To date, economy is the most important point, which affects the purchase of a car. Economy refers to lower fuel consumption and more long term power unit services.
When solving this issue, the struggle between diesel and gasoline comes to the fore. Exists enough pros and cons of both one type of engine and the other. At the same time, we can say that diesel engines can reduce fuel consumption by 25-50%, and their lifespan is longer compared to gasoline options.
Diesel or gasoline?
Of course, it should be noted that the popularity of diesel units in Russia is somewhat less than in Europe. Although there are fans, and their number continues to increase. European demand is quite large and therefore automakers are constantly improving diesel engines. The desire to improve the readings of power units has led to the fact that diesel engines have appeared on the market, which have some differences in design. Among them, diesel engines are best known under the abbreviations HDI, TDI, SDI. Therefore, we will try to answer the question: what is the difference between HDI, TDI, SDI diesel engines?
As for marking, the DI symbols indicate the use of a system that is based on the combustion chamber. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the nozzles have a common channel where fuel enters under high pressure. The designations HDI and SDI imply the absence, that is, these diesel engines are called atmospheric. In turn, power units with the TDI marking are distinguished by the presence of a turbocharger, which significantly increases the efficiency of the engine.
HDI engine
Diesel engines with the abbreviation HDI are the development of such automotive giant like PSA Peugeot Citroen. These power units use the Common Rail system. This system, which is determined by direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber, allowed to reduce fuel consumption by 15%, increase power by 40%, and reduce noise by 10dB. HDI motors have a longer service life. So, diagnostics at the service station is provided at the rate of once per 30 thousand km. It is also worth noting that the timing belt and belts mounted units remain functional for the entire period of operation of the engine.
TDI engine
As already mentioned, TDI engines use turbocharging, which allows you to increase power. At the same time, the efficiency is at a high level, and the purity of the exhaust meets the standards. For the first time, these engines began to be used by the Volkswagen concern. They differ in unpretentiousness in operation and reliability. Although I must say that there is such a drawback as a small resource of the turbine, which is designed for 150 thousand km. True, the engine itself has a resource of one million kilometers.
SDI engine
If the prospect of expensive repairs does not appeal, then in this case you should pay attention to SDI-engines. The power units of this modification are resistant to high mileage, and they also have high reliability, due to the simplicity of their design.
Currently, TDI, HDI, SDI technologies are based on the third generation Common Rail system. The third generation is different in that they began to use piezoelectric injectors, which allow for more accurate injection, and the fuel supply pressure was also increased. In principle, the engines of these markings have a minimum of differences, and their symbolism is the determinant of the manufacturer of power units. Therefore, it is difficult to single out the winner in these three nominations. The only conclusion is that the choice of diesel is justified and promising.
This article has been visited by a member of the family legendary engines JTD (Jet Turbo Diesel), developed by the FIAT concern in the mid-90s of the last century. These engines use the common-rail fuel system, which gave a new round of development of diesel engines and today is the main system used in passenger car diesel engines.
The 1.9 JTD engine of this family was installed on the world's first passenger car with a common rail fuel system. Alfa Romeo 156 in 1997. The use of the common rail system gave many advantages over classic diesels. Thanks to it, fuel consumption decreased by 15%, engine power increased by almost 40%, diesel torque increased, noise level during engine operation decreased, and environmental indicators reached the highest level previously not achievable for diesel engines.
IN different years various modifications JTD engines were installed on many brands of European-made cars and not only.
1.3 liter engine:
Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet Aveo (2012) , Fiat Albea, Fiat 500 , Fiat Doblò , Fiat Grande Punto , Fiat Idea , Fiat Linea , Fiat Panda, Fiat Punto , Fiat Palio , Fiat Fiorino , Fiat Qubo , Fiat Strada , Ford Ka (2008) , Lancia Musa . Lancia Ypsilon , Maruti Suzuki SX4 Diesel , Suzuki Ertiga , Opel Agila , Opel Astra , Opel Combo , Opel Corsa , Opel Meriva, Opel Tigra TwinTop , Suzuki Ignis , Suzuki Splash/Maruti Suzuki Ritz , Suzuki Swift/Maruti Swift/Maruti Swift Dzire , Suzuki Wagon R+ , TATA Indica Vista , Indigo Manza
1.6 liter engine:
Alfa Romeo Mito , Alfa Romeo Giulietta(2010) , Fiat Bravo , Fiat Doblò , Fiat Grande Punto , Fiat Idea , Lancia Delta , Lancia Musa , Opel Combo D , Suzuki SX4 (since 2013) .
1.9 liter engine:
Alfa Romeo 145, Alfa Romeo 146, Alfa Romeo 147, Alfa Romeo 156, Alfa Romeo 159, Alfa Romeo GT, Cadillac BLS, DR5, Fiat Bravo, Fiat Croma II, Fiat Doblò, Fiat Grande Punto, Fiat Marea, Fiat Multipla, Fiat Punto , Fiat Sedici , Fiat Stilo, Fiat Strada , Lancia Delta , Lancia Lybra , Lancia Musa , Opel Astra , Opel Signum , Opel Vectra C , Opel Zafira , Saab 9-3 , Saab 9-5 , Suzuki SX4 , Alenia Aeronautica Sky-Y
1.9 Twin Turbo
Cadillac BLS, Lancia Delta, Saab 9-3
2.0 liter engine:
Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010) , Alfa Romeo 159 , Fiat Bravo , Fiat Doblò II , Fiat Sedici , Fiat Croma II , Lancia Delta , Opel/Vauxhall Astra , Opel/Vauxhall Insignia (single and twin turbo) , Chevrolet Malibu, Saab 9-5 (single and twin turbo) , Suzuki SX4
Engine displacement 2.0/2.2 (PSA)
Fiat Scudo, Fiat Ulysse, Lancia Phedra
2.3 liter engine:
Fiat Ducato
2.4 liter engine:
Alfa Romeo 156 Romeo Spider, Alfa Romeo Brera , Alfa Romeo 159 , Alfa Romeo 166 , Fiat Croma II , Fiat Marea , Lancia Kappa , Lancia Lybra , Lancia Thesis
Engines with a volume of 2.3 / 3.0 liters:
Fiat Ducato. Iveco Massif
Let's go back to our 2.3 Multijet engine (2287 cc). This motor was developed by Iveco and has two versions 120 MultiJet (SOFIM F1AE048ID) and 130 MultiJet (SOFIM F1AE048IN 2287), these engines have a power of 116 PS (85 kW) and 127 PS (93 kW) respectively. This engine is installed on vans and minibuses Fiat Ducato.
Let's take a closer look at the 120 MultiJet engine that was installed on the Fiat Ducato of 2008-2011, assembled in Russia at the factory Sollers in Yelabuga. This engine is an in-line four-cylinder sixteen-valve engine with a turbocharger and a system direct injection common rail fuel of the second generation "multijet". On this motor installed electronic fuel injection control system with Bosch controller EDC16c39.
1. Nozzles
2. Engine control unit
3. Fuel pump
4. Fuel filter
5. High pressure pump
6. Fuel pressure regulator
7. Fuel pressure sensor
The “multijet” system differs from the first versions of the common rail in a more advanced fuel injection algorithm, it allows you to split the injection phase not into two, but into several stages up to five, inclusive, depending on the engine operating conditions. This made it possible to increase the motor power up to 25% and achieve a level of vibration and noise comparable to gasoline engines. Also, the multijet system is less sensitive to fuel quality due to more complete and efficient fuel combustion with multi-phase injection and has more high reliability, compared with classical system pump nozzle.
Maintenance 2.3 JTD engine and its fuel system is dictated by the features of these engines. Fuel equipment common rail requires high degree fuel purification, if solid particles get into the high-pressure pump plungers, the pump fails, and the price of a new pump is incomparably higher than the price of high-quality cartridges fuel filter. Since the engine has a turbocharger, a clogged air filter can lead to turbine failure, and ultimately you can get serious expensive engine repairs. In light of the above, we recommend replacing the fuel filter cartridge and air filter at each oil change in the engine, when replacing the fuel filter cartridge, be sure to rinse and blow out the filter housing.
In general, these motors are quite reliable and have good performance indicators. With the right timely service the 2.3 JTD engine will please the car owner for a long time with good pickup, high-torque and softness of work. This engine won a solid place in the engine compartment of a commercial vehicle for a reason.
MultiJet - common name for the second generation turbodiesel engines equipped with a Common-Rail direct fuel injection system. What is this generation of engines, one of which was recognized as the "Engine of the Year" in Europe?
But a little history. In 1986, Fiat introduced the Croma JDi, one of the first passenger cars in the world to be equipped with a direct injection diesel engine. It was a milestone event in the automotive world. After all, such power unit, despite its advantages (performance, economy, high torque), for a long time absolutely not associated with the "passenger car". Due to strong vibrations and noise, these motors were installed exclusively on commercial and military vehicles.
The fight against noise and vibrations of a diesel engine could be carried out in two directions. The first is a simple and obvious way: to fence off engine compartment from the car interior with soundproof materials and install the engine on special supports that would absorb vibration.
The second way was much more laborious and lengthy. It was necessary to change the working process in the engine and improve the design of the direct fuel injection system. But it was precisely this difficult direction to move forward that was chosen by the Fiat engineering team. Only for the improvement of diesel Fiat engine It took Croma more than three years. And this is taking into account the active participation in the development of the project by specialists from Magneti Marelli and Elasis.
At the next stage, Bosch, one of the leading companies in the field of diesel fuel supply systems, joined the work. It took four whole years to prepare for production, and only in 1994, diesel engines with direct fuel injection of the UniJet system began to be installed on cars of companies belonging to the Fiat Group.
Later it became clear that, despite their outstanding performance, Unijet diesel engines are just an intermediate stage in a much more ambitious program of the Italian automaker. Fiat understood that without a fundamental improvement in consumer qualities - an increase in power and dynamic characteristics, reducing fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity - Unijet diesel engines will be hopelessly outdated in 7-8 years. So we were looking for a new one original idea- it was the development of a revolutionary fuel recovery system battery type Common Rail, which was introduced in 1997. And only proposed in the same year by Mitsubishi the world's first gasoline engine with direct fuel injection prevented the development of the Fiat Group from becoming the best innovation in the automotive industry.
Yet Fiat's equally outstanding innovation has not gone unused. The first Common-Rail engine with low level noise and vibration (the level was comparable to gasoline engines), having large stock power was installed on an Alfa Romeo 156JTD. The new engines were significantly superior in many respects to diesel engines equipped with a preliminary combustion chamber, so soon engines with Common-Rail began to be installed on all models of the Fiat concern. Performance indicators improved by 12% while reducing fuel consumption by up to 15%. Those were great scores!
Despite this, the JTD engine was not technically flawless. The two-valve gas distribution system used in it did not make it possible to reveal all the advantages of Common-Rail technology. After all electronic control injection of the Common-Rail system allows you to repeatedly crush the fuel injection phase. And in the JTD diesel engine there were only two such phases. During the first "pilot" injection of a small amount of fuel, the combustion chamber was heated up and it was prepared to receive the main part of the fuel. But a greater splitting of the injection phase would make it possible to increase the softness and purity of fuel combustion, and, as a result, to improve the power, economic and environmental performance of the engine.
In 2002, after 5 years of painstaking work, on Paris Motor Show The Fiat engineering group has already presented a 1.9JTD 16-valve diesel engine with a Multijet direct fuel injection system based on the Common-Rail principle.
The Multijet system also uses electronic control fuel injectors, But software allows you to separate common injection on a large number of parts. This allows for quieter combustion, reduced harmful emissions and performance enhancement. In this case, the number of injection stages is determined by the results of temperature and pressure control inside the combustion chamber and the engine operation mode ( cold start, intense acceleration, etc.).
The next evolution of the Multijet was the 1.3Mjet powertrain, which won the International Engine of the Year award in 2005 in the 1.0L to 1.4L engine category. The main advantage of this diesel engine is its extremely compact size. Fiat designers managed to accommodate 1248cm3 of working volume in dimensions of 46x50x65 cm, while the engine is equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and turbocharging systems with intercooling. At the same time, it was possible to further reduce the level of noise and vibration, significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions harmful substances.
But to stop there is not in the habits of Fiat. Recent improvements to the turbocharging system (particularly the introduction of the variable geometry turbocharger) and the exhaust gas recirculation system made it possible in 2009 to introduce an even more progressive and innovative fuel system Multijet II.
Significant experience and high technical level Fiat Group in the development of fuel recovery systems, allows the Italian concern today to offer cars that are equipped with economical and high-performance diesel engines that are in demand in our time!
The TDI diesel engine (the abbreviation stands for Turbocharged Direct Injection) is the brainchild of automotive engineers. Volkswagen group, work on the creation of which began in the 70s of the XX century. The name TDI itself is protected by a patent trademark, to which the concern has exclusive rights, which means that the origin of the engine can be accurately determined from such an inscription.
Similar power units are installed on the entire subsidiary range of the German automotive giant, whether it be cars, trucks, jeeps, minibuses. Also, some models of companies with which Volkswagen has cooperated for some time have TDI engines. Let's take a closer look at what is a TDI engine? What are its advantages and is it reliable and promising?
Among the identified advantages of the Turbocharged Direct Injection sample power plant, one cannot but pay attention to the following:
- power;
- profitability;
- compactness;
- environmental friendliness.
This set was not determined immediately and not even after the appearance on the market in 1980 of the Audi 80 with TDI under the hood, but only after numerous modifications and improvements, which led to the launch in 1989 of a new powerful turbodiesel, which in many respects is not inferior to gasoline units.
Experts recognize that TDI is one of the best modern diesel engines, the efficiency of which is determined based on the ratio of initial power and torque per unit volume of cylinder and fuel consumed.
The Role of Variable Geometry Turbine
The main advantage of the engine, along with the direct injection system, is variable geometry turbocharging, which makes this type of engine competitive not only in related circles, but also in gasoline ones. In such a turbocharger, the direction and parameters of the exhaust gas flow can be adjusted, thanks to which it is possible to achieve the most suitable turbine speed, and this has a very positive effect on performance. In a conventional turbine, this possibility is not provided.
The turbine type VNT, for example, is equipped with guide vanes, a vacuum drive and a control system. Moving around their own axis, the blades take up a position at the desired angle, thus changing the cross section of the channel. This allows you to adjust the speed and exhaust vector.
The rotation of the blades is controlled by a control mechanism equipped with a ring and a lever that receives the action of a vacuum drive controlled by a separate rod. In turn, the actuator is controlled by a valve that is part of the engine ECU and responds to changes in boost pressure due to signals from the temperature sensor (at the intake) and the boost pressure sensor.
In general, the TDI turbine is a kind of waste stream energy dispenser, providing the right pressure air in any mode of engine operation.
Technological differences TDI
The TDI is fuel efficient and shows respectable efficiency. It is worth noting high efficiency installations at the expense high blood pressure on injection, reaching 2050 bar, and this despite the fact that analogue models show only 1350 bar. As you know, the injection pump is responsible for maintaining the total pressure in the line, and the piezoelectric injectors, on a signal electronic block controls carry out a strictly metered injection, spending less than 0.2 ms on it.
A significant step towards increasing the efficiency of diesel engines was the introduction of a system common rail(accumulator supply system), due to which the dependence of the injection mechanism on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft and the operating mode of the engine is removed. This creates the conditions for injecting fuel into the cylinder at high pressure when working with light loads. Although the Common rail system is superior in maintainability to a conventional fuel supply system, its presence makes it necessary to impose special requirements on fuel quality, in which traditional system she loses some.
Among the atypical features of TDI engines are three points:
- Thanks to the combination of the injector with the pump, it was possible to provide comprehensive control of the mechanism fuel injection, which increased the torque and functional elasticity when changing the operating mode.
- Fuel combustion is not accompanied by high shock loads, so the engine noise is low.
- The concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaust is low, which explains the acceptable toxicity, which remains a problem for other types of engines. This power unit among its own kind is rightfully recognized as the most environmentally friendly.
Problems with TDI engines
According to the data specialized resources the TDI reliability indicator is quite high and, with properly organized maintenance, it will withstand a million kilometers. Most modern compressors also grew in reliability and sometimes "live" no less than the engine itself. However, on average, the service life of most turbines is limited to 150-200 thousand kilometers. This pattern is explained high temperature exhaust gases, reaching 1000℃, and a significant rotational speed close to 200 thousand rpm.
Another vulnerability is injectors, the resource of which is directly dependent on the quality of the fuel and the health of the power system.
To prolong the life of the weakest links in the TDI, some important measures should be remembered:
- timely oil change;
- timely replacement of the air filter;
- regular diagnostics of boost pressure.
It remains to be added that since Turbocharged Direct Injection engines for self service are quite complex, the right decision would be to turn to the services of specialized services.
Used only in commercial vehicles. Such motors in passenger cars are a real curiosity for Russian motorists. Previously foreign manufacturers(including VAG) officially did not supply such motors to domestic market. But now cars and crossovers from Volkswagen with a TDI engine have begun to appear. What it is? Let's take a look at our article.
Characteristic
First, we note that motors with such an abbreviation are found not only on Volkswagens.
Audi also has these units. TDI engines are turbocharged engines. diesel injection(hence the acronym). Also, these units are distinguished by the direct supply of Common Rail fuel.
Peculiarities
The main feature is the turbine that the TDI engine is equipped with. a mechanism that provides forced air supply, thereby increasing the torque and power of the motor. But unlike other engines, the 2.0 TDI has a special turbine design - with variable geometry. How is it different from conventional compressors? This design allows you to adjust the amount and direction of the flow of exhaust gases. This gives a significant increase in power and high fuel efficiency. So, from two liters of volume you can get up to 170 Horse power power. And thanks to the direct injection system, fuel consumption is about 5.5 liters in the combined cycle.
Some TDI engines in Volkswagen are equipped with a VNT turbine.
This abbreviation means that it is a compressor with a variable nozzle. The supplier of such turbines for Volkswagen is Garrett. The design of this node assumes the presence of:
- vacuum drive.
- control mechanism.
- guide vanes.
The latter are designed to change the flow rate of exhaust gases. This happens by adjusting the size of the channel cross section. So, the blades can rotate around their axis at a certain angle. This action is performed by the control mechanism. It consists of a lever and a ring. The operation of the mechanism provides a vacuum drive. It is he who acts on the lever through a special thrust. The vacuum actuator is equipped with a boost pressure relief valve. He is connected to electronic system engine control. The mechanism is triggered by the amount of boost pressure and intake air temperature.
TDI and Audi-TT
TT is one of the most popular coupes from Audi. Previously, the car was equipped only with gasoline power plants. Diesel units were previously considered "vegetable" and had low thrust. In addition, such a sports coupe simply needed a high-speed engine. But after the use of the TDI engine on the Audi-TT, all stereotypes were dispelled.
This diesel engine had simply incredible performance. With two liters of working volume, he developed 170 horsepower and as much as 350 Nm of torque. This gave a significant increase in dynamics. Up to a hundred, the car accelerated in 7 and a half seconds. And the maximum speed was 226 kilometers per hour. And now the most important point - fuel consumption. And this unit consumed only 5.3 liters per hundred in mixed mode. You will not believe, but this is the real passport data from the manufacturing plant.
Ecologically pure
Motors of the TDI line have held a leading position in the market for 20 years. One of them implemented Clean Diesel technology. It provides deep purification of exhaust gases by converting nitrogen oxides into water vapor. The system has already been put into practice and has been successfully used in the United States since 2014. The 3.0 TDI engine complies with all emission regulations. The emission of CO per kilometer is only 130 grams.
What are the benefits of a TDI engine?
What it is, we have already found out. Now consider the main advantages of these turbocharged installations. In general, after the entry of Audi into concern VAG, the latter took a leading position in the list of diesel engine manufacturers. Thanks to innovative engineering solutions, their engines are different:
- High fuel efficiency.
- Low noise level (almost inaudible at idle).
- High rates of dynamics and torque.
Also data power plants answer modern requirements environmental friendliness (Euro-6 exhaust standard). A significant increase in power was achieved due to the special design of the turbine. Unlike other engines, those from VAG are capable of operating at a pressure of 2 thousand bar.
Modern analogues give out only 1300 bar. also in TDI engines the injector is integrated with the pump. This allows maximum control over fuel injection.
Conclusion
So, we found out what features a TDI engine has, what it is and what are its advantages. On this moment TDI engines are among the most powerful, quietest and most environmentally friendly. It is no wonder that they occupy a leading position in the global market.
