) do not interfere with the exit to the tram tracks.
NOTE: Movement along rail public transport tracks is only possible to get ahead, but not to overtake the passing traffic, since overtaking involves driving into the oncoming lane.
You can enter the oncoming lane only to avoid obstacles (traffic accidents, repair work etc.), when to pass trouble spot otherwise it is not possible.
Left turn
In accordance with clause 8.5 of the SDA, before making a left turn or U-turn, the driver must take the extreme left lane in advance, and if available on the left rail tracks passing direction - to start the maneuver from them. Naturally, the rails should not be significantly higher and lower than the road. Otherwise, they serve as a dividing line. Also there should be no signs 5.15.1. and 5.15.2.
It follows from this rule that if the driver starts a U-turn or a left turn not from the tram tracks, in the absence of reasons provided for by law, this will be an unconditional violation of traffic rules.
reversal
The rules do not contain a definition of the term "reversal". IN practical driving U-turn is the process of moving a vehicle to the opposite lane from the original lane: the motorist first drives in one direction, then turns around and heads to the other.
The rules for turning on public transport rails are identical to those for turning left:
- You should take the leftmost lane ( tram rails V this case), making sure that such a maneuver does not contradict the Rules of the Road: there are no signs regulating the direction of movement, road markings do not prohibit turning and turning, the railbed is on the same level with the road.
- Make sure that the maneuver is safe: there should be a free lane not only for the passing, but also for the oncoming tram. If the rail transport is in close proximity, it is better to postpone the maneuver and let the tram pass. You also need to pay attention to the distance from the moving on oncoming lane the carriageway of the car to the place of the planned U-turn.
NOTE: Both the turn to the left and the turn through the tram tracks imply the intersection of the rails of the opposite direction exclusively straight, i.e. perpendicular to the road. In the case when the driver, finishing the maneuver, travels for some time along the oncoming tram tracks, the traffic police inspector has the right to withdraw the driver's license.
Right turn
Turning right from the tram tracks is prohibited (driving into the lane intended for oncoming traffic is incriminated). Only from the extreme right lane of the highway.
U-turn at an intersection
In order to change the direction of traffic at an intersection, one should be guided by general rules to turn left and turn around. The only difference in the algorithm of maneuvers is the presence of traffic lights or the work of a traffic controller who separates traffic flows.
Based on clause 13.6 of the Rules of the Road, if the traffic light section is on in green or the traffic controller has built a combination that allows movement of all vehicles, including trams, then trackless vehicles will have priority over cars. Accordingly, before making a turn and a U-turn, the driver of the car is obliged to let the tram pass.
If the traffic light is equipped additional section, allowing turns, when the main signal is red or yellow, then in this case the driver must pass the wheeled transport, regardless of the direction of its movement.
On the video about the rules for turning on the tram tracks.
Penalties for violations of the rules of passage and turning on the tram tracks
As you know, ignorance of the law does not exempt from liability, as well as deliberate violation of the rules. With the exponential development of the system of photo and video recording of violations, it will no longer be possible to refer to the bias of law enforcement officers. And with the adoption of the latest amendments, the amount of fines is determined by quite impressive amounts:
- Interfering with the movement of public rail transport is punishable by a fine of 500 rubles.
- A fine of 5,000 rubles is provided for driving onto oncoming tram tracks, with the exception of avoiding an obstacle. It is also possible to withdraw driving license from 4 to 6 months. In case of repeated violation, the certificate will be withdrawn for 1 year. If the exit to the oncoming lane was recorded by automatic traffic recorders, then the deprivation of rights does not apply.
- Departure to oncoming tram tracks in order to avoid obstacles - a fine from 1000 to 1500 rubles.
- Breaking the rules road markings when turning and turning - from 1000 to 1500 rubles.
Studying all the nuances of movement and making maneuvers on tram tracks will help not only to avoid financial losses: in some cases theoretical knowledge, used in practice, can significantly reduce the time spent in a traffic jam.
Now imagine that you are going to ride a tram. The sign that denotes tram station, you already know. On the way to the bus stop, you must observe the Traffic Laws .
But the tram stop itself is different from the bus stop. You remember, of course, that bus stop landing and disembarkation occurs from the sidewalk and onto the sidewalk.
The tram stop looks different. The fact is that tram rails usually run in the middle of the road. This means that it is impossible to get on the tram from the sidewalk.
There are two types of tram stops. One of them has a landing platform, which is raised above the roadway and separated from it by a fence.
Other types of tram stops do not have raised platforms and are located on the sidewalk.
First, let's get acquainted with those cases when there is an elevated landing platform at the tram stop. How do you get to her?
Of course, you remember that you need to walk across the road, observing the Rules of the Road. If the pedestrian crossing is regulated by a traffic light, you must wait for the green signal. Only then can you go to the tram stop. It also happens that you are standing on the sidewalk, and a tram is coming to a stop. You want to quickly run to him, but do not rush! If the traffic light is red, you should never go! After all, for cars driving on the road at this time, the green light is on and you can be in their way.
If the pedestrian crossing is not regulated, you can go through it only if you are sure that the cars are far away and you are safe.
So, you crossed the street and ended up at the tram stop. And although it is specially raised above the roadway for the safety and convenience of passengers, it is still a dangerous place. On the one hand, there is a roadway, along which cars drive. On the other hand, the rails along which the tram moves. The site itself is not wide, and if you behave carelessly, you can end up in dangerous situation. You need to be especially careful if the site is not fenced. In no case should you run, push and play on it.
When waiting for a tram on an elevated landing, do not stand close to the rails or to the carriageway of the street.
If the tram you need has approached the stop, wait until it opens the doors, but stand on the side so as not to interfere with passengers getting out of it.
Rules of conduct for tram passengers
When you were in the tram, you became a passenger. You must behave in accordance with certain rules.
Do not interfere with the opening and closing of doors. They are driven by a tram driver. In no case should you try to open the tram doors yourself. This is very dangerous for you and other passengers and can damage the doors themselves. Do not lean against the doors - for some reason they can open on the go, and you can fall out.
Very dangerous place in the tram is the articulation of the wagons in the center of the cabin. Here are located special devices allowing the tram to turn.
Don't lean on them! And never stick your hands or feet into the spaces behind the fences! When turning, they can pinch! You run the risk of serious injury or even death!
Other rules of conduct in the tram are familiar to you from the rules of conduct in a bus or trolleybus.
When you get off the tram, you become a pedestrian again. First of all, try to move away from the doors so as not to interfere with other passengers getting out. But do not rush to run across the road to the sidewalk.
First determine where you are. If you get off the tram onto an elevated platform next to which there is an adjustable pedestrian crossing, then you can only go to the sidewalk when the traffic light is green! Be careful - there is a carriageway in front of you, and tram tracks behind you. That is, you are between the cars and the tram. If you need to cross to the opposite side, also wait for the green traffic light.
If the tram stop is located next to an unregulated pedestrian crossing, then go to the sidewalk only when you are sure that there are no cars driving to your right.
If you need to cross to the opposite side of the street, be sure to miss the tram you came on. If, nevertheless, you began to cross the road, be sure to remember:
A standing tram should only be bypassed from the front!
In this case, you will be able to see if a tram or other vehicles are approaching the crossing from the right. After all, if you go around the tram from behind, you will not see them and you can suddenly go out onto the road in front of cars or an oncoming tram.
In cases where a tram stop does not have an elevated landing area, one must behave differently. In this case, you can only wait for the tram on the sidewalk! You can not stand on the curb, and even more so on the carriageway! You can board the tram only when the tram has completely stopped.
But before you go out on the road, make sure that cars let you pass. At the same time, you should know that drivers are obliged to let pedestrians through only when they go to the tram from the side of the doors.
And one more rule: as long as the tram does not stop, the cars have the right to go! Drivers are not required to give way to pedestrians. So it's better not to rush to the tram if the cars continue to move. It is better to be late for the tram than to be under the wheels of a car!
You must also be careful when leaving the tram at a stop that does not have an elevated landing platform. After all, as soon as the tram starts moving again, cars can also go. Therefore, you can not linger on the carriageway! But before you go to the sidewalk, look around carefully and make sure that the cars are ready to let you through.
You also need to know what's on the road with tram tracks more danger than ordinary road with two-way traffic. Why? You know that when you cross the road, it is dangerous to stop in the middle - because you find yourself between cars that go both in front and behind. And when you cross a street with tram tracks, you can find yourself between cars moving in different directions. It's not safe, because tram cars wider than a tram track.
The tram in the traffic system is a special and special participant. This fact is indisputable, therefore, in the urban cycle, the central part of the road was allocated for the movement of a rail vehicle until a certain historical moment.
This confirms the special status of the tram, which was given to it back in Soviet time. After all, the "rail" was considered a kind of apogee of public transport. It was thought by many that it would be impossible to come up with anything else in the field of passenger transportation.
Who could have guessed during the years of the Soviet five-year plans that from the “dashing nineties” he would start to get lucky with Gorkovsky car factory and his "gazelle" line?
But the tram legacy Soviet era in our cities is still making itself felt. Here it arises serious problem relationship between an ordinary motorist and a tram.
When the middle of the road is given to the tram, the "mere mortal" carrier, turning left or moving around, is forced to cross the tram tracks located in the middle of the carriageway.
One note: it is in the middle, because in some of the "later" tram cities(that is, where tram traffic was organized in the second half of the 20th century) there is no such problem. Or she's not that sharp.
Turning right or left, we are forced to cross such "side" tram tracks. But what to do with those who occupy central part roads?
Let's figure it out. What’s more, it doesn’t take much time.
How to cross tram tracks when turning left and making a U-turn
The main question is not whether it is possible for us - "orphans and the poor" - to cross the tram tracks. Of course you can. You have to move. But what is the method of their intersection? There can only be two ways here:
1) with preliminary rebuilding on tram tracks passing direction and subsequent turn to the left (or U-turn);
2), that is, a left turn (or U-turn) is carried out directly from “your” lane.
How to make a right turn to the left and a U-turn in the presence of tram tracks in the same direction
Actually designated by us " main question” is solved elementarily, because they contain a direct indication of the resolution of such a situation. This is point 8.5. Let's quote him:
“If there are tram tracks on the left in the same direction, located on the same level with the carriageway, a left turn and a U-turn must be performed from them, unless signs 5.15.1 or 5.15.2 or marking 1.18 prescribe a different order of movement. In this case, no interference with the tram should be created.
If you translate from legal into Russian, then it looks like this: when turning left and turning onto the tram tracks located on the left, you can leave (more precisely, you need to!), And you can’t.
Another dilemma? Nothing like this. The rules unambiguously interpret the situation and regulate our actions. If the tram tracks are located:
- first, to our left;
- secondly, in the same plane with our carriageway;
- thirdly, these are tram tracks of exactly the same direction;
That the right option turning left or turning around for us will be a preliminary exit to the tram tracks of the passing direction (with the subsequent crossing of the tram tracks of the opposite direction at an angle of 90 degrees).
Naturally, at the same time, we should not interfere with the tram by our actions. Roughly speaking, when approaching the place of a turn to the left or a U-turn, we will have to let the passing tram pass and only after that change lanes in order to subsequently (having missed the oncoming tram) successfully complete the planned maneuver. Hope it didn't make it harder!
These are our actions in the so-called "pure" form. But there is another scenario.
It's no secret that traffic rules provide for installation and markings. Among them there is a large and diverse family of "brothers"-signs (5.15.1 and 5.15.2) and one "sister"-marking (1.18).
And now they are just making serious adjustments to our actions.
If they are present on the roadway, the driver must refrain from entering the tram tracks of the same direction. The methodology of our actions here is prescribed by signs and / or markings. Roughly speaking, what the signs and markings show, then we do - without leaving the tram tracks.
It would be interesting to ask the question: “Why?”.
When there are no signs and markings, the driver must determine his position on the roadway on his own (in accordance with paragraph 9.1 of the SDA). Therefore, in such conditions, the driver is not forbidden to take the extreme left position, even if it will be located on the tram tracks.
In the presence of signs and markings, the number of lanes has already been agreed, the directions of movement of them are regulated. Therefore, the driver cannot violate the already established traffic order by his actions.
As it turns out, everything is as simple and clear as possible!
Instead of a conclusion
That, in fact, is all. To make it easier to remember the correctness of actions in this situation, we derive a universal formula: when turning left or making a U-turn, we always first go to the tram tracks of the passing direction (missing the tram). And if there are signs and markings, then we turn only along their arrows (as they show).
Have an accident-free ride, good traffic cop and "green street"!
P.S.: We did not consider the motivation of the creators of the Rules when they regulated our actions in such driving situations. Take our word for it: this is done to ensure our maximum safety!
Video - a left turn must be made from the tram tracks:
However, if there is an inquisitive mind among readers, a megamind, write, we will also consider this very simple question.
Video - examples of the right and wrong turn to the left in the presence of tram tracks in the same direction:
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