Automotive constructors famous brands continue to design new cars, including with new types of bodies. Appearing, more and more every year. Back in the early 1990s, various kinds the body was an order of magnitude smaller. This suggests that every year it becomes more and more difficult to distinguish between different types of vehicles. Moreover, new car designs are most often designed according to the type of combination of previous models. As a result, similar, but fundamentally different machines are born.
Moreover, the body type affects the price of the final product, and the ease of use in everyday life. To date, there are approximately 15 various types body. Agree, few people will be able to name all the options by name, and immediately tell about the positive and negative sides one of them.
Classification of car bodies
To begin with, let's understand the concept of "Body", for a further accurate understanding of the topic:The body is a structural element of the car, which determines the size, type and ability of the car to carry goods and passengers. There are two common ways of making a body. In the first variant, the car body is attached to carrier frame, on which all the main units and transmission with undercarriage. In the second option, frameless load-bearing bodies are used, reinforced in certain places, and at the same time performing the functions of a frame.
IN modern world, car bodies classified according to several parameters:
Appointment;
Design;
layout;
Cargo capacity.
It should be noted that modern passenger cars most often use frameless and semi-framed bodies.
According to their design, car bodies can be divided into three classes:
One-volume - These are cars structurally designed in such a way that passengers are accommodated in one space. Cargo and power unit.
Two-volume - A car design in which the power unit is located under the hood of the car with its own separate space, but passengers and cargo are placed in the same cabin.
Three-volume - This is a car design that is used in modern sedans. In which the power unit, passengers and cargo are placed in different compartments of the body. 
Also, the bodies differ in the degree of loading:
Bearing - a car body that carries the entire mass of the car and the weight of passengers with cargo;
Semi-supporting - the total load of a fully equipped car is distributed between the frame and the body;
Unloaded - a type of body structure in which it is affected by the weight of only passengers and cargo.
As already mentioned, there are about 15 types of passenger cars. Which we will look at later in the article.
Three-volume bodies
According to many motorists, it is given type bodies is the most classic type of car in their understanding. That is, the most prominent representative this class is a regular sedan. The main features of which are clearly eye-catching hood and trunk.Sedan
This type body used by most brands automotive manufacturers. The classic look of the car always remains popular among buyers. And also, sedans remain the main body type for luxury cars.The main features of the sedan are a pronounced hood, a separate luggage compartment, four doors and two rows of seats. Also, among premium sedans, an elongated base has become widespread, which allows increasing space in the car for rear passengers.
coupe
The main difference from the classic sedan is a more squat and streamlined look, giving the car a sporty look. Most often, options are available that have only two doors. But they can double or five-seater.But this type of car has significant disadvantage- this is a lack of space for people sitting in the back seat, due to the more sloping shape of the roof.
Cabriolet
At its core, the same coupe, but with an awning or hardtop that can fold behind the rear seats or take up part of the luggage space. This type of car is open, and is very popular in warm countries.
Roadster
This is one of the types of convertibles, but with a tented folding roof and only two seats for the driver and passenger.
Brougham
It also belongs to the variety of convertibles, but it is distinguished by a rigid and non-folding roof over the rear row of seats, but it has the ability to open over the front row. On this moment, this type of body has lost its popularity and is no longer produced, but is valued by a separate category of collectors.
Targa
The last type of convertible, existing more as a tribute to tradition. In this type of car, only the middle part of the roof is folded. At the same time, the roof over the rear row of seats is panoramic and fully glazed.
Pickup
This is one of the types of cars and body types that are partly related to trucks and most often designed on the basis of SUVs. Features an open rear cargo area.It is worth noting that this type of car is especially popular among American and Australian consumers as work vehicles, including on farms. But in the CIS countries, this more like a car showing the status of the owner.
Limousine
This special kind cars, most often manufactured according to special order, and can be made from any car model. Limousines can be four-door or with a different number of doors, but differ in that they have a special partition that separates the front passengers from the entire rear passenger compartment.At its core, a limousine is a solemn form of transport used for special solemn celebrations or by some category of public and wealthy persons. 
Two-volume
As mentioned above. Two-volume cars are distinguished by the absence of a separate luggage space and a pronounced trunk. Among cars of this type, station wagons, hatchbacks, crossovers and SUVs are distinguished.station wagon
This type of car is different in that it has almost the same roof height along the entire length of the car. And access to the luggage compartment is made in the form of one or two doors. It can be produced in five or three-door version.It differs from the sedan in the increased volume of the luggage compartment, higher cost and a more reinforced design with higher load capacity. Many station wagons have folding rear rows of seats, which can significantly increase the luggage volume due to passenger seats. And also, they can have an optional feature with an additional row of seats occupying part of the luggage compartment. 
hatchback
At its core, this is a slightly modified station wagon with a sloping tailgate. But most often, it is produced in a more compact version, and is especially popular in Europe.It is one of the most comfortable car options, ideal for everyday use by most consumers. Allows you to carry bulky cargo by folding the rear row of seats, and has a compact size for urban use. 
liftback
This type of car is similar to a sedan or coupe, but has a trunk lid design that allows you to open it, along with the rear window.
SUV
This is a separate type of vehicles with increased ability to overcome rough terrain. In my own way appearance. Similar to station wagons, but have increased ground clearance, all-wheel drive, and the ability to lock differentials. And in some cases, they are also equipped with a third row of seats.
crossover
This type of car is becoming more and more popular these days. Often, they can be confused with SUVs, but have a greater adaptability to urban use, and worst chance to overcome off-road. Have more compact dimensions and lower ground clearance.
SUV
At its core, it is an SUV, but designed for young families who prefer to spend their free time in nature and engage in outdoor activities. Differ increased comfort and a large luggage compartment. However. They may not have all-wheel drive, but they have high ground clearance.
One-volume
These cars have the main difference from others - this is the almost complete absence of a hood, and are presented in several varieties.Minivan
Among passenger cars, this body type can be considered the most spacious and convenient for use in big family. It is distinguished by a small hood or its absence, three rows of seats and a sufficient amount of luggage space. Most often, it has sliding rear doors, and a high roof.These machines began to be produced from the beginning of the 80s of the last century, and became widespread among large families America and Europe. 
Microvan
One of the varieties of minivans, which has a modest size when compared with its older brother, but larger than hatchbacks. Differs in a small length, but a high roof.
compact van
This is an intermediate option between a compact van and a minivan. More adapted to everyday urban use, and can be equipped with a third row of seats. At the same time, due to more modest dimensions, it has a reduced volume of the luggage compartment.
According to the body structure, they are divided into three-volume, two-volume and also one-volume.
Three-volume body
Three-volume car bodies are considered, which are divided into 3 compartments isolated from each other: the engine compartment, the passenger compartment and luggage compartment.
A three-volume body is considered the safest and most comfortable, because with head-on collision or a rear impact, the impact energy is primarily taken over and absorbed by either the engine compartment or the luggage compartment, but not the passenger compartment.
Also, this body structure provides maximum comfort passengers, due to the fact that the passenger compartment is separated from the engine and luggage compartments, which receive noise from the engine, irregularities pavement and impacts on the wheels, which are transmitted inside the body through the fastening elements of the suspensions and the car engine, the smells of transported things and accessories.
The disadvantage of the design is the increased length of the car, due to which there are some difficulties during parking and maneuvering in places with a large traffic congestion.
Sedan- has a four or two-door body, in which there are 2 rows of seats and a hard top, designed to accommodate 4-5 people.
One of the versions says that the word came from the name of the French city of Sedan, where the manufacture of carriages was developed in the 19th century. Another version says that this is the English version of the name of the palanquin.
coupe- a two-door body, which has a rigid, lowered roof in the rear, has one or two rows of seats.
On the second row of seats, usually hand luggage but not people. Accommodates two people and has a shortened base. Translated from French coupé means to shorten, shorten.
Cabriolet- a sedan or coupe body, has two rows of seats, with a removable or folding roof.
The body looks spectacular, attracts a lot of attention, but is not practical. At one time, the production of convertibles was suspended due to a design mismatch with safety requirements. It is believed that the word comes from the Italian capriole, where capra is a goat.
Limousine- a sedan that has an elongated base and a hardtop, with more than two rows of seats.
The driver's seat is separated from the rest of the cabin by an installed rigid partition. It can have more than four doors, but differs the highest level comfort. The name comes from the Limousin region in France.
Pickup– Passenger car that has an open or easy-to-open luggage compartment, which is located behind the passenger compartment.
In other words, the cargo version passenger car mobile. Pick-up in English means to raise, open.
Van- almost peaks but with a closed luggage compartment. There are also three-dimensional and two-volume ones.
It comes from the French word fourgon - a closed wagon for carrying luggage.
Two-volume body
Double volume all cars have a body, in which the bodies are structurally divided into two compartments isolated from each other, engine and cargo-passenger.
Often such cars have an odd number of doors due to the presence of a rear opening door. The cargo compartment with the passenger compartment are united by one common compartment with all subsequent consequences.
This arrangement allows the luggage compartment to be expanded simply if necessary, but results in a reduction in comfort and safety as noise from rear suspension and third-party odors from luggage will come directly into the car, but things that are transported as cargo or luggage pose a real threat to passengers in the event of emergencies, as they freely move around the cabin in the event of a collision or rollover of the car.
station wagon- The body of the car, which has a hard top, and the trunk lid is placed almost vertically, and is an additional door.
The length is the same as the sedan. In some cases, it is equipped with a third row of lightweight seats that can be easily dismantled. The second row of seats folds down, which allows the use of part of the passenger compartment as a luggage compartment. This type of body is widely used in the production of SUVs. Translated from Latin, universalis means common.
hatchback- This is a body with the properties of a station wagon, but has a shortened luggage compartment, and a short rear overhang, which makes the car more compact and convenient for operation in tight urban areas.
The name of the body comes from the English hatchback, where hatch is the hatch, back is the back.
liftback- This is a hatchback that looks like a sedan, but the trunk lid opens together with the rear window, which gives access to both the luggage compartment and the passenger compartment.
Its feature is the absence of a metal partition, which gives the body strength and isolates the passenger compartment from the luggage compartment, as in a conventional sedan. Translation from English lift - lift, back - back.
Phaeton- has a body with a soft roof and removable door windows. A specific and rather rare type of body. An example of a phaeton is UAZ 469.
Minivan- Station wagon body with increased volume, which is designed to carry cargo and passengers.
It was originally developed for the transport of passengers, and only subsequently cargo options began to appear. Includes subclasses: microvan, compact van, multivan. It comes in double and single. Origin from English mini - small and also van - van.
One volume body
One-volume car bodies are distinguished by the absence of division into compartments. They have a common cargo-passenger cabin, and the engine hood, of course, if there is one, opens into the interior of the cabin.
This design makes it possible to use the useful volume of the body for the transportation of goods and passengers as efficiently as possible.
Buses, minibuses (UAZ 452 - "Loaf"), minivans (Mitsubishi L300 and Toyota Previa), and even some city cars or toy cars (for example, Smart) are equipped with such bodies.
In its quest for perfect forms and their filling, automakers periodically create new types of car bodies. In addition to the simple variety of forms for model range, these types of structures will perform practical tasks. After all, the models differ in clearance, roof shape, number of seats for passengers and other characteristics. All this leaves an imprint on the operating conditions.
Often, the development of one auto giant is adopted by other automakers. Thus, certain standards are formed in the industry, which later acquire their recognizable features by consumers. However, there are also unsuccessful models that are either forgotten or reborn in an updated image after some modifications.
General classification
In addition to specific distinctive features, there are general types of car bodies. They are usually divided into three-volume, two-volume and one-volume modifications.
- Single-volume structures are characterized by the absence of significantly protruding from the overall dimensions of the trunk and hood. Engineers love this type of body for a considerable number of possible transformations of the cabin space. The luggage compartment is almost combined with the cabin. Typical representatives of this layout option are minivans.
- In double layouts engine compartment moved forward into the engine compartment, and there is no protruding luggage space at the back. There is a door that opens with glass, not a trunk lid. You can find out the two-volume in the station wagon.
- The three-volume body includes, in addition to the interior, a clearly protruding trunk and a remote engine compartment. The design has significant limitations on the transformation of the cabin and luggage space, although a large number of three-volume sedans drives on domestic and foreign roads.
According to the degree of loading, cars are divided into cars with a load-bearing body, semi-bearing and with frame structure.
Popular types of car bodies
Consider the most common car body types on our roads with a photo for each of the varieties.
Sedan
Today, vehicles with a sedan body type have become widespread among motorists. These cars have two rows of seats and four doors. At the rear there is an isolated luggage compartment space closed by a horizontal lid.
This type of body provides advantages to a greater extent for passengers. Carrying large cargo in it will be quite problematic. The habitat of sedans are city streets and country roads. Relatively low ground clearance will not make it possible to conquer off-road. Also, parking for a sedan will be more problematic at first than for a hatchback or station wagon, the dimensions of which young drivers feel easier.
IN different countries the classification of passenger cars by body type may have differences in names. For example, sedans in some European countries have their names:
- France - Berlin;
- Italy - Berlina;
- England - Saloon.
The advantages of this type of body include the fact that the car does not need an additional wiper to rear window, as well as in the cabin there is less noise from the trunk than that of the hatchback and station wagon.
coupe
A three-volume car with two doors has an appearance similar to a sedan. The difference also lies in the presence of two seats in the vehicle. However, there are versions with a 2+2 arrangement, but the second row is quite narrow and not intended for long trips. The dimensions of both doors are increased, which adds comfort to the driver and front passenger.
Cars of this type are often equipped with more powerful engines than sedans. average cost they are also slightly higher. Since the buyers of such a vehicle are often young people who prefer to operate cars on good roads with high speed modes, then the suspension is set more rigid, the ground clearance is lowered by the designers, and the rigidity of the body is increased.
hatchback
The main advantage of this arrangement is compactness. The overall parameters of this type of car are smaller than those of popular sedans and station wagons. This provides easier maneuverability for the driver, especially when parking. At the same time, the design of the trunk suffers, which remains not too voluminous. There are three- and five-door cars of this design.
The minimum number of front and rear overhangs makes the design indispensable when approaching curbs or other low restrictions. Most often, these cars are produced in budget class. For positive qualities, the hatchback is loved by young drivers and the fairer sex.
liftback
The hybrid liftback design visually resembles a sedan when the rear window angle is maintained and there is a structural protruding horizontal like sedans on the trunk lid. But upon opening back door both the glass and the whole door rise together.
The difference between him and the sedan gives rear wiper. The design took over the advantages from both of its "parents": a huge opening for loading luggage like a hatchback and spacious trunk like a sedan.
station wagon
Automakers produce similar designs on the same platform as sedans, so they often have the same length. The difference lies in the extended roof for the station wagon and the presence of a vertical tailgate. This arrangement maximizes the amount of usable space in the trunk.
station wagon
The practical design has proved its usefulness in everyday life. If you need to move a large refrigerator or washing machine, then all the charms of this car body will become noticeable. In this case, all doors will be closed.
crossover
Station wagon or hatchback, planted on a base with high ground clearance and a more powerful engine, will give an idea of modern crossovers. Appeared in the second half of the 90s, they are actively gaining popularity among modern drivers.
crossover
Cars have more comfort than SUVs and are capable of delivering excellent power characteristics on the track. Sometimes they are called "SUVs", probably for their deceptive off-road appearance.
SUV
By design, SUVs are mostly station wagons, but due to such characteristics as high ground clearance, high permeability, the presence of all-wheel drive, increased power, significant overall parameters they are usually placed in a separate category.
SUV
Most of the SUVs have a frame structure and a clearance of 200 mm. The length of the car in narrow city streets and limited parking places creates difficulties for urban conditions. Also, most of the nodes are not designed for high-speed loads for country roads. Their average cost is higher than crossovers.
Compact SUVs come with three doors, while full-size SUVs have five doors. In some models, engineers include a third row of seats. You will have to pay for spaciousness and patency increased consumption fuel and weak stability during sharp turns.
Minivan
These cars in European or North American countries are called family cars. Their capacity exceeds station wagons similar to it in design. The structural possibility of installing a third row of seats in these cars is widely used. At the same time, engineers provide for the possibility of folding the back rows into a “flat floor”, which gives great advantage when transporting goods compared to other bodies.
The side door is usually made not hinged, but sliding along the body. The driver is provided with a high seating position with good visibility, which increases driving safety. In urban conditions, a minivan will not be very convenient, but both the driver and passengers on long trips will appreciate it.
The disadvantage is the high center of gravity, which will require careful handling of the machine during sharp maneuvers.
Pickup
A mixture of a passenger car and a small truck is called a pickup truck. An open luggage compartment with hard sides is feature these cars. This body model is very popular in the North American continent. The insulated comfort cab makes driving enjoyable. Often it has two full rows with two or four doors.
The designers provided the rear of the suspension with springs that are not standard for passenger cars, but with more powerful springs. All-wheel drive cars cross-country ability easily compete with off-road vehicles. To protect the cargo, special covers or covers made of dense material are usually provided.
Convertible, roadster
Machines with open top more popular in countries with hot climates. Although for cool weather you can pick up a convertible with a folding roof. This car has two rows of seats, but the second is usually narrower, like a coupe.
The roadster has a similar body structure, but these cars are produced exclusively with one row of seats. Speed characteristics cars with folding roofs make it possible to experience the delights of driving on country roads.
Limousine
Weak body model for practical purposes. More often performs a decorative or representative mission. Inconvenient on small city streets, a long car is distinguished by the fact that it has a glass partition that separates the driver's area from the rest of the cabin.
The model can be produced at the factory as self auto or as an extended version of any sedan, SUV or hatchback. The car has a low rigidity of the body and very poor maneuverability.
Van
Most vans have one row of seats, behind which is a cargo compartment closed on all sides by the auto body without side windows. Often the glass is in the back door. The positive qualities of the machine configuration are high load capacity, sufficient capacity, cargo protection from external factors.
Conclusion
In modern models, clear boundaries between body types are gradually being erased. Automakers are mixing styles and abolishing the conventions that define a car. The result is ever more comfortable vehicles for consumers.
Vehicle body type is a concept found in all descriptions of passenger vehicles. It is on him that a number of features of the operation of the car depend, as well as the utility of the car, its cargo capacity and a number of other parameters.
In this material, we will try to thoroughly understand what types of car bodies exist and how they differ from each other.
What is a car body type?
The type of car body is a definition that characterizes the ratio of the internal volume of the body to its cargo capacity and technical features luggage and bonnet compartments, as well as the layout of the passenger compartment.
Simply put, the type of body depends on the capacity inside, as well as the size and configuration of the luggage compartment.
Video review of various types of car bodies:
The presence of a large number of types is due to the fact that structurally in a car it is extremely difficult to combine cargo capacity and design features, which forces developers to create various variations designed to satisfy people with different requirements for vehicle– from those who regularly transport a large number of goods to citizens for whom cargo capacity is practically not important, but design and driving performance auto.
Classification of passenger cars by body type
Today there are a large number of different types of car bodies. At the same time, automakers do not stop there, trying to draw attention to their new products with loud statements about the “creation” of a new type of body.
Such experiments include the recently appeared category of "four-door coupe", "off-road coupe" and others.
However, in our review, we will try to consider traditional options, since all of the above versions are variations based on them. So…
Sedan
A sedan or, as it is also called, a car in a three-volume body, is the most well-known version in our country. According to statistics, in Russia this body type is the most popular, which is probably due to the long-term habit of our compatriots for such cars. It is connected with the fact that most Soviet cars were sedans and this size is well known to our consumers.
Conventionally, a sedan is a car in which the engine compartment, passenger compartment and trunk are separated from each other and have separate access. The well-known VAZ-2101 and a number of subsequent domestic cars had this layout.
Today, this body type remains very popular, although it has undergone some refinement - the luggage compartment of sedans can no longer be called completely independent. On most models, it is separated from the passenger compartment by the back of the rear seat, which, if necessary, reclines to increase capacity.
Also, on all modern models in the back there is a hatch in the area of \u200b\u200bthe central armrest, which allows you to carry long loads in the luggage compartment (for example, skis or a snowboard).
Coupe
The classic coupe is a body type that appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. As a rule, he "got accustomed" in the segment sports cars and was a classic "three-volume" with a pair of oversized doors, which made it easier for passengers to get into the back seat. By the way, the latter was often absent, which was typical for sports cars.
However, there was also a special class of premium class coupes, which were created on the basis of executive sedans and were intended for wealthy citizens who wanted to drive their car on their own.
At the present time, the body of the "coupe" has undergone a major transformation, and the main one was the rejection of an independent "trunk".
There are quite a few such models left, and most modern "pseudo-sport" cars are, in fact, three-door hatchbacks with an underestimated roof contour in the rear.
Hatchback
The body type called "hatchback" is the most popular in Europe due to its utility with the overall compactness of the car itself.
In fact, it is a two-volume body, where part of the passenger compartment is “farmed out” to the trunk. At the same time, the design of the fifth door (this is what the tailgate is called "is made flat, which allows you to add dynamism to the silhouette of such a car.
The advantage of the hatchback is not so much capacity, but the wide possibilities for transforming the cargo compartment and the cabin, as well as the convenience of transporting long loads. At the same time, this arrangement allows you to reduce the size of the car while maintaining capacity, which is important advantage for city cars.
Liftback (LIFTBACK)
It is not uncommon for manufacturers to provide double opening - the trunk lid or the entire door can be opened, which brings the car even closer to sedans.
The advantage of the liftback is even greater than that of the hatchback, spaciousness while maintaining the traditional proportions of the sedan. Many companies use a similar layout for business class cars, for which the traditional form is an important element of prestige.
Wagon (WAGON)
The station wagon body type, already based on the name, speaks of maximum functionality. According to the principle of construction, it is similar to a hatchback, with the only difference being that the luggage compartment is much more spacious due to the vertical arrangement of the fifth door and maintaining a high roofline throughout the entire body.
Today, station wagons are more often associated with utilitarian cars, but in the middle of the twentieth century, shootingbrake configuration bodies gained some popularity, which were a kind of coupe with a universal body, in fact, three-door car, combining the dynamism of a classic coupe with the advantages of a versatile layout.
Today, a similar type of body is trying to revive Mercedes company Benz in some models with the specified prefix in the title. However, from classic models such station wagons are distinguished by the presence of a five-door layout and, in fact, are still a traditional station wagon with a sporty silhouette.
Minivan
A minivan or, as it is sometimes called, a monocab, is a type of body in which the engine compartment, passenger compartment and trunk are arranged in the same proportion. More precisely, the engine block is still moved to the front, but the length of the car's hood is small.
It should be noted that they are very popular with our compatriots who prefer active species recreation - travel, fishing and hunting.
Such a body is much higher than that of a station wagon, which allows you to use the wide possibilities of transforming the interior. In particular, such cars very often have a seven-seat layout, which is achieved without increasing the overall dimensions, by organizing a vertical landing of riders.
In fact, this class of cars is a cross between a station wagon and a minibus, combining the convenience of both body types.
Pickup (PICK-UP)
The homeland of pickups is traditionally called the United States of America, where such cars are very popular.
In fact, a pickup truck is an SUV with a separate cargo compartment, a kind of mini-truck for transporting cargo that is not demanding on temperature changes.
In fact, this machine was the most popular in the farming environment due to its spaciousness, load capacity and the ability to easily clean the luggage compartment with the help of improvised means.
Today, pickup trucks have somewhat moved away from the functional image and are often offered as vehicles for outdoor activities, being successful among the latter due not only to spaciousness, but also to “off-road” patency, as well as “indestructible” spring suspension.
The comfort level of pickups has also reached a new level and is practically not inferior to that of SUVs.
SUV (OFF-ROAD VEHICLE)
The SUV, in fact, is a car with a universal body, having all-wheel drive transmission and frame structure. Allows you to overcome difficult road conditions and has great ground clearance.
IN last years SUV market divided into classic frame models and crossovers - universal passenger cars with increased ground clearance and load-bearing body.
Often these cars are basic version do not have all-wheel drive, do not have a serious arsenal of off-road capabilities, but are versatile and roomy.
In fact, today the traditional minivans, which, with the change of generations, actually turned into crossovers and received a similar layout.
Convertible (CABRIOLET), roadster (ROADSTER)
A convertible is a car with a removable fabric or metal top, often a two-door layout. Previously, four-door models were often encountered, however, due to the difficulties in organizing the rigidity of an open body, they did not receive distribution.
The most common version of a convertible is a roadster - an open sports car with a two-seat interior or a 2 + 2 seating formula, that is rear seat is provided as an additional luggage compartment or as a child seat.
As a rule, in the case of roadsters, manufacturers endow such models with sporty handling and position them as an alternative to a sports coupe. Similar models are available in the range of almost all sports car manufacturers on the market.
Limousine (LIMOUSINE)
In fact, the "limousine" body type is not independent, but acts as a variation of the classic sedan (and often an SUV).
Limousines are often produced by third party tuning companies through the introduction of an insert in central part car, which increases the length of the cabin in the required range (from 30 cm to several meters).
The purpose of the refinement is to increase the capacity of the rear of the cabin to accommodate a rich interior, additional technical means and provide more living space.
As a rule, limousines are used to transport dignitaries, often equipped with additional armor.
The only automaker that produces limousines in a conveyor is the company mercedes benz with his Pullman model. In addition, it is not uncommon for firms that create executive class sedans to produce them in two versions of the wheelbase - standard and extended.
The market for creating rental limousines is also widespread. In terms of the internal layout, they differ significantly from the representative ones and, in fact, are spacious rides on wheels with a mini-bar, an audio system and comfortable sofas inside.
Van (FURGON)
The van at the end of the 20th century was a separate class of cars, in which there was a separation of the cabin (usually a double one) and a closed cargo compartment with a separate windowless door.
Such cars were offered as a convenient delivery city transport, and were very popular.
Today, manufacturers have moved away from this approach and, most often, offer as a van standard station wagon or a minivan with a removed rear row of seats, a large cargo area and missing windows (a good example of this approach is the corresponding modification of Lada Largus).
This arrangement made it possible to gain access to the cargo not only through the rear loading door, but also through the regular side doors of the car. The cargo compartment of the van is most often separated from the passenger compartment by a metal partition.
There are many passenger cars in the world, they differ from each other maximum speed, weight, internal stuffing and many other parameters. But the first thing that every motorist pays attention to during the purchase is the body.
There are so many types of passenger car bodies that it’s simply impossible to remember everything. Moreover, most of them have long since sunk into the past. In fact, only 7-12 types are currently used in the automotive industry.
Seven types of the most popular car bodies
The body acts as the supporting part of the machine. Therefore, his choice directly affects not only aerodynamic characteristics, but also such operational qualities as reliability and conditions for using a car. In addition, each type of car body is designed for its own segment of customers.
coupe
The hatchback is a stripped down version of the sedan. The lack of a separate rear trunk directly affected the maneuverability of the passenger car. This type of body provides good handling even on the most difficult parts of the road.
The hatchback body consists of only two sections. But this in no way affects the convenience of the luggage compartment. This is not even a trunk, but a niche in which it is convenient to put a variety of utensils and things. good example type of this passenger car is Chevrolet Cruze.
A hatchback may only have three or five doors. The niche for the trunk is also closed by default with a door. An interesting fact is that in the beginning, the hatchback came as an addition to the sedan. But soon the high popularity of this type of passenger car body forced manufacturers to reconsider their marketing approach.
station wagon
Station wagon - this is the type of car body that is chosen for the whole family, and now you will understand why. Cars are two-volume, but unlike hatchbacks have much more interior space. If necessary, the rear seats can be removed by expanding the niche space.
Advice! In the expanded niche, you can easily put bicycles or some bulky cargo.
The designers managed to achieve an increase in the internal space by lengthening the machine. Typically, this type of car body has five doors, but there are models with two doors, however, there are very few of them, and for the most part they are considered rare. Popular models include:
- opel record,
- volkswagen Passat,
- Opel Astra,
- Ford Sierra.
Limousine
Limousine - this type of car body represents the so-called Luxuary class. Simply put, this expensive cars with all amenities, including a mini-bar and a spacious lounge with sofas on the sides.
The closest design of a limousine to a sedan. With one exception, the limousine is much longer. The body includes three sectors:
- luggage compartment,
- salon,
- underhood space.
In truly luxury limousines, the driver's seat is separated from the passenger compartment. This was done in order not to interfere with passengers to have fun or conduct important negotiations. The most popular limousines include:
- Imperial Crown,
- "Seagull",
- Lincoln Town Car.
Pickup
A pickup truck is a body type of a passenger car. But its texture and design allows you to carry large loads and drive off-road. The main feature of any pickup truck is that it has one compartment for passengers, which can have either two or four seats and an open body, the latter, if necessary, is covered with a tarpaulin.
Pickup powerful machine, which can overcome difficult rural roads and help farmers in their work. At least that's how it was originally intended. In Russia, this body type has found a completely different application.
Pickup trucks are ideal for country trips. They are not afraid Russian off-road. In addition, this machine can always be loaded with potatoes, apples and seedlings. At the same time, passengers will feel very comfortable, as the cargo will be separated from them by a partition.
This type of car body is equipped with both one set of doors and two. The most popular models in Russia include:
- Dacia Logan pickup,
- Mitsubishi L200.
Russian motorists prefer inexpensive and economical pickups.
crossover
Crossover - this type of car body has gained popularity in recent years. The thing is that this is an ideal option for the city, and at the same time a car that will drive off-road without much difficulty.
Important! Of course, the crossover is inferior to an SUV in terms of cross-country ability, but its capabilities are quite enough for a resident of the metropolis.
The design of this car is a symbiosis of station wagon and SUV. High ground clearance and a spacious interior are the main advantages of the car. The car allows the driver to feel on top even in the most dense stream.
The layout of the crossover is two-section. The design uses from three to five doors. There is no separate trunk, instead of it there is a rather roomy niche. If necessary rear seats, like the station wagon, are removed, expanding the luggage compartment.
In Russia, the following crossover models have gained the greatest popularity:
- Land Rover freelander,
- toyota rav4,
- Nissan Juke.
among the people modern crossovers received the name "SUVs".
SUV
The SUV is the ancestor of all crossovers. It has much more ground clearance. Moreover, in most cases the machine has four-wheel drive and many modes for driving over rough terrain.
The body type of the car is closest to the station wagon. If desired, you can easily remove the seats and expand the interior. Popular models in Russia include:
- Jeep Wrangler,
- UAZ "Patriot"
- Ford Maverick.
The cost of such machines is very high, but their performance characteristics quite justify the high price.
Results
car series has a lot of cars, with different types of bodies. The most requested ones are listed above. Very close to them in terms of demand are:
- minivans,
- vans,
- fastbacks,
- phaetons,
- hardtops.
They were not described because the differences in designs with the bodies presented above are minimal. The auto industry is constantly improving the design of passenger cars, so hybrid cases on the market are not uncommon.
