Safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of vehicles. General safety requirements for the operation of vehicles general provisions

Working for motor transport enterprises exposed heightened danger in connection with big amount self-propelled vehicles, the use of sophisticated equipment, fixtures and tools in the maintenance and repair of vehicles, the use of flammable and explosive materials, the presence of harmful gases.

Responsibility for the management of work on labor protection and safety precautions, carrying out measures to reduce and prevent industrial injuries and occupational diseases is assigned to the head of the motor transport enterprise.

For direct work on labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation, the position of an engineer (senior engineer) for safety, subordinate to the chief engineer of a motor transport enterprise, is provided.

Local (factory) trade union committees monitor compliance with labor legislation, labor protection and industrial sanitation requirements, and resolve labor disputes.

To improve work on labor protection and safety, trade union committees create labor protection commissions at enterprises and appoint public labor protection inspectors.

General production safety measures are: improving the culture of production, instructing workers in safe working methods, monitoring compliance with safety regulations, involving the public in solving labor protection issues, observing the technological process, serviceability of equipment, fixtures and tools, sufficient width of aisles and driveways , the safety of protective fences, the provision of workers with overalls.

• When accidents often occur because workers use defective, dirty and oily tools.
• Engine start must be done by the starter. Before starting the car, you need to slow down and put the gear lever in neutral position.

When using the starting handle (in exceptional cases), do not grasp the handle, turn the handle from the bottom up, do not use levers and amplifiers.

Engines with manual ignition timing must be set to a delayed ignition before starting. It is forbidden to start engines by towing cars (after repair, overnight parking, etc.)

• At car battery maintenance you need to use a portable lamp with a voltage of 36 V; do not use a light source with an open flame.

It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the ventilation holes in the plugs, since when they become clogged, the gas pressure rises greatly and the battery tank may burst.

The wires must be securely attached to the battery clamps. When removing and transferring batteries, use grips, and for transportation, use trolleys or stretchers.

It is forbidden to smoke, light matches, work with open fire in the premises for repair and charging of storage batteries.

Can't check battery voltage short circuit; use the load fork, being careful not to touch the very hot resistance of the load fork with your hand.

• Mounting-dismantling tires it is necessary to produce on a stand or on a clean floor (platform), and on the way - on a spread tarpaulin.

Tires should be inflated with air in a fenced area or using devices that protect workers from accidents when a lock ring pops out or a tire ruptures.

When inflating, make sure that the air pressure in the tire does not exceed the established norm.

• Before self-extraction of a stuck car the winch cable is securely fixed to a pole, stump, greio or anchors dug into the ground, clearing the ground under the front and rear axles of the vehicle. Then turn on the gear for winding the cable in the power take-off and pull the car up at 1000-1100 rpm crankshaft engine.

To pull out another car, use the winch flare block and chain. A car with a winch is installed on a solid base and slowed down. Stops are placed under the wheels and the car is fixed with a cable for any object on the ground.

Then only the power take-off is turned on, and the gear lever is put in the neutral position.

Refuel cars is possible only at gas filling stations with the engine off. When filling cylinders with liquefied gas, one must beware of frostbite. In the terms established by Gosgortekhnadzor, the cylinders are subjected to tests.

Operation of LPG vehicles with faulty gas equipment and gas leakage is prohibited. When a gas leak cannot be repaired, the gas is vented to the atmosphere (away from people and sources of fire).

When the car is parked for a long time, the valves of the cylinders must be closed, the gas from the line has been exhausted, the main valve is closed.

Before tightening the nuts of the gas equipment and checking or correcting the electrical equipment, it is necessary to close all the valves and make sure that there is no gas under the engine hood.

It is impossible to regulate a gas-balloon car in a closed room and repair gas equipment under pressure, as well as with the engine running.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training and have passed examinations on the technical minimum and safety rules are allowed to drive and repair gas-balloon vehicles.

• Based "Safety regulations for road transport enterprises", the administration of the motor transport company develops safety instructions for individual professions and works in relation to local conditions.

The instructions indicate measures that prevent industrial injuries and occupational diseases.

The instructions must exactly comply with the current norms, rules and GOSTs for safety and industrial sanitation.

The head of the enterprise approves the instructions.

• For safety reasons, reliable load-handling devices must be used.
• Leaded gasoline is poisonous, but it is only dangerous if not observed. It can only be used as fuel for engines.
• transported and stored in sealed metal cans and barrels with screw caps. The container must have the inscription "Poison" and the labeling mark established for toxic substances.
• Concentration of harmful substances contained in the exhaust gases, should not exceed: in the cab of a truck, inside the passenger compartment of a bus or car body 30 m / m 3 carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and 2 mg / m 3 acrolein; in the premises for the maintenance and repair of vehicles with a constant and long stay in it of workers - 20 mg / m 3 carbon monoxide and 0.7 mg / m 3 acrolein.
• Provided: introductory, workplace briefing, repeated briefing, additional (unscheduled) briefing, safety training.
• aims to prevent possible complications that threaten the health and life of people.
• Behind violation of labor protection and safety regulations the following penalties may be imposed: remark (statement), reprimand, severe reprimand and transfer to a lower-paid job for up to three months. In the work of car drivers, such gross violations of labor discipline as appearing at work in a state of intoxication, recklessness and negligence, leading to accidents, are especially unacceptable. The head of the enterprise may transfer materials on violators of labor protection and safety regulations to a comrades' court. A comrades' court may issue a comradely warning, a public censure, a public reprimand, and may raise the question of transferring the guilty person to a lower-paid job or demotion.

In accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, vehicles must comply with the requirements of state labor safety standards, and newly purchased vehicles, as a rule, must have a certificate of compliance with labor safety requirements.

It is forbidden to operate vehicles without enclosing devices, interlocks, alarm systems and other means of collective protection of workers provided for by their design.

Newly acquired, leased or received after overhaul vehicles are allowed to operate after their examination and testing by the person responsible for their operation. The list of malfunctions in which their operation is prohibited is determined according to the manufacturer's documentation.

Maintenance and repair of vehicles is carried out only after the engine (drive) has been stopped and turned off, with the exception of the possibility of accidental starting of the engine, spontaneous movement of the machine and its parts, pressure relief in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, except for cases that are allowed by operational and repair documentation.

During maintenance and repair, assembly units of the machine, vehicle, having the ability to move under the influence of their own weight, must be blocked mechanically or lowered onto a support with the exception of the possibility of their spontaneous movement. During the maintenance of electrically driven machines, measures must be taken to prevent accidental voltage supply in accordance with the intersectoral rules on labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations.

Workplaces for maintenance and current repair vehicles must be equipped with a set of serviceable tools, fixtures, inventory, lifting devices and fire extinguishing equipment. Switching on, launching and operation of vehicles must be carried out by the person to whom they are assigned and who has the appropriate document for the right to drive this vehicle.

When using vehicles under the conditions established by the operational documentation, the levels of noise, vibration, dust, gas contamination in the driver's workplace must not exceed the current standards, and the illumination should not be below the limit values ​​established by the current standards.

The technical condition and equipment of vehicles of all types, brands and purposes in operation must comply with the rules for labor protection in road transport. They must undergo technical inspections in accordance with the rules for conducting a state technical inspection of vehicles by the State Inspectorate for Road Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

When placing and operating vehicles, measures must be taken to prevent them from overturning or spontaneous movement under the influence of wind, with a slope of the terrain or subsidence of the soil. Moving, installing a vehicle near excavations (pits, trenches, ditches, etc.) with unreinforced slopes is allowed only outside the prism of soil collapse at a distance established by the organizational and technological documentation.

Construction and installation work using machines in the security zone of an existing power line should be carried out under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safety of the work, with the written permission of the organization - the owner of the line and the work permit.

When installing construction machines and using vehicles with a lifting body in the security zone of an overhead power line, it is necessary to remove voltage from the overhead power line. If it is justified that it is impossible to remove voltage from the overhead power line, the operation of construction machines in the security zone of the power line is allowed, provided that the following requirements are met:

a) the distance from the lifting or retractable part of the construction machine in any position to the energized overhead power line must be at least the established standards;

b) the bodies of machines, with the exception of tracked machines, when installed directly on the ground, must be grounded using inventory portable grounding.

The installation of a self-propelled jib crane in the security zone of the power line on outriggers and uncoupling of the slings before lifting the boom must be carried out directly by the crane operator without involving slingers.

If it is necessary to use machines in extreme conditions (cutting soil on a slope, clearing rubble near power lines or operated buildings and structures), machines equipped with additional funds collective protection, preventing the impact on workers and other persons of hazardous production factors arising from the operation of machines in the specified conditions.

Transportation of machines, vehicles through natural obstacles or artificial structures, as well as through unguarded railway crossings is allowed only after examining the state of the road. If necessary, the path of movement of the machine, vehicle must be planned and strengthened taking into account the requirements specified in the operational documentation of the machine, vehicle.

When operating machines with movable working bodies, it is necessary to prevent people from entering the hazardous work zone, the boundary of which is at a distance of at least 5 m from the limit position of the working body, if there are no other increased requirements in the manufacturer's instructions.

To organize the movement of vehicles in the production area, traffic patterns for vehicles and the main movement routes for workers should be developed and installed in prominent places.

When working on road transport, you must:

Observe measures for careful handling of sources of fire, high temperatures;

Control the parameters of the gas-air environment, preventing them from reaching threshold values, etc.;

Avoid fuel spills and leaks, open emission of fuel vapors.

Parking of vehicles in a room with a running internal combustion engine is prohibited. Only hot air, hot water or steam may be used to heat the engine and power system, remove ice formations and blockages. It is not allowed to use an open fire to heat up the components of the machine, vehicle, as well as operate the machine in the presence of leaks in the fuel and oil systems.

The head is obliged to inform the driver before leaving the line about the working conditions on the line and the features of the cargo being transported.

The movement of vehicles on the ice of rivers and reservoirs is allowed only along specially marked routes with signs about the maximum admissible load capacity ice crossing. The movement must be carried out with the doors of the driver's cab open. At the same time, no people (except for the driver) should be in the vehicle. The date of opening and termination of traffic on the ice crossing is set by the head of the organization in charge of the crossing.

In places of boarding (disembarking) people in vehicles, special platforms should be equipped or other devices should be used to ensure the safety of people. Before starting the movement of the vehicle, the driver is obliged to make sure that the boarding is completed, that people are seated correctly and warn them about the start of movement.

Car supply in reverse in the area where any work is being carried out, should be carried out by the driver only at the command of one of the workers employed in these works.

Transportation of bulky and heavy cargo by car on roads open for public use, must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the instructions for the transportation of bulky and heavy goods by road and agreed with the traffic authorities in the prescribed manner.

When loading a car with bulk or piece cargo, the following requirements must be observed:

Bulk cargo should be evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the car body;

Piece loads that rise above the sides of the body must be secured;

Box, barrel and other similar piece cargo must be stowed in the body of the car and secured so that when the car is moving, it cannot move along the floor of the body.

Trailers, semi-trailers and vehicle platforms intended for the carriage of long loads must be equipped with:

a) removable or folding racks and shields installed between the cabin and the load;

b) turning circles.

Turntables must have a device for securing them when driving without a load and stoppers to prevent the trailer from turning when driving backwards. Trailers must have a device that does not require its support for coupling with a tractor.

Transportation of dangerous goods by road must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road.

Cars transporting compressed gas cylinders must be equipped with special racks with recesses according to the diameter of the cylinders, upholstered in felt. Cylinders during transportation must have protective caps. In the hot season, the cylinders must be covered with a tarpaulin without greasy (oil) stains.

Transportation of explosive, radioactive, poisonous, flammable and other dangerous goods, as well as non-decontaminated containers from under these goods, must be carried out in accordance with the instructions duly agreed with the supervisory authorities.

Containers with acids, alkalis and liquid non-flammable chemicals during transportation must be installed vertically in the car body and firmly fixed.

Transportation of gasoline is allowed only in special tanks or in metal containers with tightly screwed caps. Fuel trucks must be equipped with grounding circuits, and gasoline storage tanks must be grounded. It is not allowed to transport leaded gasoline together with other cargo, as well as to be with people in the back of a car.

In accordance with the requirements of foreign companies, contractor and subcontractor drivers and vehicles provided for work must comply with the company's Road Safety Management Standard, the main requirements of which are set out below.

The nature of construction work and production activities on the company's project determines the requirements for road transport operations. Combination of road conditions and environmental situation, remoteness of workplaces and driving standards make the risk associated with road transport very significant. Driving hazards are one of the 6 main hazard categories identified in the road transport HSES rationale.

Therefore, it is very important that all personnel involved in the performance of road transport operations apply the mandatory controls established by the standard. These personnel, as well as contractors, are required to take adequate measures to reduce the risks associated with road transport operations to the ARC and ensure the safety and health of personnel using road transport in the performance of their duties.

All Company personnel, when traveling on the roads in Company vehicles or on Company business, must at all times follow the Golden Rules for road safety below.

Necessarily:

use seat belts in the front and rear seats in a car, truck or bus,

follow the travel plan.

In no case:

do not exceed the optimal (for given weather, road conditions and pavement conditions) speed,

do not drink alcohol on the road.

For roads used by the company:

A professional road construction engineer must formally check the road plan before starting work on the plan;

Formal pre-commissioning work must be completed and signed off by a professional road construction engineer and site owner prior to putting the road into service;

Inspections should be carried out regularly at intervals determined by the frequency of road use, local climatic conditions and the level of risk exposure;

Routine maintenance proposals must be approved by a professional highway civil engineer;

Road condition and corrective action reports should be made available to all drivers so that they can report on the condition of the road, pavement and road signs.

Known high-risk locations, including public and third-party roads, must be marked on the map in order to be included in the travel management process.

When using road transport in a company, it is necessary to apply a travel management system. There are five main reasons for using a travel management system:

Checking the validity of each trip in terms of production needs;

Choosing the most appropriate mode of transport for each trip;

Sharing transport with other employees traveling on the same route to minimize vehicle mileage;

Ensuring the ability of drivers to drive a vehicle during the entire time they are on the road;

Ensuring that trips are actively monitored to ensure they are completed safely and that effective assistance is provided in the event of a traffic accident or vehicle delay.

The company must develop travel management procedures to meet the above criteria. Contractors must either use the Company's procedure or apply their own travel management system provided that it complies with and satisfies the above criteria.

Driving at night (which is defined as the time period 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise) is not permitted. Exceptions are cases of response to emergency or a clear business need. The individual authorizing the trip is responsible for the individual night driving permit. This requirement does not apply to shift teams on buses.

Off-road driving of the Company's vehicles is permitted only in case of a clearly expressed operational need. The term "off-road driving" means driving on areas of the ground that are not prepared for driving, that is, not leveled and without pavement. In this case, the Journey Plan must include additional HSE management measures to compensate for the risks associated with off-road driving.

Vehicles must be equipped with on-board monitoring systems (OMS). The BMS should be used to provide information to supervisors in order to provide qualified assistance to drivers, continuous improvement in their driving style, and also create the basis for driver identification and a reward system.

Road transport managers should ensure that the necessary organizational arrangements are in place to identify and respond to emergencies related to vehicles. Travel management plans should address how these measures are applied to specific trips:

The organization of emergency response measures should include:

Determining how the need for a response is identified (e.g. emergency communication, delayed arrival, etc.), and how it can be applied various ways for different types of trips;

Organization of measures to provide appropriate technical and medical assistance at the accident site;

Organization of measures to find lost personnel and repair / evacuation of the vehicle;

Organization of the collection of cargo that fell out of the vehicle during the accident;

Organization of the liquidation of all leaks of pollutants that may affect the environment.

The company, its contractors and subcontractors shall form monitoring teams road safety responsible for assessing compliance with road transport standards and procedures. Road Safety Monitoring Teams will conduct roadside inspections to ensure road transport meets SEIC requirements. This includes checks on the suitability of vehicles and their technical condition, loads and methods of securing them, checks driving documents and documents for vehicles, speed and behavior of drivers.

The results of such checks - positive and negative - are communicated to drivers and their employers.

The contractor is obliged to inform the company about the suspension of the driver of the contractor or subcontractor from the performance of work under the project for the following reasons:

Suspension from work for driving under the influence of alcohol / drugs;

Suspension from work for non-compliance with the speed limit;

Appeared cause of the accident(which, according to the risk assessment matrix, is rated at level 3 or higher in relation to people);

Deprivation of a driver's license by the authorities in the performance of an official assignment;

Fired due to the theft of corporate property.

All vehicles must be properly insured in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the types of operations for which they are used.

Compensation for injuries sustained by the driver or passenger must be stipulated in the contract between the company and its contractors. This circumstance provides for mutual compensation for damages between the company and contractors, which should be the main provision in case of injury or damage to people or property. Under the mutual compensation agreement, the company is liable for property and people even if the damage is caused by the negligence of the Contractor (and vice versa).

If a Russian employee, be it a driver or a passenger, was involved in a road traffic accident, then this incident is considered as a “professional incident” and when investigating it in case of injury or death, legal norms are applied in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Unauthorized persons must not be in Company vehicles unless they complete and return to the Transportation Department a Release and Disclaimer form prior to travel. companies must complete the Release and Disclaimer form.

Literature POT RM Intersectoral rules on labor protection in road transport (approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation from N 28). Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Road Safety" 196-FZ of the city (with amendments and additions). Federal Law of the Russian Federation "Charter of road transport and urban ground electric transport" 259-FZ of the city of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Federal Law of the Intersectoral Rules for Labor Protection during Operation industrial transport(floor trackless wheeled transport) (POT RM). Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 63-FZ of the city (as amended). “On Approval of the Regulations on Licensing the Transportation of Passengers by Motor Vehicles Equipped for Transportation of More Than 8 Persons (Except for the Case if the Specified Activity is Carried Out to Meet the Own Needs of a Legal Entity or an Individual Entrepreneur)” Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated d. On the form of accounting for accidents ”Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of the city of 22. Regulations on the procedure for conducting an internal investigation of an accident, approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation 49 of the city of

"On approval of the Regulations on the peculiarities of the regime of working hours and rest time for car drivers." Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated 15. "On the approval of mandatory details and the procedure for filling out waybills" Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated g "On the procedure for registering vehicles" Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 59 dated "On the organization and conduct of the TRP of vehicles" Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation dated g .190 (with changes). Regulations on improving the professional skills and training of drivers RD-200-RSFSR Approved. Ministry of Road Transport of the RSFSR Technical regulation on the safety of wheeled vehicles. “Government Decree from ADR-European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road from the city of Instruction for the Transportation of Oversized and Heavy Goods by Road on the Roads of the Russian Federation from the city of (with amendments and additions) Medical support for traffic safety. Guidelines. Approved by the city of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Organization and procedure for conducting pre-trip medical examinations of vehicle drivers. Approved Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation

GOST R State standard of the Russian Federation “Vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods. GOST R 50597–93 " Car roads and streets. Requirements for the operational state, admissible under the terms of traffic safety. GOST Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Norms and methods for measuring the content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of vehicles with gasoline engines. Safety requirements (gas analyzers). GOST Vehicles with diesel engines. Exhaust smoke. Norms and methods of measurements. Safety requirements (smoke meters). GOST R "Buses for transporting children, technical requirements".

Hazardous and harmful production factors During the repair, maintenance and operation of automatic telephone exchanges, employees of organizations may be exposed to various physical and chemical hazardous and harmful production factors. The main physical hazardous and harmful production factors: moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of production equipment; increase or decrease in the air temperature of the working area; elevated level noise in the workplace; increased level of vibration; increased or decreased air mobility; high or low air humidity; lack or lack of natural light; insufficient or increased illumination of the working area (place). The main chemical hazardous and harmful production factor is the increased gas content and dust content of the air in the working area. Moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of production equipment must comply with the requirements of current state standards. Sanitary and hygienic requirements for indicators of microclimate, noise and vibration levels, illumination must comply with the requirements of current sanitary rules and regulations and state standards.

Types of means of collective protection (SKZ) Vehicle maintenance 1. Maintenance, repair and check of the technical condition of the vehicle is carried out at specially designated places (posts). 2. Automatic telephone exchanges sent to the posts of maintenance, repair and technical condition checks must be washed, cleaned of dirt and snow. 3. After setting the PBX to the post, you need to slow it down parking brake, turn off the ignition, set the gear lever to neutral, apply the parking brake, place at least two special stops under the wheels. On steering wheel a sign should be hung with the inscription "Do not start the engine - people are working!". 4. When servicing a car on a lift, a sign must be posted on the lift control panel with the inscription "Do not touch - people are working under the car!". 5. In maintenance rooms with in-line movement of automatic telephone exchanges, an alarm device is required to warn those working on the service line about the moment the automatic telephone exchange begins to move from post to post. 6. Turning on the conveyor to move the vehicle from post to post is allowed only after the dispatcher turns on the signal. Posts should be equipped with devices for emergency stop conveyor.

Types of collective protective equipment (CPS) Maintenance of the car 7. Starting the engine of the automatic telephone exchange at the posts of maintenance or repair is allowed only by the driver-driver, foreman of locksmiths or a locksmith, appointed by order of the organization if they have a driver's license of the automatic telephone exchange. 8. Before carrying out work related to turning the crankshaft and cardan shaft, it is necessary to additionally check the ignition off, the neutral position of the gear lever, and release the parking brake lever. 9. If it is necessary to perform work under a vehicle that is outside the inspection ditch, lift, overpass, workers must be provided with sun loungers. 10. When hanging a part of a car, trailer, semi-trailer using lifting mechanisms (jacks, hoists, etc.), except for stationary ones, you must first place special stops (shoes) under the non-lifting wheels, then hang out the ATS, place the tragus under the hanging part and lower it onto them ATS. 11. Repair, replacement of the lifting mechanism of the body of a dump truck, dump trailer or adding oil to it must be carried out after installing a special additional stop under the raised body, which excludes the possibility of spontaneous lowering of the body. 12. When repairing and maintaining the top of the buses and trucks workers must be provided with scaffolds or stepladders.

Types of collective protective equipment (SKZ) Car maintenance 13. It is allowed to clean the workplace from dust, sawdust, shavings, small metal scraps only with a brush. 14. When working on a turntable (tilter), it is necessary to first securely fix the vehicle on it, drain the fuel from the fuel tanks and liquid from the cooling system and other systems, tightly close the engine oil filler neck and remove battery. 15. When removing and installing parts, components and assemblies weighing 30 kg for men and 10 kg for women, it is necessary to use lifting and transport mechanisms. 18. When removing and installing units and assemblies that, after disconnecting from the vehicle, may be in a suspended state, it is necessary to use safety devices and devices (carts-lifts, stands, rope loops, hooks, etc.) that exclude spontaneous displacement or falling of removed and installed units and assemblies.

Types of collective protective equipment (SKZ) Vehicle maintenance 19. It is not allowed: to work lying on the floor (ground) without a lounger; perform any work on a car hung out only on one lifting mechanism, except for stationary ones; perform any work without placing trestles under the posted vehicle on mobile lifts that are not equipped with two independent devices, one of which is a safety device; leave the automatic telephone exchange after completion of work, hung out on lifts; remove and install springs on cars of all designs and types without preliminary unloading from the mass of the body by hanging the body with the installation of tragus under it or the frame of the vehicle; carry out maintenance and repair of the automatic telephone exchange with the engine running, with the exception of certain types works, the technology of which requires starting the engine; lift the load with an oblique tension of cables or chains; leave tools and parts on the edges of the inspection ditch; start the engine and move the vehicle with the body raised; carry out repair work under the raised body of a dump truck, dump trailer without first releasing it from the load and installing an additional stop; blow off dust, sawdust, shavings, small scraps with compressed air.

Types of collective protective equipment (CPS) Vehicle maintenance 20. Before removing components and assemblies of the power supply, cooling and lubrication systems of the vehicle, when liquid leakage is possible, it is necessary to first drain the fuel, oil and coolant from them into a special container, preventing them from spilling. 21. Tank cars for the transportation of flammable, explosive, toxic, etc. cargo, as well as tanks for their storage before repair, must be completely cleaned of the remnants of the above products. 22. An employee who cleans or repairs inside a tank or tank (container) from leaded gasoline, flammable and poisonous liquids must be provided with overalls, a gas hose mask, a life belt with a safety rope; two specially instructed assistants should be outside the tank. 23. The gas mask hose must be brought out through the hatch (manhole) and fixed on the windward side. 24. Attached to the worker's belt inside the container safety rope, the free end of which must be brought out through the hatch (manhole) and securely fastened. The assistants at the top must watch the worker, hold the safety rope, insuring the worker in the tank. 25. To transfer the vehicle to the posts for checking the technical condition, maintenance and repair, including the posts for checking the brakes, a special driver (driver) or other employee appointed by order of the organization must be allocated.

Types of collective protective equipment (CPS) Vehicle maintenance 29. In the area of ​​technical maintenance and repair of the vehicle is not allowed: wipe the vehicle and wash their units with flammable liquids; store flammable liquids and combustible materials, acids, paints, calcium carbide, etc. in quantities exceeding the replacement requirement; refuel vehicles; clutter up the passages between the inspection ditches, racks and exits from the premises with materials, equipment, containers, removed units, etc.; store used oil, empty containers from fuel and lubricants. 30. Spilled oil or fuel must be immediately removed with sand or sawdust, which after use should be poured into metal boxes with lids installed outdoors. 31. Used cleaning materials should be immediately put away in metal boxes with tight lids, and at the end of the working day removed from the production facilities to specially designated areas.

1. Tires must be free of dust, dirt and ice before repair. 2. For roughening (cleaning) damaged places must be equipped with local exhaust ventilation for dust extraction, securely grounded and have an abrasive wheel drive guard. 3. Work on roughening should be carried out in goggles and with local exhaust ventilation turned on. 4. Remove the chamber from the clamp after vulcanization only after the repaired area has cooled down. 5. When cutting patches, the knife blade must be moved away from you (from the hand in which the material is clamped). 6. Gasoline and glue containers should be kept closed and opened as needed. At the workplace of the vulcanizer, it is allowed to store gasoline and glue in an amount not exceeding the shift requirement. Gasoline and glue must be at least 3 m away from the steam generator furnace. 7. It is not allowed: to use leaded gasoline for the preparation of rubber glue; Leave the vulcanizing machine unattended during operation and allow unauthorized persons to access it. Tire repair work

5. Special supports (boots) must be placed under non-lifting wheels, and a special stand (tragus) must be placed under the suspended part of the car. 6. Operations for removing, moving and setting the wheels of a truck (trailer, semi-trailer) and a bus must be mechanized. 7. Before dismantling the tire from the wheel disk, the air from the chamber must be completely released. Before mounting the tire, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the rim, bead and lock rings from dirt and rust, check their serviceability and the tire. Tire work

The dismantling of the tire must be carried out on a special stand or using a removable device. Mounting and dismounting of tires on the way must be done with a mounting tool. To inspect the inner surface of the tire, it is necessary to use a spreader (expander). To remove foreign objects from the tire, use pliers.

8. Tire inflation should be carried out in two stages: first to a pressure of 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2) with checking the position of the lock ring, and then to the pressure prescribed by the relevant instructions. 9. Inflating tires without dismantling should be done if the air pressure in them has decreased by no more than 40% of the norm. 10. When working with a pneumatic stationary lift to move large tires, it is necessary to fix the lifted tire with a locking device. Tire work

11. It is not allowed: to knock out a disk with a sledgehammer (hammer); when inflating the tire with air, correct its position on the disk by tapping; mount tires on wheel rims that do not match the tire size; manually roll wheels, rims and tires - special carts or hoists should be used for this purpose

1. The cabins and bodies removed from the vehicle for repair must be installed and securely fixed on special stands (stands) and on special mandrels. 2. Wings and other sheet steel parts should be cleaned of rust with a wire brush before straightening. 3. In the manufacture of parts and patches from sheet steel sharp corners, edges and burrs must be cleaned. 4. When cutting blanks and trimming parts large sizes on mechanical scissors and other equipment, it is necessary to use supporting devices (hinged covers, roller coasters, etc.). Body work 5. Carrying, straightening and cutting sheet metal parts must be done with gloves. 6. In the process of work, metal cuttings must be stored in specially designated places. 7. Works associated with the release of harmful fumes, as well as work on cleaning parts, must be carried out with local exhaust ventilation turned on. 8. Before repairing and soldering a container from flammable and poisonous liquids, it is necessary to process it in any way until traces of these liquids are completely removed, followed by analysis of the air in the container using a gas analyzer.

9. It is necessary to solder radiators, fuel tanks and other large parts on special stands (stands) equipped with solder drip trays. 10. Acid pickling should be carried out in an unbreakable acid-resistant container and only in a fume hood. When pickling, it is forbidden to lower a large amount of zinc into hydrochloric acid at the same time. Body work 11. To prevent contamination of the workplace, consumable solder should be stored in a metal box. 12. Each blowtorch must have a passport indicating the results of the factory hydraulic test and the permissible operating pressure, be checked for strength and tightness at least once a month and record the results in a special journal, and pass control hydraulic tests at least once a year. 13. Blowtorches must be equipped with spring-loaded safety valves adjusted to a given pressure, and lamps with a capacity of 3 liters or more - with pressure gauges. 14. Refueling and kindling of blowtorches should be carried out in specially designated places.

Washing vehicles, assemblies and parts When washing vehicles, assemblies, assemblies and parts, the following requirements must be observed: washing must be carried out in specially designated places; during mechanized washing of vehicles, the workplace of the washer should be located in a waterproof cabin; an open hose (manual) washing post should be located in an area isolated from open current-carrying conductors and live equipment; automatic conveyorless washing installations must be equipped with light signaling at the entrance; at the site (post) of washing, electrical wiring, lighting sources and electric motors must be made in a moisture-proof design with a degree of protection in accordance with the requirements of current state standards; electrical control units of the washing installation must be low-voltage (not higher than 50 V). It is allowed to supply power to magnetic starters and control buttons of washing installations with a voltage of 220 V, provided that: devices for mechanical and electrical blocking of magnetic starters when opening cabinet doors; waterproofing starting devices and wiring; grounding or zeroing of casings, cabins and equipment. When washing units, assemblies and parts of the vehicle, the following conditions must be observed: parts of engines running on leaded gasoline may only be washed after tetraethyl lead deposits have been neutralized with kerosene or other neutralizing liquids;

The concentration of alkaline solutions should be no more than 2 - 5%; after washing with an alkaline solution, rinsing with hot water is mandatory; aggregates and parts weighing more than 30 kg, carried by men, and 10 kg - by women (up to twice per hour) and 15 kg and 7 kg, respectively (constantly during the work shift), must be delivered to the washing post and loaded into washing installations mechanized. Washing baths with kerosene and other detergents provided for by the technology must be closed with lids after washing. The walls of washing baths, chambers, installations for washing parts and assemblies must have thermal insulation that limits the heating temperature of the outer walls to no more than 50 degrees. C. The level of cleaning solutions in the loaded washing tub should be 10 cm below its edges. It is not allowed: to use an open fire in the washing room with flammable liquids; use gasoline for wiping vehicles and washing parts, assemblies and assemblies.

Working with batteries K independent work for the repair and maintenance of batteries, persons are allowed not younger than 18 years old, who have the appropriate qualifications, who have passed the knowledge test on electrical safety (group III), trained in safe working methods and who have the appropriate certificates. The battery compartment should have a washbasin and soap. If acid, alkali or electrolyte gets into open parts of the body, a long (1 hour) washing with a stream of cold water, applying a dry aseptic (sterile) dressing and immediately contacting a doctor is necessary. If acid, alkali or electrolyte gets into the eyes, it is necessary to immediately rinse the eyes with a stream of running water, apply an aseptic bandage and urgently consult an ophthalmologist. Electrolyte spilled on a rack, workbench, etc. must be wiped off with a rag soaked in a percentage neutralizing solution of baking soda, and electrolyte spilled on the floor must first be sprinkled with sawdust, collected, then this place should be moistened with a neutralizing solution and wiped dry. After finishing work, wash your face and hands thoroughly with soap and take a shower.

It is not allowed: to enter the charging room with an open fire (a lit match, cigarette, etc.); use electric heaters (electric stoves, etc.) in the charger; store bottles with sulfuric acid or vessels with alkali in the premises of the battery compartment in an amount exceeding their daily requirement, as well as empty bottles and vessels (they must be stored in a special room); jointly store and charge acid and alkaline batteries in the same room; stay of people in the room for charging batteries, except for the attendants; prepare electrolyte in glassware, except industrial installations made of chemically resistant glass; pour acid manually, as well as pour water into acid; take caustic potassium with your hands, it should be taken with steel tongs, tweezers or a metal spoon; check the battery for a short circuit; store food and eat in the battery compartment.

Welding work In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 N 163 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 10, Art. 1131), persons under the age of 18 who have the appropriate qualifications and have passed the test are allowed to independently perform electric and gas welding work knowledge of electrical safety, trained in safe working methods and having the appropriate certificates. It is not allowed: to perform welding work on vessels and apparatus under pressure; perform welding or cutting of metal in rooms where flammable, combustible liquids and materials are located; ignite gas in a gas burner by touching a hot part. Do not allow oil to get on the oxygen hoses and gas burner. Before starting work with the acetylene gas generator, as well as during the shift, check the serviceability of the water seal and the water level in it and, if necessary, add water. When working with an acetylene gas generator, it is not allowed to: load calcium carbide of lesser granulation into the gas generator loading devices than indicated in the gas generator passport; smoking, approaching with an open flame or using it near the gas generator; connect acetylene hoses with a copper tube; work for two welders from one water lock; drain sludge into the sewer or scatter it over the territory; store calcium carbide in the room where the acetylene generator is installed in an amount exceeding the daily requirement, as well as in basements and low flooded places.

It is not allowed to: use reducers and cylinders with oxygen, on the fittings of which at least traces of oil are found, as well as oily hoses; use for oxygen supply reducers, hoses previously used for working with other gases; use faulty, unsealed or expired pressure gauges on gearboxes; take oxygen to a residual gas pressure of less than 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2); allow contact of cylinders, as well as hoses with current-carrying wires; be opposite the fitting when purging the cylinder valve; carry out work on gas cutting and welding indoors when the ventilation is not turned on or is faulty; perform work on gas cutting, welding, as well as perform any work with open fire at a distance of less than: 10 m - from group gas-balloon installations, an acetylene generator; 5 m - from separate cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases; 3 m - from gas pipelines; remove the cap from a cylinder filled with acetylene or other flammable gas, using a tool that can cause sparks. If the cap does not turn away, the cylinder must be returned to the plant (workshop) - filler; carry balloons by hand. Transportation of cylinders is allowed on special trolleys with reliable fastening of cylinders; repair gas burners, cutters and other welding equipment by workers who do not have a permit;

Use any gaskets to seal the gearbox, except those permitted by the developer; repair gas equipment and tighten the bolts of connections under pressure; place cylinders filled with gas at a distance of less than 1 m from heating devices and steam pipelines; hold the cut piece of metal with your hands. Electric welders who have undergone special training may be assigned, in accordance with the established procedure, a qualification group for electrical safety III and above with the right to connect and disconnect electric welding installations. It is not allowed: to repair electric welding installations under voltage; work without shields with glass-light filters to protect the eyes and face; work as an auxiliary worker during electric welding without protective glasses; leave the electric welding installation switched on after the end of work or during the temporary absence of the electric welder from the workplace; store flammable and combustible liquids, materials in the welding areas; use pipes, rails and similar random metal objects as a return wire; install a welding transformer on top of the throttle; use wires with damaged insulation; use homemade electrode holders; connect electrical wires with a twist. When performing welding work on containers and metal structures, the employer is obliged to provide employees with dielectric galoshes, gloves, and a helmet. When working lying down, it is necessary to use a dielectric carpet. When carrying out welding work in places inaccessible directly from the ground, ladders - ladders or scaffolds should be used.

Operation of vehicles Movement on the territory of the organization, preparation for departure and work on the line Before starting the engine of the vehicle, make sure that the vehicle is braked by the parking brake, and the gearshift lever (controller) is in the neutral position. When starting the ATC engine with the starting handle, the following requirements must be observed: turn the starting handle from the bottom up; do not take the handle in the girth; at manual adjustment set the ignition advance to the later ignition; do not use any levers and amplifiers acting on the crank or crankshaft ratchet. Only drivers or employees appointed by order of the organization who have a certificate for the right to drive the corresponding type of automatic telephone exchange are allowed to drive the automatic telephone exchange on the territory of the organization. The speed of movement of the vehicle on the territory should not exceed 20 km / h, and indoors - 5 km / h, and on the sites for checking the brakes - 40 km / h. The employer is obliged to release on the line technically sound automatic telephone exchanges, equipped with signatures in the waybill of the employee responsible for the release of automatic telephone exchanges on the line, and the driver.

The employer is obliged to inform the driver before leaving about the working conditions on the line and the features of the cargo being transported, and when sending the driver on a trip lasting more than 1 day, check that the vehicle is equipped with additional devices, equipment and inventory in accordance with paragraph of these Rules and their serviceability. When sending a driver on a long trip, the employer, in addition to a business trip and a waybill, is obliged to establish a time schedule for the driver for the movement and parking of the vehicle, based on the norms of the relevant regulatory legal acts. The schedule should indicate the time for short-term rest, time for rest and meals, places to stay for the night. Every driver performing urban, suburban, intercity bus routes, must be provided with a schedule (schedule) of movement on the route indicating the time of passage of stops, settlements and other landmarks, a route diagram indicating dangerous sections. The employer does not have the right: to force the driver to go to the automatic telephone exchange if his technical condition and additional equipment do not comply with the requirements of these Rules and other applicable regulatory legal acts; send the driver on a flight if he did not have a rest before departure, provided for by the current regulatory legal acts. When sending two or more ATS drivers to work together for a period of more than two days, the employer is obliged by order to appoint an employee responsible for labor protection. Compliance with the requirements of this employee is mandatory for all drivers of this group of vehicles.

It is not allowed: transportation of people on flatbed platforms; on cargo placed at the level or above the side of the body; on a long load and next to it; on tanks, trailers and semi-trailers of all types; in the back of a dump truck; in the back of specialized trucks (refrigerators, etc.); presence in the car of persons during its movement on the territory of the organization (during running-in, testing, rearrangement, etc.) that are not directly related to this; the movement of the vehicle when people are on the steps, fenders, bumpers, as well as on the sides; jump out of the cab or body of the vehicle on the go; rest or sleep in the cockpit, saloon or closed box PBX in the parking lot with the engine running; stand in the back of a moving truck.

When stopping the vehicle, the driver, leaving the cab, must protect it from spontaneous movement - turn off the ignition or stop the fuel supply, set the gear lever (controller) to the neutral position, brake with the parking brake. If the vehicle stands even on a slight slope, it is necessary to additionally put special stops (shoes) under the wheels. Leaving the cab of the PBX carriageway road, the driver must first make sure that there is no traffic in both the passing and opposite directions. When working on road trains, the coupling of a road train consisting of a car and trailers must be carried out by three people - a driver, a worker-coupler and an employee coordinating their work. In this case, the driver brings the car back at low speed, strictly following the commands of the coordinating worker. In exceptional cases (long-distance flights, transportation of agricultural products from the fields, etc.), the coupling is allowed to be carried out by one driver. In this case, he must: brake the trailer with a parking brake; check the condition of the towing device; put special stops (shoes) under the wheels of the trailer; make a hitch, including connecting the hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems of the vehicle and trailers, as well as fastening safety ropes (chains) on trailers that do not have automatic devices. Coupling and uncoupling of vehicles is carried out only on a flat horizontal platform with a hard surface. The longitudinal axes of the vehicle-tractor and semi-trailer must be located in one straight line. Connecting hoses and electrical wires of the vehicle and trailers must be suspended by means of a release spring on the hook of the front side of the semi-trailer so that they do not interfere with the hitch.

Places for unloading dump trucks near slopes, ravines, etc. must be equipped with wheel breaker bars. If the wheel breaking bar is not installed, then the minimum distance that the vehicle can drive up to the slope for unloading is determined from the specific conditions and the angle of repose of the soil, which is stipulated in the work contract and brought to the attention of the driver. When repairing an automatic telephone exchange on the line, the driver is obliged to comply with the safety regulations established for the repair and maintenance of the vehicle. When the vehicle is forced to stop on the side of the road or at the edge of the carriageway for repairs, the driver must put up an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of m behind the vehicle. It is not allowed: to submit the vehicle to the loading and unloading rack, if it does not have fences and a wheel-breaking bar; movement of a dump truck with a raised body; allow unauthorized persons (accompanying, passengers, etc.) to repair the automatic telephone exchange on the line; place a jack on random objects; perform any work while under the PBX, hung out only on a jack, without installing a tragus; use random objects - stones, bricks, etc. as a stand for the posted automatic telephone exchange; performance of any work on the maintenance and repair of automatic telephone exchanges at a distance closer than 5 m from the area of ​​operation of loading and unloading mechanisms; the coupler, when the car is brought to the trailer, be between them; carry out any repair work under the bus on the line for city bus drivers if there is a technical assistance service in the organization.

Loading, unloading and transportation of goods Loading and unloading of goods, securing them and awnings on the vehicle, as well as opening and closing the sides of the car, semi-trailers and trailers are carried out by the forces and means of consignors, consignees or specialized organizations (bases, columns of mechanization of loading and unloading operations, etc. .) in compliance with the requirements of these Rules and other applicable regulatory legal acts and state standards. Loading- unloading work can be performed by drivers only if they have passed the target briefing. Loading and unloading operations must be carried out under the guidance of a responsible employee appointed by order of the head of the organization performing loading and unloading operations. The driver is obliged to check the compliance of the stowage and the reliability of the fastening of goods and awnings on the rolling stock with the requirements for the safety of transportation and ensuring the safety of goods, and in case of detection of violations in the stowage and fastening of cargo and awnings - to require the employee responsible for loading operations to eliminate them. Loading and unloading operations are carried out, as a rule, mechanized using cranes, forklifts and other lifting equipment, and in case of small volumes - by means of small mechanization. For loading (unloading) goods weighing more than 30 kg, as well as when lifting goods to a height of more than 1.5 m, mechanization must be used. When moving goods on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 30 kg per loader. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to manually load (unload) a cargo weighing 60 kg (one piece) by two loaders.

To perform loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods, lifting and transport equipment is used, which must meet the safety requirements when performing these works. Handling equipment must be kept in full technical serviceability and meet the requirements of fire safety and the rules of Gosgortekhnadzor with confirmation of the lifting capacity of cranes, winches and other lifting mechanisms with relevant documents, and must also have a reliable fence to protect goods from falling. Winches for lifting loads and devices for changing the reach of the boom of hoisting machines, as a rule, must be equipped with two brakes, and if there is one brake, the load on the winch should not exceed 75 percent. from its rated load capacity. Electric motors used on hoisting machines permanently employed in work with dangerous goods must be made in an explosion-proof design. Requirements for mechanized loading and unloading operations

Loading, transporting and unloading goods Semi-trailers should be loaded from the front (to avoid tipping) and unloaded from the rear. Dangerous goods and empty containers from under them are accepted for transportation and are transported in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory legal acts. In the production of loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods, a targeted briefing must be carried out before the start of work. The briefing program should include information about the properties of dangerous goods, rules safe work with them, first aid measures. Dangerous goods are accepted for transportation in special sealed containers. Sealing containers with dangerous goods is mandatory. Not rendered harmless, empty containers from under dangerous goods must be sealed. All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.

Loading, transportation and unloading of cargoes It is not allowed to: perform loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods if the container is found to be defective, as well as in the absence of marking and warning labels on it; joint transport of hazardous substances and foodstuffs or feed cargoes; joint transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders, except for the cases of transportation of two cylinders on a special trolley to the workplace; carry cylinders without a stretcher, throw them, roll them, carry them on the shoulders, holding them by the safety cap; smoking and use of open fire when loading, unloading and transporting explosive cargo; lower the load on the vehicle, as well as lift the load when people are in the back or cab; use other objects instead of wooden wedges for wedging the load; carrying rolled-drum loads on the back (shoulder) regardless of their weight; to be in front of rolled-drum loads or behind loads rolled along the tracks; roll loads on a horizontal plane, pushing them over the edges; to load hot cargoes into wooden bodies; transport goods with ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle; block the driver's cabin doors with cargo; load long loads above the bunk racks; fasten a long load or conics, standing on it; place the load in a glass container on top of each other (in two rows) without appropriate spacers that protect the lower row from breaking during movement.

Storage of motor vehicles ATS is allowed to be stored in heated and unheated premises, under sheds and in specially designated open areas. PBXs that require repair should be stored separately from serviceable ones. Production, auxiliary and sanitary facilities must meet the requirements of current building codes and regulations and other regulations. Premises for maintenance, repair and checking the technical condition of motor vehicles and their units fire alarm. The microclimate, dust, gas pollution, noise, vibration at workplaces should not exceed the norms established by the current sanitary and hygienic standards, state standards.

Storage of vehicles Departures and entrances Folding gates of industrial premises should open outward, and for entry into the territory of the organization and exit from it - inward. Departure (entrance) of the automatic telephone exchange from the basement or basement floors of the building through the first floor is not allowed (it is allowed only through separate external gates). Premises for the storage of motor vehicles Premises for the storage of vehicles must comply with the requirements of the current regulations. Territory The territory of the organization must be protected and kept clean and tidy. Garbage, industrial waste, unusable spare parts, etc. must be promptly removed to designated areas. The territory of the organization must be equipped with drainage systems and drains. Drainage hatches and other underground structures must be in the closed position. During the production of repair, excavation and other works on the territory of the organization, open hatches, trenches and pits must be fenced. At the places of transition through the trenches, transitional bridges with a width of at least 1 m with a railing with a height of at least 1.1 m are installed.

Training and education on labor protection, checking the knowledge of employees The professional selection of employees, which provides for the establishment of professional and psycho-physiological suitability for work, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory legal acts. The employer is obliged, together with the relevant trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees, to draw up a list of positions and professions of employees that, in without fail must undergo preliminary (upon employment) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations, and coordinate it with the local bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, ensure that employees undergo medical examinations in accordance with the relevant regulatory legal documents. If an employee evades medical examinations or fails to comply with the recommendations based on the results of the examinations, the employee is not allowed to perform work duties. The employer is obliged to ensure timely and high-quality training and instruction of employees in safe methods and methods of work according to the approved program in accordance with current state standards and other regulations.

Briefing by its nature and timing is divided into: introductory; primary in the workplace; repeated; unscheduled; target. An introductory briefing is carried out by an employee for labor protection or an employee appointed for this purpose from among the specialists of the organization, with all newly hired, regardless of their education, length of service in this profession or position, as well as with business travelers, students, students who arrived for apprenticeship or internship. An introductory briefing is carried out in the labor protection office using modern technical training and propaganda tools, as well as visual aids (posters, field exhibits, models, models, films, filmstrips, transparencies). Introductory briefing is carried out according to a program developed taking into account the requirements of state standards, rules, norms and instructions for labor protection, as well as all the features of production, approved by the head of the organization and the relevant elected trade union body. The introductory briefing is recorded in a special journal. Initial briefing at the workplace is carried out with all newly hired employees, employees transferred from one unit to another, business travelers, students, students who have arrived for industrial training or practice, with employees performing new work for them, as well as employees, performing construction and installation work on the territory of the organization. Training and education on labor protection, checking the knowledge of employees

Conducting primary, repeated and unscheduled briefings is recorded in a special journal with the obligatory signature of the instructed and instructing, the permit for admission to work is also indicated in the journal. When registering an unscheduled briefing, the reason that caused it to be held must also be indicated. The journal is kept by the immediate supervisor of the work. At the end of the magazine, he surrenders to the labor protection service and starts a new one. Primary briefing at the workplace is carried out individually with each employee with a practical demonstration of safe labor practices and methods in accordance with labor protection instructions developed for individual professions and types of work, taking into account the requirements of the standards. Primary briefing at the workplace is not carried out with employees not related to maintenance, testing, adjustment, repair of rolling stock and equipment, use of tools, storage of raw materials and materials. The list of professions of workers exempted from primary briefing at the workplace is approved by the head of the organization in agreement with the trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees. Re-briefing is carried out in order to consolidate knowledge of safe methods and work techniques according to the program of primary briefing at the workplace. In connection with the classification of motor vehicles as means of increased danger, all employees, regardless of their qualifications, education and work experience, are re-instructed at least once every 3 months, with the exception of employees. Unscheduled briefing is carried out in the following cases: when the rules on labor protection are changed; when changing the technological process, replacing or upgrading equipment, fixtures, tools, raw materials, materials and other factors affecting labor safety; Training and education on labor protection, checking the knowledge of employees

In case of violation by the employee of labor safety requirements, which can lead or has led to injury, accident, explosion or fire, poisoning; during breaks in work: - for 30 calendar days or more - for work that is subject to additional (increased) labor safety requirements; - 60 days or more - for other works. The scope and content of the briefing is determined in each specific case, depending on the reasons and circumstances that necessitated it. Primary at the workplace, repeated and unscheduled briefings are carried out by the immediate supervisor of the work, and repeated and unscheduled - individually or with a group of workers of the same profession. The logs for registration of briefings at the workplace must be numbered, laced, sealed and issued to the heads of departments against receipt. Targeted briefing is carried out when performing: one-time work not related to direct duties in the specialty (loading, unloading, cleaning the territory, etc.); elimination of consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes; the production of works for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued; conducting excursions in the organization; Training and education on labor protection, checking the knowledge of employees

In case of violation by the employee of labor safety requirements, which can lead or has led to injury, accident, explosion or fire, poisoning; during breaks in work: - for 30 calendar days or more - for work that is subject to additional (increased) labor safety requirements; - 60 days or more - for other works. The scope and content of the briefing is determined in each specific case, depending on the reasons and circumstances that necessitated it. Primary at the workplace, repeated and unscheduled briefings are carried out by the immediate supervisor of the work, and repeated and unscheduled - individually or with a group of workers of the same profession.

TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR STRUCTURE FOR TRAFFIC SAFETY INTRODUCTION INSTRUCTIONS contain information for drivers: about the peculiarities of the working conditions of the enterprise; established transportation routes; features of loading - unloading of transported goods; issues of organization and implementation of measures for traffic safety with the driver's staff. PRE-TRIP BRIEFING (detailed notice) includes information on: traffic conditions and the presence of dangerous sections on traffic routes; the state of road and weather conditions, the order of passage of railway crossings, overpasses, crowded places; For drivers of long distance routes, the briefing additionally contains information on: driving mode; organization of rest and meals; order of parking and protection of vehicles; driver's work and rest schedule.

PERIODIC INSTRUCTION is carried out, as a rule, on a monthly basis and contains information about: new regulatory legal documents of the Russian Federation, orders, orders regulating the rights, duties and responsibilities of drivers; actions of the driver in the event of critical situations, including various failures of vehicle systems (brake system, steering, chassis, tires, etc.) actions of the driver to reduce the severity of the consequences of an accident; implementation of anti-theft and fire prevention measures. SEASONAL INSTRUCTION is held 2 times a year, before the onset of the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods and contains information: about the features safe management car conditions of ice, snowfall, rain. Fog, in conditions insufficient visibility and so on.; on the increase in traffic and pedestrian flows; on traffic safety measures during the school holidays; about precautionary measures when overcoming long descents and ascents in difficult road and climatic conditions; on the analysis of typical traffic accidents in difficult meteorological conditions. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION is carried out in the following cases: sudden change in the transportation route; changes in the nature of the cargo being transported; receipt of operational information about natural disasters, environmental disasters, accidents in the area of ​​transportation routes of the organization; temporary suspension of traffic on the route; direction of the driver on a business trip.

Local documents on the organization of road safety Order on the appointment of responsible persons for the safe operation of vehicles. Order on the appointment of responsible persons for the technical condition of vehicles. Protocols of certification of persons responsible for the safe operation and technical condition of vehicles. Order on the training of employees involved in the operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles in safe working methods and techniques. Order on the appointment of a commission to test the knowledge of safe methods and labor practices for employees involved in the operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles. Protocols for checking the knowledge of safe methods and labor practices of employees involved in the operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles. Driving licenses. Schedules of preventive inspections and maintenance of vehicles. Waybill. Journal of the issuance of waybills. Journal of the technical condition and release to the line of vehicles. Order on the appointment of a person responsible for the release of the car on the line. Journal of pre-trip medical examination of drivers. Regulations on the organization of pre-trip medical examinations of motor vehicle drivers.

Register of introductory briefing for drivers Register of pre-trip, periodic, seasonal and special briefings conducted with the driver's staff of an enterprise, organization Road accident log Log of pre-trip and post-trip medical examinations Log of traffic violations Car return log technical faults Tire pressure check log Log for registration of sealing of speedometer equipment Log for temporary permits for the right to drive a car Personal card of the driver Probation sheet for the driver of the vehicle Log for issuing waybills Log for checking CO, SN List of drivers with processing

Safety requirements and main measures to reduce the harmful effects on environment during the operation, maintenance, repair and storage of vehicles.

Introductory and on-the-job training. Repeated and unscheduled briefing.

Control methods and norms for the content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of cars with gasoline engines and the opacity of exhaust gases of cars with diesel engines.

Responsibility for environmental pollution.

Requirements for drivers to observe personal hygiene and industrial sanitation rules.

The procedure for registration of accidents at work.

Safety in road transport.

The operation of vehicles requires compliance with certain rules and regulations that exclude cases of industrial injuries and ensure the health of drivers and persons involved in the use, maintenance and repair of vehicles.

In our country, occupational health and safety is given great attention in all branches of the national economy, in the Armed Forces. Drivers of cars must know the requirements of safety regulations and strictly follow them in practice.

When working in parks, the following safety precautions must be observed:

before starting the engine, the car is braked with a parking brake, and the gear lever is set to neutral;

maintenance and repair of machines is carried out only when the engine is not running;

it is forbidden to carry out work on vehicles with removed wheels and hung out on jacks and hoists (in this case, the car is installed on stands or goats, and pads or stops are placed under the wheels that have not been removed);

personnel in the park move only along the sidewalks;

the movement of vehicles on the territory of the park should be carried out at a speed of no more than 10 km / h, and in industrial premises - 5 km / h;

long-term operation of the engine in the covered areas of the park is not allowed.

Certain safety requirements are also imposed on the technical condition of vehicles. Wind and side windows cabins must be solid and provide good visibility Through them. Door windows should be smoothly raised and lowered by power windows. The windshield wiper must be in good working order, it is good to clean the windshields. The exhaust pipes of the engine must not let harmful gases into the cab to the engine compartment. Cabin door locks and side locks cargo platform must prevent accidental opening. It is not allowed to leak water, oil, fuel in the engine and its systems.

Steering should provide ease and reliability of driving at all speeds and in all road conditions. The free play of the steering wheel must be no more than the established norm.

The braking system must ensure that the car stops in accordance with the Rules of the Road and that all wheels start to brake simultaneously.

Tires are allowed for operation in the absence of through gusts and cracks, if the tread pattern is not completely worn out and the pressure in them corresponds to the norm. Do not use tires that do not match the size of the wheel rims. Disks and rims that have bent and drilled holes for studs are not allowed for use. The lock rings must be securely held in the grooves.

Electrical devices must work reliably in all modes, especially lighting and signaling devices. Sparking in wires and terminals is not allowed. Cars with faulty lighting, brake lights, rear lights are not allowed to operate. The vehicle must be fitted with a rearview mirror.

The cargo platform of the car should not have broken bars and boards.

The trailer is attached to the car with a rigid drawbar to the towing device, which makes it possible to freely rotate the drawbar. In the coupling of the car with the trailer, there must be an additional cable or chain, excluding the separation of the trailer.

Vehicles intended for the carriage of flammable goods must have at least two thick foam fire extinguishers. Tank trucks and fuel trucks must also have metal grounding circuits, and their exhaust pipes must be brought forward on the right side of the stroke with the outlet sloped downwards. Hatches and taps must be in good condition and not have leaks.

Onboard vehicles carrying flammable, flammable and explosive goods in a container must be equipped with a silencer pipe brought forward to the right along the course with the hole sloped down, and two fire extinguishers.

On vehicles carrying flammable goods,

be the inscription "Flammable".

All work on the maintenance and repair of the car should be carried out at specially equipped posts.

When installing the car at the service station, brake it with a parking brake, turn off the ignition, turn on a low gear in the gearbox and put at least two stops under the wheels.

Before performing control and adjustment operations on an idle engine (checking the operation of the generator, adjusting the carburetor, relay-regulator, etc.), check and fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, remove the hanging ends of the clothing, tuck the hair under the headgear, while working while sitting on fender or buffer of the machine.

A sign is posted on the steering wheel "Keep out - people are working." When removing components and parts that require great physical effort, it is necessary to use devices (pullers). During work related to turning the engine crankshaft, it is necessary to additionally check the ignition off, and set the gearbox lever to the neutral position. When starting the engine manually, you should beware of kickbacks and use the correct grip on the starting handle (do not grab the handle, turn it from the bottom up). When using the heater, special attention is paid to its serviceability, the absence of gasoline leaks; the operating heater must not be left unattended. The heater fuel tank cock is opened only during its operation, for summer period fuel is drained from the tank.

Do not service the transmission while the engine is running. When servicing the transmission outside the inspection ditch or overpass, it is necessary to use sunbeds (bedding). When working on turning the cardan shafts, you must additionally make sure that the ignition is turned off, put the gear lever in the neutral position and release the parking brake. After completing the work, re-apply the parking brake and engage a low gear in the gearbox.

At. Removing and setting up the springs, you must first unload them by raising the frame and installing it on the goats. When removing the wheels, you should also put the car on the goats, and place stops under the unremoved wheels. It is prohibited to carry out any work on a vehicle hung only on lifting mechanisms (jacks, hoists, etc.). Wheel disks, bricks, stones and other foreign objects must not be placed under the suspended vehicle.

The tool used in the maintenance and repair of the car must be in good working order. Hammers and files should have well-fitted wooden handles. Unscrewing and tightening nuts should be done only with serviceable wrenches of the appropriate size.

After completing all the work before starting the engine and start? removing the machine from the place, you need to make sure that all the people who took part in the work are at a safe distance, and the equipment and tools are removed in their places.

Checking and testing on the go of the steering and braking systems must be carried out on an equipped site. The presence of unauthorized persons during the check of the car on the move, as well as the placement of persons participating in the check on the steps, fenders is prohibited.

When working on inspection ditches and lifting devices, the following requirements must be met:

when placing the machine on the inspection ditch (overpass), drive the machine at low speed and monitor the correct position of the wheels relative to the guide flanges of the inspection ditch;

placed on the inspection ditch or lifting device the machine should be braked with a parking brake and set stops under the wheels;

portable lamps in the inspection ditch can only be used with a voltage not exceeding 12 V;

do not smoke or light open flames under the car; do not put tools and parts on the frame, steps and other places from where they can fall on workers;

before leaving the ditch (overpass), make sure that there are no people, unremoved tools or equipment by the submachine;

you should beware of poisoning by exhaust gases and fuel vapors accumulating in the inspection ditches.

When working with gasoline, you must follow the rules for handling it. Gasoline is a flammable liquid that causes irritation on contact with the skin, dissolves paint well. Care should be taken when handling gasoline containers, as its vapors remaining in the container are highly flammable. Particular care should be taken when working with leaded gasoline, which contains a potent substance - tetraethyl lead, which causes severe poisoning of the body. Do not use leaded gasoline for washing hands, parts, cleaning clothes. It is forbidden to suck up gasoline and blow out pipelines and other devices of the fuel system by mouth. It is possible to store and transport gasoline only in closed containers with the inscription "Leaded gasoline is poisonous." Use sawdust, sand, bleach, or warm water to clean up spilled gasoline. Skin areas doused with gasoline are immediately washed with kerosene, and then with warm water and soap. Before eating, be sure to wash your hands.

Special care must be taken when handling antifreeze. This liquid contains a potent poison - ethylene glycol, the ingestion of which leads to severe poisoning. The container in which antifreeze is stored and transported must have the inscription " %%" and be sealed. It is strictly forbidden to pour low-freezing liquids with a hose by suction by mouth. Filling the car with antifreeze is done directly into the cooling system. Wash your hands thoroughly after servicing a cooling system filled with antifreeze. In case of accidental ingestion of antifreeze into the body, the victim must be immediately taken to a medical center for assistance.

Brake fluids and their vapors can also cause poisoning if ingested, so all precautions must be taken when handling these fluids, and hands should be thoroughly washed after handling them.

Acids are stored and transported in glass bottles with ground stoppers. The bottles are installed in soft wicker baskets with wood shavings. When carrying bottles, stretchers and carts are used. Acids on contact with skin cause severe burns and destroy clothing. If acid gets on the skin, quickly wipe this part of the body and rinse with a strong stream of water.

Solvents and paints cause irritation and burns when in contact with the skin, and their vapors can cause poisoning if inhaled. Car painting should be done in a well ventilated area. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water after handling acids, paints and solvents.

Exhaust gases leaving the engine contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other substances that can cause severe poisoning and even death. Drivers should always remember this and take measures to prevent exhaust gas poisoning.

The engine power system devices must be properly adjusted. Periodically check the tightness of the exhaust pipe fastening nuts. When performing inspection and adjustment work related to the need to start the engine in a closed room, it is necessary to ensure the removal of gases from the muffler; performance of these works in rooms not equipped with ventilation is prohibited.

It is strictly forbidden to sleep in the cab of the car with the engine running, in such cases, exhaust gases leaking into the cab often lead to fatal poisoning.

When working with a power tool, it is necessary to check the serviceability and availability of protective grounding. The voltage of portable lighting used in the maintenance and repair of vehicles should be no more than 12 V. While working * with a tool powered by a voltage of 127-220 V, wear protective gloves and use a rubber mat or dry wooden platform. When leaving the workplace, even for a short time, the tool must be switched off. In the event of any malfunction of the power tool, grounding device or socket outlet, work must be stopped.

When performing loading and unloading operations and during the transportation of goods, all persons, including drivers, must comply with safety regulations. The car under loading must be reliably braked, the driver must not leave the place of loading or unloading. When loading bulk cargo, there should be no people in the body. If the vehicle is being loaded by an excavator, the driver must tilt the vehicle so that the excavator bucket does not pass over the cab. When loading from the bunker, drive up to it in reverse so that the center of the body is located under the bunker. It is forbidden to carry out repair work and maintenance of the vehicle during loading and unloading operations.

When transporting goods in boxes, containers, pallets, it must be remembered that when transporting bulky goods, the center of gravity of the car increases, so you need to drive the car and brake smoothly, reduce the speed when cornering. It is prohibited to transport personnel together with goods in the body.

When mounting and dismantling tires, the following rules must be observed:

mounting and dismantling of tires should be carried out on stands or a clean floor (platform), and in the field - on a spread tarpaulin or other bedding;

before dismantling the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the chamber must be completely released, the dismantling of the tire adhering to the rim must be carried out on a special tire dismantling stand;

it is prohibited to mount tires on faulty wheel rims, as well as to use tires that do not match the size of the wheel rim;

when inflating a tire, it is necessary to use a special guard or safety devices; when performing this operation in the field, it is necessary to put the wheel with the lock ring down.

The driver must know the causes and rules for extinguishing a fire in the park and in the car. It is necessary to monitor the serviceability of electrical equipment and the absence of fuel leakage. If the car catches fire, it should be immediately removed from the parking lot and measures should be taken to extinguish the flame. To extinguish a fire, use a thick foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, sand, or cover the fire with a dense cloth. In the event of a fire, regardless of the measures taken, the fire brigade must be called.

Maintenance and repair of the car during the warranty period must be carried out only at service stations (SRT) with a mandatory mark on the work in the service book coupons. To keep the car in good condition for a long time, we recommend that complex maintenance work be carried out at the service station even after the end of the warranty period . Car maintenance works are combined into three conditional groups: daily maintenance (EO), first maintenance (TO-1) and second maintenance (TO-2). Currently, such a technological scheme is not used at branded service stations: service in different volumes is carried out after a certain mileage or after a certain time. These works are combined into three conditional groups according to the degree of labor intensity and frequency of implementation for the convenience of choosing the timing and technical capabilities of execution.

Safety regulations

• 1. Any work on the repair or maintenance of the car must be carried out in a spacious, well-ventilated and lit room.
• 2. The equipment of the workshop (lifting mechanisms, machine tools, power tools) must be specially adapted to carry out repair operations with the car (for example, to power portable lighting fixtures it is advisable to use sources low voltage- 36 or 12V, not 220V).
• 3. Do not smoke or use an open flame in the room where the car, fuels and lubricants, etc. are located.
• 4. When working with a metalwork tool, use gloves, they will protect your hands not only from dirt, but also from scratches and cuts.
• 5. Carry out any work from the bottom of the car with goggles.
• 6. When carrying out body repair(puttying, painting, grinding) put on a respirator and provide additional ventilation of the room.
• 7. Work related to the removal or installation of heavy components and assemblies of the car, perform with an assistant.
• 8. Tanks with fuel and lubricants and paintwork materials stored in the workshop must always be tightly closed. Keep such materials away from sparks when using metal cutting tools.
• 9. Do not allow oils (especially used ones), antifreeze and electrolyte to come into contact with exposed skin. In case of contact, wash off as soon as possible with soapy water.
• 10. Do not use gasoline, diesel fuel, solvents and other similar materials for cleaning the skin of the hands.
• 11. Remember that improper maintenance of electrical equipment and fuel equipment may cause a fire. If you are not sure of your knowledge of the maintenance of these systems, it is better to contact specialists. If you still decide to do the work yourself, then strictly follow all the available recommendations and warnings.
• 12. Take special care when repairing vehicles equipped with airbags or seat belt pretensioners. Do not attempt to repair the components of these systems yourself (electronic control unit and airbag modules, steering wheel, shock sensors, belt pretensioners, etc.), as incorrect execution

work may cause these devices to operate, resulting in serious injury.

• 13. Before carrying out any work in the area where these devices are located, carefully study all recommendations and warnings.
• 14. Tools and equipment used in car repair must be in good condition. Particular attention must be paid to the condition of the insulation of electrical wires.
• 15. When servicing cars equipped with an air conditioning system, do not allow the system to depressurize, as the refrigerant contained in it is poisonous.
• 16. To safely lift the car with a jack, do the following:
  • Place the vehicle on a level, firm surface
  • · Before lifting, free the vehicle from foreign objects. Remove everything necessary for repairs (spare parts, tools) from the trunk in advance, as access to a raised car may be difficult or impossible.
  • · Install the jack only under those places that are intended for this. The power elements of the body in these places are specially thickened and have increased strength.
  • · Enclose wheel chocks under the wheels of the car from the side opposite to the one being raised.
  • · Place a board (20x20x2 cm) under the jack to prevent the jack from sinking and being pressed into the ground.
  • · During installation, the jack must be perpendicular to the supporting surface.
  • · Before jacking up the vehicle to the required height, carefully check once again that it has not tilted to either side.

Supports should be installed only under places specially designed for lifting the car. Between the support and the car body, place a rubber or wooden gasket.

· Install the tripod support so that two of its legs are on the side of the car body, and one is on the outside.

When using a lift to lift a vehicle, observe the following safety requirements:

• 1. When lifting and lowering the car, it is forbidden to be near it in order to avoid an accident.
• 2. If there is a danger of the car falling, immediately leave the danger area.
• 3. Correctly position the vehicle's center of gravity on the lift to prevent it from falling.
• 4. Take care of your feet so that when lowering the car, do not press them with the paws of the lift or wheels.
• 5. Do not apply excessive force to the lift controls.
• 6. Only qualified personnel should operate the lift.
• 7. Avoid excessive rocking of the vehicle on the lift.
• 8. Install the legs of the lift only under those places that are intended for this. The power elements of the body in these places are specially thickened and have increased strength.
• 9. When removing heavy components and assemblies from a car mounted on a lift, substitute additional supports.