Manual transmission diagnostics- allows you to identify faults in the gearbox. We will eliminate defects such as jamming or damage to the drive cable, loose fastening, wear or deformation of the fork or shift rod, as well as the locking device.
The most common PC failures are:
- Wear of gears, seals, synchronization clutches;
- Failure of bearings;
- Insufficient amount of oil in the box or its poor quality (in this case, it is recommended complete replacement manual transmission oils);
- Loose threaded fasteners;
Causes of malfunctions detected during manual transmission diagnostics
Gearbox damage is caused by different reasons. Lack of proper car care is one of them. Operating a vehicle with a defective clutch, as well as using poor quality oil can be one of the reasons for the failure of the manual transmission. In order for the gearbox to work continuously and without interruption, it is necessary to use quality oil. In addition, you need to monitor the oil level and, if necessary, replace it.
It is not recommended to use manual transmission longer term set by the manufacturer - this contributes precarious work mechanisms and components of the gearbox and the car as a whole. Manual transmission maintenance and repair should be entrusted only to highly qualified specialists - the further operation of your car depends on the quality of service.
External signs of manual transmission malfunctions
The MDM-Service Technical Center performs repairs and manual transmission diagnostics cars as well as jeeps and minivans. Some defects are diagnosed by external signs, but you should be aware that the cause of the breakdown can be most accurately determined only when dismantling and disassembling the box. External signs of malfunction include:
- Difficulty switching on and spontaneous switching off of gears. Accurate diagnostics allows you to determine the causes that caused these problems;
- Oil leak. The diagnosis may reveal wear of the seals or weakening threaded connections;
- Heat and transmission noise. It can manifest itself when turned on, during operation, as well as in a neutral position. Causes: wear of bearings, synchronizer couplings, an insufficient amount oils in a box and others.
TechCenter MDM-Service - efficiency and high professionalism
Only a qualified specialist can perform an accurate diagnosis of the manual transmission, components and assemblies of the car. Our technical center has high-tech equipment and a staff of experienced mechanics. After determining the malfunction, the employees of our service center will repair a manual transmission and other important units and components of the car that have failed.
When you operate a car with an automatic transmission, it does not require any adjustments, and maintenance carried out on time guarantees a long and no-failure period services, which is commensurate with the resource of the entire vehicle. But, unfortunately, the time comes even for the most reliable car units, and they also fail. An automatic transmission is one of those car components that requires competent and delicate handling and, alas, it cannot be called ultra-reliable. The main reason for the failure of the automatic transmission is the illiterate use of it by the driver and untimely maintenance.
Frequent malfunctions of the automatic transmission
Widest distribution automatic transmission initially acquired in the United States, recently it has also won the hearts of motorists in our country. This is not surprising, because the "automatic" is much more convenient to use, especially in large city traffic with frequent traffic jams and "good" roads. But an automatic transmission is a combination mechanical elements, and therefore, like any other mechanism, it sometimes suffers from malfunctions. They can be roughly divided into two categories:
Malfunctions of the electronic part;
Malfunctions of the mechanical and hydraulic systems of the box.
Malfunctions of the electronic part of the automatic box are as follows:
1. The controller is out of order - the electronic control unit.
2. There was a breakdown of the sensors of the control system of the engine and transmission.
3. Shorted, broken or other damage to the electrical wiring.
4. Executive elements are out of order.
Note that if in the electronic part automatic transmission If any malfunctions occur, the computer immediately starts emergency operating programs. They "put the box on its feet" even after the breakdown of one or another node. For various kinds of breakdowns, appropriate programs are provided. If, for example, there was serious malfunction(for example, the computer of the machine does not respond or executive mechanisms), the box is automatically rebuilt to emergency mode work.
As a rule, in this mode, third gear is immediately engaged, thanks to which the car can move with the greatest safety. This automatic transmission mode is similar to the safe mode in operating system computer. That is, the box cannot work at 100% of its capabilities, but the car may well get to the place of technical assistance.
Malfunctions of the mechanical and hydraulic components automatic transmission can be:
1. Worn gears and shafts;
2. Worn or damaged friction elements - clutch discs and brake bands.
3. Various kinds of torque converter malfunctions.
4. Problems with the torque converter lock-up clutch.
5. Faulty torque converter stator freewheel.
6. Hydraulic unit failure.
7. clogged up oil valves, which sometimes occurs when the friction elements wear out.
8. Oil pump failure.
It often happens in an automatic box that one malfunction is a continuation of another, and if you don’t react in time, then the box will simply crumble. It all lies in the device and principles on which the operation of the automatic transmission is based. For example, friction discs wear out after a while, by-products little by little they clog up.
Next comes the provocation oil channels and valves of the hydroblock to clogging, as a result of which their operation is disrupted, which causes overheating and bad work friction clutches. Contaminated oil also adversely affects other automatic transmission systems. If you do not immediately respond properly to this problem, then a serious one cannot be avoided.
Can be distinguished common causes automatic transmission faults:
1. Complete exhaustion of the resource of some gearbox components or their natural wear.
2. Filling in an automatic box with oil that is different from what is recommended by the manufacturer, for example, another in composition or viscosity.
3. Box repair using spare parts Low quality. Often this choice is made consciously in order to save money.
4. Irregular maintenance of the gearbox or at a longer interval than indicated.
5. Repair and maintenance of automatic transmission by specialists with an insufficient level of qualification.
6. A motorist's driving style in which the transmission and engine almost always operate in modes that border on danger.
The fact that the transmission has malfunctions is indicated by external signs by which you can understand the problem. The most accurate troubleshooting is achieved during diagnostics. Ordinary motorists can also diagnose an automatic transmission at the primary level.
What is needed to diagnose the automatic transmission?
For better problem identification the right step there will be a removal of computer malfunction codes with their subsequent decoding. After that, of course, it is better to contact a car service so that they can assess whether it is possible to make a diagnosis only by codes, or whether there is a need to ring the circuits, measure the pressure in the packages, do other tests and look for additional signs.
Can be distinguished three levels of diagnosis:
I. The fastest and easy way automatic transmission diagnostics - listening. The symptoms that can be heard often indicate minor problems, the elimination of which, as a rule, is either cheap or completely free. This is a check of the cable that feeds the ECU and solenoids, or cleaning the sensors from oil. And can point to serious problem, which will require a major overhaul with disassembly of the transmission. One of the options for self-healing automatic boxes is to set normal level transmission oil or replace it entirely. Self-treatment option: set the normal oil level in the automatic transmission or change the oil altogether. If that doesn't help, then go to next level diagnostics.
II. We delve further and move on to tactile contact with the automatic transmission. Symptoms, taken readings of codes and the first level of diagnostics indicated that the problem lies in the electrical circuit. And it gets fixed in minutes. If it was not possible to deal with ease, then after the transmission test, you can choose one or more preliminary diagnostic options. One of them is the removal of the pallet - cheap diagnostics.
Masters, in addition to how to remove fault codes, can check the pressure in the lines, conduct a stall test, check the health of the electrical wiring and much more, which will help to make a preliminary diagnosis without dismantling. IN this case self-treatment is the following - replacing the transmission oil or checking its level. Well, if the problem was overfilling or underfilling oil. If not, then let's move on.
Often, car owners bring their cars for diagnostics when they have already traveled more than 150 thousand kilometers, when the source codes have worn out further. And here the hope for a miracle with the previous stages is broken on the rocks of the third, the most radical.
III. The final stage is disassembly. If everything indicates that the automatic transmission is in an emergency state or the clutches are slipping, then it is necessary to disassemble the automatic transmission for a more accurate diagnosis.
How to diagnose automatic transmission?
The first is checking the level and quality of transmission oil in an automatic transmission. After a long service life, the liquid still loses its physical and chemical properties, which are necessary to maintain and perform many important functions. After the evaporation of light fractions of the oil, its viscosity increases, which already exceeds the permissible norm.
“Magic” additives also develop their resource. transmission fluid must remain uncontaminated during the entire prescribed working period. Only a slight darkening is acceptable. Black contaminated fluid with a pungent burning smell indicates that the box needs an oil change and major repairs.
Second - pay attention to the time for which the gears are switched on. When moving the automatic transmission selector from "N" to "D" or "R", the switching time should not significantly exceed 1-1.5 seconds. When the gear is engaged, there is a characteristic soft push. Feel the quality of the shifts as you break in the car. There should be no shocks, no strong shocks, no vibrations with extraneous noise. Shifting must not continue with a disproportionate increase in crankshaft speed. A driver with experience in the behavior of his car on the road can correctly diagnose an automatic transmission.
Another method for diagnosing the condition of an automatic transmission is Stall test. Its essence lies in determining the engine speed when the car is completely stopped and the throttle control pedal is fully depressed. According to the figure received, one can judge the state of some elements of the automatic box. Engage any gear and, holding the car on the brake, let's power unit"gas". The number of revolutions of the motor should be in the range of 2500-2800 rpm.
If it shows more, you should check the oil level in the box and the pressure in oil pump machine. We want to warn you right away that it is better to entrust this procedure to an experienced mechanic, otherwise you yourself, by your own negligence, risk incapacitating the machine. In addition, to analyze the performance of an automatic transmission, you need to know the nominal value of the engine speed during the Stall test, without knowing which this test will not give you anything.
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Symptoms of malfunctions in a manual transmission
You can understand that not everything is in order with the gearbox by the following signs:
- appearance at the place where the checkpoint is located, unpleasant sounds- grinding, crunching or howling;
- the appearance of oil stains on the asphalt, localized near the checkpoint, after each parking of the car for one or several hours;
- deterioration of the process of switching speeds - fuzzy inclusions, spontaneous shutdowns, etc.;
- darkening of the gear oil, the appearance of a burnt smell.
If at least one of these signs is found, this is already a serious reason to worry and send your car to a specialized service site. It is possible that the cause of the malfunction is the wear of one or more parts, but it is possible that the cause is insufficient level or inadequate oil quality.
What is the cause of the problems?
Not all drivers are responsible enough to perform the simplest service procedures, without which it is difficult to talk about the stable functioning of the manual transmission. Car service masters have repeatedly made sure that more than half of breakdowns and failures occur due to the fault of the owners themselves. So, low-quality or old oil significantly impairs performance. manual transmission and sometimes even causes its complete destruction.
Over time, the viscosity of the fluid increases, due to which the rotation of the gears occurs with great effort, increasing their wear rate. Small pieces of scale accumulate in it, which, if they get between the contacting parts, can cause breakage of one of them. If, due to leakage, the oil level drops below the critical level, “dry” operation may well result in a gear or shaft failure.
It is equally important to monitor the wear of components and parts, replacing those that are already in poor condition in time. Otherwise, the sudden destruction of one of them can provoke a complete and irreversible failure of the entire gearbox.
Periodically undergoing diagnostics in a specialized service, you will be able to detect and eliminate problems in a timely manner. minor problems until they escalate into a major accident.
Diagnostic procedures
It is important that the car service where you apply is equipped with modern devices that perform scanning and computer data analysis. An examination using diagnostic stands will allow to detect violations in the state and functioning of the manual transmission at an early stage, before it leads to an accident. A complete survey allows you to:
- determine at what level the oil is in the gearbox housing, is it enough for normal operation and what is its quality;
- assess the condition of the main and auxiliary structural elements that transmit torque - gears, bearings (both main and needle bearings), shafts, speed selector, synchronizer, etc.;
- check the condition of the sealing elements and the possibility of transmission oil leakage.
Qualified service station masters with vast experience perform diagnostics, relying not only on instrument readings, but also on their personal impressions - visual and auditory. Diagnostics is carried out according to a strictly defined procedure, which will make it possible to identify almost all possible problems. Since not one, but several factors can worsen the operation of the gearbox, thoroughness and comprehensiveness are important during the examination. At the end of the manual transmission check, the specialist will tell you about all the problems found and describe possible ways putting the gearbox in order.
How to reduce wear and extend the life of a manual transmission?
The most important condition long-term operation mechanical box is the strict observance of all the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer, which are mentioned in the instructions for the machine. In particular, this is a timely and regular diagnostic check of the gearbox, maintenance in the volumes and at the intervals that are recommended for your make and model of car. It is important that maintenance is carried out to a level of quality that only special equipment service center. The site has everything you need to troubleshoot and repair on any scale, regardless of who and when the unit was manufactured.
To extend the working life of the checkpoint, a few simple recommendations should be followed:
- do not include reverse gear if the car is moving forward;
- switch speeds only in the sequence described in the instructions;
- press the clutch sharply and strongly, and release it - on the contrary, slowly and smoothly;
- constantly monitor the level of transmission oil in the box, in case of a critical decrease, take all necessary measures;
- use only the grade of oil recommended by the manufacturer of your machine whenever possible.
Careful and attentive attitude to technology always brings good results. By following all these rules, you can extend the life of the gearbox for several years.
In the service specializing in the repair of manual transmissions - the site - you will always find the most attentive welcome. Highly qualified craftsmen will be able to determine the most complex breakdown and fix it in the shortest possible time without causing significant damage to your wallet. Contact us as soon as you need to diagnose the gearbox, troubleshoot its operation or carry out other work to improve the condition transmission unit your car.
We heard unusual sounds at any position of the Toyota manual transmission lever, the cause may be bearing wear or a critical drop in the oil level in the gearbox. Come to our service and our specialists will establish the exact cause and fix the problem in a short time at the best price.
The failure of an automatic transmission usually occurs due to one of the following reasons or their combinations:
souring or incorrect adjustment of the control cable;
malfunctions of the hydraulic part of the control system;
malfunctions of the mechanical part;
wear of one or more frictional controls;
torque converter malfunctions;
malfunctions of the electrical part of the control system;
failure electronic block management;
regulation violations.
The following procedure greatly simplifies the troubleshooting and troubleshooting process. However, the ultimate success depends to a large extent on the accuracy of the information collected and its correct interpretation.
Diagnostic procedures
Search automatic transmission malfunctions it is recommended to carry out in the following sequence:
Checking the oil level and its condition (see chapter "Gear oil").
Quick check of engine operation idle move, vacuum, electrical wiring connections, range selector cable and throttle valve control cable (for automatic transmissions with hydraulic system management).
Determination of fault codes for engine and transmission control units.
Test on a fully braked vehicle.
Check in motion (road test).
Checking pressures in the control system.
Throttle valve control cable check
An important detail in the automatic transmission control is the throttle valve control cable. It connects the mechanism automatic transmission control with the sector throttle valve engine or injection pump control lever. The cable consists of a metal base, placed in a plastic sheath, rigidly fixed on both sides. At long service life, the cable sheath, drying out, is shortened and crawls out of the attachment points.
A misaligned cable can cause overshifting or undershifting. Gear shifting to increased speed leads to premature wear parts of the box and may be the cause increased consumption fuel. Some automatic transmission malfunctions can be eliminated by adjusting the throttle valve control cable.
Cable adjustment
1.Before adjusting, check the ease of movement of the cable. Lubricate the cable if necessary. Loosen the adjusting nuts.
2. Fully depress the throttle control pedal and adjust the cable so that the stop protrudes from the cable sheath no more than 1.5 mm. If the cable is new, then it does not have an emphasis. In this case, pull the inner cable until you feel a slight resistance, then, while holding it in this position, set the stop at a distance of 0.8 - 1.5 mm from the cable boot.
3. Tighten the nuts and release the pedal.
Checking the engine and its control unit
The engine and gearbox are two parts of the same system and therefore they teamwork must be agreed. In this regard, checking the operation of the engine is milestone AKP diagnostics. If the engine is faulty, then this can lead to the formation of incorrect signals used by the transmission control system. The control system does not have the ability to determine the reliability of the information received, and in any case reacts to its change. Depending on the transmission, this can result in hard shifts or a combination of hard shifts and late shifts. Random switching may also occur. In addition, the difficulty may be exacerbated by the ability electronic system engine management adapt to its wrong work, which also introduces confusion into the operation of the automatic transmission control system.
Any engine malfunction must be repaired. You can be misled into repairing the transmission only to find that it is good and the problem is the engine not working properly.
Fully braked vehicle test (stall test)
The test on a fully braked vehicle is carried out with the full power engine. The purpose of this test is to determine the braking performance of the friction controls, the correct operation of the torque converter and the engine. When performing this procedure, care must be taken, as the temperature of the transmission oil rises significantly and the transmission experiences overloads. This test is preferably carried out in the presence of a specialist.
Verification procedure
Check the oil level in the engine and transmission and top up if necessary. Warm up the engine and transmission until operating temperature(up to this temperature, the transmission oil heats up within 20 minutes of high-speed or city driving).
The vehicle must be on its wheels and securely blocked from moving. To do this, you need to set the range selection lever to the "P" position, turn on the main and parking brake and place chocks under the wheels.
During the inspection, no one should be in front of the car or behind it.
The check consists of the following steps:
Move the range select lever to the "D" position.
Fully depress the throttle control pedal.
Determine maximum speed engine.
Move the range select lever to the "N" position and let the engine run for idling at least 30 seconds, which is necessary for its cooling.
A similar procedure is carried out for the range "R".
The duration of each stage of the test should not exceed five seconds, otherwise serious overheating may occur, and the transmission may fail.
If the engine speed exceeds the maximum permissible value set by the manufacturer, release the throttle pedal immediately. This is a sign of slipping controls, and further inspection may damage the transmission.
In the event of unusual noise, the test must be stopped immediately. During the test with the vehicle at a complete standstill, the torque converter may make a slight noise, which is considered quite normal.
Analysis of the results of the test on a braked vehicle
The analysis of the test results on a braked vehicle consists in comparing them with the values set by the manufacturer. Deviations from the set values in one direction or another can be interpreted as follows:
engine speed is 200 - 300 rpm higher than specified: the reason is the slipping of the friction elements of the gearbox, most likely caused by foaming of the transmission oil or low pressure in the main line;
the engine speed during the check is very high: in this case, it is most likely to assume slipping of the friction elements caused by low pressure of the main line; however, the reason high speed cut splines can also serve as an engine input shaft gearboxes;
engine speed 100 to 200 rpm below the set: this is a sign that the engine is not developing full power;
engine speed is 33% lower than the set ones: in this case, most likely, the clutch has failed freewheel torque converter reactor; the hydro transformer reactor in this mode must be completely stopped, and the torque converter itself has a maximum transformation ratio; if the roller freewheel of the reactor is not able to hold it, then the effect of the oil coming out of turbine wheel, will be directed in the direction opposite to the rotation of the pump wheel and the engine, which leads to a loss of engine power;
engine revolutions correspond to the set ones: this means that the engine develops full power, the gearbox is able to transmit it normally and the freewheel of the torque converter reactor is able to hold it; this, however, is not a guarantee of its good condition, since it may not wedged and prevent the torque converter from switching to the fluid coupling mode.
The assumption of jamming of the stator freewheel can only be made if maximum speed vehicle at wide open throttle is approximately 33% less than the calculated value. This state of affairs indicates that the torque converter does not switch to the fluid coupling mode. A side effect of this can be overheating of the transmission oil and a decrease in pressure being developed by the pump.
Another way to determine if the reactor freewheel is working is to move the range select lever to the "N" position and fully depress the throttle pedal. If the engine speed exceeds 3000 rpm, then this means that the reactor rotates freely in the oil flow. If the engine speed does not exceed 3000 rpm, then this is a sign of jamming of the freewheel roller clutch of the torque converter reactor.
road test
Road testing begins with determining the correct operation of the gearbox. It should precede the assessment of its serviceability. In the process of road tests, it is necessary to check the performance of the transmission in all possible driving modes. Determine the moments and quality of gear shifting at a slightly open throttle, at medium and full throttle. Check the operation of the transmission in the forced downshift (kick-down) mode.
For erratic, late or abrupt shifts, please Special attention for engine operation. The idle speed must correspond to the set value. It should be remembered that the moments of switching and their quality are focused on normal work engine.
Properly conducted road tests are a valuable diagnostic tool. The road test checks the following:
switching moments;
work on different ranges;
the quality of inclusion of controls and their ability to work without slipping;
instability of the switching process;
operation of the torque converter lockup clutch;
extraneous noise and vibration;
engine operation.
Road test procedure
Before starting these tests, the engine coolant, engine oil and transmission oil levels should be checked.
While driving, it is necessary to check the operation of the transmission in each range in order to detect slippage of the friction controls, determine the quality of their inclusion and deviations in the switching points. The test should be carried out at minimum, medium and full throttle opening. In the process of checking, pay attention to the switching process, whether it is sharp or extended in time. Determine the speeds at which the gearbox shifts to more high gear, and downshift speeds. Listen carefully to the operation of the engine during shifts, especially at medium and maximum throttle openings. Monitor the operation of the torque converter clutch.
Analysis of the operation of the disk and tape controls of the automatic transmission
If road tests show slippage or an unexpected increase in engine speed during gear changes, this may indicate a problem with the friction controls or freewheels. The elimination method can determine the friction elements that are in good working condition.
Analysis of the operation of the torque converter lock-up clutch
For an accurate analysis of the operation of the torque converter clutch, it is necessary to know exactly the nominal characteristics of its operation. Engaging the torque converter clutch can produce some peculiar effects in vehicle behavior that are generally considered normal and understandable.
Inclusion process
There is an additional feeling of shifting gears. These sensations are determined by switching from hydraulic to mechanical way transmission of engine power through a torque converter. They occur in different phases of acceleration and are determined by the operating modes of the engine.
Harsh braking
This occurs when the driver abruptly releases the throttle pedal. Due to the closing of the throttle valve, the decrease in engine torque occurs faster than the clutch is disengaged. This is what causes sudden braking.
In some transmissions, it is sometimes very difficult to determine when the torque converter clutch engages and disengages. When it is turned on, the engine speed should decrease by 200 - 300 rpm. For exact definition it is recommended to use a tachometer for transformer blocking moments.
Sometimes there are some strange circumstances in the operation of the torque converter clutch. For example, in heavy traffic conditions, the lock-up clutch works normally, but its operation becomes abnormal when driving on a highway. Before replacing the torque converter clutch control solenoid, valve box, or computer, analyze more carefully the cause of the lock-up clutch operation. It could be a malfunction of the temperature sensor. It should be borne in mind that driving in urban conditions raises the temperature of the engine coolant, and driving on the highway lowers it. The computer allows the torque converter to lock up at a coolant temperature of at least 83°C. Some drivers believe that the lower the coolant temperature, the better, and replace the thermostat. Therefore, when driving along the highway, the engine never heats up to the calculated operating temperature and does not reach the coveted 83 ° C. The same operation of the torque converter lock-up clutch can be caused by a faulty thermostat. As quick check during the road test, you can use cardboard to cover part of the radiator with it. If there are no changes in the operation of the clutch, then you should pay attention to the coolant temperature sensor and the entire cooling system. In order to avoid false information entering the computer, make sure that the engine coolant level is correct, since the sensor must be completely in it for proper operation.
Gearbox, it is also a transmission, a gearbox, a gearbox, gear box(gearbox) is a gear unit that finds its application in various kinds of industrial mechanisms (such as machine tools) and different transmissions many mechanical Vehicle.
The vehicle's gearbox is designed to vary the torque and frequency on the drive wheels to the widest range, compared to the potential provision of the vehicle's engine. Often, the above thesis refers to those engines internal combustion, which in their arsenal have a very small share of adaptability.
Such vehicles that work with electric motors(trolleybus, tram, electric car) and steam engines have very high level adaptability. In this case, parabolic (electric motors with constant voltage and current supply) and hyperbolic (for steam vehicles) thrust characteristics are often put into operation without a box variable gears.
In addition, the gearbox provides the potential for movement of the ground vehicle. in reverse, as well as a sufficiently long disconnection from the engine propulsor, with direct engine start and its partial, and at the same time full work in the parking lots.
IN various types machine tools, including metal-cutting gearboxes are used to ensure the best possible cutting conditions. Thus, the rotational speed of the workpiece or the cutting tool itself is adjusted. For motorists, this aspect is also quite important and significant, as it helps to fully understand and understand the principle of the functioning of the entire variable gearbox on various “tools” intended for human use.
Modern automotive world is developing at a very fast pace. It is human progress and subsequent innovations that give rise to more and more variations in diversity in the types of variable gearboxes. Thus, Today in automotive nature there are four types of variable gears:
- Mechanical gearbox. This type of gearbox is a cylindrical gearbox, which is multi-stage. In this type of gearbox, it is provided that the gear change must be done manually.
- . This transmission is designed to provide automatic gear selection, which is determined by the current driving conditions. gear ratio vehicle, which depends on many factors. That is, gear shifting occurs without the direct intervention of the driver.
- . This type of box is mechanical type gearboxes. But an important difference from simple mechanics is that the functions of disengaging the clutch and shifting gears are put into operation in automatic mode.
- Variable box gear changes- is a mechanical unit, which is designed to transfer the engine power to the drive wheels steplessly. It is widely used in Western European countries and the USA.
1. Diagnostics. What to look for when carrying out maintenance
Maintenance and repair support is a set of operations that are aimed at maintaining the serviceability and performance of vehicles, production equipment during storage, permanent operation and transportation. Thus, maintenance is a preventive measure. These operations are carried out systematically and forcibly at certain fixed periods, which, in fact, include the required set of works.
IN modern world, on most cars, the most common are the main types of variable gearboxes: automatic and mechanical. In turn, these two types have several subspecies. Our task is to consider in detail and to the smallest detail the question of what kind of malfunctions of a manual transmission exist, to consider the main directions of potential breakdowns, and also what exactly you need to pay attention to during the process Maintenance to find out what breakdowns are inherent in this box.
Very important point, which all owners of an automatic transmission need to know. Most experts strongly recommend that car owners with this type“boxes” do not even try yourself in the role of a mechanic and repair this gearbox yourself. In addition, it is strongly recommended to avoid repairing your own automatic transmission and by highly professional garage neighbors.
It should not be forgotten that quite often it happens that an automatic transmission costs a third of full price the whole car. The gearbox repair itself depends entirely on the model and brand of the car, as well as on the malfunction and breakdown that occurred in the gearbox of your own car.
Of course, within one article it will be impossible to fully describe all the smallest details and the entire technological process of repairing a gearbox on your own. It is important to note that for this there are instructions and repair manuals in the automotive nature that are attached to each specific make and model of car.
The deep and true purpose of this article is to determine the causes of breakdowns and malfunctions. In addition, you need to clarify the moment about what kind of repair of a manual transmission is needed and how much it will cost.
The very first thing that should be diagnosed while the car is moving is the smoothness and ease of engaging and shifting all gears. If there is a persistent feeling that the gear change is difficult, you need to carry out a second technical inspection, which consists in a more thorough inspection of the gearbox itself.
During the second technical inspection, the gearbox mountings that lead to the crankcase are checked and tightened, together with the bearing caps of the driven and intermediate shafts. If there is a need and need, then you need to change the oil in the gearbox housing.
An important point: the gearbox repair itself for any car can be pushed forward in time. This is possible provided that the first technical inspection of the gearbox takes place correctly and on time. And this inspection checks the oil level in the gearbox itself. This happens after 15-20 thousand km. mileage or once a year.
2. Traditional gearbox malfunctions
The main malfunctions that require major and operational repairs in a mechanical gearbox of variable gears are: spontaneous disengagement of the gear; difficult gear shifting; oil leak; noise in the gearbox; transmission overheating. Now it is necessary to analyze the causes of the above malfunctions.
Causes spontaneous shutdown gears:
- 1. Balls or stem seats are worn out;
2. The teeth of the clutch or the blocking rings of the synchronizer are worn out;
3. The elasticity of the springs of the clamps has decreased significantly.
The reasons for the difficult inclusion of the transfer may be:
In addition to these problems, less "terrible" are: noise, oil leakage and overheating of the gearbox.
Gearbox noise can be caused by:
- 1. Wear of bearings, gears or synchronizers;
2. Contamination of the oil or its low level in the box itself;
3. The backlash of the shafts along the axis also causes noise in the gearbox.
There can also be many reasons for oil leakage from the variable gearbox:
