The on-board unit is a key element of the Platon system. This small device is designed to automatically track the route of a large-capacity vehicle on federal highways. Vehicle movement control is carried out thanks to GLONASS/GPS or GLONASS satellite navigation.
Using the "on-board" is much easier than using the route map. Money is debited from the account automatically for each kilometer traveled, there is no need to clearly follow the route. To date, almost 350 thousand such devices have already been issued. At the same time, more than 6.5 million route cards have been issued. The reason for the insufficient distribution of on-board vehicles is that many companies are dissatisfied with the complexity of the procedure for obtaining it.
Obtaining a tracking device in the Plato system: procedure
To get a tracking and payment device for installation in a truck, you need to register in the system registry. It is not difficult and, moreover, completely free of charge, it can be done via the Internet on the website www.platon.ru or in customer support centers. You must provide:- an identity card, or a power of attorney from the owner, or the constituent documents of the company (attach scans when registering online);
- car documents - certificate from state registration, registration certificate (in the online application, you still need to indicate the VIN, maximum weight, model and brand of the vehicle, license plate number);
- contact details - email address, phone number.
You can start getting an on-board device. An unpleasant surprise awaits here - you won’t be able to do it online, you will have to pay a personal visit to the company center (138 such institutions have already been opened). In the center, a contract is concluded with the user for the free use of the on-board device, for which it is necessary to provide copies of the following documents:
- for individuals - a passport or other identification document (also the original);
- additionally for resident legal entities - certificates of registration and registration with the tax authorities of the Russian Federation;
- additionally for legal entities that are non-residents of the Russian Federation - provisions on a representative office or branch (all documents must have a notarized translation into Russian).
Now you can get an on-board unit (BU 1201 type) and consult the specialists of the center on installation and use. Several interesting facts and recommendations for working with the on-board device:
- remember that the on-board unit is assigned to a specific vehicle, and not to the owner, its installation on another vehicle even in emergency illegal and entails a fine;
- together with the device, the control authorities must enclose the passport of the device for verification (numbers must match);
- do not place various shielding materials near the device (foil, aluminum cans, etc.) - this may lead to loss of the satellite signal;
- if you notice that the device is not working properly, immediately contact the support center, since driving with a faulty (albeit not through your fault) “on-board vehicle” is illegal.
From November 15, for the passage of each kilometer up to federal highways vehicles over 12 tons will be charged a flat fee. According to the government's order, carriers will first be required to pay 1.53 rubles per km. Gradually, the amount of payment will grow: for example, from March 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, the fare will be 3.06 rubles.
The authorities promise to send the collected funds to the road fund to eliminate the consequences of damage caused to the roadway from the passage heavy trucks. Note that, according to the Federal road agency(Rosavtodor), a single passage of a truck with an authorized mass of more than 12 tons in terms of the load on the highway is equal to 40 thousand passages of one passenger car.
In case of “ticketless travel”, the carrier company faces a fine of 450 thousand rubles, and in case of repeated violation - 1 million rubles.
How will the fee be collected?
The process of collecting fees will be provided by the Platon system.
Its very extensive network will cover 50,774 km of federal highways and more than 2 million vehicles.
The operator of this system is LLC RT-Invest Transport Systems (RTITS). This company is implementing a concession agreement with Rosavtodor in accordance with the order of the Russian government dated August 29, 2014.
Using its own and debt financing, the company provides a full cycle of creating the Platon system, including design, creation and commissioning, operation and modernization of the system. The total investment in the project should be approximately 30 billion rubles.
The charging system itself is owned by the Russian Federation. It should be noted that the total project implementation period is 13 years from the date of signing the concession agreement - 09/29/2014.
How much money will be raised?
Note that earlier, at a year-round rate of 3.06 rubles. in 2016, it was planned to collect about 40 billion rubles per 1 km of the road in Rosavtodor. However, it was not specified whether fines for violators were included in these calculations. A few days ago, the government of the Russian Federation decided to slightly reduce the tariff, and until March next year it will be 1.53 rubles. Taking into account the decrease, there are no new calculations yet. However, based on the figures announced earlier, it can be concluded that if the collection of fees from freight carriers begins next year, they will collect about 35 billion rubles.
At the same time, on the website of RT-Invest, which is responsible for collecting fees from truckers, says What
The launch of the system will result in the replenishment of the road fund by more than 50 billion rubles. in year.
Who is behind Plato?
The participants in the concession agreement, according to information on the company's website, are RT-Invest LLC and 42-year-old businessman Igor Rotenberg, who is the son of the famous billionaire Arkady Rotenberg.
As stated there, CEO"RT-Invest" is Andrey Shipelov. Prior to this appointment, he, according to extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, which can be obtained on the website of the Federal Tax Service, in 2010 established Tsaritsyn Capital LLC. The authorized capital amounted to 50 million rubles, of which 98% belonged to Shipelov.
In 2012, together with the state corporation Rostec, he created the company RT-Invest, the authorized capital of which amounted to 163.2 million rubles. At the same time, 74.99% of the shares belonged to Tsaritsyn Capital. In July 2014, RT-Invest together with Rostec established LLC RT-Invest Transport Systems (RTITS). The authorized capital amounted to 100 thousand rubles. - 50% on each side. The type of activity of the company was listed as "Software development and consulting in this area."
Already in July 2014, the government of the Russian Federation appointed this private company as the operator of the Platon heavy truck toll system. And in September of the same year, a concession agreement was signed between RTITS and Rosavtodor for 13 years.
Already in 2015, the share of Rostec came under the control of Igor Rotenberg.
What does Plato do?
According to the concession agreement, the tasks of the operator include ensuring the collection of fees in the mode of multi-lane non-stop traffic. In addition, he is obliged to create a system of stationary control over the bed of the federal highway. These are the so-called frames, during the passage of which "Plato" determines whether the trip of a heavy truck is paid or not. A total of 481 units are to be built.
Note that on this moment, according to information from Rosavtodor, only 18 such frames have been built - all of them are located in the Moscow region.
In addition to fixed points, the operator will manage a fleet of 100 special vehicles equipped with a mobile control system. These cars can move freely along the tracks or stand at the side of the road and fix offenders. For information support of users, the operator must ensure the work of 103 regional centers in addition, such information centers will operate at 35 border customs points, which operate around the clock. The operator will also have to set up control and monitoring and data centers.
Information received about violations will be sent to the departments of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the regions of Russia.
How to pay?
To make a flight along the federal highway, the carrier will need to use one of the methods proposed by the operator. In particular, special on-board devices will be issued to cargo carriers free of charge. Alternatively, you can issue a route card for travel. Thus, the installation of an on-board unit is not mandatory for users of the Platon system.
Why are truckers protesting?
Despite the fact that plans to introduce such a system became known back in 2011, most carriers announced that they were not ready to work on the proposed conditions, just before its launch. The main argument against "Platon" was the sharp rise in the cost of transportation and, as a result, the extinction of representatives of small and medium-sized businesses.
According to the carriers, small enterprises simply will not be able to recoup the growing costs at the expense of profits, as a result, they will be replaced by large monopolists.
“If the tolling system does work, then we will have to raise prices to pay for our trips. Then the cost of transported goods will increase by 12-15%,” truckers complained.
After several large-scale protests in different regions On November 11, the government already made concessions. Rosavtodor, in particular, announced that fines in the Platon system will begin to be issued not from November 15, but only from May 1, 2016. At the same time, fines in the Moscow Region will still be issued. Note that the protests held were not agreed with the authorities.
Relatively recently, a system was launched on the territory of the Russian Federation for the automatic collection of funds from owners trucks weighing over 12 tons as compensation for the damage they cause pavement. The Platon road system, which received its name not in honor of the great thinker, but from the abbreviation "fee per ton", caused a lot of controversy from the very moment of its launch. What are the features of this program and what is the principle of its work?
Plato system: what is it?
Goods covered by the program have a mass equal to or greater than 12 tons. For the movement of vehicles on the federal highways of the country, a fee is charged. "Platon" has its own database, which contains over two million cars and more than 51 thousand kilometers of the roadway. The system was officially launched in November last year.
The government has chosen RT-Invest TS as the main operator of Platon. After negotiations with the Federal Highway Agency, it was decided that the fare was collected both in the form of a “face payment” and using an automatic system.
The main goal of the system is to improve the condition of the roadbed of federal highways throughout Russia. Every year it suffers significant damage due to automotive vehicles whose weight exceeds 12 tons. The Plato system is used as the foundation for the following new program which will be up and running by 2020. Excluding the possibility of restoring the roadbed, it can be completely replaced without resorting to funds from the federal budget.
Work principles
There are several ways to collect money from drivers that the Platon system has. What is it, and how exactly is the payment for travel on federal highways?
Advances. Money is entered into the system immediately before being sent on a flight. You can deposit the amount for one trip, or for several subsequent ones.
For the distance travelled. The most convenient because it does not imply an overpayment. Before each exit on the track, payment is made. "Platon" offers a more practical way - the installation of a special device in the cab of the car. However, the connection has its drawbacks. The first is strict control of the distance traveled. The second is the binding of the car to satellite system GLONASS and, accordingly, control by the traffic police.
Hanging frames. They are part of the Plato system. Federal roads are equipped with similar structures electromagnetic type, which read information from a vehicle passing through them and write off a certain amount of money from the driver's personal account. For this, of course, registration in the Platon system and the presence of a special electronic code, which is read by the frames.
If the collection of fees from trucks is carried out in advance and regular registration of road routes, then such a procedure is carried out as follows:
- In any Customer Base Support Center with the help of its employees.
- filling special form And account, registered through a personal account on Platon.ru.
The on-board unit installed in the cabins of vehicles operates completely in automatic mode.
Registration in the Platon system
Initially, owners of commercial vehicles must be registered. Information is entered into the database not only about the client, but also about his car. This procedure can be carried out through the Platon.ru website. After authorization is completed, the user will receive the generated password and login. In your personal account, you must specify a personal account and deposit funds into it. Registration of a route card can be started immediately after the money is credited to the account.
Payment Methods
When issuing a route card, funds are withdrawn from the personal account of the owner of the vehicle if he has registration in the Platon system. To pay for the selected route, you can transfer finance directly to the operator's bank account if you have the details. Such a procedure implies a non-cash payment. In addition, there is the possibility of paying with a bank card, and this applies not only to terminals, but also to the forms of payment in your account and mobile application.
The size of the fee for large-tonnage vehicles
After numerous statements against "Platon", the tariff for one kilometer of travel on federal highways was changed and fixed at the level of 1.5293 rubles. The price was valid until the end of February 2016. Previously, the tariff was 3.73 rubles per kilometer of the route. However, the reduction in its value was valid for a limited period of time: starting from March 2016, the fee has almost doubled and amounted to 3.06 rubles, now it will remain unchanged until the end of 2018.
Compared to similar countries in Europe, in Russia this is the lowest. For example, in Belarus, the fare on federal highways is six times higher. Compared to the Austrian tariff, the Russian one is twenty times lower.
How will the increase in tariffs affect the rise in prices in the country?
Having received the Platon system, Russia was stirred up: many began to fear a sharp jump in the cost of food and other goods. Of course, the costs of carriers will increase, but not significantly. According to analysts, average cost transportation of goods through the territory of Russia is approximately 30 rubles per kilometer. Adding to this value the maximum fee - 3.06 rubles - will increase the price for transportation by only 10%. At the same time, these expenses from the final cost of production are about 4-10%, no more. Accordingly, even if we take into account the maximum cost bar, then the prices of goods should increase by a maximum of 1%.
At the moment, about 8.5% of all multi-ton vehicles are involved in the transportation of various food products in Russia. The remaining 91.5% are engaged in the transportation of bulk and construction cargo. At the same time, most food is transported over shorter distances and on larger vehicles.
In addition, the specific economy of Russia as a whole should be taken into account. Carriers in the country are unlikely to unanimously accept innovations and increase tariffs for their own transportation. Most likely, we will have to face dumping and a surge in the activity of “black market” players who will evade paying taxes. In addition, the long-term practice of other countries speaks for itself: in the Baltic countries, for example, after the introduction of additional tolls on routes, carriers are trying to reduce freight rates in order not to lose customers in the face of fierce competition.
Penalties for evading the use of "Plato"
Simultaneously with the introduction of the Platon system, the laws introduced into the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation were repeatedly subjected to changes and numerous discussions. According to the latest version of the code, for non-compliance with the requirements for paying tolls on federal highways, vehicle owners and their drivers will be subject to fines.
- The movement of a car weighing more than 12 tons on federal roads without paying for the damage caused to it entails the imposition on the driver this car a fine in the amount of five thousand rubles, on officials who are responsible for the movement of transport - forty thousand, on individual entrepreneurs- forty thousand rubles, for legal entities - four hundred and fifty thousand rubles.
- Repeated commission administrative offense causes a fine in the amount of 50 thousand to one million rubles for officials and legal entities, respectively.
These are the penalties for non-compliance. "Plato" is cheaper to pay than to save on it. According to government regulations, fines can be issued if:
- The vehicle moves with a faulty or disconnected on-board unit without paying for the route by the owner and notifying the operator.
- The car follows the track without an on-board device or there are no funds on the current account necessary for payment.
- The vehicle deviates in time or from the route, while not having an on-board device and without informing the operators about it.
- The movement of the car continues after spending money on a personal current account.
Today the system operates in automatic mode. Drivers will not be subjected to checks while driving on the highway. All data is automatically read from the on-board device or from the card. The Platon system implies issuing fines (we found out what it is) only after providing records from video and photo recording devices to traffic police officers.
System operation
In order to start using the Platon system, the driver of the vehicle must issue a special document - a route card. Alternatively, you can purchase a device placed on board the car. It should be noted that the installation of the device is optional.
Each truck owner opens his own personal account, which is replenished in his personal account through a bank card. In addition, funds can be deposited to the current account through the terminals of both the system itself and its partners - QIWI or through offices in the country. As of December 2015, there were 138 such outlets. You can pay with both bank cards and special fuel cards, from which money is withdrawn without commission.
In order to avoid traffic jams at the crossings between the borders, special mobile offices have been created, which also accept fares.
How funds received in the system are spent
Why is the Platon system needed, what is it, and where does all the money earned during its operation go? The collection and distribution of funds is the prerogative of the Road Agency. It is it that is responsible for the formation of budgets for the development of tracks in the regions of the country. The collected funds will also be allocated to public-private partners. It is planned that the Platon system will bring in about 40 billion rubles a year, and for this amount it will be possible to restore 90% of all federal highways in the country by 2019.
It is assumed that all funds in the budgets of the regions will be directed to the implementation of the most significant objects, since the FDA will accept reporting documents, sending money for toll payments and fines to regional road funds. Thanks to the introduction and attraction of additional investments, Platon is planned to be used to support and build the largest regional projects. For example, the Frunzensky bridge will be built in the Samara region, overpasses in the Leningrad region and Tver, and a tunnel in the Voronezh region.
The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation said that the roads included in the Platon system, taking into account their subsequent reconstruction at the expense of the proceeds, will optimize the transportation of goods throughout the country and normalize all areas of the national economy. Factories and enterprises are guaranteed prompt delivery of the necessary products for smooth and fast functioning.
Protests against "Plato"
The introduction of the system marked the beginning of mass protests of truckers. The first dissatisfied began to appear even before the program was launched - in November 2015. The disturbances lasted several months, until December. The protests were both against too high fines and fees, and against the fact that the financial results of "Platon" go not to the state, but to a private company.
Truckers blocked roads and federal highways, deliberately stopping the flow of cars. Demands that "Plato" be canceled in soon, in Perm turned into an action during which drivers heavy vehicles lined up in a column and moved at a speed of 40 km / h, which caused a traffic jam six kilometers long. There was a similar situation on the ring road of Yekaterinburg: drivers of 200 trucks collected a traffic jam 10 kilometers long. In the Tver region, the protests took on a tragic character: a tractor with a trailer flew into the crowd. As a result of the incident, one person died, three were hospitalized.
Accordingly, such an ardent criticism of the "Platon" system, reviews about it that were not of the most flattering nature, had a negative effect on its implementation. Truckers believed that the program was too "raw" and unfinished, that its launch should take place only a few years after passing special tests.
The largest protest action with the slogans "Platon" is canceled!" was held in Dagestan: over 17 thousand people gathered on the roads, and local media reported that cargo trucks stretched for 57 kilometers. In November 2015, participants threatened to march on Moscow, many of them from 16 other regions of the country. In early December, the Moscow Ring Road was partially blocked by cars, on which cars only one lane left. Then in the parking lot shopping center"Mega-Khimki" organized a camp of truckers, in which there were over 40 people with trucks.
The protests made it possible for truckers to lower their tariffs: the Ministry of Transport agreed to set new rates - 1.53 rubles were charged per kilometer instead of 3.73, and to temporarily exempt truck drivers from paying fines. In December last year, the country's president said that "Platon" would not be canceled, but called on the authorities to exempt trucks from paying taxes.
System analogues in other countries
Programs similar to the Russian "Platon" function in many other countries. For example, in Germany, Toll Collect is the operator of such a system: trucks weighing over 7.5 tons are charged, the amount of which depends on the level of emissions in environment and axles of the vehicle and varies from 8 to 22 euro cents per kilometer. Payment is made either when choosing a specific route, or using on-board devices.
In Austria there is a fee state company ASFiNAG. For one kilometer of the road, truckers pay from 15 to 44 euro cents. Last year, the company invested about 500 million euros in the construction of new roads and about 485 million in the reconstruction of old ones. Toll Collect and ASFiNAG in 2010 initiated the launch of the TOLL2GO program, which is intended for those who travel by cargo transport from one country to another.
An analogue of Platon in Slovakia is controlled by SkyToll: payments are collected from cargo vehicles weighing more than 3.5 tons, but only certain routes in the country are subject to this system. For one kilometer of the road, the fee is from 9 to 24 euro cents and depends on the compliance environmental standards and vehicle weight.
Was the choice of the program concessionaire legitimate?
Truckers were outraged not only by too high prices and the availability of transport tax, but also the concessionaire company, which was chosen to create a concession without a competitive basis.
Initially, the government of the country in August 2013 announced a competition, in order to participate in which companies were required to have certain skills in the field of creation and operation similar systems. preliminary stage only three companies passed, each of which had foreign participation, since only foreign firms had relevant experience.
The head of Rostekhnologii, the operator of the Platon system, Sergey Chemezov, after the imposition of sanctions in 2014, made a proposal to abandon foreign experience in the formation of the system, fully trusting Russian software. The government agreed with the proposal and canceled the competitive basis. Many lawyers spoke in the negative, because they considered this decision incorrect, since the case with "Platon" is not included in the list of exceptions of the law "On Concession Agreements", in which it is possible to do without a competitive basis.
Other claims
From a legal point of view, there is another problem, the essence of which boils down to the fact that the legislation of the Russian Federation implies only a scheme according to which the concessionaire pays the government funds for the right to use the object of the agreement, which is the entire Platon system and other equipment.
Simply put, the operator must pay the state a certain amount for the right to collect money from truck drivers. Despite this, the state itself pays a certain amount to the company. Many social media users and truckers were outraged by the fact that RTITS not only collects money from drivers, but also receives it from the state.
However, the company sends all the money received to the country's budget. In addition, the country's legislation provides for a mechanism in which there is a clause on the condition of the concessor's payment. The whole Plato system works according to this principle. The meaning of the whole mechanism is that the concessionaire builds the entire infrastructure at his own expense, which is then transferred to the possession of the government, which pays the concessionaire a certain amount for the creation of infrastructure.
The principle of operation of the system is quite simple. The truck driver pays to drive on federal highways, which he causes more damage with his heavy vehicles than other road users.
A completely justified principle, given the fact that, according to average statistics, the most tangible damage to federal roads is caused by vehicles weighing more than 12 tons.
The name "Plato" comes from two words - fee and tons. The system for collecting road tolls by the state is designed to For heavy vehicles weighing more than 12 tons. It also controls information on the movement of all heavy trucks on federal highways. The collected funds go to the budget to reduce the burden on it, as well as to compensate for the damage caused to the road surface.
The impetus for the creation of "Plato" was a huge number of cars weighing over 12 tons. For the safety of roads, including those of federal significance, it was proposed to create additional taxation of vehicle owners, which cause the main damage to roadways.
At the moment, the passage is 2.15 rubles per 1 km.
Legal regulation
- Federal Law No. 68 approves the requirements governing the introduction of cost for driving on highways by multi-ton vehicles. The law establishes a ban on movement without a fee. There are penalties for violating it.
- The integrity of the quality of the system and compliance with all processes are regulated by Federal Law No. 257 “On highways».
- The Budget Code is “dealing with” the sequence of actions for crediting financial resources.
The overall implementation of the Platon project is entrusted to RosTech-Invest TS, as well as to the Road Agency. An agreement was concluded between them for a period of 13 years, agreed with the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 29, 2014 No. 1662.
What cars are included
As mentioned above, the system regulates the operation of all vehicles weighing at least 12 tons. It's about how domestic cars, as well as foreign ones. The company also doesn't matter.
Plato was created exclusively for all cars of large mass. The weight is taken into account, including the equipped vehicle with passengers and a driver.
There are certain exceptions. They include such machines () as:
- army transport and any other military equipment;
- used by special services: resuscitation, ambulance, fire, police;
- special transport for the carriage of passengers, with the exception of cargo-passenger.
Therefore, they are obliged to pay for the passage of heavy trucks all "regular" organizations. Actually, the law was originally planned to affect truckers directly, regardless of the company for which they work.
Principle of operation
Understanding the system is easy. There are certain actions that are required to be performed by a driver who wants to travel on federal roads.
You must register in the system, as well as have your own bank account. This will allow you to pay for travel. Eat two types of board:
- With the installation of a special device in the car, capable of monitoring the movement of vehicles using a satellite, he also writes off certain amounts from the driver’s account, calculating the distance traveled.
- You can also get a special route map.
Data processing and ongoing monitoring will be unique not only on a national scale, but throughout the world information processing center. The system will read the mass of the car with specialized devices, and will also determine whether a tracker is installed in it or contributions are made by a card.
The project is truly unique, this was noted by foreign experts. equipment used and software minimize the role of the so-called human factor. This will help eliminate various corrupt practices, which is so important in our country.
The amount of fees and fines
Payments are made exclusively before the trip. Failure to comply with this rule is a violation of Federal Law No. 257. For 2018, the price of one kilometer by heavy truck is 2 rubles 15 kopecks.
The initial penalty is 5000 rubles. It can be obtained by the owner of the transport, except for non-residents, as well as the driver if the car is the property of a non-resident of the Russian Federation. If the driver or owner is caught violating the law for the second time, the amount that he is obliged to pay is equal to 10 000 rubles. This applies to both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
If a violation is recorded more than once on the same day, the violator is required to pay a fine. just for the first time. In the case when the violation concerns several vehicles of the owner, then he is obliged to pay a fee for each.
The Platon system is an analogue of foreign projects used by such developed countries as Singapore and the USA, as well as by many European states. For foreigners, such projects have shown excellent efficiency: the funds received have made it possible to ease the burden on the budget, as well as to more significantly repair roads. As for Russia, it is still unknown whether the measures taken will have a positive effect.
From November 15, 2015, owners of trucks with a permitted weight of more than 12 tons must pay tolls on federal roads. Truckers are boycotting the innovation with demands to impose a moratorium on the collection or completely abandon it. The government reacted moderately constructively, a new payment was introduced, but in a light format. What is "Plato" for the authorities and for freight carriers?
What is "Plato"
"Plato" is now called the whole project, which involves paying for the passage of heavy trucks: both the newly introduced payment and the means of collecting it. The name appeared from the abbreviation "fee per ton", has nothing to do with the Greek philosopher, friend and teacher of Aristotle.
In fact, Platon is a toll collection system (SVP) - a set of measures, equipment and software for automatically collecting, processing and monitoring information about the movement of trucks weighing more than 12 tons on federal public roads, as well as payment for kilometers traveled.
"User pays": the history of the introduction of the fee
The introduction of SVP for the passage of heavy trucks on federal highways was conceived by the authorities back in 2011. The essence of the payment is to compensate for the damage that is heavy vehicles(TC) cause the roadway. Against the background of the annual increase in the volume of trucking, the government saw no other way to solve the chronic underfunding of road construction.
The new fee appears in legislative acts as “a payment for compensation for damage to road surfaces” and did not get into the Tax Code (the government formally fulfills its promises).
| Normative act | Action |
|---|---|
| Law No. 68-FZ of 04/06/11 | The Budget Code, the Code of Administrative Offenses, the law "On Highways ..." have been changed:
|
| Government Decree No. 504 dated 06/14/13 | The order and size of the fee is established - 3.5 rubles. per km. |
| government order No. 1662-r dated 08/29/14 | RT-Invest LLC Transport Systems» (RTITS) was appointed as the developer of the Platon system and the toll collection operator. A 13-year concession agreement was signed with an annual operator remuneration of RUB 10.6 billion. |
| Government Decree No. 474 dated 18.05.15 | The amount of payment has been increased to 3.73 rubles. per km. |
| government decree No. 1191 dated 03.11.15 | The size of the fee for one kilometer of the way has been reduced, reducing coefficients have been introduced. |
| Law No. 378-FZ dated 12/14/15 | Reduced fines for travel without payment. |
| draft law No. 966991-6 dated 12/30/15 | It is planned to exempt owners of vehicles over 12 tons from transport tax. |
Tasks of the new collection
Firstly, restoration of road justice, implementation of the “user pays” principle. The Ministry of Transport charges heavy vehicles (12 tons and above) with 56% of the total damage caused annually to roads. According to the damage caused to the roadway, government experts equate the passage of one heavy truck to 20 thousand cars. The payer was a commercial freight transport, Russian and foreign, causing maximum damage to highways and extracting profit from the passage.
Secondly, with empty budget bins new fee kills an important hare - "black" carriers operating without registration. In order to surely bring free truckers out of the shadow, appropriate measures have also been prepared - a system of fines and several options for controlling the movement of trucks on the roads. According to Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, the Russian road transportation market is represented by 46,000 companies, 90% of which are small businesses and the shadow sector.
Third, direct economic effect. The money goes to the road fund and is spent on improving federal roads. The forecast for annual receipts is 40 billion rubles.
Who owns "Plato"
Operator "Plato" - private company RTITS, whose task is to develop the infrastructure of the project and maintain it for 13 years. The system itself is the property of the Russian Federation. Platon demanded 29 billion rubles. investments, of which: 27 - a loan from Gazprombank, 2 - own funds of RTITS.
The operator's services are paid, they will cost the state 10.6 billion rubles. in year. Part of the remuneration (46%) is subject to annual inflation indexation. Where will RTITS spend the received billions? The remuneration will be distributed as follows: 59% - current expenses, 35% - loan repayment, 8% - for a one-time replacement of equipment for 12 years, 6% - profit.
About personalities. RTITS - joint venture Igor Rotenberg, the son of billionaire Arkady Rotenberg, (50%) and the RT-invest investment fund (50%). The latter structure is 25% owned by the state corporation Rostec. The people call the new dues "Rothenberg's collection".
System elements. Technical base
All owners of 12-ton trucks are required to register in the Platon system: at the operator's office, on the website or through a self-service terminal. Information about the owner and the vehicle is entered into the database, including a scan / photo of the car registration certificate. After successful verification data, the user receives a Personal account in the system and a personal account number (l / s). Before the trip, the carrier must replenish the l / s and issue a route card (if the truck is not equipped with an on-board device).
The project infrastructure includes:
- Monitoring and control centers. They are engaged in the collection / processing of data on registration in the system, vehicle movements, payment, etc.
- Website http://platon.ru/ and mobile app . Designed for registering in the system and working with the Personal Account, for example, for issuing route maps.
- On-board devices BU 1201(2 million pieces). They are installed on trucks free of charge and with the help of GLONASS satellite navigation (GLONASS / GPS) they determine and transmit to the Platon Monitoring Centers the route of the vehicle. Calculation of payment for the day and write-off of money occurs automatically according to the on-board device (a positive balance of l / s is required).
- Mobile and stationary control systems: video fixation points (481 stationary frames) and cars with video cameras (100 complexes). Track the passage of trucks on federal roads.
- Offices and Self-Service Terminals system "Platon", where you can register and replenish l / s.
- 24/7 call center.
Payment scheme - advance, l / s can be replenished in any way:
- bank transfer to the account of the operator;
- by bank card through self-service terminals, QIWI, at Platon offices, in Personal account site;
- fuel cards E100 and DKV.
The fee for the kilometers traveled is calculated: automatically through the on-board device or by issuing a route card (in the Personal Account on the website, through the mobile application, at the Platon offices). You can get a route card for one trip or for a month. The route is formed by the carrier itself: it sets the start and finish of the flight, indicates intermediate points.
Only traffic on federal highways is charged general purpose(sections of toll and regional highways are not taken into account).
Fee amount
The initially approved fare for one kilometer was 3.73 rubles. However, the protests of truckers forced the government to reconsider the size of the payment - it will be increased in stages, at first there are reducing coefficients.
Penalty system
| Fines until 12/14/15 | Penalties effective from 01.01.16 |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Who pays | Amount, thousand rubles | Who pays | Amount, thousand rubles |
| For the first offense: | For the first offense: |
||
| driver | |||
| owners of Russian vehicles | |||
| For repeated violation: | For repeated violation: |
||
| officials | driver of a vehicle owned by a foreign carrier | ||
| owners of Russian vehicles | |||
World analogues
SVP from truck owners for causing damage to roads is practiced in Europe, including some CIS countries: Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belarus. The collection concept is the same: whoever does more damage pays more. The payment base differs - either the time of using the road infrastructure, or the kilometer run.
| System characteristics | Germany | Switzerland |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billing | by kilometers traveled | toll |
|||
| road network | 5.6 thousand km of motorways | highways and some roads | highways | 740 km of motorways and express roads | |
| Tariff differentiation | axle class | vehicle emission class |
|||
| type of road, time of day | axes, time of day | ||||
Source: website of the Federal Highway Agency
The Russian "Platon" is practically copied from the German Toll Collect system. The Germans also calculate the toll from trucks based on the distance traveled by On-Board Units (OBUs) using GPS navigation. Truckers without OBUs arrange and pay for the route at Toll Collect terminals. The means of control are stationary frames and mobile stations. Toll Collect began to develop in September 2002, but it was introduced only on 01.01.05 (the start was postponed several times, debugging the system).
About European tariffs. Traveling one kilometer with a 12-ton truck costs: in Austria - up to $ 0.49, in Germany - 0.09-0.14 €, in Belarus - $ 0.16. In terms of rubles, the tariffs for 1 km are: in Belarus - more than 10 rubles, in Austria and Germany - more than 40 rubles.
Criticism of the new collection
Question price: who is more?
Truckers consider the fee too high. How is the rate calculated? In 2012, the Ministry of Transport estimated the damage caused by one kilometer of roads by a heavy truck at 6.8 rubles, minus the excise tax on fuel - 3.5 rubles. This tariff was initially approved in 2013.
Calculations of damage to roads from trucks were based on the assumption that the average annual mileage of one vehicle (12 tons or more) is 8.5 thousand km. According to the estimates of the Ministry of Economic Development, this indicator is underestimated: average mileage of a heavy truck per year is 60 thousand km. The government naturally did not hear the remarks of the experts of the department: the Ministry of Economic Development justified the tariff of 0.97 rubles, and the budget is empty ...
Too many taxes
Owners of 12-ton trucks today pay for road repairs/construction in three fees:
- transport tax (credited to regional budgets);
- excises on fuel (reduce fees from heavy trucks);
- collection for damages to federal roads.
The transport tax and the new collection for the intended purpose duplicate each other. This is contrary to the principles of the tax system. After the protests, truckers were promised the abolition of the transport tax (the bill is under consideration), as a result, the fiscal burden on truckers may slightly decrease.
Justice will prevail. The regions will have to wait for compensation for shortfalls in income from the Federal Highway Fund, but they are no strangers to it.
Scale of influence on the economy
Russia is a big country, the distances are huge. Of all modes of transport, rail transport leads in terms of freight turnover (tons multiplied by kilometers traveled). However, without taking into account the structure of railway transportation and the weight of goods transported different types transport, the picture is incomplete. The fact is that Railway, mainly serves the raw materials sector (more than 70% of all transportation in tons), “civilian” cargo is “taken out” by vehicles.
As a result, the new dues will complicate the lives of 2 million players Russian market trucking: some will be forced to leave, others - to increase the cost of services. All this will undoubtedly affect the final price of goods. Experts estimate the contribution of the new fee to inflation in 2016 at 1-2% (see inflation expectations of the Central Bank). As a result, the entire population of the country will be dumped to repair roads. And it is not a fact that the quality of roads will become more worthy.
Is Plato's operator legally chosen?
The tender was announced in August 2013. One of the requirements for participants is experience in creating and maintaining similar systems. Only companies with foreign capital met this condition. Therefore, the government, for reasons of national security, canceled the competition, entrusting the RTITS project.
By general rule the law "On Concession Agreements" prescribes to select a partner on a competitive basis. But Russian rule-making was initially sharpened by the principle of "the law that draws". Law No. 115-FZ is no exception, which also provides for non-competitive options when the government determines the concessionaire.
"Dampness" of the system
By 11/15/15, the toll collection system was not ready. Instead of an established procedure, cargo carriers were expected to:
- undeveloped contractual basis between the carrier and RTITS;
- a lack of on-board devices and failure of the installed BU1201 during the trip in the absence of an algorithm for the driver's actions;
- unstable work site and the inability to issue a route map;
- unsatisfactory work of the call center and other failures.
In such conditions, the increased fiscal burden, coupled with its injustice and draconian fines naturally aroused fierce resistance from truckers to the innovation. The authorities agreed to a compromise, and over the past two months the ice has broken: the system has worked satisfactorily, the tariff has been reduced (albeit temporarily), and the penalties have become lifting. However, the ideal operation of the SVP is still far away.
"Plato" is my friend?
According to the results of December, Platon reports: 1.962 billion rubles were collected, more than 19 thousand owners of 12-ton trucks were registered, 2,403 route maps were issued. A postpaid scheme is being developed, presumably it will work from 04/15/16.
In European practice, the collection from trucks was introduced gradually, a debugging test period with zero payment was practiced. The Russian "Platon", to put it mildly, is imperfect, but due to design errors, the introduction of a moratorium would cost the state dearly. Firstly, then it would be necessary to freeze the financing of the road builders. Secondly, war is war, and the annual RTITS payment is on schedule.
The Russian population does not trust the government, knowing its talent for “efficiently” spending budget funds. After all the concessions that the government has made, the wheels of the new collection in 2016 are likely to spin at the very least. Only fears that the collected funds will disappear into that black hole, in which excises and transport taxes disappear without any consequences for the state of roads, will not go away.
