The nozzle is an electromagnetic device of the engine power system, which is responsible for dosing the fuel supply to the intake manifold. Due to the effect of high temperatures and low fuel quality, formations with a varnish-like structure may occur inside the nozzle during operation. As a result, it does not open well, which negatively affects the engine start and its power. To ensure the throughput of the nozzle, and hence the optimal operation of the entire engine start and control system, you need to get rid of contaminants. Definitely, before undertaking this important task, the nozzle must be removed.
If you feel the strength and enthusiasm in yourself to do the dismantling of fuel injectors with your own hands, it makes sense to heed the advice. Those who like to personally carry out all the manipulations with their own car claim that it is necessary to prepare: sets of screwdrivers, keys, power pliers with a lever and a latch, a carbocleaner and rags. If you want to perform the operation of removing this device effectively and correctly, you should follow a certain order for its implementation. So let's get started. First of all, the fuel rail is removed along with all the injectors, then, while clamping the spring clip, the wire block is disconnected. A screwdriver is taken, with which the latch is moved along the ramp. Then the nozzles are removed from the ramp, which at the same time scrolls a little. Next, using a flat screwdriver, you need to get rid of the o-rings located on the body of the electromagnetic device and the atomizer. It is advisable to replace them with new ones. Owners of cars equipped with diesel engines may have particular difficulties with extracting nozzles. This is due to the specifics of the body structure and the engine itself: when moisture gets in, the nozzles stick to the head of the cylindrical block. It is best to dismantle such nozzles using special equipment so as not to waste a lot of time on milling, welding and replacing consumables. You can spend a lot of money on all this, but you can’t achieve the desired effect. It happens that it is necessary to sacrifice all the injectors, remove the cylinder head and drill out the faulty parts. Please note that the operation of the fuel injectors takes into account high pressure. An unexpected jet of fuel from the injector nozzle can cause unsafe consequences and cause serious skin damage. Therefore, when handling a pressurized device, be careful not to spray fuel in your direction. If possible, have professionals check the pressure in the fuel system. If you are doing this on your own, take precautions. Please note that fuel injectors have a fairly long service life. Perhaps there is no need to dismantle them at all. How to decide in this case? To establish the feasibility of replacing injectors, first pay attention to the mileage. If he reached a mark above 100 thousand kilometers, there is certainly a point in checking. Contact good specialists so that they can perform high-quality testing, disassembly and calibration of injectors in your car. Are you suggesting that it is faulty fuel injectors that are causing the smoking and rattling noises? The cause can be established without disassembly. To do this, you will need to lower the clamps and briefly remove the air duct located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe air cleaner and intake manifold. When you remove the plastic cover from the top of the engine, fix the air duct to its original position and tighten the clamps. Now it's time to start bringing the engine to high idle. And then gently loosen the fittings one by one, do it carefully, it is advisable to cover the adjacent area with rags. As a rule, when the fitting of a faulty nozzle turns away, knocking and smoke disappear.Now we know everything about the technology of removing and cleaning nozzles. These simple rules will help you carry out repairs on your own, which will be quite expensive at any service station. The technology does not depend on the type and volume of engines and is suitable for any car models.
In Russia, as, indeed, in other countries of the former CIS, there is a huge number of car filling stations. But not every one of them sells high-quality fuel that meets all norms and standards. Most often, gasoline contains not only dirt, but also various impurities and substances. These are phenols, sulfur, various lead acids. In addition, low-quality fuel has a low octane number. Every owner of an injection car should know how to remove nozzles. This is useful knowledge that can come in handy when owning a used car.
Symptoms of clogged injectors
In the process of using the car, the nozzles tend to become clogged. On machines with a mileage of 200 thousand or more, they can fail. Often the reason for the failure of the nozzle is exposure to high temperatures. Inside, this element is covered with varnish deposits. As a result, problems appear during the launch process of the troit, it is unstable in all modes.
Due to these deposits and contaminants, the ability to pass fuel is severely impaired. There are problems in the process of opening and closing the nozzles. All this leads to one or more of these symptoms.
Where are located
The injectors on an injection internal combustion engine are located in the fuel rail. Their number is equal to the number of cylinders in the engine.
When to check work
The nozzles responsible for supplying fuel can be operated for quite a long time - manufacturers indicate at least 100-150 thousand kilometers. But, given the quality of the fuel and the untimely replacement of fuel filters, the need to check and clean them may come after 80 thousand kilometers.
The need for dismantling appears most often closer to 100 thousand kilometers. The nozzles are calibrated, tested, and if necessary, changed and cleaned. Sometimes the cause of unstable engine operation can be just one element. There is no need to remove all parts. This is especially true for diesel engines, where the operation process is much more complicated compared to the gasoline counterpart.
Dismantling of injectors for diagnostics
Let's see how to remove the injectors to test them. For dismantling, you will need a standard set of screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, an injector or carburetor cleaner, and rags.
Consider the removal process using the example of VAZ engines. So, the first step is to reduce the pressure that forms in the fuel system. Most modern cars have a dedicated pressure regulator - it's on the side. It's nothing more than a special valve that you can push. As a result, the fuel from the ramp will go out, and the pressure level will begin to fall.
Gasoline is supplied to the nozzle at a sufficiently high pressure, so when working with them, precautions must be taken. A jet of gasoline or diesel fuel can cause significant damage.
When it was possible to relieve pressure, you need to remove the fuel rail. To do this, disconnect the connectors with wires. You can remove them with the help of special latches, which are an elastic bracket that you need to press. Next, use a screwdriver to shift the clamp in the direction along the ramp. After that, you can remove the nozzles.
Many car owners who do not know how to remove nozzles try to pull them out. But it's not the way to extract them. Dismantling is carried out after small turns or wiggles. Then, using a screwdriver, remove the o-rings - they are located on the nozzle sprayer on its body. It is worth remembering that these rings can only be used once - if they are removed once, they must be replaced.
Removal of diesel elements
It is also prone to failure due to fuel quality. The dismantling process in this case is different. The main feature is that this element is screwed into the motor like a spark plug. Operation of the injector at high temperatures leads to sticking of the part to the engine cylinder head.
The nozzle sticks due to moisture entering the well (where the element is installed). Further, the well is coked due to the breakthrough of exhaust gases there. Also, carbon deposits actively accumulate on the o-rings. The process of removing the fuel injector from a diesel engine, unlike a gasoline engine, requires the presence of an additional special tool and pullers. With the help of pullers, you can reduce the risk of thread damage, destruction of body parts.
After the thread has soured, it is very difficult to unscrew the part. In the process of dismantling, the nozzle body may simply burst. In this case, you only have to drill the part remaining in the cylinder head, then perform other manipulations. For those who do not know how to remove the injectors, a rebuild may be required. It must be remembered that the injector is an expensive part. You should carefully unscrew the part from its seat - this is the whole dismantling process.
Examination
There are many ways to check the injector. These are artisanal methods, as well as testing methods using special equipment. In the case of a self-test, only the opening/closing of the injector can be assessed. You can also make sure that the injector does not pour or overflow fuel. You can also evaluate the quality of the spray during a self-test. Not many people know how to check the removed nozzle, but you just need to connect the power and pass fuel or a cleaner through it.
As for diagnostics using professional stands, this equipment allows you to determine more parameters. This is the accuracy of operation, as well as the efficiency of all nozzles and each separately. This allows you to accurately and objectively evaluate the operation of the injection system.
Cleaning
We know how to remove injectors from an engine. You should also find out how the process of washing and cleaning them is carried out. There are two ways to wash them - with and without removal. A greater effect can only be achieved by flushing with removal.
The most common method involves the presence of keys for dismantling, a charged battery, two wires and terminals to them, as well as a cleaning fluid. The fuel rail is removed, and then the nozzle. Wires are connected to the latter. A bottle of cleaner is connected to the nozzle through the inlet. Then they press on the sprayer and close the wire on the battery, thereby activating the solenoid valve. You can also assemble a stand for cleaning nozzles. But it is very long and expensive.
without removal
This requires a flush cylinder. It is made independently. You will also need a compressor and pressure gauge, a hose that will be connected to the fuel rail. The cylinder is poured into the flushing cylinder and connected to the system. Next, start the engine and turn on the compressor. Cleaning will be completed when all the liquid is produced.
Here's how to flush the injectors without removing them. The disadvantage of this technique is that there is no way to control the level of pollution, as well as the degree of purification. But this operation requires the least time and effort.
In Russia, as, indeed, in other countries of the former CIS, there is a huge number of car filling stations. But not every one of them sells high-quality fuel that meets all norms and standards. Most often, gasoline contains not only dirt, but also various impurities and substances. These are phenols, sulfur, various lead acids. In addition, low-quality fuel has a low octane number. Every owner of an injection car should know how to remove nozzles. This is useful knowledge that can come in handy when owning a used car.
Symptoms of clogged injectors
In the process of using the car, the nozzles tend to become clogged. On machines with a mileage of 200 thousand or more, they can fail. Often the reason for the failure of the nozzle is exposure to high temperatures. Inside, this element is covered with varnish deposits. As a result, there are problems in the process of starting the engine, the engine is troit, it is unstable in all modes. Due to these deposits and contaminants, the ability to pass fuel is severely impaired. There are problems in the process of opening and closing the nozzles. All this leads to one or more of these symptoms.
Where are located
The injectors on an injection internal combustion engine are located in the fuel rail. Their number is equal to the number of cylinders in the engine.
When to check work
The nozzles responsible for supplying fuel can be operated for quite a long time - manufacturers indicate at least 100-150 thousand kilometers. But, given the quality of the fuel and the untimely replacement of fuel filters, the need to check and clean them may come after 80 thousand kilometers. 
The need for dismantling appears most often closer to 100 thousand kilometers. The nozzles are calibrated, tested, and if necessary, changed and cleaned. Sometimes the cause of unstable engine operation can be just one element. There is no need to remove all parts. This is especially true for diesel engines, where the operation process is much more complicated compared to the gasoline counterpart.
Dismantling of injectors for diagnostics
Let's see how to remove the injectors to test them. For dismantling, you will need a standard set of screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, an injector or carburetor cleaner, and rags.
Consider the removal process using the example of VAZ engines. So, the first step is to reduce the pressure that forms in the fuel system. Most modern cars have a special pressure regulator - it is located on the fuel rail. This is nothing more than a special valve that can be pressed. As a result, the fuel from the ramp will go out, and the pressure level will begin to fall. 
Gasoline is supplied to the nozzle at a sufficiently high pressure, so when working with them, precautions must be taken. A jet of gasoline or diesel fuel can cause significant damage.
When it was possible to relieve pressure, you need to remove the fuel rail. To do this, disconnect the connectors with wires. You can remove them with the help of special latches, which are an elastic bracket that you need to press. Next, use a screwdriver to shift the clamp in the direction along the ramp. After that, you can remove the nozzles.
Many car owners who do not know how to remove nozzles try to pull them out. But it's not the way to extract them. Dismantling is carried out after small turns or wiggles. Then, using a screwdriver, remove the o-rings - they are located on the nozzle sprayer on its body. It is worth remembering that these rings can only be used once - if they are removed once, they must be replaced.
Removal of diesel elements
The diesel fuel injector is also prone to failure due to fuel quality. The dismantling process in this case is different. The main feature is that this element is screwed into the motor like a spark plug. Operation of the injector at high temperatures leads to sticking of the part to the engine cylinder head.
The nozzle sticks due to moisture entering the well (where the element is installed). Further, the well is coked due to the breakthrough of exhaust gases there. Also, carbon deposits actively accumulate on the o-rings. The process of removing the fuel injector from a diesel engine, unlike a gasoline engine, requires the presence of an additional special tool and pullers. With the help of pullers, you can reduce the risk of thread damage, destruction of body parts. 
After the thread has soured, it is very difficult to unscrew the part. In the process of dismantling, the nozzle body may simply burst. In this case, you only have to drill the part remaining in the cylinder head, then perform thread restoration and other manipulations. Those who do not know how to remove the injectors may need to rebuild the cylinder head. It must be remembered that the nozzle is an expensive part. You should carefully unscrew the part from its seat - this is the whole dismantling process.
Examination
There are many ways to check the injector. These are artisanal methods, as well as testing methods using special equipment. In the case of a self-test, only the opening/closing of the injector can be assessed. You can also make sure that the injector does not pour or overflow fuel. You can also evaluate the quality of the spray during a self-test. Not many people know how to check the removed nozzle, but you just need to connect the power and pass fuel or a cleaner through it. 
As for diagnostics using professional stands, this equipment allows you to determine more parameters. This is the accuracy of operation, as well as the efficiency of all nozzles and each separately. This allows you to accurately and objectively evaluate the operation of the injection system.
Cleaning
We know how to remove injectors from an engine. You should also find out how the process of washing and cleaning them is carried out. There are two ways to wash them - with and without removal. A greater effect can only be achieved by flushing with removal. 
The most common method involves the presence of keys for dismantling, a charged battery, two wires and terminals to them, as well as a cleaning fluid. The fuel rail is removed, and then the nozzle. Wires are connected to the latter. A bottle of cleaner is connected to the nozzle through the inlet. Then they press on the sprayer and close the wire on the battery, thereby activating the solenoid valve. You can also assemble a stand for cleaning nozzles. But it is very long and expensive.
How to clean injectors without removing
This requires a flush cylinder. It is made independently. You will also need a compressor and pressure gauge, a hose that will be connected to the fuel rail. Liquid for cleaning nozzles is poured into the flushing cylinder, the cylinder is connected to the system. Next, start the engine and turn on the compressor. Cleaning will be completed when all the liquid is produced.
Here's how to flush the injectors without removing them. The disadvantage of this technique is that there is no way to control the level of pollution, as well as the degree of purification. But this operation requires the least time and effort.
The cost of cleaning nozzles in auto services is about 1,500 rubles, but you can clean them with your own hands.
To clean the nozzles with your own hands you will need:
Carburetor cleaner (about 2 cans);
brake hose;
Insulating tape;
Plastic clamps for electrical wiring;
A piece of 2-wire wire;
12 volt light bulb;
Knife (clerical or other)
The cost of all the above is about 300-400 rubles.
Nozzle cleaning process
Removing the fuel rail to clean the injectors:
1. Disconnect the "negative" wire from the battery.
2. Remove the rail with the fuel pressure regulator.
3. Disconnect the vacuum hose from the regulator.
4. Using two "17" wrenches, unscrew the fittings of the fuel pipes, releasing the fuel pressure.
5. Disconnect the ramp electrical connector.
6. Using a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew the screw of the fuel tube mounting bracket ... and remove it.
7. With a "5" hexagon, unscrew the two screws securing the ramp.
8. Pulling the ramp along the axis of the injectors, remove all four injectors from their seats and remove the ramp towards the left side of the vehicle.
Removing nozzles
1. Squeezing the spring clip, disconnect the electrical connector of the nozzle.
2. Using a screwdriver, move the nozzle retainer along the ramp ... and remove it.
3. Shaking the nozzle, we take it out of the ramp.
4. Prying off with a screwdriver with a thin sting, remove the sealing rings ... from the atomizer and nozzle body.
Making a homemade nozzle cleaner
1) We cut off a metal pressed nut from the rubber brake hose on 1 side.
2) We put the cut end of the hose on the nozzle, and fix it with a plastic clamp by tightening it.
3) At the other end of the hose we insert the tube included in the carburetor cleaner kit (if there is no such kit, we use a tube from WD-40 liquid). The remaining space between the tube and the brake hose can be filled with fum tape, unilok or use the remnants of soundproofing material. Then wrap tightly with electrical tape.
Rice. 1, 2,3. Homemade tool for cleaning nozzles.
4) The injectors are cleaned when a voltage of 12 V is applied to the injector, and in order not to burn the injector winding, we power the 12V bulb in series to the positive wire, make a break in the wire to ground by inserting a switch or crocodile clips, or using a working button, only then when you click on it. The whole circuit is connected to the battery.
Scheme of switching on the nozzle for cleaning.
1) We create pressure in the brake hose, for this we press the spray can several times.
2) We press the button, and apply voltage to the nozzle, the nozzle starts to spray.
3) Do not forget to press and hold the cleaner's sprayer to maintain pressure in the hose.
4) We clean the nozzle until the spray from the nozzle is uniform.
After cleaning the injectors, we assemble them back to the fuel rail, using new o-rings on all injectors from the side of the rail.
Install new O-rings very carefully, without the use of any tool, after lubricating them with engine oil or WD-40.
Install the injectors in the reverse order of removal, fixing them on the ramp with clamps, pre-squeezing them a little.
Reinstall the fuel rail, connect the fuel line, secure the ground terminal to the battery, turn the ignition key 3-4 times in the lock at 2-3 second intervals to pressurize the fuel rail, and check the tightness of the connection of the pipeline and injectors.
P.S. You should also change the fuel filter after cleaning the injectors, and preferably the fuel pump grid, and you should only refuel at proven gas stations, and preferably 95 gasoline.
Alexander Borisov, Samara
Injection nozzles are an integral part of a gasoline or diesel engine. This device is responsible for high-precision metered injection of fuel under a certain pressure into the intake manifold or directly into the combustion chamber, which depends on the design features and implementation of the power unit power circuit.
During operation, any injector nozzle tends to clog. On cars with high mileage, this device may fail, since these elements operate at high temperatures, often the fuel itself contains a lot of impurities. As a result, the inside of the nozzle is covered with varnish deposits.
For the above reasons, the throughput is disturbed, there may be problems with both opening and closing nozzles, etc. Under such conditions, the engine loses power, fuel consumption increases, cold starts become more difficult, and smoke is noted. In view of the foregoing, there is a periodic need, as well as for replacement. Next, we will look at how to remove the nozzles yourself, and we will also talk about how to check the removed nozzle.
Read in this article
When to Check Injectors and Fuel Injection Quality
Fuel injectors were originally designed for a fairly long service life (100-150 thousand km). At the same time, low-quality fuel and untimely replacement of fuel filters can lead to the need for cleaning after 30-40 thousand km. We add that to check and clean the injectors, there are ways that allow you to implement this procedure without removing them.
The urgent need to remove injection elements often arises closer to 100 thousand kilometers traveled, since devices by this time usually need not only cleaning, but also detailed testing, injector calibration or even replacement. The main reasons for such a procedure can be considered increased, noticeably increased fuel consumption, unstable operation of the engine in different modes (both under load and in transition).
In some cases, it is enough to identify only one faulty element, which allows you to get rid of the fault without having to remove all the injectors from the engine at once. This is especially true for diesel internal combustion engines, where dismantling can be somewhat complicated compared to gasoline counterparts. In short, each nozzle simply turns off in turn. The moment when one of the injectors is turned off and the engine stops smoking at the same time will indicate the need to remove and check a particular device without the need to remove the rest.
Removing injectors from the engine for diagnostics
On modern injection systems, the element is an electromagnetic device that opens on command to allow some of the fuel to pass through. On most vehicles, the injectors are mounted on the fuel rail (rail). The removal process may vary slightly depending on the type and design of the internal combustion engine, and different tools may also be needed. Often, in order to remove the fuel injectors, it is necessary to prepare:
- Screwdriver Set;
- multiple keys;
- pliers or pliers;
- carburetor cleaner;
- rags or suitable rags;
Now let's take a closer look at the process and answer the question of how to remove the nozzles on a VAZ or on any other injection car. First you need to reduce the pressure in the fuel system. Many car models have a fuel rail pressure regulator. This regulator is a valve that must be pressed. As a result, the fuel will leak out of the rail, the pressure will drop.
Remember, injectors deliver fuel at high pressure. For this reason, care should be taken when working with elements that are connected to the engine power system or are tested under conditions of fuel supply under pressure. The fact is that a jet of fuel can cause serious injury.
Next, you need to remove the fuel rail, on which the nozzles are fixed. For dismantling, it is necessary to disconnect the connectors with wires, which are fixed with a special clamp. The specified latch is a spring clip that must be pressed. Then you need to move the clamp along the ramp with a screwdriver. The injectors can now be removed.
Removal is carried out by slightly turning or shaking the device, after which it is necessary to remove the sealing rings with a flat screwdriver. Rings are usually placed on the body and on the atomizer. Note that after removal, the rubber o-rings of the injectors must be replaced.
Dismantling of injectors on diesel and direct injection engines
As for the need to remove diesel injectors or similar devices on engines with direct injection, in this case the procedure is somewhat different. The main difficulty is that the elements for supplying fuel are “screwed” into the engine like spark plugs. Working in conditions of strong heating often leads to sticking of nozzles to.
The device turns sour from the fact that moisture enters the nozzle well, coking of the well occurs after the breakthrough of exhaust gases, soot accumulates on the sealing ring, etc. The process of removing the nozzle on a diesel engine with a Common Rail system, as well as units with direct fuel injection, requires the additional presence of special pullers (reverse hammer) and other tools.
The presence of a tool and certain skills allows you to avoid frequent problems when trying to remove injectors on an internal combustion engine with direct injection: damage to the nozzle thread, destruction of the device body, finding part of the sprayer body in the cylinder head after the device is broken, etc.
In other words, the thread turns sour and the body can simply burst during dismantling. As a result, it is necessary to drill out the remaining parts, restore the thread and perform a number of other manipulations. In some cases, after unprofessional removal, a partial repair of the cylinder head may be necessary. It should also be remembered that the nozzles themselves are expensive devices. Replacing a broken item will result in additional financial costs.
How to check fuel injectors
There are many ways to test fuel injection devices, ranging from handicraft to testing on special diagnostic stands. When self-checking, it is often possible to evaluate only the ability of the device to open and close, to make sure that the nozzles do not “pour” or pour fuel, and also to visually assess the quality of the fuel spray (torch). To do this, power is supplied to the removed nozzle, and fuel or a cleaner is pumped through it.
We add that diagnostics on professional equipment allows you to determine the accuracy of operation and the efficiency of each element by comparing with the rest. This approach provides a much more objective assessment of serviceability and performance, since the operation of injection devices, when tested on a bench, simulates the operation of these elements on the motor in various modes.
Read also
Symptoms of malfunction and check of injector nozzles without dismantling. Injector power supply diagnostics, performance analysis. Councils and recommendations.
