KamAZ is a Soviet-Russian automobile manufacturer founded in 1976. Initially, it specialized in the production of trucks with a carrying capacity of 8 to 20 tons. The first truck to roll off the assembly line was KamAZ 5320. The KamAZ engine was also developed from scratch specifically for this truck. The best foreign representatives were taken as its basis.

This is interesting!
The correct spelling is not KAMAZ, but KamAZ, which stands for Kamsky (Kam) car factory(AZ). Since the KamAZ 740 engine has become the main one for this model, the basis of the article will be given to this particular brand of engine.

Note!

There were many options for the KamAZ 740 engine. They differ primarily in Euro standards.

The name of such motors is approximately the following: "Engine KamAZ 740-210 (260)". It’s not very easy to remember the numbers, so people can often hear such a name as “KamAZ Euro 2 (3.4) engine”.

Since there can be several engines on KamAZ of one European standard, then in tables with technical specifications factory name will be shown.

General characteristics of the KamAZ 740 engine series

The first engine of this family is considered to be a simple KamAZ 740 V8 engine.

This is interesting!

In the designations of engines in the future you can meet various designations engine types. So, the English letter V means a V-shaped engine. This means that the cylinders are arranged in two rows and the angle between the rows is less than 90 degrees.

In an L-shaped engine, the cylinders are also arranged in 2 rows, but at an angle of approximately 90 degrees. English letter R in the title indicates that the motor is in-line. That is, the cylinders are located side by side. Powerful eight-cylinder engines often have a V-shaped structure, while conventional engines passenger car- R-shaped.

Initially, the KamAZ 740 engine had 10,852 cm3, with a power of 210 Horse power. Only later did later modifications come out, which had a power range from 180 to 360 horsepower.

For trucks, the use of diesel fuel (nar. - solarium) in the engine was far from new. This is fully justified by lower fuel consumption, improved lubrication and increased power, however, for a novice driver, familiarity with motors of this type will be new.

• First, it is a significantly increased compression ratio. So, on a VAZ 2107 car, the compression ratio is 8 units, and on this diesel engine as many as 17!
• This is also the absence of spark plugs, which is also at least unusual. Blend in diesel engines ignites from high pressure. We remember school physics. There are 3 interrelated parameters. Temperature, pressure and volume. So, with a decrease in volume, a sharp increase in pressure and temperature occurs. Based on this law, a diesel engine works.

Engine KAMAZ 740

What advantages does it have over similar engines of other brands, both domestic and foreign:

• The design of the KamAZ engine allows you to make it smaller than many domestic analogues and more reliable than foreign ones. It's kind of " golden mean» between large, gluttonous, low-powered and reliable motors Soviet / Russian production and powerful, economical (in terms of a liter of fuel per horsepower), but not so reliable and hardy.
• The advantages of the engine can also be considered a fairly easy start in the cold season, since these KamAZ engines are equipped with a very powerful battery and starter, which are complemented by a cold engine warm-up system.

Technical characteristics of Euro class motors

• MOTOR KAMAZ EURO 0

The KamAZ Euro 0 engine is considered the very first engine of the family. The most famous motor of the 740 series. It is good and reliable. But its problem is the inconsistency with the latest European standards.

Table KAMAZ engine Euro 0

engine model	740-210	740-260
Engine power, kW (hp)	154(210)	191(260)
	2600	2600
	667(68)	765(80)
	8, V-shaped	8, V-shaped
	120/120	120/120
Engine capacity, l	10.85	10.85
Compression ratio of the fuel mixture	17	16.5
The order of operation of the cylinders	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Direction of rotation of the crankshaft according to GOST 22836-77	right	right
Complete engine weight (gross) according to GOST 14846-81, kg	750	780
	26	28
	18	18
High pressure fuel pump model	33 YAZDA	334
Engine nozzle	271	271
	21,3-22,3	22,95-23,73 (234-242)

• ABOUT THE KAMAZ EURO 2 ENGINE

More modern and modified Euro 2 KAMAZ engines. The first KamAZ 740 engine is inferior to the Euro 2 engine, first of all, by the modern design of components and assemblies, as well as other European requirements.

A total of 4 Euro 2 class motor models have been produced. All of them, together with detailed technical specifications, are presented in the tables below.

Table Engine KAMAZ Euro 2. Part 1

engine model	740.31-240	740.30-260
Power, kW (hp)	176(240)	191(260)
Rotation frequency crankshaft	2200	2200
Maximum torque, Nm (kGm)	980(100)	1078(110)
Number and arrangement of cylinders	8, V-shaped	8, V-shaped
Cylinder diameter / piston stroke, mm	120/120	120/120
Engine capacity, l	10.85	10.85
	16	16.5
The order of operation of the cylinders	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Direction of rotation according to GOST 22836-77	right	right
Complete motor weight (gross) according to GOST 14846-81, kg	760	885
Filling capacity of the lubrication system, l	26	28
Cooling system capacity (motor only), l	18	18
High pressure fuel pump model	337-20 YAZDA	337-71 YAZDA
Engine nozzle	273-51	273-51
Injection start pressure, MPa	21,3-22,5	21,4-22,4

Table Engine KAMAZ euro 2. Part 2

engine model	740.51-320	740.50-360
Engine power, kW (hp)	235(320)	265(360)
The frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, min -1	2200	2200
Maximum torque, Nm (kGm)	1020(104))	1147(117)
Number and arrangement of cylinders	8, V-shaped	8, V-shaped
Cylinder diameter / piston stroke, mm	120/130	120/130
Engine displacement, l	11.76	11.76
Degree of compression of the combustion chamber	16.5	16.5
The order of operation of the cylinders	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Direction of rotation of the crankshaft according to GOST 22836-77	right	right
Complete motor weight (gross) in accordance with GOST 14846-81, kg	885	885
Filling capacity of the lubrication system, l	28	28
Cooling capacity (only motor), l	18	18
High pressure fuel pump model	33720-03 YAZDA	33720-04 YAZDA
Engine nozzle	27350	27350
Injection start pressure, MPa	23,34-24,52	23,34-24,54

• MOTOR KAMAZ EURO 3

KamAZ Euro 3 engines are basically a transitional link from Euro 2 and Euro 4 engines, so in the article they detailed characteristics will not be.

• MOTOR KAMAZ EURO 4

Table Engine KAMAZ Euro 4

engine model	740.70-280	740.71-320	740.72-360	740.73-400	740.74-420	740.75-440
Location and number of cylinders in the motor	V-8
Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm	120×130
Working volume of the engine, l	11.76
Degree of compression of the combustion chamber	16.8
Maximum useful motor power according to UNECE Regulation No. 85-00, rated net power according to GOST 14846-81, l. s., not less	280	320	360	400	420	440
Rated speed crankshaft, min -1	1900
Maximum useful torque motor torque according to UNECE Rules No. 85-00, maximum torque net according to GOST 14846-81, kgf*m, not less than	1177	1373	1570	1766	1864	2060
crankshaft speed, corresponding to the maximum torque, min -1	1300 +/- 50
Minimum specific consumption fuel, g / (hp * h)	194.5
Oil consumption for waste in the mode rated power, in % of fuel consumption	0.06
Weight without lubrication engine in the delivery set, kg	870
Dimensions: Length x Width x Height, mm	1260x930x1045

• CUMMINS (KAMENS) ENGINE KAMAZ

Kamens engines are foreign engines installed on KamAZ trucks of our production. In terms of power characteristics, they are equal to the Russian 740, not inferior to the latter in either reliability or power.

The principle of operation of the KamAZ 740 engine

This section will also be collective, since all engines of the 740 family have approximately the same principle of operation:

• The main part of the engine is the cylinder block, which is made as a single monoblock and is an assembly part, all the main engine parts are attached to it.
• Crankshaft located in the center, but with a significant downward shift. Under it is the crankcase, where oil is located during downtime. 26-28 l. This is the volume of the crankcase. We will consider the process of changing the oil below.
• The number of valves per cylinder is two. One inlet and one outlet. The rest is the same as other diesel engines.

Maintenance of engines of the KamAZ 740 family

The KamAZ 740 engine is diesel and, therefore, it is very difficult to repair it at home, but it is possible to do some small things. Such things are changing the coolant and oil.

Coolant replacement

The coolant should be changed every 3-5 years depending on the operating conditions. The need to replace the coolant is primarily indicated by the fact that the coolant itself has lost its original color and has become the color of dirty water.

Tosol-A40 type coolant is poured into the KamAZ 740 engine total volume 25 liters.

The coolant level must be constantly monitored. It is advisable to check this level at each start of the motor. This is done quite simply:

1. You just need to open a special tap on the expansion barrel. If the antifreeze began to flow, then the level is normal. Close the faucet and start the engine. If nothing has flowed from the tap, then you need to add coolant and, if nothing happens when topping up, you need to check the tap itself first, and then the entire cooling system, coolant leaks are possible.
2. In the event of a lack of coolant, the engine must not be started under any circumstances. Otherwise, not just antifreeze, but antifreeze with water will circulate in. This can lead to the destruction of the impeller and costly repairs in general.
3. If the liquid has flowed, but its condition leaves much to be desired, then it is necessary to replace it. To do this, drain the liquid from the lower radiator valve, the boiler and the heater pump unit, the cabin heater supply pipe.
4. After that, close all taps and fill the system with coolant.

Change of oil

Oil, like coolant, requires periodic replacement. The oil level is checked, as on all engines - with a special dipstick. The lubricant level should be near the “B” mark.

Excess, exactly, as well as a smaller amount of oil is not desirable. If there is too little oil in the engine, then the wear of all engine parts will increase dramatically, since they will work almost “dry”. An engine that does not have enough oil is better not to start in order to avoid serious damage. It is best to find and add oil.

If this is not possible, then reduce the load on it as much as possible. Remove excess cargo, unhook the trailer. If this is also not possible, then it is better to wait for help. Driving a loaded car with this oil level can lead to very serious consequences.

If the oil still needs to be changed:

• Warm up the engine to a temperature of 80-90 degrees Celsius;
• We turn off the engine;
• We unscrew the plug on the crankcase (photo below);
• We are waiting for the oil to completely pour out;
• We change the filter elements;
• Wash the rotor of the centrifugal oil filter;
• Pour oil through a special filler neck up to the “B” mark on the dipstick;
• We start the engine and let it run for Idling 5-10 min;
• We muffle, and after 5-10 minutes add oil to the “B” mark on the dipstick;
• After that, the oil change process can be considered completed.

Faults

If the motor does not start, see the table below:

Cause of malfunction	Remedy
No fuel in the tank	Fill in fuel tank and be sure to download fuel supply system.
Air in the system fuel supply	Repair the leak and then bleed the system.
Angle misalignment fuel injection advance	Adjust the lead angle.
Freezing of water in fuel pipes or on the grid fuel tank intake	Warm up gently fuel filters, tanks and pipes with rags moistened with steam or hot water, can not use open fire for heating

tuning

As mentioned above, this engine is diesel. Therefore, even regular maintenance must be carried out in special services.

About forcing the motor at home and out of the question. So, an increase in the working volume can affect the compression ratio, which, in turn, will make it impossible to further operate the engine.

The durability and reliability of the power unit of cars of the Kama Automobile Plant depends precisely on what kind of oil is poured into KAMAZ engines. They are known for their reliability, endurance, unpretentiousness and extended service life. And the lubrication system played a significant role in this. automobile motors. Depending on the brand of the unit and its design, various lubricants are used.

Present on the market today a large number of variety of brands and types of oils. And here is the main thing to do right choice, because the main performance indicators of the motor will depend on this. KAMAZ engine oil is selected in strict accordance with the engine specification. And each owner of a truck of this brand should decide which oil to fill in the KAMAZ engine, based on the manufacturer's recommendations. Oil for KAMAZ engines must be used in the CD group according to the division according to API or group D according to GOST 17479.1. KAMAZ engine oils are most often used in accordance with international classifications from SAE 15W-40, for all seasons of use, to SAE 5W-40 or 5W-30, for areas with cold climatic and severe operating conditions. KAMAZ engine oil for seasonal work or for maintenance in an area with temperate climate can be used with SAE 20W.

What oil is better to fill in a KAMAZ engine

One of the most commonly used oils diesel engines KAMAZ is considered KAMAZ SAE 15W40 API CI-4 / SL K10-40.50 oil. What kind of oil to pour into the KAMAZ engine is chosen in each case by the mechanics themselves who service the cars. Sometimes, KAMAZ engine oil is used KAMAZ SAE 15W40 API CI-4 / SL OPTIMUM KO15-40.50, which has improved characteristics. Oil for the KAMAZ 740 engine is selected based on the future operating conditions of the car, most often it is Lukoil-Super (SAE 15W-40, CE / SG) or Lukoil-Super (SAE 15W-40, CF-4 / SG). The brand of oil for the KAMAZ engine has a serious impact on the operation and performance of the motor. And on what kind of oil is poured into the KAMAZ engine, its durability and reliability depend. KAMAZ engine oil of the CES 20078, 20076 brand has improved friction indicators and contributes to less wear of rubbing parts.

Modern engines of the Kama Automobile Plant, which correspond to modern environmental standards require special lubrication. The oil in the Euro 3 KAMAZ engine is filled with Lukoil Super series companies with different viscosities, since the principle of operation of a supercharged air power unit is radically different in design from atmospheric. Lubri-Loy15w40 API CJ-4 / SN, CES 20081, Lubri-Loy API CI-4 / SL Multi-Grade or CES 20072 oil in the KAMAZ turbo engine contributes to the durability and reliability of power units.

List of motor oils for KAMAZ engines

LUKOIL-MZk factory break-in oil
LUKOIL AVANTGARDE semi-synthetic SAE 10W-40, API CF-4/SG
LUKOIL AVANTGARDE SAE 15W-40, API CF-4/SG
CONSOL Titan Transit SAE 15W-40, API CF-4/SG
Rosneft Maximum Diesel SAE 10W-40, API CF-4/SG
Rosneft Optimum Diesel SAE 15W-40, API CF-4/SG
Rosneft Maximum Diesel SAE 15W-40, API CF-4/SG
Diesel Extra SAE 10W-40, 15W-40, API CF-4/CF/SG
QUALITET 5z/14 (SAE 15W-40), type CF-4/SG
Ecoil Turbodiesel SAE 15W-40, 10W-40, API CF-4/SJ
Tatneft Profi SAE 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40 API CF-4/SG
THK Revolux D1 15W-40, API CF-4, CF/SJ
THK Revolux D2 10W-40, 15W-40, API CG-4, CF/SJ
Novoil Turbo Diesel SAE 10W-40, 15W-40, API CF-4/SH
SINTOIL SAE 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40, 20W-50, API CF-4/SJ
Select Lubricants Magnum API CF-4/SG, SAE 10W-40, 15W-40

Related Topics:

Do you want to buy an engine?

The enterprise for the production of KAMAZ vehicles (Kama Automobile Plant) was founded in 1976. This Russian company, whose main occupation is the production of trucks powered by diesel fuel. In addition, they produce buses, tractors, combines, power plants and other components. Power plants, used on equipment, were developed by the designers of the plant, initially the best foreign analogues were taken as a basis.

KAMAZ engines for their unpretentious nature: reliability, durability, simplicity of design and worthy characteristics were highly appreciated by consumers. To date, it is one of the most popular brands trucks operated both in our region and abroad.

The impetus in the development of the enterprise was given by another plant, ZIL (plant named after Likhachev), until 1956 it was called ZIS (plant named after Stalin). In 1976, by order of the management, all the technical documentation for the development of the ZIL-170 car, which was maintained by the plant, was transferred to KAMAZ. So, the production of the KAMAZ-5320 car began. Until 1980, ZIL developed 9 KAMAZ models, trained the plant staff and eliminated design flaws.

Throughout its history, a huge number of power units have been produced. The KAMAZ 740 series received the greatest popularity. There are several options for power plants of the 740 series, their main differences from each other were compliance with one or another Euro standard.

The motors turned out to be successful, for a long time other manufacturers bought them for installation on their cars. So, from 1979 to 1992, a ZIL car with a KAMAZ engine was produced. These were the following modifications: ZIL-133G2 and ZIL-133VYA (tractor, dump truck and crane) with KAMAZ-740 power plants; ZIL-E133VYAT (tractor) with a KAMAZ-7403 unit.

Key Features of the 740 Series Power Units

The ancestor of the series of engines was the KAMAZ 740 V8 model, the first models of this engine had a volume of 10852 cm 3, while the power was developed up to 210 horsepower. Later models came out with power ranging from 180-360 hp. All power plants of KAMAZ operate on diesel fuel, the choice in favor of it is not accidental: firstly, less fuel is consumed, and secondly, there is better lubricant engine and its parts, thirdly, the power plant has more power.

A feature of the operation of KAMAZ engines can also be considered such an indicator as an increased compression ratio, compared with gasoline engines internal combustion. So, gasoline power plants have a degree of 8-10 units, while the KAMAZ engine has 17 units. In addition, there are no spark plugs in the engines, this is due to the specifics of the diesel engine. Ignition and combustion in such power plants occurs due to high pressure.

Due to the movement of the piston to the top position dead center, the internal volume sharply decreases, there is a jump in the increase in pressure and temperature. This is exactly how a diesel engine works.

In marking its products, the manufacturer uses various designations that are responsible for the type of power plant:

• The V-cylinders of the motor are arranged in two rows, the angle between which is less than 90 °;
• L-cylinders are arranged in two rows, the angle between which approaches 90°;
• R-arrangement of cylinders is in-line.

Power plant KAMAZ 740

The KAMAZ engine of the 740th modification has a number of advantages and features over its competitors:

• The structure of the motor is such that with the same characteristics as those of similar manufacturers, it is much smaller. The motor is a kind of compromise between large, but low-power installations that consume a fairly large amount of fuel, and quite reliable and powerful, economical, but less reliable and hardy.
• The car has become widespread due to the ability to work in conditions low temperatures. In particular, KAMAZ has no problems with launching in the cold season. The motor has a powerful battery and starter, as well as an engine heating system.
• Gas distribution system drive, compressors, hydraulic booster, pump: work by transmitting torque from the motor through gears with straight teeth.

Euro class power plants

The Euro 0 model can be considered the founder of the KAMAZ 740 series engines. reliable unit with good technical characteristics, high reliability and resource. However, the KAMAZ engine did not correspond to the classes environmental safety and this was its main disadvantage.

Power plant KAMAZ (Euro 0)

The power plants of KAMAZ Euro 2 were more modern and refined compared to the previous class. At that time, they met all the requirements for the units in terms of environmental safety. There were 4 modifications of the motors, their characteristics are as follows:

Power plant KAMAZ (Euro 2)

Power plant model	740.31-240	740.30-260	740.51-320	740.50-360
Power, hp	240	260	320	360
Crankshaft, rotational speed	2200
Torque, Nm	980	1078	1020	1147
Cylinders, pieces, location	8,V
Cylinder, Ø/Piston, stroke, mm	120/120		120/130
Engine, volume, l.	10,85	10,85	11,76	11,76
Fuel mixture, compression ratio	16	16,5	16,5	16,5
Cylinders, work	1,5,4,2,6,3,7,8
crankshaft rotation	right
Engine, weight, gross, kg.	760	885	885	885
Lubrication system, l.	26	28	28	28
Cooling system, l.	18

KAMAZ Euro 3 power plants were a transitional link between Euro 2 and Euro 4. More modern and popular engines are Euro 4 modification units. KAMAZ engines technical characteristics:

KAMAZ power plants (Euro 4)

In addition, foreign-made power plants were installed on KAMAZ vehicles. They were in no way inferior in performance to our engines, but had significant disadvantage in price - were more expensive. The units have proven to be reliable, durable, powerful technique, noteworthy user.

All motors of the 740 series have a similar principle of operation. Features include:

• The cylinder block is the main part of the engine, made according to the principle of a single block, all attachments are attached to it;
• The crankshaft is located in the center of the installation, it has a significant shift to the lower part of the motor. Under the crankshaft is a crankcase containing oil. The volume of oil in the engine is about 26 or 28 liters.
• As for the valves - there are 16 of them, two valves per cylinder.

Repair of the KAMAZ 740 engine must be carried out in specialized workshops. The fact is that the maintenance of diesel power plants is complicated by the features of the engines themselves and is not an easy task.

The only thing you can do with your own hands without causing significant harm is the lack of special types tools is to change the oil and coolant.

Coolant, replacement

The cooling system is a closed liquid type system with forced circulation. The thermal regime is controlled by a thermostat and fluid couplings. The circulation itself is due to centrifugal pump, the process is as follows: first, the left row of cylinders is washed, then the right one.

The coolant passes through the cylinder liners and through the hole into the cylinder head. The heated antifreeze enters the thermostat and, depending on where it determines it, into the water pump or into the radiator.

As prescribed technical regulations, the coolant in the power plant must be changed, depending on the operation, every three or five years. The main indicator of the unsuitability of a liquid for further use is its color. If it has a dirty shade and differs from the original color, further use is unacceptable.

Check the coolant level in this moment has a power plant must be constantly, in order to avoid overheating of the motor. If necessary, add the required amount of liquid, such as Tosol-A40. At each start of the motor, it is desirable to carry out the following actions:

• On a special expansion tank open the faucet and see if the liquid flows out. If yes, the level is correct. Bring the crane to its original state and start the engine. If not, add coolant until it flows from the faucet. If fluid does not flow, check the faucet and the cooling system as a whole for damage.
• If there is a shortage of coolant, or its absence at all, it is strictly forbidden to start the power plant. By doing this, you can render the impeller unusable, which will entail costly repairs.
• If necessary, replace the liquid due to its unsatisfactory condition: it is necessary to drain the liquid from the lower valve of the radiator, boiler, heater, from the cabin stove pipe. After that, it is necessary to close all the taps and refill the system to the desired level.

Oil change

The power plant is equipped with a lubrication system combined type, oil is supplied to rubbing parts in various ways, such as: spraying, gravity, under pressure. The unit consists of devices: storage, supply, filtration, oil cooling.

The movement of oil starts from the sump using a pump. It comes through the filter to the oil receiver, then to the pump and to the discharge section. From the section, through the channel enters a special oil filter, and then to the highway. The cylinder head and the cylinders themselves are lubricated first, then the crankshaft, gas distribution mechanism, compressor, fuel pump.

Excess grease is removed with oil scraper rings in the cylinders, then discharged through the piston channels, lubricating the piston pin bearing. Getting to the power thermal sensor from the main line, with the tap open, including hydraulic clutch, oil lubricates and e. If the valve is closed, the oil enters the centrifugal filter and then into the sump.

How much oil is in a KAMAZ engine, what is the frequency of replacement and how to carry out the whole process correctly, everyone who works with brand cars should know the answers to all these questions.

Oil, like all working fluids, have their own replacement intervals. The documentation for each power plant indicates at what mileage it is necessary to carry out a replacement.

To check the oil level in the engine, a special dipstick with a mark is used. At normal level, the oil will be at "B". At not enough, it is required to add lubricating fluid to the required value, otherwise, while working, the engine and its parts will undergo significant wear and early failure cannot be avoided. It is better not to allow an excess of oil, as it can lead to damage to mechanisms with rubber seals.

If necessary, change the oil:

1. Start the engine and warm up to 80°C;
2. Turn off the engine and turn drain plug crankcase;
3. Drain the oil completely;
4. Be sure to change filters;
5. The centrifugal oil filter must be disassembled and the rotor washed;
6. Fill with oil up to the “B” mark on the dipstick;
7. Start the power plant and let it idle for 10 minutes;
8. Stop the engine, let the oil settle (about 10 minutes) and add required amount up to the "B" mark.

Disadvantages and characteristic breakdowns of power plants

Repair of KAMAZ engines does not bring much trouble to the owner, if strictly observed, the maintenance schedule and carried out in accordance with passport recommendations. So, it is necessary to regularly, with the established frequency, carry out service maintenance main components, change working fluids, adjust thermal gaps, change filters.

If serious breakdowns could not be avoided, as a recommendation, it is better to repair the KAMAZ engine by qualified specialists, since in order to complete all necessary work availability required special equipment and stands.

The main malfunctions of power plants include:

• The power plant does not start. There may be air in the fuel supply system. It is necessary to identify the cause of the appearance of air, bring the system into a sealed state and pump fuel.
• The motor won't start. It is possible that the fuel injection advance angle is violated. The lead angle needs to be adjusted.
• The engine does not start when sub-zero temperature. Water entering the fuel pipes or on the fuel intake grid and its subsequent freezing. It is necessary to warm up the fuel filters, tanks and pipes with hot water in order to melt the frozen liquid.
• Uneven operation of the power unit, the motor vibrates strongly, does not hold idling, power dips with increasing speed. Possible cause is a clogged injector. To eliminate the malfunction, it is necessary to flush the nozzles on a special stand.

One of the best Soviet and domestic motors the cargo direction can rightfully be considered the KamAZ-740 engine. For the history of its release, this power unit received a lot of modifications and upgrades, but they all formed the basis of the first motor, which was developed back in 1974.

Specifications

To begin with, it is worth answering the question - what is KAMAZ? This heavy vehicle, which has a fairly wide number of body options and attachments. Produces these vehicles- Kama Automobile Plant. The technical characteristics of the KamAZ-740 engine are quite high. Main domestic competitor this motor is the product of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, namely the YaMZ-236/238 model. Although, if you look at it, each of them has taken its own market niche and sticks to it. The device of the KamAZ-740 engine is somewhat similar to the YaMZ, but still a number of design differences. So, at the Kama motor for each cylinder goes separate block head.

Depending on the year of manufacture and generation, KamAZ-740 engines have different environmental standards: from Euro-0 to Euro-5. So, let's consider the main technical characteristics of the 740 power unit and its modifications.

Euro 0 motors marked 740.210 and 740.260

Euro-2 motors marked 740.31-240 and 740.30-260

Euro-2 motors marked 740.51-320 and 740.50-360

Euro-4 motors marked 740.70 and modifications

As the characteristics of the KamAZ engine showed, the power units that Kamsky produces engine plant, strong enough and able to give more power truck to carry goods.

Service

Maintenance of the 740 motor is quite simple. Replacement lubricating fluid must be carried out every 15,000 km, according to the repair and maintenance manual. But, as practice shows, for each model of the KamAZ engine, maintenance takes place at different times.

So, for the usual diesel engine, indeed, maintenance is carried out every 15,000 km, but for a turbodiesel, starting from Euro-2, it is possible to carry out Maintenance after 20,000 km of run.

Mandatory maintenance of the motor is the replacement of oil and filters. But experts also recommend checking fuel system and adjust the valves. Such operations will prevent the hasty wear of the power unit and can extend its life by 100,000 km, which is very important both in terms of money and during major repairs.

Repairs and malfunctions

Like any power unit, the 740 engine has a tendency to break down. So, malfunctions of the KamAZ-740 engine occur during operation. The two main items that can fail are the water pump and the high pressure fuel injection pump. Also, do not forget that frequent is the breakdown of the injection, or rather, the contamination of the nozzles.

Since the cost of these parts is high, KamAZ owners are supporters of purges. So, it is worth cleaning the nozzles every 20–30 thousand kilometers, since engines are usually operated on poor quality fuel. And where did our man see high-quality oil products in our country?!

Water pump replacement

Of course, changing the water pump on a 740 engine is the last thing to do, and that's when it's completely worn out. Often motorists install repair kits, which include: shaft, bearing, cuff, sealing ring and impeller. In less rare cases, the pulley is changed.

Therefore, in this part of the article, we will consider exactly the process of repairing the water pump of the KamAZ-740 engine. Before starting, it is worth considering what elements this part consists of:

1. Pulley. 2. The washer is dust-reflective. 3. Retaining ring. 4. Bearings 1160305-A and 1160304-K. 5. Shaft key. 6. Water pump shaft. 7. Cuff of the water pump. 8. Water pump housing. 9. Oil seal. 10. Thrust ring. 11. O-ring. 12. O-ring holder. 13. Impeller. 14. Oil can. 15. Pump plug.

Now that everything is clearly visible, you can draw up a sequence of actions. The first thing to do is to collect the tools. Instructions and actions aimed at replacing the water pump:

1. Drain the coolant from the system.
2. We carry out the dismantling of wire belts.
3. Disconnect the coolant inlet and outlet pipes.
4. Remove the water pump mounting bolts.
5. Bending the lock washer, hold the shaft from turning and unscrew the cap nut.
6. Using a puller, remove the impeller.
7. Next, remove the seal.
8. After that, you can dismantle the pulley, key and dust deflector.
9. It is now possible to remove the shaft assembly.
10. Assembly is carried out in reverse order.
11. The repaired water pump is installed in the same way as it was removed - with 3 mounting bolts.

Nozzle cleaning

If the nozzles are clogged, they must be removed from the injection system. The nozzle itself consists of a body and atomizer. It is the sprayer that needs to be cleaned. This is done using a special stand for flushing nozzles by drip and spray methods.

The nozzle is removed from the fuel frame, and then the atomizer is removed from it. It is placed in a special hole where a cleaning liquid is supplied under pressure. If you choose the right cleaner, it will dissolve and wash out all the remnants of petroleum products that clog the part.

At long-term operation the nebulizer becomes clogged to such an extent that flushing does not work and must be replaced. Of course, you should understand that the product is not cheap, so you should take care of the sprayer and carry out maintenance on time.

Major overhaul: basic provisions

Overhaul of the KamAZ-740 engine is quite complicated procedure, which requires design knowledge, technical standards and special equipment for these operations. There are instructions for the overhaul of power units, which are developed by the manufacturer.

Of course, not all car services that specialize in the repair of internal combustion engines adhere to this, but they clearly and accurately spell out all the subtleties and nuances of the process.

Consider the sequence of actions aimed at carrying out restoration operations on the KamAZ-740 engine:

1. To begin with, a faulty motor is disassembled to determine defects.
2. The next step is troubleshooting. This includes diagnostic work on the crankshaft, cylinder heads, which are placed one for each cylinder, as well as camshaft, water and oil pumps. Separately, it should be noted that when carrying out major repair and restoration work on the engine in without fail restoration work in progress fuel pump high pressure fuel supply.
3. The next stage in the repair of the power unit is the boring of the block and the crankshaft. It is worth noting that the KamAZ crankshaft is a strong enough part, so it is not always necessary to turn the necks. But with the block, as practice shows, things are much worse. In any case, you will have to bore the cylinders, but this does not always help. So, if the motor is 20 years old, then, as experts say, there is nothing to sharpen, and the only way out is the block sleeve. Of course, this procedure increases the cost of repair, but it is cheaper than buying a new cylinder block. Consider the repair dimensions of the parts.

1. An integral stage in the restoration of the motor is the repair of all heads, of which KamAZ has eight pieces. So, guide bushings often change, which are first turned on a lathe. The chamfer is removed and adjusted on the valves, and the seats are subjected to cutter.
2. The next step is polishing the cams. camshaft. This is done on a lathe using a special paste and sandpaper.
3. Next comes the stage of repairing the water and oil pump. As practice shows, motor repair specialists are reluctant to repair these parts, but due to the high cost, they have to in order to keep customers. As mentioned earlier, only some elements of the products are subject to replacement. So, the impeller, shaft assembly, cuff and bearings are changed.
4. Before proceeding with the procedure for laying the crankshaft, it is necessary to carry out the balancing process. The clutch is attached to the crankshaft and rotated, setting special cargo. If not carried out this procedure, then during operation the shaft will be unbalanced, which will lead to the breaking of the yokes and connecting rods with liners.
5. Assembly can rightly be considered the last step. This process is quite long, since it takes almost a whole day. The crankshaft is laid, and the process of "ligation" goes through. This is the procedure for connecting the crankshaft to piston group and installation of liners, both indigenous and connecting rod. Next going oil pump and pump. All small details are collected. The block heads are installed last, valve covers, injection pump and exhaust system.
6. After the engine is assembled, it must be run in. This is only done when hot. The power unit and the exhaust system are connected to the power unit, and then it is started by adjusting the speed, and the valve clearances are periodically set.

After the KamAZ power unit is assembled, it is installed on the car and tested on the go.

Conclusion

The KamAZ-740 engine has high technical characteristics, which are known not only in the CIS, but throughout the world. Yes, power units Kama plant in the 80s, trucks of the legendary German company DAF were equipped. Of course, this did not last long, because DAF developed its own power units, which were more suitable for these cargo giants.

The production of 740 motors continues to this day. KAMAZ produces a fairly large number of engines, and in 2018 it is planned to produce new motor marked 740.80-300.

This 5th generation powertrain with environmental regulations Euro 5, which will have new system injection, which, according to the developers, will turn the idea of ​​turbodiesels into trucks. The declared power will be in the range from 500 to 800 horsepower.

Repair and maintenance of KamAZ-740 engines is quite simple and does not require any special skills and abilities of specialists. Unlike Western counterparts, the KamAZ engine has simple design features, which makes repairs simple, and the absence of complex automated electronics simplifies tasks.

KAMAZ 740 engine

Characteristics of Kamaz-740

Production	KAMAZ-Diesel
Engine brand	740
Release years	1975-present
Block material	cast iron
engine's type	diesel
Configuration	V-shaped
Number of cylinders	8
Valves per cylinder	2
Piston stroke, mm	120 130
Cylinder diameter, mm	120
Compression ratio	16.0 16.8 17.0
Engine volume, cc	10850 (Euro 0/1/2) 11760
Engine power, hp / rpm	210/2600 220/2600 240/2200 260/2600 260/2200 260/2200 280/1900 290/2200 300/2200 320/2200 360/1900 400/2200 420/1900 440/1900
Torque, Nm/rpm	667/1600-1800 667/1600-1800 834/1400 834/1600-1800 932/1400 1079/1300 1177/1300 1216/1400 1177/1400 1275/1400 1569/1200-1400 1570/1400 1864/1300 2060/1250-1350
Environmental regulations	Euro 0-5
Turbocharger	TKR 700 TKR 7N1K
Engine weight, kg	750 (740.10) 842 (740.11) 865 (740.30/35) 870 (740.602/70) 885 (740.35/50/60)
Fuel consumption, l/100 km (for Kamaz-55111)	36.5
Oil consumption, % of fuel consumption, up to	0.8 (7403) 0.6 (740.10) 0.3 (740.11) 0.2 (740.30/35/37/38/50) 0.1 (740.60) 0.06 (740.70)
Engine oil	5W-30 15W-40
How much oil is in the engine, l	28
Oil change is carried out, km	16000
Dimensions, mm: - length - width - height	(740.10) 1150 893 1007
Engine resource, km - according to the plant - on practice	400 000/800 000/1 000 000 -
Tuning, HP - potential - no loss of resource	- -
The engine was installed	KAMAZ-4306, 4310, 43101, 43114, 43115, 43118, 43253 KAMAZ-4326, 4350, 43501, 4925 KAMAZ-5297, 5315, 5320, 53212 , 53213, 53215, 53228, 53229 KAMAZ-5325, 5350, 53605, 5410, 54112, 54115, 5415 KAMAZ-5425, 5460, 55102, 5511, 55111 KAMAZ-6350, 63501, 6450, 6460, 65111, 65112, , , KAMAZ-6520, 65201, 6522, 65221, 65224, 65225, 6540, 6560 Ural-4320, 5323, ZIL-133 AGMS GAZ-5903 LiAZ-5256 NefAZ-4208, 42111, 5297, 5299, 5633, 6606, AC-3.0-40

Reliability, problems and repair of KAMAZ 740

The release of a motor for trucks of the Kama Automobile Plant was launched in 1975 and it was the first internal combustion engine for KamAZ trucks. This engine has an 8-cylinder cast-iron 90° V-shaped cylinder block with a 29.5mm bank offset and wet cast iron sleeves. A steel crankshaft with a piston stroke of 120 mm is installed in the block, the diameter of the main journals is 95 mm, and the connecting rod is 80 mm. The connecting rods are made of steel (length 225 mm), the pistons are aluminum (their height is 75.7 mm), and they have a combustion chamber offset of 5 mm from the center. Piston pin diameter 45 mm. In turbo versions, the pistons are cooled by oil nozzles installed in the cylinder block.
The oil pressure on KamAZ 740 is 4.0-5.5 kgf / cm 2.

Separate cast-iron heads are installed on top of the block for each cylinder separately, each cylinder head has 2 valves. Plate diameter intake valves 51.6 mm, and exhaust 46.6 mm. The camshaft is located in the cylinder block and actuates the valves by means of rods, pushers and rocker arms. The camshaft drive is geared from the crankshaft. On base motor Euro-0 camshaft characteristics are as follows: phase 242/256, rise 14.2 / 13.7 mm.
Valve adjustment for Kamaz 740 is required if necessary, valve clearances: inlet 0.3 mm, outlet 0.4 mm. Valve adjustment order: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8.
For this, the internal combustion engine used the YAZDA 33 pump and the 33-03 / 10 injectors, in the future they were repeatedly changed to the most different versions(see below for details).

Motors under Euro-1 are distinguished by their crankshaft, pistons, piston pins, piston rings, modified head, turbocharged without intercooler, YAZDA 337 pump, 273 injectors.
Euro 2 engines with a stroke of 120 mm use a crankshaft with a different flywheel mount, Euro 1 pistons, and an intercooler.
There are also Euro-2 engines with a piston stroke of 130 mm, which gives a displacement of 11.76 liters. There are pistons with a height of 70.7 mm, their sleeves, piston pins are old.
Diesels for Euro-3 are based on Euro-2 and have their own more durable heads, differ in crankshaft, piston rings, injectors 274.
Kamaz Euro-4 engines are distinguished by pistons, piston pins, rings, heads with an injection system common rail, the presence of an SCR catalyst.
Versions without SCR for ecology fit under class 4 (Rules 96-02).

On Kamaz 740 Euro-4, there is a Bosch CP3.4 injection pump with an injection pressure of up to 1600 bar. These motors are controlled by the Bosch EDC7UC31 ECU.

These engines are equipped with two turbines TKR-700-01 and TKR-700-02 (their analogues: CZ K27-145, CZ K27-49, TKR 7C-6).
For versions 7403, turbochargers TKR 7N1K-01 and TKR 7N1K-02 were used.

Modifications of Kamaz-740 and their differences

1. KAMAZ-740.10 - atmospheric motor under Euro-0 standards with a capacity of 210 hp. at 2600 rpm, torque 667 Nm at 1600-1800 rpm.
Found onKAMAZ-4310, 43101, 54112, 5320, 53212, 5410, 54112, 55102, 55511; Ural-4320; ZIL-133; AGMS. Motor resource - 400 thousand km.
2. KAMAZ-740.10-20 - the same model, but the nozzles are 271. The power is slightly higher - 220 hp.
This internal combustion engine is on KamAZ-43101, 5320, 53213, 5410, 54112, 55102, 55111; Ural-4320; ZIL-133.
3. KAMAZ-7403.10 - a turbo engine based on 740.10, with pistons for a compression ratio of 16 (larger combustion chamber), with its own piston pins, on the other intake system, high pressure fuel pump 334, nozzles 271, as well as with TKR 7N1K turbines. The camshaft is old. The motor complies with Euro-0 standards, and its resource is 400 thousand km. Power 260 hp at 2600 rpm, torque 834 Nm at 1600-1800 rpm.
Installed on KAMAZ-43101, 43114, 43115, 43118, 54112, 5320, 53212, 5315, 53229, 5325, 5415, 5425; GAZ-5903; LiAZ-5256.
4. KAMAZ-740.11-240 - turbodiesel for Euro-1 with injection pump YAZDA 337-40, injectors 273-31, with a compression ratio of 16.5 and a power of 240 hp. at 2200 rpm, torque 834 Nm at 1400 rpm. The resource has been increased to 800 thousand km. The motor does not have an intercooler.
This diesel engine costs KamAZ-4306, 43114, 43118, 43253, 4326, 43501, 4925, 53215, 54115, 55111; NefAZ-5297, 5299.
5. KAMAZ-740.13-260 - analogue of 740.11-240 with YAZDA 337-42 and injectors 273-20, power increased to 260 hp.
Cars with this engine: KAMAZ-43114, 43118, 53215, 54115, 65111, 65115.
6. KAMAZ-740.30-260 - a model for Euro-2 standards. There are TKR 700 turbines with an intercooler, a YAZDA 337-20 pump and 273-20 injectors. Power 260 hp at 2200 rpm, torque 1079 Nm at 1300 rpm.
Stands on KAMAZ-43118, 5350, 65112, 65115, 65116; NefAZ-5299.
7. KAMAZ-740.31-240 - an analogue of 740.30, but the power is reduced to 240 hp.
Installed on KAMAZ-43114, 43118, 43253, 4326, 4350, 43501, 5297, 53215, 53228, 53229, 53605, 54115, 55111; NefAZ-5299; LiAZ-5256.
8. KAMAZ-740.35-400 - version with a crankshaft with a piston stroke of 130 mm, which made it possible to increase the working volume to 11.76 liters, the compression ratio is 16.8. Here are the turbines TKR 700 with an intercooler, injection pump 337-24, injectors 274-22, ECU ELARA 50.3763. Power is 400 hp. at 2200 rpm, torque 1570 Nm at 1400 rpm.
Found on KamAZ-6560.
9. KAMAZ-740.37-400 - the same 740.35, but there is a Bosch PE8P120A920 / 5RV pump, AZPI 216-02 nozzles, a Bosch MS6.1 control unit, and the power reaches 400 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1766 Nm at 1300 rpm.
This is a motor for KamAZ-5460, 65224, 65225.
10. KAMAZ-740.38-360 - similar to 740.37, but the return is reduced to 360 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1569 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm.
11. KAMAZ-740.50-360 - Euro-2 engine with YAZDA 337-20 pump, 273-20 injectors, TKR-700 turbines and intercooler. Power 360 hp at 2200 rpm, torque 1472 Nm at 1400 rpm. The declared resource is 800 thousand km. You can find internal combustion engines on KamAZ-6350, 63501, 6460, 65115, 6520, 65201, 6522, 65221, 65225; NefAZ-5299.
12. KAMAZ-740.51-320 - the same option, but with 320 hp at 2200 rpm, torque 1275 Nm at 1400 rpm./
This is a motor for KamAZ-6520 and 6522.
13. KAMAZ-740.52-260 - 260 hp version
14. KAMAZ-740.53-290 - 290 hp model
15. KAMAZ-740.55-300 - modification for 300 hp for KAMAZ-43118.
16. KAMAZ-740.60-360 - Euro-3 modification with electronic injection pump YAZDA 337-23, nozzles 274-20, turbochargers TKR-700 and ECU ELARA 50.3763. The motor began to develop 360 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1570 Nm at 1300 rpm. The resource is still 800 thousand km.
Installed on KamAZ-6520 and 65201.
17. KAMAZ-740.61-320 - an analogue of the above-described 320 hp engine. for KAMAZ-6520. The pump 337-23.01 is used here.
18. KAMAZ-740.62-280 - a 280 hp turbodiesel, which is distinguished by a pump 337-23.02.
You can meet this internal combustion engine on KamAZ-5297, 53605, 65111, 65115, 65116, 6540; NefAZ-4208, 5299.
19. KAMAZ-740.63-400 - 400-horsepower Euro-3 version for KAMAZ-6460, 6520 and 65225. There are AZPI 216 injectors and Bosch electronics (PE8P120A920 / 5RV pump, MS 6.1 ECU).
20. KAMAZ-740.64-420 - Euro-3 model for 420 hp for KAMAZ-5460 and LiAZ-5256.
21. KAMAZ-740.65-240 - modification for 240 hp for ecological class Euro-3. Here is the pump YAZDA 337-23.03/04, injectors 274-40/41 and the control unit ELARA 50.3763.
Stands on KamAZ-5297 and NefAZ-5299.
22. KAMAZ-740.602-360 - a model for environmental class 4 (rules 96-02) with Common rail injection. The internal combustion engine shows 360 hp, and its resource is designated as 450 thousand km.
23. KAMAZ-740.612-320 - analogue of 740.602 for 320 hp
24. KAMAZ-740.622-280 - 280 hp variation for KAMAZ-65111; NefAZ-4208, 5633, 6606.
25. KAMAZ-740.632-400 - 400 hp model
26. KAMAZ-740.642-420 is the top model of this series, which develops 420 hp.
27. KAMAZ-740.652-260 - 260 hp version for NefAZ-42111 and AC-3.0-40.
28. KAMAZ-740.662-300 - 300-horsepower model for NefAZ-5633 and 6606.
29. KAMAZ-740.70-280 - an analogue of 740.602, but has a scr-catalyst and complies with Euro-4 standards. The resource has been increased to 1 million km.
30. KAMAZ-740.71-320 - the same diesel engine, but the power has been increased to 320 hp.
31. KAMAZ-740.72-360 - even more powerful model- 360 hp
32. KAMAZ-740.73-400 - 400 hp version for KAMAZ-6460.
33. KAMAZ-740.74-420 - analogue for 420 hp
34. KAMAZ-740.75-440 - the most powerful of the Euro-4 line - 440 hp
35. KAMAZ-740.705-300 - Euro-5 version with 300 hp.
36. KAMAZ-740.725-360 - the same version for the 5th environmental class for 360 hp.
37. KAMAZ-740.735-400 - 400 hp version
38. KAMAZ-7409 - gas-diesel engine for KAMAZ-5320.

Malfunctions KamAZ-740

1. Cracks in the heads in the nozzle area. A popular problem on Euro-2 engines, which happens even on fresh engines (up to 100 thousand km) due to cylinder head features. The problem was solved on Euro-3 heads.
2. Wear of liners. Another problem is Euro-3 engines, which need to be checked every 50-100 thousand km and changed if necessary. Sometimes it turns even before 100 thousand km.
3. Heats up. Look for the reasons in the radiator, which needs to be cleaned from time to time, as well as in thermostats, fluid coupling, perhaps a problem in the ignition, in the sleeves or in the heads. Overheating can lead to the formation of cracks in the liners.
4. Smokes:
- White smoke - there is water in the tank or coolant enters the cylinders.
- blue smoke - oil enters the cylinders.
- black smoke- fuel problem, see how the pump is configured.
5. Knock. The reasons must be sought in the nozzles, unadjusted valves, in the ignition, liners, crankshaft, perhaps the problem is in the wrong pistons, in the piston pins.
6. Troit. First of all, look at the pump, filters, pipes, nozzles, check the candles, most often the dog is buried here.
Motors with Euro-3 have an oil pump that runs about 150 thousand km. Motors with Bosch electronics for Euro-2 do not like frost and do not start well when they occur. On Euro-2 and Euro-3 engines, the crankshaft often bursts. ICEs for Euro-3 are different increased wear guide valves.
In general, pour good oil, change it regularly, also regularly service the car, try not to overload it and then the motor will work normally.

Engine number Kamaz-740

The designation is located on the block on the left along the way, in front of the motor. For engines up to 2007, the number is stamped in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe 4th cylinder.

Tuning engines KAMAZ-740

Put the turbine

You can install turbines on a conventional atmospheric 740 by turning it into 7403. To do this, you need to buy two TKR 7N1K turbines, replace the pistons with 7403, put the pump and injectors from 7403, as well as the intake and exhaust system. Everything is ready, it is enough to put together.
You can put the turbines on completely standard motor and set everything up. This will work, perhaps even for a long time, but it is more reliable to convert to 7403.