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A search was made for information and sources of information about the prototype engine of the KamAZ-720 internal combustion engine being designed, as well as about the manufacturer of the KamAZ prototype engine.
The main characteristics of the prototype engine are given, as well as the history of the manufacturer.
Short description diesel engine KAMAZ-740
Engines KAMAZ-740 and its various modifications widely used in civil and military equipment. Most widespread using these engines or their modifications, KamAZ-5320 and KamAZ-4310 cars were received.
Model - diesel Kamaz-740
Type - four-stroke compression ignition
Number of cylinders - 8
Cylinder arrangement - V-shaped, 90° camber
Cylinder firing order - 1-5- 4-2-6-3-7-8
Direction of rotation crankshaft- right
Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm - 120x120
Working volume, l - 10.85
Compression ratio - 17
Guaranteed power, kW (hp) - 154.4 (210)
Maximum torque, N / m (kgf / m) - 650 (65)
The frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, min:
With guaranteed power - 2600
- at maximum torque, min - 1600...1800
- at idle, no more than:
- minimum - 600
- maximum - 2930
Specific consumption fuel, g/l. s./h (according to speed characteristic):
Minimum - 165
- Maximum - 178
Valve timing:
opening inlet valve- 13°
intake valve closing - 49°
opening exhaust valve- 66°
exhaust valve closing - 10°
Number of valves per cylinder - one intake and one exhaust
Oil pressure in a warm engine, MPa (kgf/cm2), at crankshaft speed:
Nominal - 0.40...0.55 (4.0...5.5)
- minimum idle move, not less than - 0.1 (1)
Mass of the power unit, kg - 1120
Mass of an unfilled engine, kg - 730
The history of the creation of KamAZ-740
The history of the creation of the engine originates at the ZIL plant. The ZIL-170 car was designed at this plant. The car was created to replace the ZIL-130, which was supposed to replace it as soon as possible.
The first ZIL-170 was built at the end of 1968. Already in May 1969, the first prototype of the ZIL-170 car passed the first tests on the Uglich-Rybinsk section.
However, during the run it turned out that the 180-strong power of the Yaroslavl diesel engine is clearly not enough for a car of this class. The installation of an eight-cylinder 240-horsepower YaMZ-238 would increase engine compartment and would require a complete redevelopment of the cockpit. I had to develop a special engine, later called KamAZ-740. Stories that this engine was a copy of the American original are not actually confirmed. The history of its appearance is much more interesting. The fact is that shortly before that, into service Soviet army The T-64 tank was adopted. He had a unique engine design with counter-moving pistons. With a 120 mm bore and 120 mm stroke, the displacement of this 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel 13570 cu. see There was an idea to use an eight-cylinder version tank engine on the truck. However, the power of such a diesel engine turned out to be excessive - 560 Horse power for a truck at that time it would be too cool. No one then imagined that in the future, a 731-horsepower 17.24-liter engine would be installed on the rally version of this car, accelerating a 12-ton car to hundreds in 16 seconds and allowing it to develop a 215-kilometer speed.
In the end, the designers decided, using high-silicon aluminum alloy pistons and I-section steel connecting rods from a tank engine, to create a conventional V-shaped four-stroke diesel engine, which, having a 10.857-liter volume, developed 210-horsepower at 2100 rpm .
The crankcase of the engine was cast from cast iron and closed from below with a stamped pallet. Wet-type cylinder liners were installed in the block bores. From above, the sleeves were closed with individual heads.
Coolant passages were made along the entire height of the cylinders, which ensured intensive heat removal from the cylinder liners, which ensured cooling of the pistons and piston rings and lower the oil temperature. The water jackets of the block and cylinder heads communicated with each other through special holes in the mating planes, sealed with rubber rings.
The bottom of the camber block was installed camshaft, which set in motion the upper valves of the gas distribution mechanism. A crankshaft was attached under the camshaft in the main bearings.
With the engine was interlocked and new transmission, equipped with the so-called divider - an additional two-stage box gear, installed between the clutch and the main gearbox and allows you to double the number of steps in the transmission. A lockable center differential was also used.
The engine and transmission at ZiL were manufactured quite quickly, but after the adoption of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the construction of a complex of factories for the production heavy vehicles mobiles in Naberezhnye Chelny, it was decided to transfer further development and subsequent assembly of the ZIL-170 to KamAZ. At the same time, the name of the ZIL-170 car was changed to KamAZ-5320. The first, experimental KamAZ-5320, already with a new engine, was assembled in 1974, and the first serial copy left the factory assembly line on February 16, 1976 - on the eve of the start of the XXV Congress of the CPSU.
With a 4510 mm wheelbase, the KamAZ-5320 had a length of 7435 mm and a width of 2.5 meters. Height without awning was 2.63 m 
etra.
Kamaz-740. Cross section.
Autumn 1970 - the first cubic meters of concrete were laid in the foundation of the first-born KAMAZ - the Repair and Tool Plant, as well as the body of gray and ductile iron of the Foundry.
January 1971 - the first 12-storey residential building in Naberezhnye Chelny was commissioned for the pioneers of KAMAZ.
1973 - the buildings of almost all objects of the first stage of the complex were erected, the first city tram was put into operation, the first power unit of the thermal power plant was put under load.
May 1974 - the first engine was assembled in the experimental department of the chief designer of KAMAZ.
1975 - installation, commissioning of technological equipment, production of trial products are underway at all plants of the complex.
December 1975 - the power unit N 1 was assembled at the engine plant according to temporary technology, but on its own.
February 16, 1976 - the first car factory rolled off the main assembly line. kama truck.
The country's government has approved a general scheme for managing the automotive industry. According to this scheme, KAMAZ received the status of a production association and began to report directly to the Minavtoprom, bypassing all central offices.
December 29, 1976 - The State Commission, headed by the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR V. N. Polyakov, signed an act on the commissioning of the first stage of the Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy trucks.
By the time the 1st stage was commissioned, KAMAZ had huge production assets. They were 2 times higher than at VAZ and 3 times higher than the industry-wide figure for the Minavtoprom.
October 1977 - KAMAZ completed its first annual plan ahead of schedule, producing 15,000 vehicles. By the end of December there were already 22,000 of them.
August 1978 - 50,000th truck manufactured.
June 1979 - a truck number 100000 left the main assembly line. The growth rate of production at KAMAZ was a record not only for our country.
April 1980 - the 150,000th heavy truck was produced.
February 1981 - the capacities of the second stage of KAMAZ were put into operation.
February 1983 - the main event of this year was the creation of the production company KAMAZavtotsentr, the main task of which was to provide all KamAZ vehicles with warranty service and the supply of spare parts for them for the entire period of the car's life. by the end of the decade, it included 210 auto centers. A developed network of auto centers in the vast territory of the USSR, as well as abroad, immediately brought KAMAZ closer to the consumer, made it possible to quickly respond to customer requirements, effectively conduct marketing research, carry out vehicle repairs and supply spare parts as quickly as possible.
At present, KAMAZ auto centers are also turning into active dealer centers sales of cars and spare parts.
1986 - KamAZ trucks, which account for only a quarter of the country's harvesting truck fleet, transported 60% of the 1986 harvest.
1987 - the production of small cars "Oka" was created. On December 21 of the same year, the first Kama minicar Oka-VAZ-1111 rolled off the assembly line. In 1994, the plant for the production of small cars "Oka" was put into operation, designed to produce 75,000 cars a year.
1988 - according to experts, since the beginning of the production of KamAZ vehicles, the country has received about 8 billion rubles from their operation. transport profit. Thus, already in the first ten years of operation, KAMAZ fully justified all the state investments related to its construction.
June 25, 1990 - The Government decided to create a joint-stock company based on the property of the KAMAZ Production Association. KAMAZ became the first of the country's largest enterprises to enter the era of new economic relations. The charter of the joint-stock company KAMAZ was approved at the general meeting on August 11, 1990.
April 14, 1993 - a fire at the engine plant, which engulfed the entire enterprise in a matter of minutes, almost completely destroyed not only the production building itself, but also the most complex technological equipment.
From the very first days of the elimination of the consequences of the fire, work went in two directions - the restoration of capacities for the production of 100 thousand engines and, in parallel, the creation of production power units based on the latest technological equipment. In an unprecedentedly short time, thanks to the support of the government of Russia and Tatarstan, KAMAZ managed to literally restore the enterprise again from the ashes. Already in December 1993, the engine plant produced the first post-fire products.
Today, the KAMAZ OJSC group is a single production complex located in Naberezhnye Chelny, which includes 9 specialized plants, including all technological stages of modern mechanical engineering, as well as 6 plants located outside Chelny: in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. All of them have an independent legal status with the right to work independently on the market.
Historical background
By the mid-1960s, the problem of freight transportation by road was more acute than ever in the former USSR. The country has long been in need of a new truck capable of dramatically increasing labor productivity in transport and in a short period of time greatly increasing freight turnover.
None of the existing automobile plants in the country could perform such a task. Completely new modern trucks were required - comfortable, powerful, versatile, capable of operating efficiently in any climatic and road conditions and fill the niche of vehicles with a carrying capacity of 8 to 20 tons.
In 1969, the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of a complex of factories for the production of heavy vehicles was adopted.
70 options for its placement were studied. The choice fell on a small town on the Kama Naberezhnye Chelny. Its benefits were obvious. In terms of its geographical location, Naberezhnye Chelny was in the very center of the former Soviet Union, the navigable rivers Kama and Volga, the proximity of the railway solved all problems with the provision of construction, building materials, raw materials, equipment, components, and in the future - transportation of trucks to consumers.
And the presence in the region of the largest construction organization KamGESenergostroy made it possible to create all the conditions for completing the construction of a dam and a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of about one and a half million kilowatt-hours, erecting factory buildings and housing for future automakers.
The construction site in Naberezhnye Chelny brought together workers and specialists from all over the Union, representing more than 70 nationalities.
Over 2,000 enterprises, all central departments of the USSR Gossnab, ministries and departments fulfilled KAMAZ orders for building materials and equipment. More than 100 thousand people worked at the construction site itself.
The future automobile plant was provided with the most modern technological equipment at that time. More than 700 foreign companies took part in its equipment, including the world-famous corporations Swindell-Dresler, Holcroft, Seacast, Ingersoll Rand from America, Bush, Huller, Liebherr from Germany, Italian Morando, Excella, Fata, French Renault, Swedish Sandvik , Japanese Kamatsu and Hitachi.
KAMAZ was born literally from scratch - in the middle of a hilly field. In order to smooth out the unevenness of the terrain and carry out the vertical planning, the builders had to pour and transport millions of cubic meters of soil.
On December 13, 1969, the first bucket of earth was excavated at the construction of the Kama Automobile Plant, which was designed to produce 150,000 heavy vehicles and 250,000 engines per year.
The complex of factories on the Kama is spread over a vast territory of 22 square miles.
Simultaneously with the construction of the automobile plant, huge utility problems were being solved. KAMAZ pulled hundreds of thousands of people out of barracks and communal apartments, gave comfortable housing, modern educational institutions, kindergartens, medical institutions, numerous cultural, sports, recreation and leisure facilities.
Thanks to KAMAZ, a powerful industrial and scientific center was created in the Kama region, as well as a developed infrastructure for a suburban agricultural zone.
Every year the city was replenished by 30-40 thousand people. If before the construction of KAMAZ in Naberezhnye Chelny there were 27 thousand people, then by the mid-90s more than 530 thousand inhabitants, dozens of nationalities and different religions, lived in the autocity, for whom all conditions were created related to the development of their original cultures and national religions.
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Now, few people remember that this car was created and tested by ZIL employees: the prototype was called ZIL-170, and the Yaroslavl Motor Plant prepared the engine for it. The prototype was ready back in 1968!
The terms of reference for the design of the experimental ZIL-170 implied the creation of 10 modifications of heavy vehicles with a 6x4 wheel arrangement for operation as part of road trains weighing up to 26.5 tons and six all-wheel drive. 
Having developed the ZIL-133 family of vehicles, the launch of which into production according to different reasons postponed, KEO "ZIL" in 1967 began work on a new promising family of vehicles ZIL-170 (6x4) and ZIL-175 (4x2), similar in class ZIL-133.
As a prototype, among those purchased abroad for testing and identifying the required class of hooded and cabover counterparts, the choice of the chief designer for ZiL trucks Anatoly Mavrikievitch Krieger fell on the American "International" series 220.
International COF-220 (1962-1966). 
It is possible that when choosing a sample, the fact that Krieger was already familiar with International trucks from work on the ZiS-150 also played a role. 
cabover layout with a comfortable cabin; powerful diesel engine; pneumohydraulic booster in the clutch drive; 5-speed synchromesh gearbox with front splitter converting it to 10-speed; multi-circuit pneumatic brake system; lockable center differential; steering with hydraulic booster; the ability to work as part of a road train - the qualities of a new truck, which made it possible to take a revolutionary step in the production of Soviet trucks.
In the ZiL version, the cabin acquired slightly different, more rectangular shapes and an elegant front end, with such a familiar air intake grille on the right side.
ZIL-175 
ZIL-170 at VDNKh, 1969. 
Already in May 1969, the first prototype of the ZIL-170 car passed the first tests on the Uglich-Rybinsk section.
For a quarter of a century, the design and construction of machines have not changed much ...
ZIL-170 
But the ZIL-170 was never mass-produced at its native plant.
By the mid-60s of the last century, there was an acute shortage of trucks in the USSR, especially with a carrying capacity of more than 8 tons. Cargo turnover inside Soviet Union grew, and none of the existing automobile plants in the country was ready to launch the production of such cars. Brand new trucks were required. Most machines (most truck fleet were medium-duty vehicles) have long worked out the standard terms. There is a need for technology greater load capacity, road trains for long haul bulk cargo and heavy dump trucks. The directives of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU stated: "It is required to create a complex of car factories for the production of trucks in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and related enterprises in the surrounding areas ...".
In mid-1969, the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR was adopted on the construction of a complex of factories for the production heavy vehicles in Naberezhnye Chelny. City by its geographical location (proximity railway and other factors) came up as a place for a future car factory. In addition, the organization "Kamgesenergostroy" would cope both with the construction of a dam and a 1.5 million kilowatt hydroelectric power station, and with the construction of factory buildings and housing. 
The construction of KamAZ turned out to be the last "All-Union shock Komsomol construction project", which was successfully completed, and much earlier than planned.
The prototype truck KamAZ-5320 (ZiL-170) with a cab with a berth in testing. 
"KamAZ" of factory assembly on tests. 
After construction, the documentation for the new Kama Automobile Plant was transferred to new truck, familiar to us as KamAZ. 
In May 1974, the first engine was assembled at KamAZ in the experimental department of the chief designer, and assembly line production on your own, but still using temporary technology, began in December 1975. The first 5 KamAZ-5320 trucks left the main assembly line, who was still only in the commissioning mode, on February 16, 1976. According to the tradition of those years, trucks from the first batch were decorated with the slogan "Our labor gift to the XXV Congress of the CPSU."
KAMAZ-5320 No. 1. 
While the KamAZ team continued to assemble cars on the main conveyor in the adjustment mode from parts obtained in the process of commissioning of technological equipment, the government approved the general scheme for managing the automotive industry. According to this scheme, the Kama Automobile Plant received the status of a production association and began to report directly to the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry, bypassing all the central offices. December 29, 1976 State Commission headed by the Minister automotive industry USSR V.N. Polyakov signed an act on the commissioning of the first stage of the Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy trucks. By the end of 1976, 5,000 vehicles were produced, including the KamAZ-5320, its modifications and the KamAZ-5410 truck tractor. The production of the chassis for the KamAZ-5511 dump truck began in 1977. All these models had a similar design and were largely unified.
Model range KamAZ:
Heavy duty 5410, 5411, 5415, 5425, 5320, 5321, 5360, 5510, 5511, 4310, 4311, 6511
bonnet 4355
medium duty 4911, 4925
This is how the "people's" KamAZ appeared.
P.S. On the official websites of KamAZ, there is no mention of the ZIL-170.
„ … More than 700 foreign companies, among which were world-famous corporations: Ingersoll-Rand, Komatsu, Liebherr, Morando, Renault, Sandvik, Fata, Hitachi…”Who expected that such a young company, which is only 40 years old, would become one of the largest manufacturers trucks and partly special equipment. But this is true, perhaps the state has played a huge role in the history of the company. Since the company was originally created with money from the state budget. However, about everything in order and from the very beginning ...
past century. In the 60s, there was a need to create a large fleet of Russian heavy trucks, which was supposed to be profitable, competitive, comfortable, powerful, and most importantly, have the ability to be operated anywhere in the world, despite climatic and road features different countries.
The reason for the need for such a fleet was the situation of those times in the country. Even if the production of all existing domestic trucks were sharply increased, the problem of increasing freight turnover in the country would not be solved.
Actually, therefore, there was a clear need to create a fundamentally new and high-quality truck, the appearance of which would significantly increase labor productivity in the transport sector.
And the problem, why such a truck did not appear earlier, lurked in the industry itself of that time - there was not a single plant in the USSR that could cope with the task.
Therefore, in 1969, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU signed the "Resolution on the construction of a complex of enterprises for the production of trucks." Before signing the document, more than 70 options accommodation. However, it was decided to abandon large cities, and as a result, they chose a small town on the Kama River - Naberezhnye Chelny.
The official "laying" of the stone in the foundation of the plant.
And although the city was "tiny" compared to other options, it had its advantages: geographical location - almost the center former USSR; logistics - the proximity of the navigable rivers Kama and Volga, as well as the railway nearby (transport logistics training).
All these pluses solved the problems with the delivery of building materials, equipment and components for truck assembly to the new enterprise. A few decades later, these same factors eliminated the problem with the transportation of finished products.
It is worth noting the "indirect reason" that influenced the choice of people who signed the decree on the construction of the complex. It was the largest construction organization operating in the region, Kamgesenergostroy, which could cope not only with the construction of a dam and a hydroelectric power plant with a capacity of about one and a half million kilowatt-hours, but also with the construction of enterprise buildings and housing for future workers of the new complex.
"And the construction of the century began in a small town on the Kama" - said many people, including famous personalities. From different parts of the Union, specialists and workers of more than 70 different nationalities begin to come to the construction site in Naberezhnye Chelny.
On December 13, 1969, everything begins - on this day, workers begin digging trenches for the foundation of the Kama Automobile Plant, which planned to produce 150,000 trucks and 250,000 engines a year. An area of about 22 square miles was allocated for the construction of the complex.
In the autumn of 1970, the first cubic meters of concrete were laid in the foundation of the "firstborn" of KAMAZ - it became the Repair and Tool Plant, and the buildings of gray and ductile iron of the Foundry.
And a little later, in January 1971, the construction of the first twelve-story residential building in Naberezhnye Chelny for employees of the KAMAZ company was completed. Two years later, almost all buildings of all objects of the first stage of the complex were surrendered, in connection with this, the first tram began to run on the streets of the city.
It is interesting that more than 2,000 enterprises will take part in the construction, all the central departments of the USSR Gossnab, ministries and various departments - all carried out KAMAZ orders for the supply of building materials and equipment for factories. More than 100,000 people were involved at the construction site itself.
At that time, the car factory was the most modern and technologically advanced in the territory of the former USSR. More than 700 foreign companies participated in equipping KAMAZ enterprises, among which were world-famous corporations: Ingersoll-Rand, Komatsu, Liebherr, Morando, Renault, Sandvik, Fata, Hitachi.
However, in addition to the construction of a complex for KAMAZ in the Kama region, one of the most powerful industrial and science Center, and after it the developed infrastructure of the nearby suburban agricultural zone will appear.
In 1974, the first engine will be presented to the government and ministers, over which for a long time worked in the experimental department of the chief designer of KAMAZ.
A year later, at all plants of the complex, work on the installation of equipment, commissioning works come to a logical conclusion, and only after that do trial products appear.
Thanks to the construction of enterprises on the Kama, the number of the city begins to increase by 30,000-40,000 people every year. As a result, before construction, 27,000 inhabitants lived in the city, and by the mid-90s, the autocity will grow many times up to 530,000 inhabitants, representing dozens of nationalities and different religions. For visitors, all conditions are created related to the development of the traditions of their cultures, national religions.
At the beginning of 1976, the first Kama truck leaves the main assembly line of the automobile plant. And later, the plant receives the status of a production association - this became possible after the government of the USSR approved the general scheme for managing the automotive industry.
The first truck left the assembly line in 1976.
A little later, in December, an act was officially signed on the commissioning of the first stage of the Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy vehicles. It should be noted that before the commissioning of the first stage, KAMAZ had huge production assets, which were 2 times higher than at VAZ.
In October 1977, the management of KAMAZ announced the early completion of the first annual plan, having produced 15,000 trucks. By the end of the year, the growth of finished products had crossed the mark of 22,000 vehicles.
August 1978 was marked in the history of the company by the release of the "jubilee" 50,000th KAMAZ truck, and a year later, the 100,000th truck was produced. In 1980, the milestone was passed - the 150,000th KAMAZ.
Later, one of major events in history car company, namely, in 1983, a subsidiary company "KAMAZavtotsentr" was created, whose tasks included providing all KAMAZ vehicles with warranty service and also organizing the supply of spare parts for cars for the entire period of the car's life. By 1990, the network had 210 auto centers located on the territory of the USSR and foreign countries.
However, the history of KAMAZ is not only trucks, but also ... In 1987, adjustment work was completed, and on December 21, the first mini-car Oka-VAZ-1111 rolled off the assembly line.
Three years later, by decision of the government, on the basis of the property of the production complex, a Joint-Stock Company KAMAZ. The new OJSC became one of the first joint-stock companies in the Soviet Union.
However, not everything was so smooth in the company. April 1993 was marked for the company by a fire at the engine manufacturing plant. The fire quickly engulfed in a matter of minutes all the buildings of the plant, eventually destroying in addition to the production building, and the most difficult technological equipment.
After the fire was extinguished, the restoration work in two directions - the restoration of the former capacities of the engine plant, and the second - work on the creation of the production of power units using the latest technological equipment.
Less than a year later, the company was completely restored. And in December 1993, the first products of the engine plant appeared after the fire.
In 1994, changes took place at the plant, and after them a conveyor was put into operation, designed to assemble about 75,000 Oka minicars per year.
Five years later, the 1,600,000th KAMAZ rolled off the assembly line, by the same time the two millionth diesel engine had been produced.
In 2003, the company passed the mark of 1,700,000 trucks. Interestingly, in the same year, assembly capacities were introduced medium duty trucks with a load capacity of 3-5 tons.
Today, the company, as before, continues its development, releasing new models of trucks and buses. Eighth place in the world in terms of production of diesel engines, and in Russia the manufacturer is one of the largest and most developed industries, including nine largest specialized plants.
KAMAZ
JSC "KAMAZ"(English) KAMAZ) (Kam sky A car h avod) is a Russian automotive company, the largest complex of enterprises in Russia and the CIS for the production of heavy vehicles, tractors, diesel engines and components, located in Naberezhnye Chelny (Tatarstan, Russia).
Ranked among the top 10 global manufacturing companies heavy trucks, ranks 8th in the world in terms of production of diesel engines.
OJSC KAMAZ is a full-cycle automotive production uniting metallurgical, forging, press-frame, mechanical assembly, special machine building and tool production with all the necessary power and auxiliary facilities as part of 16 specialized plants in the Russian Federation and CIS countries, from 9 of them are in Naberezhnye Chelny. In addition to development and production, the company is engaged in after-sales service trucks and cars, domestic and foreign trade and other activities.
Main production capacity The plants are located in the industrial zone of Naberezhnye Chelny.
Story
Planning
In the 1960s, the economy of the USSR needed an increase in the fleet of trucks, especially modern type with a lifting capacity of 8 to 20 tons with a more economical diesel engine. Existing car factories could not fill this need.
In August 1969, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a number of documents, including Decree No. 674 of August 14, 1969 "On the construction of a complex of automobile plants in Naberezhnye Chelny of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic." Factories were supposed to specialize in the production of heavy vehicles only. Construction of factories in this place the location of the city - in the center of the country, the presence of the navigable rivers Kama and Volga, the proximity of the railway - contributed to the future auto giant building materials, raw materials, equipment and components. According to the original project, it was supposed to produce 150,000 heavy vehicles and 250,000 engines per year.
Construction of factories and city
Already on December 13, 1969, excavator Mikhail Noskov took out the first bucket of earth at the industrial site of the future auto giant on the Kama. Construction and installation work began in February 1970, and by the end of the year, the first cubic meters of concrete were laid in the foundation of the first-born KAMAZ - the Repair and Tool Plant, as well as the gray and ductile iron buildings of the Foundry.
The pace of construction of the plant complex increased. In the early 70s, KamAZ was declared a shock Komsomol construction site. During 1970-1981, it was mastered capital investments in the amount of 4.2 billion rubles. (including for construction and installation work - 1.8 billion rubles) and introduced fixed production assets in the amount of 3.9 billion rubles. (which is equal to their cost at ZIL, GAZ, VAZ combined).
The total unfolded area of buildings and structures of the complex amounted to 3343 thousand m² (as of January 1, 1991, it was completed to 3826 thousand m² or 81% of the project).
More than 30 thousand units of the most modern technological equipment were installed at the plants of the complex, including 20 thousand production units worth over 2 billion rubles, half of which was imported. Over 81% were equipment operating on an automatic and semi-automatic cycle, including about 700 automatic, flow-mechanized and complex-mechanized lines. More than 700 foreign firms from 19 European countries (CMEA and Western Europe), the USA, Canada, and Japan, 2000 factories from 500 cities of the Soviet Union took part in equipping KamAZ.
In parallel, the construction of the New City of Naberezhnye Chelny was going on. The first 12-storey residential building for the pioneers of KamAZ was commissioned in 1971. It was planned to increase the population of the city dozens of times - from a little less than thirty thousand to half a million people. This meant conducting a kind of large-scale social experiment - comfortable housing, medical and educational institutions, sports facilities and cultural institutions, as well as the adjacent infrastructure, were built at a grandiose pace. Up to 40 thousand people annually replenished the city in the late 1970s-1980s.
Design and launch of production
The technical design of KamAZ was developed by the Giproavtoprom Institute and the KamAZ Project Department together with leading enterprises and organizations of the USSR: the Promstroyproekt Institute of the USSR State Construction Committee and Giprodvigatel (Yaroslavl).
Also, foreign companies were involved in the design of individual production facilities: Swindell - Dressler (Pittsburgh, USA) - technological and special parts of the foundry, Renault (France) - engine plant project, Liebherr (Stuttgart, Germany) - production gearboxes.
The design of the first generation of vehicles and engines KAMAZ 5320 is based on the promising family of vehicles ZIL-170 (6x4) and ZIL-175 (4x2) developed by Moscow Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhacheva and Yaroslavsky engine plant in 1967-1969.
In 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. A year later, using temporary technology, they began assembling power units.
Car production
The first KamAZ vehicle rolled off the main assembly line on February 16, 1976 - the onboard KAMAZ-5320. And at the end of the year, on December 29, the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR V.N. Polyakov approved the act on commissioning the first stage of the Kama complex of plants for the production of heavy trucks, previously signed by the state commission.
The plan approved for the year (15,000 cars) was completed ahead of schedule - in October 1977 (on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Revolution), and overfulfilled in a year by almost a third (22,000).
Already in June 1979, the 100,000th truck rolled off the main assembly line. The growth of production at KamAZ is breaking world records and is unprecedented for the USSR.
In February 1981, the capacities of the second stage of KamAZ were put into operation.
In the tenth year of production (in 1987), a production line was established small cars"Oka". The first car ("Oka-VAZ-1111") was released already on December 21 (in 1994 a whole Plant for the production of small cars "Oka").
In 1988, a financial and economic study of the enterprise was carried out. According to experts, since the beginning of the production of KamAZ vehicles, the Soviet Union has received about 8 billion rubles from their operation alone. transport profit. That is, in the first ten years of operation, KamAZ fully justified all the investments associated with its construction. Making up a third of the country's truck fleet, KamAZ vehicles transported up to two thirds of all goods transported by road.
In 1990, one of the first joint-stock companies of the RSFSR and the Soviet Union, OJSC KAMAZ, was created on the basis of KamAZ plants.
1993 fire
On April 14, 1993, a fire started at engine factory KAMAZ. It covered the entire enterprise, destroying the main production building and the most sophisticated technological equipment. The engine plant was completely destroyed.
Damage automotive production Russia was huge, with the support of the government of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, the enterprise managed to gradually restore the production capacity of 100 thousand engines, as well as put into operation the latest technological equipment for the production of power units. In December 1993, the engine plant started producing again.
KAMAZ in the 1990s
In the 1990s, due to a general decline in production in Russia and financial difficulties, an unfavorable economic situation developed at KAMAZ plants. Huge capacities were actually idle, which is why, first of all, the population of the city suffered, since KAMAZ has always been a city-forming enterprise.
By the end of the 1990s, through the efforts of the company's management, with the support of the governments of Russia and Tatarstan, it was possible to convert the debt of the association in the amount of 1 billion US dollars into the company's shares, restore production after a fire at the engine plant, master the production of new truck models and break even.
On August 30, 1999, the 1,600,000th heavy truck rolled off the KAMAZ assembly line. The engine plant produced by that time 2 million diesel engines.
In 2001, for the first time in seven years, KAMAZ made a profit of fifty-seven million rubles.
KAMAZ in the early 2000s
In 2005, a controlling stake in OAO ZMA (a small car plant that produced cars Oka) was sold to the Severstal-Avto group.
In 2006, the KAMAZ-master team won the Dakar off-road rally for the seventh time (fifth time in a row). For improving the quality of KAMAZ production (new engines comply with international environmental standards"Euro-3") - the only one of the representatives of the machine-building area, received in 2006 the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of quality.
In 2007, KAMAZ produced 52,650 trucks, 63,200 engines and power units - this was a record for the years following the fire. The 1.8 millionth car rolled off the assembly line (since the start of production 30 years ago). Despite an insufficient amount, but given the complication of production technology and the transition to new standards, it was announced that the level of loading of car production in the Soviet era had been reached.
In the same year on foreign markets a record number of KAMAZ vehicles was sold in the history of export - 13444 units. Decree of the President of Russia CEO KAMAZ OJSC S. A. Kogogin was awarded the Order of Friendship.
In 2008, the Machine-Building Educational Cluster KAMAZ-KSTU (KAI) was created - a joint project of KAMAZ OJSC and KSTU im. A. N. Tupoleva aimed at training technical personnel for KAMAZ.
Name history
Open Joint Stock Company "KAMAZ" was established on August 23, 1990 through the transformation of the Production Association "KAMAZ" of the Ministry of Automobile and Agricultural Engineering of the USSR into Joint-Stock Company open type in accordance with the Decree Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 616 of June 25, 1990. It became one of the largest enterprises in the USSR.
Previously, the company's name has changed several times:
- In 1969-1973 - it was called Kama Automobile Plant - directorate of Kamsky car factory (used two names equally);
- Since 1973 - Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy vehicles;
- Since 1976 - Production Association"KAMAZ"
Since 1973, KAMAZ OJSC has owned the trademarks KAMAZ and KAMAZ, and since 1987, the combined trademark KAMAZ with the image of a wild steppe horse (Argamak). These trademarks are recognized as well-known in the territory Russian Federation, decisions of the Chamber for Patent Disputes of the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and trademarks starting December 31, 1999.
The previously used name "KamAZ" is no longer used. For example, nowadays both the brand name and car brands on products are written in upper case, for example: " side tractor KAMAZ-43114".
Group structure
OJSC KAMAZ has more than 110 subsidiaries and affiliates, owns shares in the authorized capital of more than 50 different companies and enterprises. Together they form the "KAMAZ Group"
The group includes:
KAMAZ trucks on the forum site, model range:
From: Vasiliev A., 21379 views
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