V-belt transmission. device

A high-quality drive belt (aggregate belt) for a walk-behind tractor guarantees a long-term use of the device for cultivating acreage. Based on the intensity of operation and the resource of the equipment, it is necessary to select the appropriate unit belt. You can not purchase the first drive belt for the unit, which will be advised in the store. Increased physical properties of the unit will not make it work better if the unit itself is not designed for this.

Technical parameters of various modifications

Motoblocks of all manufacturers, whether it is Neva, Ural motorcycles with an UMZ-5V engine or Hyundai T-500, Euro-5 and many others, are produced almost according to the same scheme. Only in separate episodes we talk about different power and available functions. The manufacturer "Neva" made the top placement of the camshaft. As a result of the use of an air-cooled system, motorcycle belts need to be bought less frequently.

In the Cascade model line, the emphasis is on the use of a belt drive. The owner of the equipment must, in strict accordance with the specifications of the manufacturer, select belts for motorcycles. The slightest deviation from the prescribed requirements will provoke rapid wear of the mechanical elements. In essence, similar conditions are set for the Zubr units.

The Krot unit should also be mentioned, in which the belt drive is used for the same model A-710, A-750, where the length is 710-750 mm, the width is 13 mm, and the procedure for replacing them is similar to the Cascade.

Motoblocks are endowed with high power, which imposes specific restrictions on the permissible types of unit belts. It is strongly recommended to focus on products labeled A-1180. In the event of an unscheduled or scheduled repair, a flexible belt drive element with similar parameters is purchased.

Chinese-made walk-behind tractors are characterized by very great freedom when choosing a belt.

The belts of aggregates for motor vehicles, as well as for attachments, for example, a belt pump, are selected taking into account only one condition: the length and strength of the product cannot differ by +/-1.5% with the prototype. In this case, the use of analogues will not provoke a repeated failure.

Work at higher speeds

Expensive modifications of walk-behind tractors are endowed with several speeds. The indicated function allows you to optimize the procedure for sowing, harvesting or cultivating the field. But on the other hand, the operation of walk-behind tractors largely depends on the quality of the drive belt. The first thing to remember is that frequent gear changes do not have the best effect on the operation of the unit. For this reason, the use of penny and sometimes low-quality products should be abandoned.

Belting

To choose the right belt for motorcycle equipment, should have the following information:

• type of drive belt suitable specifically for your modification of the unit;
• its length;
• tension level;
• type of V-belt transmission (for specific models).

Varieties

Unit belts are:

• wedge;
• jagged;
• forward travel;
• reverse.

To ensure optimal tension and a long service life of not only the entire belt drive, but also the transmission, the size of the unit belt must be exactly matched to a specific modification of the walk-behind tractor. If you put extremely long products, as well as very short ones, they are quickly demolished and will create an extra load on the engine or gearbox. For example, a 750 mm Krot belt drive is installed on units with a domestic motor.

In addition to the above, before purchasing, it is necessary to check the product from the outside: the belt should not have damage, scratches, protruding threads, kinks. A quality product is one that retains a distinct factory pattern, and which cannot be stretched by hand.

How to choose the right size?

The belt size of your unit can be found in the documentation or by the number on the old product (if any). If you cannot find the dimensions, you can use a tape measure and a regular rope (cord). You can also use special tables.

Replacement and tuning

The flexible element of the belt drive on the walk-behind tractor can be replaced and adjusted independently.

The V-belt transmission reliably communicates the force from the motor, but over time the belt wears out, cracks and gusts form on it.

The task of changing it appears. This can be done in special service centers. This is the surest choice, but it will cost a lot. You can replace it yourself, and if you have ever repaired your car, you have experience working with equipment.

1. Remove the spent flexible element

First of all, remove the plastic safety cover by unscrewing the fixing nuts. After that, the belt of the units is removed, relaxing the tension between the pulley (friction wheel) of the gearbox and the motor.

On some modifications there are specialized devices for tensioning and loosening the belts. But usually this mechanism is absent in walk-behind tractors. To loosen the tension of the drive belt, loosen the motor fixing nuts (4 pieces) and move it to the right. Then we remove the belt. Do not forget to move the motor to the right side (to the left side) to tighten (loosen) the product only within 20 millimeters.

2. We put on new products

We install a new belt of aggregates in the reverse order. Then it is necessary to tighten it, taking into account its obligatory sagging by 10-12 millimeters. Be sure to check the alignment of the friction wheels of the gearbox and motor. We wrap the nuts of the motor fasteners diagonally.

When idle, the belt should turn without difficulty on the input shaft, but not jump off it. To bring the belt of the units into working status, the clutch handle is squeezed out, the cable lifts the pressure shaft up, pulling the belt.

3. Self tension

When the new product and the loop former (damper) are mounted, it is necessary to tension and adjust them, since the belt will immediately bend, which is considered unacceptable. This can reduce the duration of its use, the wheels will begin to slip, the engine will begin to smoke at idle.

To perform tension, it is required to clean the friction wheel with a rag, and also loosen the bolts fixing the motor to the chassis, turn the adjusting bolt with an 18 key in the direction of the clock hand, tensioning the device. At the same time, it is necessary to try the tension of the drive belt with the second hand so that it springs freely. If you overtighten it, it will also have a detrimental effect on the reliability of the bearing and belt.

When installing, all measures must be carried out gradually and carefully to avoid damage to the product. This can lead to its rupture or premature failure of the drive.

Upon completion of mounting and tensioning, it is necessary to check for distortions. The new product should stand evenly and not have kinks and distortions.

• Learn the purpose and how to properly operate, turn on and off the walk-behind tractor.
• Keep children and acquaintances away from the unit who have not read the instructions.
• Clear a workspace by removing all unnecessary items that can damage the walk-behind tractor
• Refuel with the engine stopped, in compliance with fire safety.
  • The canister must comply with the standards
  • Check the fuel tank for leaks after refuelling.
  • Do not make adjustments with the engine running.
• Start the engine in neutral and with the clutch disengaged
• It is not recommended during the operation of the walk-behind tractor to touch the exhaust pipe and high-voltage wires
• When working with a walk-behind tractor, observe safety precautions and in clothing.
• Keep hands and feet away from rotating parts when operating the walk-behind tractor.
• Work carefully on rough terrain, especially when reversing on roads.
• If you feel vibration during operation, stop the engine and find the cause, eliminate it. Feeling the vibration - you will fix the problem in time.
• When starting a technical inspection of the walk-behind tractor, make sure that the engine is turned off and all rotating parts are stopped.
• Working on uphills and downhills, changing direction on slopes, prolonged work at angles of more than 15° should be avoided.
• Friends and strangers must keep a certain distance from attachments and rotating parts of the machine.
• It is necessary to ventilate the premises and stop the engine when operating in greenhouses.
• It is better to work on a walk-behind tractor in the daytime or with good artificial lighting.
• To protect yourself from exposure to noise at work, you must: use hearing protection, as well as wear gloves and eye protection.
• To urgently stop the engine, take the ignition switch 1 (Fig. 11). The cord from the plug is in the right hand, if the operator removes his hand from the steering wheel, the plug breaks off the stop and closes the circuit, the engine stops.
• The HONDA GC 160 engine does not have an emergency stop switch (Fig. 11), so the engine is stopped by moving the throttle control lever to the STOP position.
• If you need to transfer the walk-behind tractor, transport it in a horizontal position so that oil does not flow out of the unit. On Fig. 3 shows the places of transfer or lifting.
• Absolutely forbidden:
  • oil and fuel must not get on hot engine parts;
  • the clutch is engaged and you want to change gear;
  • cultivate the soil, using the reverse gear, moving the walk-behind tractor "toward yourself";
  • start the unit in an unventilated room;
  • do not use the walk-behind tractor at night or in a poorly lit place;
  • use without protective covers and fences;
  • allow children to work with a walk-behind tractor;
  • movement of the walk-behind tractor under its own power on motorways and public roads;
  • use oils that do not meet the requirements of the manual;
  • operation of a walk-behind tractor with a low oil level in the engine, engine gearbox and walk-behind tractor gearbox, than is provided in the operating manual for the engine and walk-behind tractor;
  • during the break-in period of the walk-behind tractor, use it for maximum load.

Rice. 2. Motoblock Favorit (left view ¾).

1 - steering wheel; 2 - rod; 3 - steering wheel support; 4 - pulley casing; 5 - engine with gearbox; 6 - wheel; 7 - shield; 8 - support of the hinged device; 9 - motor block gearbox; 10 - oil filler plug; 11 - clutch lever.

DEVICE MOTOBLOK FAVORITE.

The walk-behind tractor consists of the following main parts and assemblies:

• motor 5 with gearbox (Fig. 2);
• reducer 9 (Fig. 2);
• wheels 6 (Fig. 2);
• shields 7 (Fig. 2);
• steering wheel 1 (Fig. 2);
• clutch lever 11 (Fig. 2);
• rudder bars 2 (Fig. 2);
• hinged device supports 8 (Fig. 2);
• throttle control lever 3 (Fig. 3);
• gearshift lever 5 (Fig. 3);
• rudder supports 3 (Fig. 2);
• steering wheel fixation handles 2 and 4 (Fig. 3);
• pulley cover 4 (Fig. 2);
• engine belt cover 1 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Motoblock Favorit (right view).

1 - engine pulley casing; 2 - handle for fixing the steering wheel in a horizontal plane; 3 - engine throttle control lever; 4 - handle for fixing the steering wheel in a vertical plane; 5 - gear lever.

mooring places for a walk-behind tractor (for transfer or lifting).

Rice. 4. Motoblock Favorit with rotors for cultivation.

1 - king pin; 2 - coulter; 3 - quick-release pin; 4 - axis; 5 - coulter holder; 6 - axis; 7 - universal hitch; 8 - oil outlet of the gearbox; 9 - short rotor sleeve; 10 - left knife; 11 - long rotor sleeve; 12 - rotor disk; 13 - right knife.

MOTOBLOCK PREPARATION FOR WORK.

Motoblock depreservation.

To protect parts from corrosion, the walk-behind tractor goes on sale mothballed. Before starting the operation of the walk-behind tractor, it must be depreserved in the following order

Remove external preservation grease, which can be easily removed from metal-coated parts, with a rag soaked in gasoline, followed by wiping dry.

Assembling a walk-behind tractor for cultivation.

Set the steering wheel in a position convenient for you and fix it with handles 2 and 4 (See Fig. 3). Assemble the rotors and install them on the gearbox shaft according to Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7.

First of all, rotors with a short sleeve are assembled 9 Fig. 4.

ATTENTION! Note the alternation of right 1 and left 2 knives on the same rotor (See Fig. 5 and 6).

1 - left knife; 2 - right knife; 3 - bolt M8; 4 - spring washer; 5 - nut M8; 6 - washer 8.

The knives are attached to the rotor hub with bolts 3, washers 4, 6 and nuts 5, as shown in Fig. 5 and 6 in such a way that the cutting edges of the knives enter the ground when the walk-behind tractor moves forward.

Rice. 6. Right rotor.

1 - right knife; 2 - left knife.

After assembling the rotors, it is necessary to install them on the gearbox shaft, insert them into the axle hole, fix them with cotter pins (Fig. 7). With the correct assembly of the left and right rotors Fig. 5 and 6, the gap between the ends of the inner knives and the frame body must be at least 5 mm.

Rice. 7. Mounting the assembled rotors on the motor block gearbox shaft.

Similarly, rotors with long bushings 11 (Fig. 4) are assembled and installed as shown in Fig. 4. The rotors are assembled with each other and the rotor discs using axles. Rotor disks 12 (Fig. 4) are installed on the walk-behind tractor during tillage between plants.

Check the tightness of all fasteners, tighten loose fasteners. Install universal hitch 7, opener holder 5 and opener 2 according to (Fig. 4), fixing them with pins 1 and axles 6 and 4, fixing them with cotter pins 3.

Checking the oil level in the motoblock engine.

Oil level control must be carried out in the engine crankcase, engine gearbox and walk-behind tractor gearbox. To do this, install the walk-behind tractor on a horizontal surface. Check the oil level in the motor gearbox (Fig. 8) by unscrewing screw 1 of the control hole. If necessary, add oil to its level through the oil filling hole 4 (Fig. 10).

To check the oil level in the walk-behind tractor gearbox, do the following:

• drain the oil through the oil drain hole 8 (Fig. 4) into a clean container;
• measure the amount of drained oil. If the oil is less than 1100 ml, add;
• fill the gearbox with oil through the oil filler hole 10 (Fig. 2).

ATTENTION! To control the oil level and refuel the engine crankcase with oil in accordance with the operating manual for the walk-behind tractor engine.

Rice. 8. Oil drain and control hole of the engine gearbox.

1 - screw of the control hole of the engine gearbox; 2 - screw oil drain hole of the engine gearbox.

Change of oil.

The oil in the engine gearbox and the walk-behind tractor gearbox is changed after the first 25 hours of operation.

In the future, change the oil in the engine gearbox and the walk-behind tractor gearbox after every 250 hours of operation.

It is recommended to change the oil immediately after work, i.e. when the oil is still warm. Drain the oil through the oil drain hole. Fill in fresh oil through the oil filler hole.

ORDER OF WORK WITH MOTOBLOCKS.

How to start the engine.

Before starting the motor block engine, perform the following operations:

• The clutch lever must be in the position shown in fig. 12, off position;
• set gearshift lever 5 (Fig. 3) to neutral position (position between first and second gear);
• carry out the preparatory work presented in the operation manual for the engine;
• engine throttle control lever 3 (Fig. 3) is located on the right handlebar of the walk-behind tractor;
• start the engine following the instructions in the engine operation manual;
• after warming up the engine, go to the operating mode.

Depending on the type of work performed, set the required speed and engage the required gear. Gear shifting is carried out by lever 5 (Fig. 3) of the walk-behind tractor gearbox. The number of gears and the position of the lever - according to the sticker on the wheel guard. The operating mode is carried out by smoothly moving the clutch lever to the “On” position (Fig. 1

Running in a new walk-behind tractor.

The first 25 hours of operation of the walk-behind tractor are the period of running-in of its parts and assemblies, therefore, overloading the walk-behind tractor during this period is unacceptable.

Start work on the walk-behind tractor only after the engine has warmed up.

Cultivate the soil (when working with a cultivator) in two or three steps at a depth of no more than 10 cm in one pass; we recommend cultivating the soil in second gear

Use the throttle lever no more than half of its travel.

Do not allow the motor block engine to operate with the gear engaged and the clutch disengaged.

Motoblock stop.

To stop the walk-behind tractor, do the following:

• move the clutch control lever to the “Off” position (Fig. 12);
• set the throttle control lever to the “Stop” position;
• turn off the ignition by pressing the "Stop" button on the engine, check if the gas tank cock is closed.

OPERATION OF MOTOBLOK FAVORIT.

Running in a new walk-behind tractor.

Changing the soil tillage speed is achieved by changing the gear ratio of the V-belt drive by rearranging the pulleys installed on the engine gearbox and the walk-behind tractor gearbox (See section 7.4). After changing the ratio of the V-belt drive, adjust it (See section 7.3).

Start the engine. Engage second gear. The gear must be engaged with the clutch lever in the "Engaged" position. Slowly moving the clutch lever from the “Off” to the “On” position will cause the rotational movement of the rotors currently installed on the output shaft of the walk-behind tractor gearbox.

The depth of tillage (up to 25 cm) depends on the position of the coulter: the deeper the coulter enters the ground, the deeper its cultivation. Set the required coulter position after selecting the required tillage depth. Work a small area of ​​soil, determine how deep the rotating knives go, and set the coulter in the desired position. If the required depth is not achieved, remove one pair of rotors.

The required width of the cultivated soil is adjusted by installing two, four or six rotors.

If the engine of the walk-behind tractor increases speed with a simultaneous decrease in the depth of processing, press the handlebars, deepen the coulter.

If the walk-behind tractor does not move forward, and the rotors “burrow”, slightly lift it by the handlebars and remove it from this position.

If the walk-behind tractor "leads" towards the treated area, then part of the rotor goes along the treated soil. Move the walk-behind tractor to the opposite side.

When cultivating loose soil, make sure that the rotors do not sink completely into the soil, thereby causing an overload of the engine.

On hard soils, virgin and soddy areas, work in several passes, each time increasing the depth of processing, changing the position of the coulter. At the same time, good crushing of soil clods is achieved and its most uniform structure is ensured. The processing of the above soils should be carried out with the minimum rotational speed of the cultivator knives (in 1st gear).

In order to avoid trampling the cultivated soil, it is possible to turn the handlebars to the required angle, which allows the operator to be behind, on the side of the walk-behind tractor.

In order to avoid trampling the cultivated soil, it is possible to turn the handlebars to the required angle, which allows the operator to be behind, on the side of the walk-behind tractor. When cultivating the soil, constantly monitor the maintenance of the horizontal position of the walk-behind tractor.

When working on slopes, be especially careful when changing direction. Guide the cultivator diagonally or across the slope. It is not allowed to move the cultivator on a slope with a slope of more than 15°.

Upon completion of work on the walk-behind tractor:

• move the clutch control lever to the "Off" position;
• move the throttle control lever to the "Stop" position;
• turn on the neutral gear of the gearbox;
• turn off the ignition by pressing the "Stop" button;
• close the fuel cock.
• Carry out the necessary maintenance of the walk-behind tractor (Section 8).

Working with additional attachments to the walk-behind tractor.

Carefully study the Manual (instruction) for the operation of the mounted (trailed) implement. According to the manual (instruction) for the operation of the mounted (trailed) implement, prepare it for work. Connect the mounted (trailed) implement to the walk-behind tractor.

To work with active attachments (mower, snow blower, etc.), you must:

• loosen the fastening of the rod with handle 2 (Fig. 3);
• turn the steering wheel with controls by 180 °;
• tighten the rod fastening with handle 2 (Fig. 3).

On the walk-behind tractor gearbox there is a power take-off shaft with a single-stranded pulley installed on it, for driving attachments. The drive is carried out by an additional V-belt supplied with a specific unit.

To work with a plow, hiller, walk-behind shovel and snow blower, use lugs.

V-belt control.

Adjust the V-belt transmission by moving the engine relative to the frame of the walk-behind tractor. To do this, remove the protective cover and loosen the nuts securing the engine to the frame and the jumpers between the engine gearbox and the steering wheel support.

The engine is located in such a way that when the clutch is engaged, the belt branch bends from the force of the finger by 30 ... 40 mm at an equidistant distance between the pulleys.

When the clutch is engaged, the belt must not touch the upper and lower limiters. The gap between the belt and the lower limiter is within 7 ... 15 mm (Fig. 8).

Adjust the clutch cable tension with the adjusting screw (Fig. 12) by loosening the lock nut on the clutch lever housing.

The tension of the clutch cable should be minimal, but not cause the V-belt to slip. The criteria for failure and limit state of belts should be considered breakage, cracks to the depth of the carrier layer, delamination by more than 1/3 of the length and the inability to compensate for the elongation of the belt in the walk-behind tractor drive.

ATTENTION! When fixing the engine, check the location of the working grooves of the V-belt pulleys, they must be located in the same plane. Permissible deviation is not more than 2.5 mm.

Speed ​​regulation.

The walk-behind tractor provides for the possibility of increasing the number of speeds by installing two-strand pulleys (Fig. 10). To do this, remove the casing 1 (Fig. 3) and drive belt 1 from the groove "A". Loosen the bolts securing the pulleys 2 and 3, remove the pulleys, and by turning both pulleys 180°, install them in their original places and secure with bolts. Install the drive belt on the "B" creek.

Rice. 10. V-belt drive (Motoblock engine belt cover removed).

1 - belt B (B) - 850 - IV; 2 - driven pulley; 3 - leading pulley; 4 - oil filling hole of the engine gearbox.

Rice. 11. The position of the ignition switch when the walk-behind tractor is running.

1 - ignition switch.

Regulation of the position of the steering wheel of the walk-behind tractor.

The handlebar height is adjusted as follows:

• loosen the handle 4 for fixing the steering wheel (Fig. 3);
• raise or lower the steering wheel to the required height and tighten the handle 4.

To turn the steering wheel, loosen the handle 2 (Fig. 3), turn the steering wheel to the required angle and tighten the handle.

Maintenance consists of washing, refueling, lubricating, checking and tightening all threaded connections.

Care of the external surfaces of the walk-behind tractor.

At the end of work on the walk-behind tractor, it must be washed from dirt, sand and other inclusions until they are completely removed.

Check tightness of all screw connections.

Carry out maintenance of the engine in accordance with the operation manual for the engine of the walk-behind tractor.

Motoblock maintenance.

Before starting operation, check:

• oil level in the engine, engine gearbox;
• reliability of fastening available parts of the walk-behind tractor;
• condition of the drive V-belt;
• pulley pressure.

Every 25…30 hours of operation:

• adjust the V-belt drive;
• check the amount of oil in the walk-behind tractor gearbox (see paragraph 5.3).

RULES OF STORAGE OF MOTOBLOCKS.

Store the walk-behind tractor in a room with natural ventilation. It is not allowed to store the walk-behind tractor and accessories to it in the same room with chemically active substances.

Short-term storage of the walk-behind tractor (up to one month).

Carry out the work according to clause 8.1 and perform the corresponding work according to the engine manual.

Long-term storage of the Favorit walk-behind tractor.

Carry out the work according to clause 9.1. Lubricate all moving (rotating and translational) parts and tools with engine oil or grease. Carry out appropriate work on the engine according to the engine manual. For a long period of storage, put the walk-behind tractor on a stand. Inspect the walk-behind tractor once every three months. If a coating failure or rust formation is detected, the area must be cleaned and lubricated or painted over.

At the end of storage, before starting operation, depreserve the walk-behind tractor in accordance with clause 5.1.

FAULTS AND METHODS FOR THEIR ELIMINATION.

See the operating manual for the walk-behind tractor engine and use the recommendations given in the table.

LIST OF AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER MOUNTED IMPLEMENTS WHICH ARE RECOMMENDED FOR USE WITH THE FAVORIT MOTOR BLOCK.

1. P1 - 20/2 plow or MK Mole motor cultivator plow.
2. Okuchnik OH - 2/2.
3. Hitch CB 1/1 MB Favorit.
4. Grousers 460x160.
5. Trolley trailer TPM-350-2 MB Favorit, TO-200 MK Krot.
6. Shovel (dump for snow) motor-block MB Favorit.
7. Motoblock sweeper brush ShchM-0.9 Favorit.
8. Motor-block mower KM - 0.5 MB Favorit.
9. Motor-block snow blower SM-0.6 MB Favorit.
10. Harrow.
11. Potato digger KV - 2.
12. Frame SU - 4.

Technical characteristics and the procedure for connecting mounted implements to the Favorit walk-behind tractor are set out in the instruction manual for the relevant implements, and you can also look at the Web site: in the sections gardening equipment and useful information about gardening equipment. The weight of the transported cargo in the trailer must not exceed 200 kg.
Operating instructions (manual) for motor cultivators mole models: MK-3-04, MK-3-06, MK-4-01, MK-5-01, MK-6-01, MK-7-01, MK-8- 01"
Pumping unit UN - 1 to the motor cultivator "KROT"
Operating manual for motor cultivator Mole (models MK-5-01, MK-9-01)

Each owner of a walk-behind tractor needs to know what characteristics the belt used to operate the device has. The Neva units differ in some features, so this should be taken into account when choosing a new belt for a walk-behind tractor.

When buying a part, you need to carefully study the instructions provided with the equipment.

Features of motoblocks "Neva"

There are many modifications of this walk-behind tractor (MB-2, MB-23, etc.). Each device has its own type of belt. Mostly used motoblocks MB-1 - motor cultivators of the old modification. It should be noted that the operation of the MB-1 and MB-2 devices is based on the V-belt transmission mechanism. This system ensures the movement of the unit forward and backward, respectively, without its help, the device simply will not work. In the motoblocks of the MB-1 modification, a V-belt transmission of both moves is built in. In MB-2 releases, only one forward gear is used. Based on this, in order to choose a belt for the Neva walk-behind tractor, you should stock up on the following data:

• you need to know the type of belt that matches your specific model of the unit;
• belt length;
• the degree of tension of the part;
• type of V-belt transmission (for certain modifications).

Types of belts

The belts in the walk-behind tractor are as follows:

• wedge
• forward
• reversing

The following table will help in the process of choosing a belt.

You can change the belt yourself. To tighten the belt, you must apply a certain amount of force, but it is important not to overdo it so that it does not burst.

It is necessary not only to choose the right belt for the Neva walk-behind tractor, but also to know how to install it. First make sure you get all dimensions correct. The belt replacement processes for the units of these two samples are different from each other. For MB-1, the sequence of actions is as follows:

• the first step is to remove the casing from the V-belt mechanism;
• then you need to carefully remove the rear bar from the pulley;
• take the key and make the spring-loaded roller weaker;
• the part itself is removed;
• the next step is to tighten the new belt;
• in the end, we return to the place those parts that were removed and strengthen them.

For MB-2 we see a slightly different course of action:

• the first action is similar to the previous scheme;
• then in the same way we loosen the tension of the strap;
• next you need to unscrew those screws that secure the bracket;
• pull out the belt;
• we make adjustment of pulleys;
• we put another part into the mechanism (remember that you first need to tension it on the gearbox shaft, and then on the pulley located in the motor);
• collecting everything again.

As a rule, the belt is reinstalled if some kind of breakdown occurs during operation. But sometimes the owners of the equipment just want to replace the part with a newer and not so worn one. In addition, there is another way to increase the productivity of the walk-behind tractor - you can put a second belt. Installing the second belt on the Neva walk-behind tractor takes approximately ten minutes.

In general, when replacing a belt on the Neva, one should take into account what developments this or that modification is based on. For example, the Neva-mini (MK-100) differs from other models in that its production uses designs made back in Soviet times. The following video will tell you more about choosing a belt and replacing it.

Among a large number of universal domestic, Chinese, Japanese motor units for cultivating the land, the Neva 2MB motor-block stands out for its relatively low price, reliability in operation and traditionally heavy maintenance of the device. Previous Neva-1 models often became the object of criticism due to the poor quality of the walk-behind tractor engine. Today the situation has changed dramatically. The engine for the Neva-2MB walk-behind tractor is made more or less reliable, or an imported one is installed, but there is still no information on maintenance and intelligible operating instructions.

What is a Neva 2 walk-behind tractor

The powerful motor unit manufactured by the Krasny Oktyabr company is equipped with three engine options for the motor block:

• Gasoline engine manufactured by the Kaluga plant, the most commonly used modification is DM-1, DM-2, with a power of 6 and 7 hp. respectively. The first works on the A-76, the second on the A-95. In this case, the letter “K” is added to the index of the walk-behind tractor according to the instructions;
• American motors from Briggs & Stratton. The version of the walk-behind tractor with the index "B" is considered the most reliable and easy to maintain, even without any instructions;
• Subarovskie motors, when equipped with them, the Neva walk-behind tractor is assigned the index "C". The engines have a similar power of 6-7 horses, but there are also diesel versions with colossal torque. The most capricious in maintenance and operation, all operations, even refueling and starting, must be carried out only according to the instructions.

For your information! For various modifications of the Neva walk-behind tractor, different brands of A-92 or A-95 gasoline are used.

About what specific fuel is used for a particular model of walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to clarify according to the passport and operating instructions. For example, an attempt to fill a Subarovsky engine with 92nd gasoline during operation can lead to burnout of the piston system, and walk-behind tractors with American Briggs often had serious problems with starting and controlling engine speed due to the large amount of dirt in domestic fuel.

General parameters of the Neva 2MB walk-behind tractor, taken from the instruction manual:

• The mass of the unit in the filled state reaches 100 kg. This is an average for most walk-behind tractors, Chinese heavy versions can reach 150-180 kg;
• Motor power -6 hp, with a torque of 180 kg?s, for a diesel engine the torque is increased to 220 kg?s;
• The plowing depth according to the instructions, when using a standard plow, on a walk-behind tractor reaches 200 mm, the maximum harrowing width is 170 cm.

The machine can plow, harrow, dig up potatoes planted in beds, clean snow and much more, provided that the standard nozzles provided for in the instruction manual are used.

The main problem of the operation of Neva walk-behind tractors

A large amount of tar, dirt, water in domestic fuel completely kills imported engines during operation. Therefore, the owners use a technique that is not in any instruction manual - they fill in imported gasoline, preferably Finnish, or they use fuel cleaning with slotted carbon filters under pressure.

In this case, the service life of a walk-behind tractor with a Subarovsky engine will easily exceed the estimated 10 years, and the Neva, equipped with Briggs & Stratton, can run on good engine oil and proper operation for 15-20 years without engine overhaul.

The operation of a walk-behind tractor in the mode of a motor-cultivator, in fact, is the most unfavorable for any motor, but for some reason it is mostly Kaluga DM-2 motors that burn. These engines are designed for the most average quality fuel and oil, for the most merciless operation, so the developers equipped this version with a sleeved version of the block, assuming an increase in the total service life up to 10 years.

According to the instructions, the owner can replace or repair the sleeves. But in practice, the masters say that problems with the operation and overheating of the DM-2 arise precisely because of the low rigidity of the sleeve and poor heat dissipation.

The main problems of operating the Neva MB walk-behind tractor

It so happened the fate of the walk-behind tractor that each of the nodes requires regular attention and periodic maintenance, regardless of which engine is installed on the unit. But even Subaru and Briggs engines require periodic flushing and adjustment of carburetors during operation, with cleaning of the needle valve seat from accumulated dirt, cleaning of the spark plug.

Reducer and V-belt transmission

The next most important unit of the walk-behind tractor is the gear-belt gearbox. The mechanism consists of two parts - a gear reducer and a V-belt transmission. The walk-behind tractor gearbox is assembled in a light alloy housing and filled with oil. According to the instructions, the oil is changed after the first 200 hours of operation. There are no problems with oil, TAD17i is suitable, there are problems with deformation and splitting of the gearbox housing, quick operation of sealing glands and emerging leaks. The gearbox provides two gears forward and one reverse. Two more gears are obtained by shifting the V-belt drive belt.

The belt of the Neva-2 motoblock, according to the instructions, must be of the A1180-A45 standard. This is the most consumable and wear part of the transmission, because instead of the traditional disc clutch, which even the Chinese quite often install on their Bisons, the Neva uses a V-belt clutch, which is more than a hundred years old. It is clear that the service life of such a mechanism is ten times less than the ferrido system.

According to the instructions, the clutch works as follows:

• When you press the lever-handle, the force is transmitted through a flexible cable to the tension roller, which tensions the belt and selects the slack, ensuring the engagement of the narrow side belt drive with the pulley cheeks;
• When the lever is released, the return coil spring increases slack and loosens the belt's grip on the pulleys.

For your information! This principle of engaging the clutch, according to the instructions, ensures the stop of the Neva MB walk-behind tractor, if suddenly during the operation the “iron horse” escaped from the hands.

But unfortunately, regular stretching of the twisted spring to the maximum leads to its weakening, and, as a result, burning of the belt at maximum speed. Therefore, during operation, you have to regularly stop the walk-behind tractor in order to adjust the strap tension according to the instructions. The deflection of the belt in the center when pressed with a force of 5 kg, according to the instructions, should not exceed 9-10 mm.

Motor DM-2

For the operation of the walk-behind tractor, according to the instructions, pure unleaded gasoline of the A-92 brand is used. If you use a clean canister for intermediate storage, and be sure to defend the fuel before starting operation, and do not fill the last 100-150 ml into the tank, but carefully drain it for other purposes, then there should be no problems with the operation of the motor.

The most sore point of the motoblock engine is its carburetor. Not only is it almost impossible to adjust the operation according to the instructions, but even at the factory settings, the needle does not lock, it regularly pours fuel into the intake tract. Accordingly, after 20-30 hours, the engine oil in the crankcase turns into a smelly goo.

According to the instructions, M10GI mineral oils are used to refuel the engine crankcase; in practice, semi-synthetics and synthetics are poured, for example, 10W40 is about 1.3 liters. For the gearbox, the instruction requires refueling 2.2 liters.

Advice! If it is not possible to adjust the hanging of the needle, and gasoline regularly enters the crankcase, then it is better to buy an inexpensive mineral water and change it every 50 hours of run.

To start the engine according to the instructions, you need:

• Open the tap, pump fuel into the carburetor and move the pump leg to the winding position;
• Hole a couple of times with the damper open;
• Fully close the choke and start the engine.

Of course, when the engine of the walk-behind tractor is hot, the start is carried out with an open damper.

Plow adjustment

In order to get the required plowing depth and blade direction, you need to know how to set up a plow on a walk-behind tractor. According to the instructions, the plow is attached to the hitch using an adjustable bracket and kingpin. Installation and adjustment of the plow is carried out in two stages.

At the first stage of operation, the height of the plow is adjusted; for the Neva, the vertical bar must be set higher or lower in a row of ready-made holes. The optimal height is 7-9 cm.

After trial operation of the plow, you will need to set the angle of attack of the cutting edge. To do this, according to the instructions, a walk-behind tractor, shod in lugs, is installed on a flat surface. A stand 15 cm high is placed under the left wheel, and by turning the fastening head, the inclination of the cutting edge to the surface of the coating is adjusted.

Conclusion

The operation of a walk-behind tractor requires not only considerable patience and physical strength, but also the desire to understand the curves and not always accurate wording of the manufacturer's instructions. A good addition to the practical guide are reviews of the problems and breakdowns of the walk-behind tractor, especially with imported engines. If domestic equipment is still subject to self-repair, then with Japanese motor blocks, restoration, as always, costs a pretty penny.

The walk-behind tractor consists of the following main components: engine 1, transmission 2, running gear 3 and controls 4.

Engine and its support systems

The motoblock drive is a classic internal combustion engine with all the systems necessary for its operation. In light and medium class cars, four-stroke gasoline engines are used (see about the design and operation of a four-stroke engine). Heavy-duty motoblocks are often equipped with diesel engines. In obsolete and some lightweight models, you can sometimes (rather rarely) find a two-stroke gasoline engine.

The device of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Honda) of a walk-behind tractor: 1 - fuel filters, 2 - crankshaft, 3 - air filter, 4 - part of the ignition system, 5 - cylinder, 6 - valve, 7 - crankshaft bearing.

Most motoblock users have to deal with air-cooled four-stroke gasoline engines. These engines have the following systems to ensure their operation:

• A fuel supply system designed for preparing an air-fuel mixture, consisting of a fuel tank with a cock, a fuel hose, a carburetor, and an air filter.
• Lubrication system that provides lubrication of rubbing parts.
• A starting mechanism (starter) designed to spin the crankshaft. Many engines are equipped with an easy start mechanism that reduces the starting force by using a device on the camshaft that opens the exhaust valve on the compression stroke and thereby reduces the compression in the cylinder when the crankshaft spins up. Heavy walk-behind tractors are sometimes equipped with battery-powered electric starters. Some models have electric and manual start. The latter is used as a backup.
• A cooling system that removes heat from the engine cylinder block by a stream of air pumped by the flywheel impeller when the crankshaft rotates.
• An ignition system that ensures uninterrupted sparking at the spark plug. A rotating flywheel with a magnetic shoe induces an emf in the magneto, which is converted by an electronic circuit into electrical signals supplied to the candle. As a result, a spark jumps between the contacts of the latter, igniting the air-fuel mixture.

1 - electronic magneto, 2 - screw, 3 - magnetic shoe.

The starting mechanism and ignition system of the Cascade MB6 walk-behind tractor: 1 - starter handle, 2 - fan housing, 3 - protective casing, 4 - cylinder, 5 - cylinder head, 6 - magneto, 7 - flywheel.

• The gas distribution system responsible for the timely entry of the air-fuel mixture into the engine cylinder and the release of exhaust gases. The composition of the gas distribution system includes a silencer designed for the directed release of exhaust gases and noise reduction.

Note that engines are sold with all its systems, and if there is an idea to make a walk-behind tractor with your own hands, then the purchased engine will already have a gas tank, an air filter, a starter, etc., for example, here (only it’s better to buy through the Internet store, because in a regular store of this network, the price may be higher).

The figure below shows the Honda GX series engine of the GX200 QX4 model, which is widely used in domestic-made walk-behind tractors. The power of the unit is 5.5 hp. It has a horizontal crankshaft and a high compression ratio for efficient fuel combustion and low carbon deposits.

Transmission

The transmission is used to transmit torque from the engine to the wheels and change the speed and direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor. It usually consists of several units connected in series with each other: a gearbox, a differential (in some models), a clutch, a gearbox. These elements can be structurally performed as separate units or combined in one housing. The gearbox serves to switch speeds, which can be of different numbers (up to 6 forward and 2 rear), and at the same time is a gearbox.

By their type, transmission units (reducers and gearboxes) can be gear, belt, chain, or various combinations of both.

classical gear transmission, consisting only of cylindrical and bevel gears, is mainly used on heavy walk-behind tractors and some models of medium machines. As a rule, it has a reverse and several lowering steps.

The figure below shows the gear transmission of the Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor, consisting of cylindrical and bevel gears. The engine is rigidly attached to the gearbox, which in turn is rigidly connected to the bevel gear. The design of the NMB-1 walk-behind tractor does not have chain and belt drives, which, according to its developers, are an unreliable link in transmissions due to the tendency to break, damage and belt slippage.

Scheme of the gearbox of the Ugra NMB-1 motoblock: 1 - Clutch fork, 2 - Retaining ring, 3 - Adjusting ring, 4 - Bearing, 5 - Retaining ring, 6 - Adjusting ring, 7 - Retaining ring, 8 - Cuff, 9 - Retaining ring, 10 - Bearing, 11 - First gear and reverse gear, 12 - Second and third gear, 13 - Adjusting ring, 14 - Bearing, 15 - Driven gear shaft, 16 - Driving gear shaft.

Scheme of the angular gearbox of the Ugra NMB-1 (N) walk-behind tractor: 1 - Locking ring, 2 - Adjusting ring, 3 - Bevel gear, 4 - Adjusting rings, 5 - Bearing, 6 - Intermediate gear shaft, 7 - Upper housing, 8 - Output shaft, 9 - Adjusting rings, 10 - Bearing, 11 - Bevel gear, 12 - Retaining ring, 13 - Boot cup, 14 - Boot, 15 - Cuff, 16 - Adjusting rings, 17 - Lower housing, 18 - Adjusting gasket, 19 - Bearing, 21 - Cover, 22 - Gear, 23 - Gear, 24 - Shaft.

The torque from the crankshaft is transmitted to the drive shaft 16 (Gearbox Diagram) of the gearbox and is removed from the bevel gear of the driven shaft 15 by the vertical shaft 6 of the angular gearbox (Angular Gear Diagram), which transmits rotation to the hexagonal shaft 8 of the drive wheels. In order to avoid disruption of the correct operation of the transmission, it is not recommended to disassemble the walk-behind tractor transmission, which can lead to a misalignment of the gears.

The gearbox by its design is mechanical two-way with 3 gears forward and 1st reverse. The transmission has two power take-off shafts (A) and (B).

Worm and gear transmissions, consisting of two gearboxes - the upper gear and the lower worm gear - are usually used on light walk-behind tractors. The crankshaft of the engine has a vertical arrangement. Sometimes machines with a gear-worm transmission are equipped with a centrifugal automatic clutch. A similar device of a walk-behind tractor provides an increased compactness of the unit.

Belt-gear, belt-chain and belt-gear-chain transmissions are quite common in light and medium walk-behind tractors. The engine rotates the shaft of a gear or chain gearbox using a belt drive, which is also a clutch. Gear-chain transmissions are often implemented in one crankcase.

For a belt drive, to change the speed of the walk-behind tractor and take off power, the pulleys can have an additional stream. The advantages of such a transmission include a simpler disassembly and assembly of a walk-behind tractor than in the case of a gear transmission.

The figure below shows the V-belt transmission of the GreenField walk-behind tractor model MB-6.5 (with a belt-gear transmission), which, along with torque transmission and speed reduction, also performs the functions of a clutch and a gearbox (shifting speeds).

The clutch function is implemented using a tension roller and a control mechanism consisting of a link and a system of levers that allow you to change the position of the roller that tightens or loosens the belt and, accordingly, turns on or off the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Gear shifting is carried out with the help of two-strand pulleys. By rearranging the belt from one stream to another, they get a different speed of the walk-behind tractor.

A similar scheme is implemented in the domestic Salyut 5 walk-behind tractor, shown in the figure below. The V-belt transmission transmits rotation to the gear reducer of the walk-behind tractor.

As a rule, motoblock transmissions have PTO shafts, providing the transmission of torque to the working bodies of the machine. By their type and location in the transmission, power take-off shafts can be independent, located before the clutch and rotating regardless of its state (disengaged or engaged), or dependent, located after the clutch, and synchronous to a certain gear. In one walk-behind tractor there can be several power take-off shafts - different in type and speed of rotation.

Clutch

The clutch, which is part of the transmission, performs several functions. Transfer of torque from the engine crankshaft to the gearbox (gearbox) shaft, disconnection of the gearbox and engine during gear shifting, ensuring smooth starting of the walk-behind tractor and stopping it without turning off the engine.

Structurally, the clutch can be performed in different ways. In the form of a V-belt transmission (see above), the tension or loosening of the belt of which with the help of the clutch lever leads to the transfer or termination of the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Or in the form of a single-disk or multi-disk friction dry or wet (oil) clutch, which is more reliable and is used in most models of walk-behind tractors. Some machines use a much rarer conical clutch.

On the already considered walk-behind tractor "Ugra" LLC "Kadvi" a clutch is installed, which is the most traditional in its design - a friction multi-plate clutch with a pressure spring operating in an oil bath. The device of a walk-behind tractor with such a clutch should provide for a crankcase for the clutch, where gear oil is poured.

Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor clutch scheme: 1 - Motor shaft, 2 - Drive half-coupling, 3 - Driven half-coupling assembly with release bearing, 4 - Belleville spring, 5 - Drive disks, 6 - Driven disks, 7 - Spring thrust ring.

Clutch lever: 1 - Axle, 2 - Fork, 3 - Clutch half, 4 - Lever, 5 - Clutch cable, 6 - Bolt, 7 - Nut, 8 - Washer, 9 - Spring washer, 10 - Sleeve.

The clutch consists of a driving half-coupling 2 (motoblock clutch scheme), a driven half-coupling 3, a belleville spring 4, leading 5 and driven 6 discs, a thrust ring 7. It works as follows. When the clutch lever is released, the Belleville spring compresses the driven and driving discs assembled in the package alternately. Due to the friction between the discs, torque is transferred from the engine to the gearbox. When the clutch lever is depressed, the force is transmitted via a cable to the clutch release lever 4 (Clutch lever). In this case, the clutch fork 2 compresses the spring through the driven half-coupling and release bearings, separating the driven discs from the leading ones and stopping the transmission of torque.

Differential

To improve maneuvering and smooth turns, the design of some walk-behind tractors (mainly heavy ones) provides for a differential. The purpose of the latter is to ensure the rotation of the left and right wheels at different speeds. Differentials can be with or without wheel locking. Instead of a differential, mechanisms can be used to turn off one wheel while driving.

Chassis

The chassis of the walk-behind tractor is a frame on which the main components and wheels are fixed. Sometimes the frame is missing, and its role is played by the transmission, to which the engine and wheels are attached.

In most walk-behind tractors, the distance between the wheels can be changed, this makes it possible to set the track of different widths. Two main types of wheels are used - conventional pneumatic and weighted metal wheels with wide lugs. Weights can be welded to the wheels or bolted to them. Many designs of metal wheels provide for the fastening of loads of various weights. This allows, if necessary, to increase the weight of the walk-behind tractor to values ​​that provide the necessary grip of the wheels with the ground.

Metal wheels can be with a solid rim or made in the form of two or three narrow hoops interconnected by lugs. The first ones have the disadvantage that the ground accumulates between the lugs, which prevents good adhesion of the wheels to the ground.

Governing bodies

The controls are a set of mechanisms that provide a change in the direction of movement and speed of the walk-behind tractor. These include: steering wheel, levers and gearshift rods, clutch control levers, supply of "gas", emergency stop of the engine, etc. Since the design of motoblocks, with very rare exceptions, does not provide for a seat for the operator, the motoblock device must ensure its control with one hand.

Some controls (carburetor air damper, power take-off, etc.) are located on the corresponding units and assemblies.

Usually on the left steering rod there is a clutch control lever and an emergency engine stop lever, on the right - the "gas" handle, the wheel drive lever and the brake (if any). The design of the steering column of walk-behind tractors provides, as a rule, for adjusting the position of the handles in the horizontal and vertical planes. The figure shows the controls of the SunGarden MF360 walk-behind tractor.

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