1. General provisions
1.1. These Rules are a single normative act establishing the procedure for traffic throughout the entire territory of the USSR.
1.2. In the USSR it was established right-hand traffic Vehicle.
1.3. Road users are required to know and strictly comply with the requirements of these Rules, comply with the orders of police officers and persons authorized to regulate traffic regarding the traffic order, as well as the requirements of traffic lights, road signs (Appendix 1) and road markings (Appendix 2).
1.4. Persons authorized to regulate traffic (military traffic controllers, freelance police officers, combatants, employees of the road maintenance service, on duty at railway crossings, ferry crossings, etc.) must act within the rights granted to them and have an appropriate certificate and a distinctive sign - a sleeve a bandage, a wand, a disk with a red signal (reflector) or a flag.
1.5. Each road user who observes these Rules has the right to expect that other persons also comply with the requirements of the Rules.
1.6. Road users and other persons must act in such a way that they do not create danger or obstruct traffic, do not cause harm to state, public organizations and citizens.
Note. Other persons are understood as officials of transport, road, communal and other enterprises and organizations, workers performing any work on the road, as well as any persons whose actions may affect the established traffic order.
1.7. Traffic restrictions other than those provided for in standing Rules, may be entered in the prescribed manner only with the help of signs, markings and traffic lights in accordance with the current regulatory enactments.
1.8. Instructions and other normative acts relating to the peculiarities of road traffic (transportation of special cargoes, operation of certain types of vehicles, movement in a closed area, etc.) must be based on the requirements of these Rules.
1.9. Persons who violate these Rules are liable in accordance with the current legislation of the USSR and Union republics.
2. Basic concepts and terms
"Road user" - a person who is directly involved in the process of movement as a pedestrian, driver, passenger of a vehicle, driver of animals.
"Driver" means a person who drives a vehicle.
"Pedestrian" - a person who is outside the vehicle on the road and does not work on it. Pedestrians are also considered to be persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sledge, cart, baby or wheelchair.
"Advantage" - the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.
"Give way (do not obstruct)" - a requirement that a road user must not resume or continue to move, perform any maneuver, if this may force other road users to change direction or speed.
"Stop" - the deliberate cessation of the movement of the vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.
"Parking" - stopping the movement of the vehicle for more than 5 minutes, if this is not related to the boarding or disembarkation of passengers or the loading or unloading of the vehicle.
"Forced stop" - the termination of the movement of the vehicle due to its technical malfunction or the danger posed by the transported cargo, the driver's condition.
"Overtaking" - the advance of one or more vehicles associated with the exit to the lane (side of the carriageway) of oncoming traffic and the subsequent return to the previously occupied lane (side of the carriageway).
"Insufficient visibility" - the visibility of the road is less than 300 m in fog, rain, snow, etc., as well as at dusk.
"Dark time of the day" - the period of time from the end of evening twilight to the beginning of morning twilight.
"Road" - any street, avenue, road, lane, etc. used for traffic. across the entire width (including sidewalks, shoulders and medians).
“Main road” means a paved road in relation to a dirt road or a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 5.1 in relation to a crossing road. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal in value to the crossed one.
"Carriageway" - a part of the road intended for the movement of vehicles. The road may have several carriageways, the boundaries of which are dividing lanes.
The tram track is the boundary of the carriageway intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.
"Dividing strip" - an element of the road that separates adjacent carriageways and is not intended for the movement or stopping of vehicles.
"Lane" - any of the longitudinal lanes of the carriageway, marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one line.
"Crossroads" - a place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, the opposite beginnings of the curvature of the carriageway.
Exits to the road from adjacent territories (yards, parking lots, gas stations, enterprises, etc.) are not considered intersections.
"Pavement" - a part of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians, adjacent to the carriageway or separated from it by a lawn.
"Pedestrian path" - a paved path intended for pedestrian traffic (may be marked with sign 4.6).
"Pedestrian crossing" - a section of the carriageway, marked with signs 5.16.1, 5.16.2 and (or) markings 1.14.1 - 1.14.3 and intended for pedestrians to cross the road.
"Railroad crossing" - any intersection of a road with railway tracks on the same level.
"Settlement" - a built-up area, the entrances to which and the exits from which are marked with signs 5.22 - 5.25.
"Vehicle" - a device designed to transport people and (or) cargo.
"Mechanical vehicle"- a vehicle equipped with an engine. This term applies to tractors and self-propelled machines.
"Motorcycle" means a two-wheeled motor vehicle with or without a side trailer. Three-wheeled motor vehicles are equated to motorcycles, the curb weight of which does not exceed 400 kg.
"Moped" - a two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle with an engine capacity of up to 50 cubic meters. cm and a maximum design speed of not more than 40 km / h.
"Bicycle" means a vehicle, other than a wheelchair, propelled by the muscular strength of the people on it.
"Public vehicles" - buses, trolleybuses, trams and fixed-route taxis moving along established routes.
"Trailer" - a vehicle designed to move in combination with a power-driven vehicle. This term covers semi-trailers and dissolutions.
"Gross weight" - the weight of the equipped vehicle with cargo, driver and passengers, set by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable.
For the total mass of the composition of vehicles, i.e. coupled vehicles moving as a whole, the sum of the total masses of the vehicles included in the composition is taken.
3. General Responsibilities drivers
3.1. The driver of a power-driven vehicle is obliged to have with him and hand over for verification to police officers, combatants and freelance police officers:
a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of this category and a coupon for it;
vehicle registration documents;
waybill or itinerary, documents for the transported cargo (except for owners of individual vehicles);
duly certified power of attorney for the right to dispose of the vehicle (in the absence of the owner of the individual vehicle) or a certificate of common ownership of the vehicle.
Notes. 1. Drivers, with the exception of owners of individual vehicles, must stop and present the waybill (itinerary) and shipping documents to employees of the control and audit service of public motor transport.
2. The owner of a vehicle, as well as a person who has a power of attorney for the right to dispose of a vehicle, may transfer control of a vehicle in his presence to another person who has a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of this category.
3.2. A driver of a power-driven vehicle arriving in the USSR from another country, as well as a driver who is a citizen of the USSR traveling abroad, must:
have registration documents for the vehicle and a driver's license that meets the requirements of the Convention on Road Traffic;
have on the vehicle a state license plate, as well as a distinctive sign of the state in which it is registered.
3.3. The driver must:
before leaving, check the serviceability and completeness of the vehicle;
monitor the technical condition of the vehicle on the way;
when driving in a car or bus equipped with seat belts, buckle up and do not carry passengers who are not wearing seat belts. Not allowed buckle up children under 12 years old, master of driving instruction, when the trainee drives the vehicle, and in settlements, in addition, to disabled drivers, drivers and passengers of communication vehicles, operational services and taxis;
when riding a motorcycle, wear a fastened motorcycle helmet and do not carry passengers without a buttoned motorcycle helmet.
3.4. The driver must provide the vehicle:
- to police officers, combatants and freelance police officers for delivery to the nearest medical institution of persons in need of urgent medical care;
- police officers to perform an urgent official assignment;
- police officers (trucks only) for transporting vehicles damaged in road accidents or out of order;
- medical workers following in passing direction to provide medical care, as well as, regardless of the direction of movement, doctors and paramedical personnel to travel to the patient in cases that threaten his life, or to transport such a patient to the nearest medical institution.
Notes. 1. Police officers, combatants and freelance police officers must present a certificate at the request of the driver.
2. Persons using the vehicle must, at the request of the driver, issue a certificate or make an entry in the waybill (indicating the duration of the trip, distance traveled, their last name, position, ID number, name of their organization), and medical workers - issue a coupon of the established form .
3. The requirement to provide a vehicle does not apply to special and diplomatic vehicles.
3.5. Disabled drivers driving cars that are marked with the identification sign "Disabled" in accordance with paragraph 26.10 of these Rules, and motorized carriages, may deviate from the requirements of signs 3.2, 3.3 and 3.28. It is allowed to stop in the coverage area of the sign 3.27 if there is a sign 7.18.
3.6. The driver is prohibited from:
- drive a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
- drive a vehicle in a sick state, in a state of fatigue, if this may jeopardize traffic safety, as well as under the influence of drugs that reduce reaction speed and attention;
- transfer control of the vehicle to persons who are in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication, as well as in a sick state, in a state of fatigue or under the influence of drugs that reduce reaction speed and attention;
- transfer control of the vehicle to persons who do not have a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of this category or are not indicated in the waybill (route) list, except for cases of training in accordance with clause 21.2 of these Rules.
4. Obligations of drivers in special cases
Passage of special vehicles
4.1. Drivers of vehicles of operational services with a special color (in accordance with GOST 21392-75), with the included flashing beacon blue and (or) a special sound signal, performing an urgent official task, may deviate from the requirements of these Rules (except for the signals of the traffic controller and the provisions of sections 3, 8, 25).
The same right is enjoyed by drivers of vehicles accompanied by vehicles with a flashing beacon and (or) a special sound signal.
4.2. When approaching vehicles with a blue flashing beacon and (or) a special sound signal, drivers must give way and, if necessary, stop to ensure the unimpeded passage of these and other vehicles accompanied by them.
If on an approaching vehicle, in addition to the blue flashing beacon, a red flashing beacon is turned on, then on roads with no more than two lanes for traffic in each direction, drivers of passing vehicles, and in the absence of a dividing lane and oncoming vehicles, must stop at the sidewalk or on roadside. It is allowed to resume movement only after the passage of a vehicle closing the column with blue and (or) green flashing beacons turned on.
4.3. Drivers of vehicles and vehicles of road maintenance services with a flashing beacon on orange color in the process of performing work on the road, they may deviate from the requirements of road signs and markings, as well as paragraphs 10.4, 10.5, 10.7 and 17.1 of these Rules, provided that traffic safety is ensured. Other drivers must not interfere with their work.
The flashing orange beacon does not provide any advantage in traffic and serves to attract attention and warn other drivers of the danger.
Driver actions
in traffic accidents
4.4. In the event of a traffic accident, the drivers involved in it must:
stop immediately and (or) remain at the scene of the accident, turn on the emergency light signaling or put up a sign emergency stop(flashing red light) in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 8.11 of these Rules, do not move the vehicle and objects related to the incident;
take all possible measures to provide first aid to the victims, call an ambulance, and if this is not possible, send the victims on a passing vehicle or take them to the nearest medical facility in your vehicle, provide your name, vehicle registration plate there (with a driver's license or other identification document and vehicle registration document) and return to the scene of the accident;
report the incident to the police, write down the names and addresses of eyewitnesses and wait for the arrival of police officers;
take all possible measures to preserve traces of the incident, protect them and organize a detour around the scene;
if the movement of other vehicles is impossible, clear the carriageway, having previously fixed in the presence of witnesses the position of the vehicle and the objects and traces related to the incident.
4.5. If as a result of a traffic accident there are no victims, and the material damage is insignificant, the drivers, by mutual agreement in assessing the circumstances of the incident and the absence of vehicle malfunctions, excluding the possibility of their further movement, can arrive at the nearest traffic police post or police station to document the incident in the prescribed manner, having previously drawn up a diagram of the incident and signed it.
5. Responsibilities of pedestrians
5.1. Pedestrians should move on sidewalks or footpaths, keeping to the right side, and where there are none, on the side of the road or cycle path, if this does not impede the movement of cyclists. Persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a motorcycle, moped, bicycle or carrying bulky objects, and other persons, in the absence of sidewalks, pedestrian and bicycle paths, roadsides or if it is impossible to move along them, can walk in one row along the edge of the carriageway (on roads with a dividing strip - along the outer edge).
Outside built-up areas, pedestrians, when moving along the side of the road or the edge of the carriageway, must go towards the movement of vehicles, and persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a motorcycle, moped or bicycle, when moving along the carriageway, must follow the direction of the movement of vehicles.
5.2. The movement of organized groups of people along the road is allowed only on the right side of the carriageway in a column of no more than four people in a row. In front and behind the column on the left side there should be escorts with red flags, and in dark time days and at insufficient visibility- with lights on: front - white, rear - red.
Groups of children are allowed to drive only on sidewalks and footpaths, and in their absence, on the side of the road, but only during daylight hours and only when accompanied by adults.
5.3. When driving on roads at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, pedestrians, if possible, should attach retroreflective elements to their clothing, allowing drivers to recognize people in the headlights in a timely manner.
5.4. Pedestrians must cross the carriageway at pedestrian crossings, including underground and elevated ones, and in their absence, at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides. If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at a right angle to the edge of the carriageway in sections where it is clearly visible in both directions.
5.5. In places where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must be guided by the signals of the traffic controller or traffic lights.
In other cases, pedestrians are allowed to enter the carriageway only after they are satisfied that the crossing is safe and they will not interfere with vehicles.
Pedestrians should not linger or stop unnecessarily on the carriageway. Pedestrians who did not have time to complete the transition should be on the island of safety or the line dividing the traffic flows of opposite directions.
You can continue the transition only after making sure that the further movement is safe.
5.6. Pedestrians are prohibited from:
cross the carriageway outside the pedestrian crossing if there is a dividing strip, as well as in places where pedestrian or road barriers are installed;
walk along the road marked with sign 5.1, with the exception of footpaths, parking and rest areas;
get out from behind a standing vehicle or other obstacle that limits visibility without making sure that there are no approaching vehicles.
5.7. When approaching vehicles with a flashing beacon and (or) a special sound signal, pedestrians must refrain from crossing the carriageway.
6. Obligations of passengers
6.1. It is allowed to wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram, taxi only on landing sites, and in their absence, on the sidewalk or roadside.
6.2. Embarkation and disembarkation of passengers is allowed after a complete stop of the vehicle.
Embarkation and disembarkation of passengers from the side of the carriageway can be carried out only if it is impossible to do this from the sidewalk or shoulder, and on condition that it will be safe and will not interfere with other traffic participants.
6.3. At tram stops that are not equipped with boarding areas, it is allowed to enter the carriageway to board the tram only after it has stopped. After disembarking from the tram, passengers must leave the carriageway.
6.4. Passengers while driving should not distract the driver from driving.
6.6. Persons in the body of a truck are prohibited from standing, sitting on the sides, or being on the cargo above the sides while driving.
7. Traffic regulation
7.1. Traffic is regulated by traffic lights with green, yellow, red and moon-white signals, as well as by police officers (regulators).
Traffic lights have the following meanings:
green round signal permits movement;
a green signal in the form of an arrow(s) on a black background permits movement in the indicated direction(s). The green arrow in the additional section of the traffic light has the same meaning (the arrow that allows a left turn also allows a U-turn);
a green flashing signal allows movement and informs that its time expires and a prohibition signal will soon be turned on.
To inform drivers about the time (in seconds) remaining until the end of the green signal, digital displays can be used;
a yellow signal prohibits movement and warns of an upcoming change of signals;
a yellow flashing signal or two alternately flashing yellow signals allow traffic and inform about the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing;
a red signal, including a flashing one, or two alternately flashing red signals prohibit movement.
The combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs about the upcoming green signal.
Black contour arrows on red and yellow signals do not change the meaning of these signals and inform about the permitted directions of movement when the green traffic light is turned on.
Drivers are informed about the presence of an additional section of the traffic light by a black contour arrow (arrows) printed on the main green signal, allowing movement in other directions than the signal of the additional section.
Note. If traffic signals are made in the form of silhouettes of a person, then their effect applies only to pedestrians.
7.2. To regulate the movement of vehicles along the lanes of the carriageway, the direction of movement along which can be reversed, reversible traffic lights with a red X-shaped signal and a green signal in the form of an arrow pointing down are used. These signals respectively prohibit or permit movement in the lane above which they are located.
When the signals of the reversing traffic light, which is located above the lane marked on both sides with markings 1.9, are turned off, entry to this lane is prohibited.
7.3. To regulate the movement of trams, as well as other public vehicles following a separate lane, one-color signaling traffic lights with four moon-white signals arranged in the form of the letter “T” can be used.
Movement is allowed only when the lower signal and one or more upper ones are turned on at the same time, of which the left one allows movement to the left, the middle one - straight ahead, the right one - to the right. If only the top three signals are on, movement is prohibited.
7.4. The signals of the traffic controller are the position of his body, as well as hand gestures, which have the following meanings.
Arms extended to the sides or lowered:
from the left and right sides, the tram is allowed to move straight, trackless vehicles straight and right, pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway;
from the side of the chest and back, the movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited.
Right arm extended forward
from the left side, the tram is allowed to move to the left, trackless vehicles - in all directions;
from the side of the chest, all vehicles are allowed to move only to the right;
from the side of the right side and back, the movement of all vehicles is prohibited;
Pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway behind the back of the traffic controller.
Hand up:
the movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited in all directions.
The traffic controller may give other signals understandable to drivers and pedestrians.
For better visibility, the traffic controller may use a baton or disk with a red signal or retroreflector.
The whistle signal is used to attract the attention of road users.
7.5. With a prohibitory signal from a traffic light or a traffic controller, drivers must stop in front of the stop line, in its absence - in front of the crossed carriageway, without interfering with pedestrians, or in front of a pedestrian crossing, and on other regulated sections of roads - in front of a traffic light.
7.6. Drivers who, when the yellow signal is turned on or the traffic controller raises their hands up, cannot stop without resorting to emergency braking, in the places determined by paragraph 7.5 of these Rules, further movement is allowed. Pedestrians who were on the carriageway when the signal was given must complete its crossing or stop at a safety island or a line dividing traffic flows in opposite directions.
7.7. Drivers and pedestrians must follow the signals and instructions of the traffic controller, even if they contradict traffic signals, road signs and markings.
8. Warning signals
8.1. Warning signals are: signals given by light direction indicators or by hand; sound signal; switching headlights; turning on the low beam headlights daytime; activation of the alarm.
8.2. The driver must give signals with light indicators of the direction of the corresponding direction, and if they are absent or faulty, by hand:
before starting and stopping;
before changing lanes, turning or turning.
8.3. The signal for a left turn corresponds to the left arm extended to the side or the right arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards.
The right turn signal corresponds to the right arm extended to the side or the left arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards.
The brake signal is given by the left or right hand raised up.
8.4. Signaling by direction indicators or by hand should be carried out in advance of the start of the maneuver and stop immediately after its completion (hand signaling can be completed immediately before the maneuver is performed). The signal should not be given if it could mislead other road users.
A warning signal before a left turn or a U-turn should be given only after the driver is satisfied that no obstacle will be created to any of the following drivers who have started to overtake.
Giving a signal does not give the driver an advantage and does not exempt him from taking necessary measures precautions.
8.5. Sound signals in built-up areas are prohibited, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent a traffic accident.
8.6. To attract the attention of the driver being overtaken, headlight switching can be used, and outside settlements and a sound signal.
8.7. It is forbidden to use high beam headlights as a warning signal in conditions where it could dazzle other drivers, including through the rearview mirror.
8.8. In order to indicate a moving vehicle during daylight hours, the dipped headlights must be switched on:
when riding a motorcycle;
when moving in an organized column;
when driving along the lane marked with sign 5.9, towards the general flow of vehicles;
at organized transport groups of children in buses or trucks;
when transporting bulky and heavy cargo;
when towing a motor vehicle.
In tunnels with artificial lighting, marker lights or dipped headlights must be switched on to indicate the vehicle.
8.9. On a towed power-driven vehicle at any time of the day, the side lights must be switched on, and in case of their malfunction, the vehicle must be marked with an emergency stop sign attached to it from behind.
8.10. Emergency light signaling must be switched on:
when forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited;
in case of a traffic accident;
when stopping and parking on unlit sections of roads or in conditions of insufficient visibility with faulty position or parking lights.
8.11. If there is no alarm or malfunctioning, as well as in case of a forced stop in places with visibility of the road less than 100 m in at least one direction, the driver of a power-driven vehicle (except for a motorcycle without side trailer) must put up an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light in built-up areas 15-20 m from the vehicle, outside built-up areas - 30-40 m.
9. Start of movement, change of direction of movement
9.1. Before starting to move, changing lanes and other changes in direction, the driver must make sure that it will be safe and will not interfere with other road users.
9.2. When entering the road from yards, parking lots, gas stations and other areas adjacent to the road, the driver must give way to vehicles and pedestrians moving along it.
When leaving the road, the driver must give way to pedestrians and cyclists whose path he crosses.
9.3. When rebuilding, the driver must give way to vehicles moving along the adjacent lane. When simultaneously rebuilding vehicles moving along the way, the driver must give way to the vehicle on the right.
9.4. Before turning right, left or U-turn, the driver is obliged to take the appropriate extreme position in advance on the carriageway intended for movement in this direction, except when the turn is made at the entrance to the intersection, where it is organized Roundabout Circulation.
The turn should be carried out in such a way that when leaving the intersection of the carriageway, the vehicle does not end up on the side of oncoming traffic.
9.5. If the vehicle, due to its dimensions or for other reasons, cannot perform a turn from the extreme position, it is allowed to make it with a derogation from this rule, if this does not interfere with other vehicles. To ensure traffic safety, the driver, if necessary, must resort to the help of other persons.
9.6. When turning left and making a U-turn outside the intersection, the driver of a trackless vehicle must give way to oncoming vehicles.
If the width of the carriageway is insufficient for a U-turn from the extreme left position, it is allowed to make a U-turn from the right edge of the carriageway (from the right shoulder). At the same time, the driver making a U-turn must give way to passing and oncoming vehicles.
9.7. In cases where the trajectories of vehicles intersect, and the order of passage is not specified by these Rules, the driver must give way to whom the vehicle is approaching from the right.
9.8. If there is a deceleration lane, the driver who intends to turn must change lanes in a timely manner and slow down only on it.
If there is an acceleration lane at the entrance to the road, the driver must move along it and merge into traffic flow giving way to vehicles moving on that road.
9.9. U-turn is prohibited:
at pedestrian crossings;
in tunnels;
on bridges, viaducts, overpasses and under them;
at railway crossings;
when the visibility of the road is less than 100 m in at least one direction.
9.10. When the vehicle is moving in reverse the driver must not interfere with other road users. To ensure traffic safety, he, if necessary, must resort to the help of other persons.
10. Location of vehicles on the roadway
10.1. The number of lanes for the movement of trackless vehicles is determined by markings or signs 5.8.1, 5.8.2, 5.8.7, 5.8.8, and if there are none, then by the drivers themselves, taking into account the width of the carriageway, the dimensions of the vehicles and the necessary intervals between them.
10.2. On two-way roads with four lanes or more, it is prohibited to enter the side of the road intended for oncoming traffic.
10.3. On two-way roads with three lanes, you may only enter the middle lane for overtaking, bypassing, turning left or turning around. Go to the extreme left lane intended for oncoming traffic is prohibited.
10.4. Outside built-up areas, drivers of vehicles should drive them as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway.
In built-up areas, traffic is allowed in any lane, however, if there are three lanes or more for the movement of trackless vehicles in one direction, then it is allowed to enter the leftmost lane only when there is heavy traffic on other lanes, as well as for turning left, turning around, stopping on a one-way road. Trucks over 3.5t GVW are allowed to enter the left lane only for left turn, U-turn and stop on one-way streets for loading or unloading.
10.5. Vehicles whose speed must not exceed 40 km/h, or which, for technical reasons, cannot reach such a speed, must move only in the rightmost lane, except when overtaking, overtaking, passing or changing lanes before a turn or U-turn.
10.6. It is allowed to drive on tram tracks of the same direction, located on the left at the same level with the carriageway, with heavy traffic in other lanes, bypassing, advancing, and when passing through intersections, if the number of lanes and direction of movement along them are not determined by signs 5.8.1 and 5.8. 2. This should not interfere with the tram.
It is prohibited to enter the tram track of the opposite direction.
10.7. On roads, the carriageway of which is divided into lanes by marking lines, the movement of vehicles must be carried out strictly along the lanes. It is allowed to run into broken marking lines only when changing lanes.
10.8. Drivers turning onto the road reverse movement, marked with the sign 5.37, must move in the rightmost lane. It is allowed to change lanes only after passing a reversing traffic light or sign 5.8.7, allowing movement in other lanes.
10.9. In heavy traffic, when all lanes are occupied, it is allowed to change the lane only for turning, turning or stopping.
10.10. On the sidewalks and footpaths, the movement of road machines and vehicles serving trade and other enterprises located directly at these sidewalks or paths is allowed.
11. Movement speed and distance
11.1. The driver must drive the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established limit, taking into account the traffic intensity, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and cargo, road and meteorological conditions, in particular visibility in the direction of travel.
In the event of an obstacle or danger to traffic that the driver is able to detect, he must take measures to reduce speed until the vehicle stops or avoids the obstacle safely for other road users.
11.2. In built-up areas, all vehicles are allowed to move at a speed of no more than 60 km/h.
11.3. Outside built-up areas, traffic is allowed:
cars, as well as trucks with a gross weight of not more than 3.5 tons on highways at a speed of not more than 110 km/h, on other roads - no more than 90 km/h;
intercity, tourist, extra small buses and motorcycles on all roads - no more than 90 km/h;
other buses, cars when towing a trailer, trucks with a gross weight of more than 3.5 tons on motorways - no more than 90 km/h, on other roads - no more than 70 km/h;
vehicles driven by drivers with experience up to 2 years, on all roads - no more than 70 km / h.
11.4. On sections of roads where conditions ensure traffic safety at higher speeds, by decision of the Council of Ministers of a union (not having a regional division) or autonomous republic, the executive committee of a regional, regional, city Council of People's Deputies, the permitted speed may be increased for vehicles specified in paragraphs 11.2 and 11.3 of these Rules. Appropriate signs are installed in such areas.
11.5. The driver is prohibited from:
exceed the maximum speed specified technical specification this vehicle;
exceed the speed indicated on the identification mark installed on the vehicle in accordance with paragraph 26.13 of these Rules;
interfere with other vehicles by driving unnecessarily at too low a speed;
brake hard if it is not required to ensure traffic safety.
11.6. The driver, depending on the speed of movement, must maintain a distance from the vehicle moving in front, which will avoid a collision in the event of its braking, as well as the necessary lateral clearance to ensure safety.
11.7. On roads outside built-up areas, drivers of vehicles whose speed must not exceed 50 km/h, as well as vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of more than 12 tons, must maintain such a distance between their vehicle and the vehicle ahead so that vehicles overtaking them can change lanes without interference. on the right side of the road. The requirement does not apply if the driver is preparing to overtake, as well as in heavy traffic.
12. Overtaking and oncoming traffic
12.1. Before overtaking, the driver must ensure that:
none of the drivers following him, who may be interfered with, has not started to overtake;
the driver of a vehicle moving ahead in the same lane did not give a signal to turn (rebuild) to the left;
during overtaking, there will be no interference with oncoming vehicles;
at the end of overtaking, he will be able, without interfering with the overtaken vehicle, to return to the previously occupied lane.
12.2. The driver of the vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from preventing overtaking by increasing the speed of movement or by other actions.
12.3. Overtaking prohibited:
at intersections, except for those cases when overtaking is carried out on the main road in relation to the one being crossed;
at railway crossings and closer than 100 m in front of them;
at the end of the climb sharp turns and other road sections limited visibility.
12.4. If, on a road outside a built-up area, the width or condition of the carriageway, taking into account the intensity of oncoming traffic, does not allow overtaking a slow-moving, large-sized or speed-observing vehicle, its driver must take as much to the right as possible, and, if necessary, stop and let other vehicles that have accumulated behind him facilities.
12.5. If oncoming traffic is difficult, then the driver on whose side there is an obstacle must give way. On slopes marked with appropriate signs, in the presence of an obstacle, the driver of a vehicle moving downhill must give way.
13. Stopping and parking
13.1. Stopping and parking of vehicles are allowed on the right side of the road as far to the right as possible on the side of the road, and in the absence of it, at the edge of the carriageway.
In built-up areas, stopping and parking are allowed on the left side of one-way roads and roads that do not have tram tracks in the middle, with one lane for traffic in each direction.
13.2. Stopping and parking of vehicles on the carriageway are allowed in one row. Motorcycles without a side trailer, mopeds and bicycles are allowed to park in two rows.
Parking a vehicle at an angle to the edge of the carriageway is permitted only where it will not interfere with the movement of other vehicles.
13.3. Long term parking(rest, lodging, etc.) outside the settlement is allowed only on parking lots or outside the road.
13.4. The driver may leave his place or leave the vehicle if he has taken the necessary measures to prevent the spontaneous movement of the vehicle or its use in the absence of the driver.
13.5. At sidewalk parking lots marked with sign 5.15 in combination with plate 7.6.1, parking of vehicles is allowed only on the carriageway along the sidewalk, and in places marked with the same sign in combination with one of the plates 7.6.2 - 7.6.9, parking is allowed cars and motorcycles only as indicated on the plate.
In other places, parking on the edge of the sidewalk adjacent directly to the carriageway (with full or partial arrival on it) is allowed only for cars and motorcycles, provided that this does not interfere with the movement of pedestrians.
13.6. It is forbidden to open the doors of a stationary vehicle if this endangers safety and interferes with other road users.
13.7. Stopping and parking is prohibited:
on tram tracks, as well as in their immediate vicinity, if this interferes with the movement of trams;
at railway crossings, in tunnels and under overpasses, bridges and overpasses;
in places where the distance between a solid marking line and a stopped vehicle is less than 3 m;
at pedestrian crossings and closer than 5 m in front of them;
closer than 5 m from the edge of the crossed carriageway, with the exception of stopping and parking in front of a side passage at three-way intersections with a continuous marking line or a dividing strip;
closer than 15 m from stopping areas, and in their absence - from the stop sign for public vehicles or taxis, if this interferes with their movement;
in places where the vehicle will block other drivers from traffic lights or road signs.
13.8. Parking is prohibited:
outside settlements near dangerous turns and convex fractures of the longitudinal profile of the road with visibility of the road less than 100 m in at least one direction;
outside settlements closer than 100 m, and in settlements closer than 50 m from railway crossings;
on bridges, overpasses and overpasses;
in other places where a standing vehicle makes it impossible for other vehicles to move (entry or exit) or interferes with the movement of pedestrians.
14. Crossings
14.1. When turning left or making a U-turn, the driver must give way to vehicles moving straight ahead or to the right from the opposite direction.
14.2. When turning right or left, the driver must give way to pedestrians crossing the carriageway on which he is turning, as well as to cyclists crossing this carriageway along the cycle path.
14.3. At concurrent law Tram drivers have an advantage over traffic.
14.4. It is forbidden to drive to an intersection or intersection of carriageways if a traffic jam has formed behind it, which will force the driver to stop, which will interfere with the movement of other vehicles.
Regulated intersections
14.5. A driver who enters an intersection with an enabling traffic signal must exit in the intended direction, regardless of the traffic signals at the exit. However, if there are stop lines at the intersection in front of traffic lights located on the driver's path, he must be guided by the signals of each traffic light.
14.6. When a traffic light is turned on, the driver must give way to vehicles completing a turn or U-turn that they started at the traffic light for their direction.
14.7. When driving in the direction of the arrow switched on in the additional section at the same time as the yellow or red traffic light, the driver must give way to vehicles moving from other directions.
14.8. At an intersection where traffic is regulated by a traffic light with an additional section, a driver in the lane from which the turn is made must continue to move in the direction indicated by the turned on arrow if his stop will interfere with vehicles following him in the same lane.
14.9. The driver must be guided by the priority signs installed at the controlled intersection if the traffic light is off or in the yellow flashing mode.
Unregulated intersections
14.10. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles approaching the intersection along the main road.
14.11. At the intersection of equivalent roads, the driver must give way to vehicles approaching from the right.
14.12. In the case when the main road changes direction at an intersection, drivers moving along the main road must be guided by the rules for passing the intersections of equivalent roads. The same rule should be guided by each other and drivers moving on secondary roads.
14.13. If the driver cannot determine the presence of a road surface (darkness, mud, snow, etc.), and there are no priority signs, he must assume that he is on a secondary road.
15. Pedestrian crossings and stops
public transport vehicles
15.1. The driver of a vehicle approaching an unregulated pedestrian crossing must slow down or stop in order to let pass pedestrians on the carriageway of this direction, for whom an obstacle or danger may be created.
15.2. If a vehicle has stopped in front of an unregulated pedestrian crossing, drivers of other vehicles may continue driving only after making sure that there are no pedestrians in front of the stopped vehicle.
15.3. In all cases, including outside pedestrian crossings, the driver must give way to blind pedestrians signaling with a white cane.
15.4. At controlled pedestrian crossings and intersections, when the traffic light permits or the traffic controller permits, the driver must allow pedestrians to complete the crossing of the carriageway in this direction.
15.5. It is forbidden to enter a pedestrian crossing if a traffic jam has formed behind it, which will force the driver to stop, which will interfere with the movement of pedestrians.
15.6. The driver must give way to pedestrians walking towards or away from a passing tram at a stop (in the middle of the road).
15.7. When approaching a stopped vehicle that has an identification sign for transporting groups of children, the driver must give way to children crossing the carriageway.
16. Railway crossings
16.1. When driving through a railway crossing, the driver must give way to an approaching train (locomotive, trolley).
16.2. Before crossing, the driver must make sure that there is no approaching train and be guided by the position of the barrier, light signaling, road signs and markings, as well as the instructions and signals of the crossing attendant. The signal forbidding movement is the position of the officer on duty, facing the driver with his chest or back with a baton (red flag) raised above his head or with his arms outstretched to the sides.
16.3. It is forbidden to enter the crossing with the barrier closed or beginning to close, as well as with a prohibitory traffic signal (regardless of the position of the barrier and in its absence). If the traffic light is turned off, and the barrier is open or not, the driver is allowed to start moving through the crossing only after he is convinced that there is no approaching train.
16.4. To pass the approaching train and in cases where movement through the crossing is prohibited, the driver must stop at the stop line, sign 2.5, traffic lights, if there are none, no closer than 5 m from the barrier, and in the absence of the latter, no closer than 10 m to the nearest rail. Before starting to move after a stop before crossing, the driver must make sure that there is no oncoming train.
16.5. It is forbidden to enter the crossing if a traffic jam has formed behind it, which will force the driver to stop at the crossing.
16.6. In case of a forced stop at a crossing, the driver must disembark people and take measures to free the crossing.
If the vehicle cannot be removed from the level crossing, the driver must:
if possible, send two people along the tracks in both directions from the crossing for 1000 m (if one, then in the direction of the worst visibility of the track), explaining to them the rules for giving a stop signal to the driver of the approaching train;
stay near the vehicle and give general alarm signals;
when a train appears, run towards him, giving a stop signal.
Note. The stop signal is a circular movement of the hand (during the day - with a piece of bright matter or some clearly visible object, at night - with a torch or lantern). The general alarm signal is a series of one long and three short signals.
16.7. The driver is prohibited from:
transport agricultural, road, construction and other vehicles through the crossing in a non-transport position;
cross railway tracks in places not designated for this;
bypass vehicles standing in front of a closed barrier;
arbitrarily open the barrier or bypass it.
16.8. Only with the permission of the head of the track distance railway traffic is allowed through the crossing:
vehicles and other self-propelled machines, the width of which is more than 5 m or the height from the road surface is more than 4.5 m (with or without cargo);
road trains, the length of which exceeds 20 m with one trailer, and 24 m with two or more trailers;
special vehicles carrying especially heavy loads;
low-speed vehicles, the speed of which is less than 8 km / h, as well as tractor drag sleds.
16.9. Horse-drawn wagons must follow the crossing in groups, no more than three wagons (sleighs) in each. Precautions must be observed by the driver of each wagon.
The herd of animals must be divided into groups of such a size that, taking into account the number of drivers, a safe passage through the crossing of each group is ensured.
17. Driving on motorways
17.1. On the motorway (road marked with sign 5.1) it is prohibited:
the movement of pedestrians, cyclists, mopeds, tractors and self-propelled vehicles, other motor vehicles, the speed of which, according to the technical characteristics or their condition, is less than 40 km/h;
movement of trucks with a gross weight of more than 3.5 tons beyond the second lane;
stopping outside special parking areas marked with sign 5.15 or 6.11;
U-turn and entry into the breaks of the median strip;
reversing;
training ride.
17.2. In case of a forced stop on the carriageway of the motorway, the driver must take measures to bring the vehicle to the lane intended for this (part of the road to the right of the line marking the border of the carriageway).
The driver of a vehicle that has made a forced stop outside a special parking area must mark it in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 8.10, 8.11 of these Rules.
19. Use of external lights
19.1. When driving at night on unlit sections of roads on a motor vehicle, the dipped or main beam headlights must be switched on, and on illuminated sections, the dipped headlights (fog lamps) or side lights must be switched on.
19.2. The main beam must be switched to low beam at least 150 m before the oncoming vehicle, and also at a greater distance, if the driver of the oncoming vehicle indicates the need for this by periodically switching the headlights. The driver must switch the high beam to the low beam in other cases when he can blind other drivers, including those moving in the same direction.
When blinded, the driver must turn on alarm and without changing lane, slow down and stop.
19.3. When stopping and parking on unlit sections of roads at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, the marker or parking lights must be switched on on a motor vehicle. In the event of their failure, the vehicle must be driven off the road, and if this is not possible, it must be marked in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 8.10 and 8.11 of these Rules.
19.4. Fog lights can be used:
in conditions of insufficient visibility, both separately and with dipped or main beam headlights;
at night on unlit sections of roads together with dipped or main beam headlights;
in the cases provided for in paragraph 8.8 of these Rules - instead of the dipped headlights.
19.5. A searchlight and a searchlight can only be used outside built-up areas in the absence of oncoming vehicles. In built-up areas, only drivers of operational services vehicles can use such headlights when performing a duty assignment.
19.6. The rear fog lamps can only be used in low visibility conditions.
19.7. The road train sign, established in accordance with paragraph 26.6 of these Rules, must be turned on when the road train is moving, as well as when it stops and parks at night.
20. Towing of motor vehicles
20.1. Towing on a rigid or flexible hitch should be carried out only if there is a driver behind the wheel of the towed vehicle, except for cases when the design of the rigid hitch ensures that the towed vehicle follows the trajectory of the towing vehicle during straight motion.
20.2. When towing on a flexible hitch, the towed vehicle must have a working brake system and steering, and when towing on a rigid hitch - steering.
A vehicle with faulty steering must be towed using the method partial loading.
20.3. rigid hitch should provide a distance between vehicles of no more than 4 m, and a flexible one - within 4 - 6 m. With a flexible hitch, the connecting link every meter is indicated by signal boards or flags in accordance with paragraph 26.14 of these Rules.
20.4. The towing speed must not exceed 50 km/h.
20.5. Towing is prohibited:
on a flexible hitch in icy conditions;
with the total length of the train of coupled vehicles exceeding 24 m;
motorcycles without a side trailer, as well as such motorcycles;
more than one motor vehicle (as an exception, in agreement with the State traffic inspectorate, it is allowed to tow two motor vehicles on a rigid hitch or by partial loading);
if the actual weight of the towed vehicle with a faulty brake system exceeds half actual weight towing.
20.6. When towing on a flexible or rigid hitch, it is prohibited to transport people in a towed bus, trolleybus and in the body of a towed truck, and when towing by partial loading, it is prohibited for people to be in the cab or body of a towed vehicle, as well as in the body of a towing vehicle.
22. Transportation of people
22.1. The transportation of people in a truck should be entrusted to the most disciplined and experienced drivers who have a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of categories C and D (for military drivers with a special certificate issued by the WAI).
22.2. A truck used for the transport of people must be equipped with seats fixed in the body at a distance of at least 15 cm from the top edge of the side. Seats located along the rear or side boards must have strong backs.
Outside the cab, in a place accessible to people in the back, an easily removable fire extinguisher with a capacity of at least two liters should be installed.
The number of people transported should not exceed the number of seats equipped.
22.3. Before the trip, the truck driver must instruct passengers on the procedure for getting on, off and placed in the body, warn them that it is forbidden to stand while driving.
You can start moving only after making sure that the conditions for the safe transportation of passengers are provided.
22.4. When transporting groups of children, there must be at least one adult accompanying person on the bus, and at least two in the back of a truck. In accordance with paragraph 26.8 of these Rules, identification marks must be installed on these vehicles in front and behind, and the sides of the body must be extended to a height of at least 0.8 m from the floor level.
22.5. The speed of movement when transporting people in the back of a truck should not exceed 60 km/h.
22.6. Passage in the body of a truck not equipped for the carriage of people is permitted only to persons accompanying the cargo or following its receipt, provided that they are provided with a seat located below the level of the sides.
The topic of traffic rules is very relevant today. We encounter it almost every day, and you don’t have to be a motorist to feel the seriousness of this issue. At one time, pedestrians forgot the traffic rules, walked down the street at random, as a result of which the death rate on the roads increased. The government has taken adequate measures and toughened fines for traffic violations for both drivers and pedestrians.
In fact, the situation is not new. The problem of ensuring safe movement along the streets became relevant with the advent of horse teams and other first vehicles. It's hard to believe, but even in those distant years, people died from an unorganized movement. Naturally, this caused a desire to stop this arbitrariness and build a competent movement.
The first attempts to streamline traffic were made in ancient Rome, where one-way traffic for chariots was introduced on some streets. The implementation of this rule was monitored by specially designated guards. In our country, Peter the Great issued a decree on road safety, which regulated the movement of horses. For non-compliance with the rules, a person could be sent to hard labor. Comparing the punishments of that time and today's monetary fines, we can conclude that in those days, traffic violations were punished very strictly, but the order was at the proper level. Since 1718, the police began to be responsible for observing traffic rules.
Gradually, the rules were revised and supplemented. The subtleties of crossings were discussed, recommendations were given to slow down before the intersection, not to overtake on difficult sections. There was a rule that obliged to give way to pedestrians. Curiously, there was an analogue of the rule to give way to vehicles with special signals - the cab driver was obliged to give way to traffic or stop if there was a religious procession or a funeral ceremony nearby.
The number of transport grew, the first cars appeared, the number of which constantly increased. It was necessary to develop control over traffic situation. In 1908, it was invented to issue white canes to the police, with which the police regulated traffic, showed the direction for drivers and pedestrians.
In 1920, the first official rules of the road appeared: "On motor traffic in Moscow and its environs (rules)". Many important issues have already been thoroughly regulated in these rules. The driver's license was also mentioned, which the driver had to have. A high-speed mode of movement was introduced, which could not be exceeded. Similar rules were introduced in the cities until 1940, in which the first general rules of the road were issued, in relation to which the rules in the cities were edited. In 1961, the first general rules appeared that were in effect everywhere in all cities - "Rules for driving along the streets of cities, settlements and roads of the USSR."
An important point in history of traffic rules is 1968, in which the International Convention adopted the universal Rules of the Road. In 1973, traffic rules were created in the USSR on the basis of the rules adopted at the convention. Subsequently, the rules were changed and supplemented in the following years: 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980, 1984 and 1987.
Mikhail Alekseev, automotive journalist
17.06.2009
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RULES OF THE ROAD 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS Introduced from June 1, 1980 for outboard cipeds and adjacent row moped vehicles. Dov with an engine capacity of less than 8 is not considered as overtaking. “Give way” is a requirement, meaning 1.1. These Rules are 50 cm and the maximum design limit, which is a single document that establishes a speed of less than 40 km / h. This term must or the driver must not resume movement, but also covers trams, trolleybuses, everywhere the order of the road, two tractors, motorized carriages, motor sledges and also carry out any maneuver, other self-propelled vehicles and furs if this may force others to drive on the territory of the USSR. tellers to slow down or change directions. 1.2. In the USSR, a right-hand side "Motorcycle" was installed - a two-wheeled movement mechanism. her movement of vehicles. “priority right (priority vehicle with wheelchairs 1.3. Instructions and other regulatory documents or without it, having an engine)” - the driver’s right to first-rate traffic with a working volume of 50 cm 3 and more and the maximum movement in the intended direction of the act relating to the features of the road maximum design speed 2. GENERAL DUTIES of a covered area, etc.) and publishing a "Bicycle" - two- or three-wheeled DRIVERS in the prescribed manner, must be a vehicle (except for those based on the requirements of real wheelchairs), set in motion by the muscular strength of persons who are 2.1. The driver of the mechanical transRegulations and do not contradict them. on this vehicle, or a two-port vehicle is required to have at less than 1.4. Road users and a gate with a working volume of 3 to themselves: other persons in order to ensure safety 50 cm, with a maximum design SPEED of less than 40 km / h. a certificate for the right to manage traffic safety is required “Trailer” - a vehicle, a vehicle of this category, to comply with the requirements of these Laws intended for towing mecharia; pitchfork .»» nic vehicle. registration documents for trans "Semi-trailer" - a trailer coupled In cases not provided for by us, a power-driven vehicle; standing Rules, the procedure for driving in such a way that part of its trip or itinerary list, docking this vehicle, and niya must be agreed with the authority, does not bear significant cops on the transported cargo (except for the last mi of the State traffic inspectorate. part of the weight of the semi-trailer and its load. vehicles belonging to 1.5. Road users and. "Gross mass" - the mass of the equipped vehicle with cargo and individual owners); other persons are obliged to comply with the order duly certified by passengers, which is established by the order of movement of the order as an acceptable technical authorization for the right to drive (with police officers and persons authorized by the manufacturer. "Road" - any used in the absence of the owner of an individual. authorized to regulate traffic . traffic road, street, lane, etc. of the vehicle). Note. Persons authorized to repo the entire width (including sidewalks, ob2.2. The driver of a mechanical transgulate road traffic (military ranks and median lanes). tailor arriving at the traffic controllers, freelance employees "Carriageway" - part of the road, the USSR from another country, and also police officers, vigilantes, public and designated transport inspectors, employees of road export facilities For the movement of a transtel - a citizen of the USSR, leaving the Road may have an operational service, on duty at railway crossings, ferries and several roadways, delimiting the border, is obliged: rights and others), must act in different levels . Carry registration documents with them within the rights granted to them and are required to have "an appropriate license path is the border, marked on the vehicle and the starting edge of the carriageway for national or international driving and a distinctive sign (transport badges, body certificate; new armband, baton, round disk or 1.6. It is forbidden to remove, damage or not marked by means of or obstruct road signs and markings and having 2.3. The driver is obliged to: one row of mechanical and other technical means organized for movement in means of vehicles other than mobile vehicles before leaving, check the serviceability of the movement, damage the pavement of motorcycles, roads, fold or leave at the "Crossroads" - the territory forming the completeness of the vehicle is strictly any items and create other may intersecting (adjacent wa, monitor its condition on the way; when driving a car, it is a traffic hindrance. A person who has created towards each other or branching) roads in the same level. if the seat belts are a hindrance, you must immediately take a "Railway crossing" - any possible measures to eliminate it or cross the road at the same level with a seat belt fastened and not transport passengers who are not wearing seat belts (warn other participants about it by railroad tracks. "Settlement" - 1.7. Violation of these Rules to the left, etc., the territory (city, town, village, demi with manual control, drivers and etc.), the entrances to which and the passengers of taxis and communication vehicles, and even for is a responsibility in accordance with which are also designated correspondingly ambulances with current legislative road signs. "Stop" - intentional press aid and other operational interruption of the movement of vehicles when driving in populated areas 1.8. Separate terms containing for up to 5 minutes or on a larger tach may not be fastened with seat belts); Xia in these Rules, have a blind period of time, if it is necessary when driving a motorcycle to be directly for landing or disembarking: ki passengers or loading or with a zippered motorcycle helmet and not transport “Driver” - the person who manages the loading of goods. passengers without a motorized vehicle fastened. "Parking" - a stop of a vehicle; "Pedestrian" - any person who finds funds for a period of more than 5 minutes, if it is a helmet; sitting outside the vehicle on the bottom is associated with the need to land, if necessary, to provide the first horn and not perform work on it; Pedestrians are also considered persons, or disembarking passengers or loading medical care and delivering to or unloading goods. moving to a wheelchair facility for victims of "Overtaking" - ahead of one or a non-traffic accident, and kah without an engine, driving a bicycle, moving vehicles carrying a sled, a cart or a child, how many means associated with leaving the zani also provide a possible wheelchair on the way. “Mechanical transport means of the range. power to other drivers in cases of lifting vehicles odvo" - a vehicle driven by an engine, except for a cycle row with more speed than no danger to traffic; 2. "Behind the wheel" No. 12 stop and provide a vehicle (with the exception of special, diplomatic and dangerous goods vehicles): - to medical workers traveling in the same direction to provide medical care, as well as regardless of the direction of movement to doctors and paramedical personnel to travel to the patient in cases that threaten his life, or to transport such a patient to the nearest medical institution; - police officers to perform urgent official tasks; - police officers, combatants, public traffic inspectors and freelance employees of the State traffic inspectorate to deliver persons in need of urgent medical care to the nearest medical institution; - employees of the state forest guard (in uniform) and workers sent with them with fire extinguishing equipment to travel in the same direction to the places of forest fires or to return from these places; stop and provide employees of the State traffic inspectorate with trucks for transportation of vehicles damaged in a traffic accident or out of order; hand over to police officers, combatants, public traffic inspectors and freelance employees of the State traffic inspectorate for verification a driver's license, travel (route) sheet, registration documents for the vehicle and documents for the transported cargo; stop and present the waybill (route) and shipping documents to employees of the control and revision service of public motor transport. Note: The use of the vehicle in the cases provided for in this paragraph, in accordance with applicable law, is carried out without payment. Employees of the police, the state forest guard, combatants, public traffic inspectors and freelance employees of the State traffic inspectorate who used the vehicle must, at the request of the driver, issue him a certificate or make an entry in the waybill (indicating the duration of the trip, the distance traveled, their last name, position, number of the certificate, name of their organization), and medical workers who used the vehicle to travel to the patient in cases that threaten his life, or to transport such a patient to the nearest medical institution, issue a coupon of the established form. Police officers, combatants, public traffic inspectors and freelance employees of the State traffic inspectorate are required to present their ID to the driver. 2.4. The driver of a vehicle having a special color and equipped with a special sound signal and a blue and (or) red flashing beacon, when performing an urgent service assignment, may deviate from the prescriptions of sections A-6, 9-17, 19 and 20 of these Rules, subject to ensuring safety movement. Drivers of vehicles accompanied by patrol cars or motorcycles of the State Traffic Inspectorate with special sound and (or) flashing light signals on have the same right. certifying the passage of a transport or other document, certifying means giving a special sound identity, and registration docking and (or) flashing light signs for the vehicle), after cashing or accompanied by a patrol officer, return to the scene of the incident by cars or motorcycles of Gosvia; traffic police. report the incident to the police, When cars approach, record the names and addresses of eyewitnesses driven by vehicles of the incident and wait for the arrival of two or more police probes or investigative orlesque signals, of which at least Gans; if it is impossible to move other vehicles in one red color, on roads with no more than two lanes for two vehicles, to clear the spaces in this direction, the drivers of the carriageway, having previously fixed the position of the other vehicles, are obliged, after checking the position of the vehicle, to stop at the sidewalk or on the side of the road and related to the road transport, and in their absence - at the edge of the traffic accident of objects and traces of the part. Resume the movement of the divisions. solved only after passing the car closing the column with two or more flashing 3. GENERAL DUTIES signals, of which at least one is green for PEDESTRIANS AND PASSENGERS. 3.1. Pedestrians must walk along the drivers of road vehicles and mechanisms equipped with flashing mats or footpaths, and with an orange box, in the process where they are not present - along the side of the road or cycling work can deviate from the torpedo path (if this is not the difficulty of paragraphs 5.4, 5.5, 10.2, 10.3, there is no movement of cyclists). 10.6 and 19.1 of these Rules, provided that there is no sidewalk, footpath, roadway, or bicycle path. flashing signal If there is an orange line or driving on them is impossible, it does not give advantages over others, it is allowed to walk along the edge of the road with other vehicles and in some cases in one row (on roads with only a means of warning with a molded strip - on the outside of the danger. Other drivers will not stop). Outside populated areas, pedestrians should interfere with the operation of roadways and must go towards the movement of machines and mechanisms with the included vehicles. Persons moving with a bright orange signal. in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a motorcycle or a bicycle 2.5. The driver is prohibited; ped, in such cases should follow to drive the vehicle in the direction of travel of vehicles. state of alcohol or drugs3.2. Organized columns of people intoxicated; must drive on the right side of the road to drive a vehicle in the carriageway for no more than four painful or tired lanes, without interfering with the traffic, if this could endanger the means. Ahead and behind the goat traffic safety; lonns on the left side should transfer control of the transport vehicle to those accompanying with a red means to persons who are wearing flags, and at night, in conditions of alcoholic or narcotic conditions of insufficient visibility - from intoxication; lit lanterns: in front - transfer control of the transport logo in color, in the back - red. persons who do not have a group of children with them are allowed to drive on a certificate for the right to drive sidewalks and footpaths, and the vehicle of this catheter, in their absence, is allowed to drive along the roadside in Svetgoria or not indicated in the travel (gauze time of day. Shrutny) sheet. 3.3. Pedestrians to cross the road 2.6. When a road traffic continues through the underpasses, the accident, the drivers involved in the non-pedestrian bridges, in the places marked with markings or signs 5.16.1 and mu, are obliged: to stop without delay, including 5.16.2 "Pedestrian crossing". On sections of roads where there are no emergency light signaling, pedestrian crossings (simultaneously flashing signs marked on the gates are allowed), and if it is malfunctioning or there is no way to cross the road, in accordance with the intersections along the sidewalk line or the requirements of paragraph 13.8 of these roadsides, and between intersections - under the Rules, an emergency stop sign or a right angle in places where it is a good flashing red light and can not be touched in both directions, from the place of the vehicle, and so3. 4. In places where traffic is regulated and other related items, pedestrians are required to guide the incident; be signaled by the traffic controller or, if necessary, provide a traffic light. the first medical care for the injured 3.5. In places where traffic is unregulated and call "an ambulance is being sent, pedestrians can cross for help", stop the car, bypassing the roadway only after being marked by a sign, the description of which they will estimate the distance to approaching, is given in paragraph 28.10 of these vehicles, as well as of their Rules, and use the help of speed and make sure of the safety of the doctor, and if this is not possible, depart, take the injured on the way or from 3.6. When crossing the road, pedestrians must not be driven by their vehicle and must be stopped or stopped. the nearest medical facility and go unnecessarily. Pedestrians who do not have time to complete the crossing should be waiting for further traffic on the island of safety, and in its absence, on the line dividing the traffic flows of opposite directions. 3.7. When approaching a vehicle that emits special sound and (or) flashing light signals red and (or) blue, pedestrians must immediately leave the carriageway, and those on the sidewalks should refrain from crossing. 3.8. It is allowed to wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram, taxi only at landing sites, and where there are none, on the sidewalk or roadside, 3.9. Passengers must not prevent the doors from closing or open them until the vehicle has come to a complete stop. Embarkation and disembarkation of passengers is allowed only when the vehicle is completely stopped and only from the sidewalk, shoulder or edge of the carriageway (into the back of a truck and from the side of the tailgate). 3.10. Passengers must not interfere with the driver and distract him from driving.4. ROAD SIGNS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS (according to GOST 10807-78 and GOST 23457-79) 4.1. Warning signs4.1.1. Warning signs inform the driver about the nature of the danger and the location of the dangerous section of the road, the movement of which requires action appropriate to the situation. 1.1* "Railway crossing with barrier". Crossing over the railway, equipped with a barrier. 1.2 "Railway crossing without barrier". Crossing the railway, not equipped with a barrier. 1.3.1 "Single-track railway". Designation of a non-barrier railway crossing over a railway with one track. 1.3.2 "Multi-track railway". Designation of a railroad crossing not equipped with a barrier through a railroad with two or more tracks. 1.4.1—1.4.6 "Approaching a railway crossing". Additional warning of drivers about approaching a railway crossing. 1.5 "Intersection with the tram line." Place of intersection with the tram line outside the intersection. 1.6 "Crossing equivalent roads." The intersection of roads of equal importance. 1.7 "Intersection with roundabout". Crossing roads with roundabouts. 1.8 "Traffic regulation". An intersection or section of road where traffic is controlled by a traffic light. 1.9 "drawbridge". Drawbridge or ferry crossing. 1.10 "Departure to the embankment". The place where the road goes to the embankment or the shore of a body of water. * Numbering of road signs corresponds to GOST 10807-78. 2 "1.11.1, 1.11.2 "Dangerous turn". Rounding the road of small radius or with limited visibility: 1.11.1 - to the right, 1.11.2 - to the left. 1.12.1, 1.12.2 "Dangerous turns". Road section with dangerous turns: 1.12.1 - with the first turn to the right, 1.12.2 - with the first turn to the left. 1.13" Steep descent". Descent with a slope, the value of which is indicated on the sign. 1.14 "Steep climb". Ascent with a slope, the value of which is indicated on the sign. 1.15" Slippery road". A section of the road with increased slipperiness of the carriageway. 1.16 "Rough Road". A section of the road that has irregularities on the carriageway (undulations, potholes, uneven junctions with bridges, etc.). 1.17 "Ejection of gravel". A section of the road with an improved surface, on which during the repair work possible ejection of gravel, crushed stone, etc. from under the wheels of vehicles. 1.18.1—1.18.3 "Narrowing of the road". A section of the road where the width of the carriageway is reduced by one lane or more, as well as an artificial structure (bridge, overpass, tunnel, etc.), within which the width of the carriageway is equal to or less than at the approaches to it: 1.18. 1 - on both sides, 1.18.2 - on the right, 1.18.3 - on the left. 1.21 "Children". A place where children may appear on the roadway (proximity to a school or other children's institution). 1.22 "Intersection with a bicycle 4.5 1.23 "Roadworks". Location of works on the road. 1.24 "Cattle driving". Section of the road used for cattle driving. 1.25 "Wild animals". Place of possible occurrence on the road wild animals. 1.26 "Falling stones". A section of the road where collapses, landslides, falling stones are possible. 1.27 "Sidewind". A section of the road where strong side winds are possible. 1.28 "Low-flying aircraft". A section of the road over which an aircraft can fly at low altitude. 1.29 "Tunnel". A tunnel without artificial lighting, or a tunnel with limited visibility of the entrance portal. 1.30 "Other hazards". A section of the road where there are hazards that are not covered by other warning signs. 1.31.1, 1.31.2 "Direction of turn". Indicates the direction of movement on the curvature of the road with limited visibility, 1.31.3 "Direction of the turn". Indicates the direction of travel T-junction or branching roads.4.1.2. Warning signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.5-1.30 outside settlements are installed at a distance of 150 to 300 m, and in settlements - at a distance of 50 to 100 m from the beginning of the dangerous section. If necessary, signs can be installed at a different distance, indicated in this case on the plate 7.1.1. When carrying out short-term work on the roadway, sign 1.23 can be installed at a distance of 10 to 15 m from the place of work. If there is an intersection between the warning sign and the beginning of the dangerous section, then a repeated sign with a sign 7.1.1 may be installed behind this intersection. Outside settlements, signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.9, 1.10, 1.21 and 1.23 are repeated. The second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m from the beginning of the dangerous section. Signs 1.3.1, 1.3.2, if there is a traffic signal at the railway crossing, are installed on the same support with the traffic light, and in its absence - at a distance of at least 20 m from the near rail. Signs 1.4.1-1.4.3 are installed on the right side of the road, and signs 1.4.41.4.6 - on the left. Signs 1.4.1 and 1.4.4 are under the first sign 1.1 or 1.2 in the direction of travel, signs 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 are under the second sign 1.1 or 1.2, and signs 1.4.2 and 1.4.5 independently, at an equal distance between the first and the second sign 1.1 or 1.2. Signs 1.31.1 and 1.31.2 are installed with outside rounding, sign 1.31.3 at a T-shaped intersection - opposite the passage that does not have a continuation; at a fork in the road - directly behind the place where the carriageways fork. 4.2. Priority signs 4.2.1. Priority signs indicate the sequence of passage through intersections, crossings of individual carriageways, as well as narrow sections of roads. 2.1 "Main road". A road on which the right-of-way has been granted at unregulated intersections. 2.2 "End of the main road". End of the road marked with sign 2.1. 2.3.1 "Intersection with a secondary road." The intersection of the main road with the secondary. 2.3.2 and 2.3.3 "Adjacency of a secondary road". The junction with the main secondary road: 2.3.2 - on the right, 2.3.3 - on the left. 2.4 Give way. A place where the driver is obliged to give way to vehicles moving on the intersecting road, and if there is a sign 7.13 "Direction of the main road" - to vehicles moving on the main road. 2.5 "Movement without stopping is prohibited." It is forbidden to move without stopping in front of the stop line, and if there is none, in front of the sign. The driver is obliged to give way to vehicles moving on the intersecting road, and if there is a plate 7.13 "Direction of the main road" - to vehicles moving on the main road. 2.6 "Advantage of oncoming traffic". It is forbidden to enter a narrow section of the road if it can make it difficult oncoming traffic . Drivers are obliged to give way to oncoming vehicles located on a narrow section of the road or the opposite entrance to it. 2.7 "Advantage over oncoming traffic." A narrow stretch of road where the driver has priority over oncoming vehicles. 4.2.2. Priority signs are installed: 2.1 and 2.2 - respectively at the beginning and end of the road, sign 2.1 can be repeated before intersections; 2.3.1-2.3.3 - outside built-up areas at a distance of 150 to 300 m, and in built-up areas - at a distance of 50 to 100 m from the intersection; 2.4 and 2.5 - just before the intersection; outside built-up areas, with the exception of unpaved roads, signs 2.4 and 2.5 are preceded by sign 2.4 with a plate 7.1.1 or 7.1.2, respectively; sign 2.5 may be installed in front of an unguarded railway crossing; 2.6 and 2.7 - directly in front of a narrow section of the road. 4.3. Prohibition signs 4.3.1. Prohibition signs introduce or cancel certain traffic restrictions. 3.1 "No Entry". All vehicles are prohibited from entering. 3.2 "Movement prohibited." All vehicles are prohibited. 3.3 "The movement of motor vehicles is prohibited." The movement of all motor vehicles is prohibited, with the exception of two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar. 3.4 "The movement of trucks is prohibited." The movement of trucks and vehicle combinations (truck with a trailer or semi-trailer) with a gross weight of more than 3.5 tons (if the sign does not indicate the mass) or with a gross weight of more than indicated on the sign, as well as tractors, self-propelled machines and mechanisms is prohibited. The total mass of the vehicle composition should be taken as the sum of the total mass of the truck and the total mass of the trailer or semi-trailer. Sign 3.4 does not prohibit the movement of trucks with an inclined white stripe on the sides or transporting groups of people, as well as cargo taxis. 3.5 "Motorcycles are prohibited." Motorcycle traffic is prohibited. 3.6 "Movement of tractors is prohibited." The movement of tractors, self-propelled machines and mechanisms is prohibited. 3.7 "Moving with a trailer is prohibited." The movement of trucks and tractors with trailers or semi-trailers of any type, as well as any towing of mechanical vehicles, is prohibited. 3.8 "The movement of horse-drawn carts is prohibited." The movement of horse-drawn carts (sledges), animals under a saddle or a pack, as well as the driving of livestock is prohibited. 3.9 "Biking is prohibited." Bicycles are prohibited. 3.10 "The passage is closed." Pedestrian traffic is prohibited. 3.11 "Weight limitation". It is forbidden to move vehicles, including tractors with trailers or semi-trailers, the total actual mass of which (including the mass of passengers and cargo) is more than indicated on the sign. 3.12. "Axle load limit". The movement of vehicles with a load on any axle greater than indicated on the sign is prohibited. 3.13 "Height limitation". The movement of vehicles whose overall height (with or without cargo) is more than indicated on the sign is prohibited. 3.14 "Width limitation". The movement of vehicles whose overall width (with or without cargo) is greater than that indicated on the sign is prohibited. 3.15 "Length limitation". The movement of vehicles (vehicle combinations) whose overall length (with or without cargo) is greater than that indicated on the sign is prohibited. 3.16 "Minimum distance limitation". The movement of vehicles with a distance between them less than indicated on the sign is prohibited. 3.17 "Customs". It is forbidden to travel without stopping at the customs (checkpoint). 3.18.1 "No right turn". Right turns are prohibited. 3.18.2 "No left turn". It is forbidden to turn to the left, a U-turn is not prohibited. 3.19 No U-turn. U-turn is prohibited, left turn is not prohibited. 3.20 "Overtaking prohibited". It is forbidden to overtake all vehicles, except for single, moving at a speed of less than 30 km/h, two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar and bicycles. 3.21 "End of no overtaking zone". Designation of the end of the area of validity of the sign 3.20. 3.22 "Overtaking by trucks is prohibited." It is forbidden for trucks, the total mass of which exceeds 3.5 tons, to overtake all vehicles, except for single vehicles. moving at a speed of less than 30 km/h, two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar and bicycles. 3.23 "End of no overtaking zone for trucks". Indication of the end of the area of validity of the sign 3.22. 3.24 "Maximum speed limit". It is forbidden to drive at a speed (km/h) exceeding that indicated on the sign. 3.25 "End of the maximum speed limit zone." Indication of the end of the zone of validity of the sign 3.24. 3.26 "Sounding is prohibited." The use of sound signals is prohibited. As an exception, it is allowed to give a sound signal to warn of a traffic accident. 3.27 "Stopping prohibited." Stopping and parking of vehicles is prohibited. 3.28 "Parking prohibited." Parking of vehicles is prohibited. 3.29 "Parking is prohibited on odd numbers." Parking of vehicles on odd days of the month is prohibited. 3.30 "Parking is prohibited on even numbers." Parking of vehicles on even days of the month is prohibited. 3.31 "End of the zone of all restrictions". Designation of the end of the zone of validity of several signs from the following at the same time: 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26-3.30. 4.3.2. Prohibition signs are installed directly in front of sections of roads on which the corresponding restriction is introduced, or in places where it is canceled. Prohibition signs can be installed in advance, with a sign 7.1.1. 4.3.3. The signs do not apply: 3.1-3.3, 3.18, 3.19, 3.27 - to public vehicles (buses, trolleybuses, trams, fixed-route taxis) moving along established routes; 3.2, 3.3, 3.27-3.30 - for cars with manual control and motorized wheelchairs driven by disabled people; 3.2-3.8 - for the relevant vehicles that serve enterprises located in the designated zone or belong to citizens living in this zone, and 3.2-3.4 - and by taxi when delivering passengers or goods to the designated zone; 3.28-3.30 - by taxi with the taximeter turned on. 4.3.4. The effect of signs 3.18.1 and 3.18.2 applies to the intersection of carriageways, in front of which the sign is installed. The zone of action of signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26-3.30 extends from the place where the sign is installed to the nearest intersection behind the sign, and in populated areas, if there is no intersection, to the end of the populated area. The zone of action of signs can be reduced: for signs 3.16 and 3.26 by using plate 7.2.1; for signs 3.20, 3.22, 3.24 by placing signs 3.21, 3.23 or 3.25 at the end of their area of action, respectively, or by using plate 7.2.1, the area of effect of sign 3.24 may be reduced by placing sign 3.24 with a different maximum speed; for signs 3.27-3.30 by installing repeated signs 3.27-3.30 with plate 7.2.3 at the end of their coverage area or using plate 7.2.2. Sign 3.27 can be used in conjunction with marking 1.4, and sign 3.28 - with marking 1.10, while the area of operation of signs is determined by the length of the marking line. The effect of signs 3.10, 3.27-3.30 applies only to the side of the road on which they are installed. 4.4. Mandatory signs4,4.1. Mandatory signs introduce or cancel certain modes of movement. 4.1.1 "Going straight", 4.1.2 "Going right", 4.1.3 "Going left", 4.1.4 "Going straight or right", 4.1.5 "Going straight or left", 4.1.6 "Going right or to the left." Movement is allowed only in the directions indicated by the arrows. Signs that allow a left turn also allow a U-turn. Signs 4.1 can be used with an arrow configuration corresponding to the required directions of traffic at a particular intersection. Signs 4.1 do not apply to public vehicles12 moving along established routes. 4.2.1 "Obstacle avoidance on the right", 4.2.2 "Obstacle avoidance on the left", 4.2.3 "Obstacle avoidance on the right or left". Driving around the obstacle is allowed" from the side (sides) indicated by the arrow (arrows). 4.3 "Circular traffic". Movement is allowed only in the direction indicated by the arrows. cars, motorcycles and buses, as well as other vehicles serving businesses located in the designated area. 4.5 "Bicycle path". Only bicycles are allowed. Pedestrians can also move along the cycle path (in the absence of a sidewalk or footpath). 4.6 " Pedestrian path." Only pedestrians are allowed to move. 4.7 "Minimum speed limit". It is only allowed to drive at the specified or higher speed (km / h). 4.8 "End of the minimum speed limit zone". Indication of the end of the zone of validity of the sign 4.7. 4.4.2. Mandatory signs are installed directly in front of road sections on which the corresponding traffic regime is introduced, or in places where it is canceled. The effect of signs 4.1.1-4.1.6 applies to the intersection of carriageways, in front of which a sign is installed. The effect of the sign 4.1.1, installed at the beginning of the road section, extends to the nearest intersection. The sign does not prohibit right turns into courtyards. 4.5. Information signs 4.5.1. Information and indication signs inform about the features of the traffic mode or about the location of settlements and other objects along the route. .5.1 "Motorway". A road on which the requirements of these Rules of the Road, which establish the procedure for driving on motorways, apply. 5.2 "End of motorway". End of the road marked with sign 5.1. 5.3 "Road for cars". A road reserved for the movement of cars, buses and motorcycles only. 5.4 "End of the road for cars." End of the road marked with sign 5.3. 5.5 "One-way road". Road (carriageway) on which the movement of vehicles across the entire width is carried out in one direction. 5.6 "End of a one-way road." End of the road (carriageway) marked with sign 5.5. 5.7.1, 5.7.2 "Entering a one-way road". Access to a one-way road. 5.8.1 "Directions of traffic on lanes". The number of lanes and permitted directions of movement for each lane. 5.8.2 "Directions of movement along the lane." Permitted lane directions. Signs 5.8.1, 5.8.2, allowing a left turn from the leftmost lane, also allow a U-turn from this lane. 5.8.3, 5.8.4 "Beginning of strip". The beginning of an additional lane on the rise or a deceleration lane - 5.8.3; on a three-lane road, the beginning of a segment of the middle lane intended for traffic in a given direction - 5.8.4. On the sign 5.8.3, installed in front of the additional lane on the rise, the sign 4.7 "Minimum speed limit" may be displayed, in this case, if the vehicle cannot continue moving along the main lane at the specified or higher speed, the driver must change lanes to the right to the additional strip. 5.8.5, 5.8.6 "Last end". The end of the additional lane on the rise or acceleration lane - 5.8.5; on a three-lane road, the end of a section of the middle lane intended for traffic in a given direction - 5.8.6. 5.8.7, 5.8.8 "Direction of movement along lanes". The direction of traffic along each of the lanes of a three-lane road. Sign 5.8.7 may contain a sign prohibiting the movement of one of the types of vehicles, in this case, the movement of the corresponding vehicles is prohibited along the middle lane. 5.9 "Lane for public vehicles." A lane intended for the movement of only public vehicles (buses, trolleybuses, fixed-route taxis) moving along established routes along the general flow of vehicles. 5.10.1 "Road with a lane for public vehicles." A road along which the movement of public vehicles moving along established routes is carried out along a specially allocated lane towards the general flow of vehicles. 5.10.2, 5.10.3 "Entering a road with a lane for public vehicles." Departure to the road on which the movement of public vehicles moving along established routes is carried out along a specially allocated lane towards the general flow of vehicles. 5.11.1 "Place for a U-turn". Place for a turn. Left turns are prohibited. 5.11.2 "Reversal area". U-turn zone and its length. Left turns are prohibited. 5.12 "Bus and (or) trolley bus stop"; 5.13 "Tram stop place". 5.14 "Place of parking of passenger taxis". 5.15 "Parking place". 5.16.1, 5.16.2 "Pedestrian crossing". 5.17.1, 5.17.2 "Underground pedestrian crossing". 5.17.3, 5.17.4 "Elevated pedestrian crossing". 5.18 "Recommended speed". The speed at which movement is recommended on this section of the road. The zone of action of the sign extends to the nearest intersection, and when sign 5.18 is used together with a warning sign, it is determined by the length of the dangerous section. 5.19.1-5.19.3 "Dead end". 5.20.1, 5.20.2 "Advance direction indicator" Direction of movement to the settlements and other objects indicated on the sign. The signs may bear images of the sign 5.29.1, symbols of the motorway, airport, sports pictograms. 5.20.1 may contain images of other signs informing about traffic features.The lower part of sign 5.20.1 indicates the distance from the place where the sign was installed to the intersection or the beginning of the deceleration lane.Sign 5.20.1 is also used to indicate the detour of road sections on which one of the prohibition signs 3.11-3.15 5.20.3 "Traffic plan" The route of movement when certain maneuvers are prohibited at the intersection or permitted directions of movement at a complex intersection. 5.21.1 "Direction indicator", 5.21.2 "Direction indicator". Driving directions to waypoints. The sign may indicate the distance to the objects marked on it (km), symbols of the highway, airport, sports pictograms. 5.22 "The beginning of the settlement." The name and beginning of the settlement in which the requirements of these Rules of the Road are in force, establishing the order of movement in settlements. 5.23 "End of settlement". The place from which the requirements of these Rules of the Road, establishing the order of movement in settlements, become invalid on this road. 5.24 "The beginning of the settlement." The name and beginning of a settlement where the requirements of these Rules of the Road, which establish the procedure for driving in settlements, do not apply on this road. 5.25 "End of settlement". End of the settlement marked with sign 5. 24. 5.26 "Object name". The name of the destination other than the settlement (river, lake, pass, landmark, etc.). 5.27 "Distance indicator". Distances to settlements (km) located on the route. 5.28 "Kilometer sign". Distance to the beginning or end of the road (km). 5.29.1, 5.29.2 "Route number". The number assigned to the road (route) is 5.29.1 and the direction of the road is 5.29.2. 5.30.1-5.30.3 "Direction of movement for trucks". The recommended direction of movement for vehicles whose movement in one of the possible directions is prohibited at the intersection by sign 3.4. 5.31 "Detour scheme". Detour route for a section of road temporarily closed to traffic. 5.32.1—5.32.3 "Detour direction". Detour direction of a section of road temporarily closed to traffic. 5.33 "Stop line". Place where vehicles stop at a prohibitory traffic light.13 4.5.2. Information and guidance signs are installed: 5.8.1, 5.8.2 - immediately before the intersection, they can be installed previously at a distance of 50 to 150 m from the intersection; 5.8.7, 5.8.8 - behind each intersection throughout the entire section of the road, where traffic in one direction is organized in two lanes; 5.16.2 - in the absence of markings on the pedestrian crossing 1.14 - to the right of the road at the near border of the transition, 5.16.1 - to the left of the road at the far border of the transition; 5.20.1 - at a distance of at least 300 m from the intersection or the beginning of the braking lane outside built-up areas and at least 50 m - in built-up areas, and on motorways, in addition, and at a distance of at least 800 m from the intersection or the beginning of the braking lane; 5.20.2 - above the carriageway immediately before the start of the braking lane, and in its absence - at a distance of at least 100 m from the intersection outside settlements and at least 50 m in settlements; > 5.20.3 - directly in front of the intersection, and can also be installed previously outside settlements at a distance of 150 to 300 m, and in settlements - from 50 to 100 m from the intersection; 5.31 - immediately before the start of the detour, and can also be installed previously outside settlements at a distance of 150 to 300 m, and in settlements - from 50 to 100 m from the intersection. 4.5.3. Signs 5.20.1 and 5.20.2 (when several directions are indicated) have a green background if they are installed on motorways, blue - on other roads outside built-up areas, white - in built-up areas. On signs installed on motorways, the inscription containing the names of settlements or objects, which are not accessed by motorways, is made on an insert with a blue background, and on signs installed on a section of the motorway within the boundaries of a settlement, the names of objects of this settlement are made on an inset with a white background. On signs installed on roads other than motorways, the inscription containing the names of settlements or objects to which movement is carried out along the motorway is made on an insert with a green background. On a sign with a white background, an inscription containing the names of other settlements or objects that can be reached by motorway is made on an insert with a green background, and if the movement is not on a motorway, then on an insert with a blue background. At the same time, if the sign installed in the settlement contains only the names of other settlements or objects, the movement to which is carried out not by motorways, then the sign has a blue background. Sign 5.20.2, when indicating one direction of movement, has a green background if the direction of movement is indicated to a settlement or an object to which movement is carried out along a motorway, blue if movement is not carried out along a motorway, white if the indicated objects are located in a settlement. Signs 5.21.1, 5.21.2 (indicating one direction of movement) and parts of signs 5.21.2 (indicating several directions of movement) have a green background if the movement to the settlements or objects indicated on them is carried out on the motorway, blue if the movement is carried out on other roads , white — if the specified objects are located in the settlement. Signs 5.24-5.29.2 installed on motorways have a green background, and those intended for installation on all other roads, including roads in built-up areas, have a blue background. 4.6. Service marks 4.6.1. Service signs inform about the location of the relevant service facilities: 6.1 "First aid station". 6.2 "Hospital". 6.3 "Gas station". 6.4 "Maintenance of cars". 6.5 "Car washing". 6.6 "Telephone". 6.7 "Food point". 6.8 "Drinking water". 6.9 "Hotel or motel". 6.10 "Camping". 6.11 "Resting place" Signs additional information(plates) 4.7.1. Signs of additional information (tablets) are used to clarify or limit the effect of other signs. 7.1.1 "Distance to the object". Indicates the distance from the sign to the beginning of the dangerous section, the place of introduction of the corresponding traffic restriction or a certain object (place) located ahead in the direction of travel. 7.1.2 "Distance to the object". Indicates the distance from sign 2.4 to the intersection, if sign 2.5 is placed immediately before the intersection. 7.1.3, 7.1.4 "Distance to the object", Indicate the distance to the motorway, road for cars or parking lot. 7.2.1 "Scope". Indicates the length of the dangerous section of the road, marked with warning signs 1.11-1.17, 1.21, 1.23, 1.25-1.30, the zone of action of prohibition signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26, the parking zone indicating the method of parking vehicles in the parking lot or the zone of action of information index sign 5.18. 7.2.2—7.2.4 "Scope". 7.2.2 - indicates the zone of action of prohibition signs 3.27-3.30, 7.2.3 - indicates the end of the zone of action of signs 3.27-3.30, 7.2.4 - informs drivers about their presence in the zone of action of signs 3.27-3.30. 7.3.1-7.3.3 "Directions of action". Indicate the directions of action of the prohibition signs 3.2-3.9 and the prescriptive sign 4.4 installed in front of the intersection. 7.4.1—7.4.7 "Type of vehicle". Indicate the type of vehicle to which the sign applies. Plate 7.4.1 extends the effect of the sign with which it is applied to trucks with a gross weight of more than 3.5 tons, and plate 7.4.3 - to trucks with a gross weight of less than or equal to 3.5 tons. 7.5.1 "Saturday , Sunday and holidays ”, 7.5.2 “Working days”, 7.5.3 “Days of the week”. Indicate the days of the week during which the sign is valid. 7.5.4 "Action time". Indicates the time of day during which the sign is valid. 7.5.5—7.5.7 "Action time". Indicate the days of the week and time of day during which the sign is valid. 7.6.1—7.6.5 "Method of parking a vehicle". Indicate the method of parking cars and motorcycles in the sidewalk parking lot, marked with sign 5.15. 7.7 "Parking with an idle engine." Indicates that in the parking lot marked with sign 5.15, parking of vehicles is allowed only with the engine not running. 7.8 "Paid parking". Indicates that the car park marked 5.15 is subject to a parking fee. 7.9 "Limiting the duration of parking." Indicates the maximum duration of the car's stay in the parking lot, marked with sign 5.15. 7.10 “Place for car inspection”. Indicates that there is an overpass or inspection ditch on the site marked with sign 5.15 or 6.11. 7.11 "Gross weight limit". Indicates that the sign applies only to vehicles with a gross weight exceeding that indicated on the plate. 7.12 "Dangerous roadside". Warns that the exit to the side of the road is dangerous in connection with the repair work on it. It is used with the sign 1.23. 7.13 "Direction of the main road". Indicates the direction of the main road at the intersection. 7.14 "Lane". Indicates the lane to which the sign applies. 7.15 "Blind pedestrians". Indicates that the pedestrian crossing is used by the blind. It is used with signs 1.20, 5.16.1, 5.16.2. 4.7.2. Plates are placed directly under the sign with which they are applied. Plates 7.2.2–7.2.4, when signs 3.27–3.30 are located above the carriageway, roadside or sidewalk, are placed to the side of the sign. ,4.7.3. Other signs and signs may also be used to help drivers navigate the environment, but do not impose any restrictions. White designations and inscriptions in this case should be made on a blue background. 4.7.4. If a temporary sign is installed on a portable stand, which has a different meaning than a stationary sign, the driver must be guided by the temporary sign.14 5. ROAD MARKINGS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS (according to GOST 13508-74 and GOST 23457-79) 5.1. Markings include lines, inscriptions and other designations on the carriageway, curbs and other elements of roads and road structures that establish the traffic order, show the dimensions of road structures or indicate the direction of the road. The marking is divided into horizontal and vertical and is used independently, as well as in combination with road signs or traffic lights. 5.2. Horizontal markings are used for markings on the carriageway and are white, except for lines 1.4, 1.10 and 1.17 yellow color. Vertical layout used for markings on curbs and other elements of roads and road structures and represents a combination of black and white stripes.5.3. Horizontal markings5.3.1. Horizontal markings have the following purpose: 1.1 - separation of traffic flows in opposite directions and marking the boundaries of traffic lanes in dangerous places on the roads; marking of the boundaries of sections of the carriageway to which entry is prohibited; designation of the boundaries of parking spaces for vehicles and the edge of the carriageway of roads that are not classified as motorways according to traffic conditions; 1.2 (wide solid line) - designation of the edge of the carriageway on motorways; 1.3 - separation of traffic flows in opposite directions on roads with four or more lanes; 1.4 - designation of places where stopping is prohibited (used alone or in combination with the sign 3.27 "Stopping is prohibited" and is applied at the edge of the carriageway or along the top of the curb); 1.5 - separation of traffic flows of opposite directions on roads with two or three lanes, designation of lane boundaries in the presence of two or more lanes intended for movement in one direction. 1.6 (approach line - a broken line, in which the length of the strokes is three times the intervals between them) - the designation of the approach to the marking 1.1 or 1.11, which separates the traffic flows of opposite or passing directions; 1.7 (dashed line with short dashes and equal intervals) - designation of traffic lanes within the intersection; 1.8 (wide dashed line) - designation of the boundary between the acceleration or deceleration lane and the main lane of the carriageway (at intersections, intersections of roads at different levels, in the zone bus stops and so on.); 1.9 - designation of the boundaries of traffic lanes on which the direction of movement can be reversed; 1.10 - designation of places where parking is prohibited (used alone or in combination with the sign 3.28. "Parking is prohibited" and is applied at the edge of the carriageway or at the inhalation of the curb); 1.11 - separation of traffic flows of opposite or passing directions, when maneuvering is allowed only from one lane; 1.12 (stop line) - an indication of the place where the driver must stop if there is a sign 2.5 "Movement without stopping is prohibited" or with a prohibitory traffic light signal (regulator); 1.13 - an indication of the place where the driver must, if necessary, stop, giving way to vehicles moving on the crossed road. 1.14.1, 1.14.2 ("zebra") - the designation of a pedestrian crossing, marking arrows 1.14.2 indicate the direction of movement of pedestrians; 1.15 - designation of the place where the cycle path crosses the carriageway; 1J 6.1-1.16.3 - designation of guide islands in places of division or confluence of traffic flows; 1.17 - designation of stops of public vehicles moving along established routes, and parking lots of taxi cars; 1.18 - indication of traffic directions allowed at the intersection along the lanes (used alone or in combination with signs 5.8.1,. 5.8.2); markings with the image of a dead end are applied before crossing roads with carriageways separated by a boulevard, or a wide dividing strip when turning on the nearest roadway is prohibited; markings that allow a left turn from the leftmost lane also allow a U-turn from this lane; 1.19 - designation of approaching a narrowing of the carriageway (a section where the number of lanes in a given direction decreases) or a marking line 1.1 or 1.11 separating traffic flows in opposite directions (in the first case it can be used in combination with "signs 1.18.1-1.18.3 "Narrow roads"); 1.20 - indication of the approach to marking 1.13; 1.21 (inscription "STOP") - indication of the approach to marking 1.12, when it is used in combination with the sign 2.5 "Movement without stopping is prohibited"; 1.22 - indication of the number of the road (route ); 1.23 - designation of a lane of the carriageway intended for the movement of only public vehicles moving along established routes. 5.3.2. Crossing lines -1.1 and 1.3 is prohibited, except when line 1.1 is used to mark the edge of the carriageway. 5.3.3. Lines 1.2, 1.5 - 1.8 are allowed to be crossed from any side. Line 1.9 is allowed to cross if it is located to the right of the driver. Line 1.11 is only allowed to be crossed from the side of the broken line. 5.3.4. The carriageway may be marked with inscriptions and other signs that help drivers navigate the environment, but do not impose any restrictions. 5.3.5. In cases where the meanings of road signs and marking lines contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the signs.5.4. Vertical marking5.4.1. Vertical marking has the following meaning: 2.1 - designation of vertical elements of road structures (supports of bridges, overpasses, end parts of parapets, etc.), when these elements pose a danger to moving vehicles; 2.2 - designation of the lower edge of the span of tunnels, bridges and overpasses; 2.3 - designation of round bollards installed on dividing strips or traffic islands; 2.4 - designation of guide posts, gouges, fence supports, etc.; 2.5 - designation of the side surfaces of road barriers on curves of a small radius, steep slopes and others hazardous areas; 2.6 - designation of the side surfaces of road barriers in other sections; 2.7 - designation of curbs in dangerous areas and towering safety islands.6. TRAFFIC LIGHTS6.1. To regulate traffic, traffic lights are used with green, yellow and red signals, which, as a rule, have a circle shape and a vertical or horizontal arrangement. In traffic lights with a vertical arrangement of signals, the red signal is placed at the top, and the green one at the bottom; with a horizontal arrangement of signals - red is placed on the left, green - on the right. 6.2. Traffic lights with a vertical arrangement of signals may have one or two additional sections with signals in the form of a green arrow. Sections are located at the level of the green signal. 6.3. Traffic lights without additional sections can be made in the form of arrows. These arrows indicate the directions "of movement at the permissive signal of this traffic light. They can be duplicated on a plate placed under or above the traffic light. An arrow on a traffic light signal without an additional section, indicating the direction to the left, also permits a turn. 6.4. Traffic light signals have the following meanings: green signal - allows movement. Flashing green signal warns that its time expires and the yellow signal will soon turn on; yellow signal - warns of a change in traffic lights and prohibits movement. Drivers who, when the signal was turned on, could not stop, taking into account the requirements of these Rules before crossroads or a pedestrian crossing, further movement is allowed.Pedestrians who were on the carriageway when the signal was turned on must complete the crossing or stop at a safety island, and in its absence, on the line separating traffic flows of opposite directions; yellow flashing signal - permits movement and warns of danger; red signal - prohibits movement. A combination of red and yellow signals turned on at the same time prohibits movement and warns that a green signal will soon be turned on. 6.5. If the traffic light is equipped with an additional section with an arrow, the movement of vehicles in the direction of the arrow is allowed only when it is turned on. An arrow pointing to the left also allows a turn. When driving in the direction of the arrow turned on at the same time as the red or yellow signal drivers are required to give way to vehicles coming from other directions. 6.6. To regulate the movement of pedestrians, two-color signaling traffic lights are also used, having red signals at the top and green signals at the bottom in the form of silhouettes of pedestrians (or the inscriptions “Stop”, “Go”). Pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway only when the traffic light is green. The flashing green signal of this traffic light warns that the red signal will soon turn on. 6.7. Traffic lights with two signals are used to regulate the movement of vehicles along separate lanes of the carriageway: green in the form of an arrow pointing down, and red in the form of two intersecting inclined lanes. The signals of such traffic lights have the following meanings: green signal - allows movement along the lane of the carriageway above which it is located; red signal - prohibits movement on the lane of the carriageway above which it is located. When the traffic light is off, entry to the lane marked with marking 1.9 is prohibited. 6.8. In front of railway crossings, drawbridges, ferry piers and places where firefighters and other special vehicles enter the road, traffic lights with two horizontally located and alternately flashing red signals or one red flashing signal are used. These signals prohibit passing through the stop line (sign 5.33 "Stop line"), and if it is not there, beyond the traffic light. 6.9. To regulate the movement of trams, trolleybuses, shuttle buses traffic lights with four round white-moon signals arranged in the shape of the letter T can be used. These traffic lights do not extend their effect to drivers of other vehicles. The signals of such traffic lights have the following meaning: all four signals are on - movement is allowed straight, turns right and left, as well as a turn; two signals are on - lower and upper middle - movement is allowed straight; two signals are on - lower and upper left - left turn and U-turn are allowed; two signals are on - lower and upper right - it is allowed to turn right; three signals are turned on - lower, upper middle and upper left - movement is allowed straight ahead, turning left and turning around; three signals are on - lower, upper middle and upper right - driving straight ahead and turning right are allowed; three signals are turned on - lower, upper right and upper left - turns to the right and left are allowed, as well as a U-turn; three upper signals are on - movement is prohibited. 6.10. If there are priority signs (2.1-2.5) at the regulated intersection, the driver must be guided by traffic lights. If the traffic light is turned off or works in the yellow flashing mode, the driver must follow the signs.7.6. The traffic controller may give other signals understandable to drivers and pedestrians. Whistle signals are used to attract the attention of road users. 7.7. Drivers and pedestrians are obliged to follow the traffic controller's signals, even if they contradict traffic lights, road signs and markings.8. WARNING SIGNALS8.1. The driver is obliged to give signals with light indicators of the direction of the corresponding direction, and if they are not available or they are faulty - by hand: before starting to move after stopping (parking) or before stopping; before changing lanes, turning or turning. 8.2. If the signals are given by hand, the driver must: before changing lanes or turning left, extend the left arm to the side or the right arm, bent at the elbow, up; before rebuilding or turning to the right, stretch the right arm to the side or the left arm bent at the elbow - up; raise your hand before braking. 8.3. A warning signal with direction indicators or a hand must be given in advance of the start of the maneuver and terminated immediately after its completion (the hand signal can be completed immediately before the maneuver is performed). Giving a signal does not give the driver the right of way and does not release him from taking the necessary precautions. 8.4. A warning signal when overtaking can be the switching of headlights, and outside built-up areas - a sound signal. 8.5. When driving in an organized convoy during daylight hours, regardless of visibility conditions, the dipped headlights must be switched on on a vehicle. 8.6. Emergency light signaling is used: when a technical malfunction or a driver’s illness occurs during the movement of the vehicle, threatening traffic safety and requiring an immediate stop; in the cases provided for in paragraphs 2.6, 13.8, 21.3 and 21.4 of these Rules. 8.7. Sound signals in built-up areas are prohibited. As an exception, it is allowed to sound a signal to prevent a traffic accident.7. REGULATOR SIGNALS 7.1. The signals of the traffic controller are the position of his body and gestures with his hands, including with a baton. 7.2. If the traffic controller stretched his arms to the sides or lowered them, then: from the right and left sides, movement is allowed: the tram - only straight ahead, trackless vehicles - straight and right, pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway; from the side of the chest and back, the movement of vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited. 7.3. If the traffic controller stretched his right hand forward, then: from the back and right side, the movement of all vehicles is prohibited, pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway from the right side behind the back of the traffic controller; from the side of the chest, vehicles are allowed to turn right, pedestrians are prohibited from crossing the carriageway; from the left side, trackless vehicles are allowed to move in all directions, the tram is only allowed to turn left; pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway behind the back of the traffic controller. 7.4. The traffic controller raised his hand - the movement of vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited. Drivers who, when the signal was given, could not stop in front of an intersection or a pedestrian crossing, are allowed to continue driving. Pedestrians who were on the roadway when the signal was given must complete the crossing or stop at the safety island, and in its absence, on the line dividing the traffic flows of opposite directions. 7.5. The traffic controller shakes a round disk with a red light or a retroreflector, a baton or a hand - the driver towards whom this signal is directed must stop.9. SPEED AND DISTANCE9.1. In populated areas, the movement of vehicles is allowed at a speed of no more than 60 km/h. 9.2. Outside built-up areas, movement is allowed: 9.2.1. Passenger cars, intercity, tourist and extra small buses, as well as trucks with a gross weight of not more than 3.5 tons - at a speed of not more than 90 km / h; 9.2.2. Other buses, motorcycles, trucks with a gross weight of more than 3.5 tons, as well as cars and trucks specified in subparagraph 9.2.1 of these Rules, driven by drivers with a driving experience of up to 2 years - at a speed of not more than 70 km/h 9.3. In settlements and outside them, truck cranes, self-propelled machines and mechanisms are allowed to move at a speed of no more than 50 km / h, and vehicles transporting heavy and oversized cargo , - at a speed no more than prescribed by the State traffic inspectorate when agreeing on the conditions of transportation. 9.4. It is forbidden to exceed the maximum speed determined by the technical characteristics of this vehicle, or the speed indicated on the identification mark established in accordance with paragraph 28.14 of these Rules. 9.5. On sections of roads where conditions ensure traffic safety at higher speeds, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the union (not having regional division) or autonomous republic, the executive committee of the regional, regional, city Council of People's Deputies, the permitted speed for vehicles specified in paragraphs 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 of these Rules (with the exception of vehicles on which a speed limit identification sign is installed) may be "increased. Appropriate road signs are installed on such sections of roads. 9.6. The driver must drive the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established limits, 10.8.When crossing a carriagewayIn the event of a danger to a road with a tram line out of traffic, the driver must take into account the crossroads drivers of trackless rys to reduce speed down to half-transport funds must give way to the stop of the vehicle. tram road. 9.7. The driver is prohibited from: 10.9. If the oncoming traffic makes it difficult for the normal movement of tailors to interfere with other vehicles, moving - I eat, the preferential right has, if necessary, with too little speed, the driver moving at free speed; moose. brake hard, forcing other drivers to change speed or 11. START OF MOVEMENT, control of one's movement, if this is not MANEUVERING required to ensure the safety of movement. 11.1. At the exit to the road from prile9.8. The driver, depending on the territory speeding towards it (courtyards, parking places, must choose such a distance, parking lots, gas stations, etc.), the driver is obliged to avoid a collision in the event of a vehicle moving in front of you, moving along it, and let the vehicle pass , as well as non-pedestrians. walking interval providing 11.2. Before starting the movement from mesafety of movement. a hundred stops (parking), rebuilding and any change in the direction of movement. LOCATION The driver must ensure that it is safe and does not interfere with the VEHICLES for other road users. ON THE CARRIAGE 11.3. If there is a brake strip 10.1. The number of lanes for traffic intended for lowering stapled rail vehicles is simple, the driver who intends to measure the markings or signs 5.8.1, the direction of movement is obliged to 5.8.2, and if they are not there, then the driver himself should change lanes to this one in a timely manner, taking into account the width of the carriageway parts, gabalos and turn only with this color of vehicles and necessary. In the presence of an acceleration strip, predmyh intervals between them. assigned to enter the road, drive 10.2. Drivers of trackless transtel are obliged to move along it and pour the port vehicles into the traffic flow, giving way to the opportunities closer to the right edge of the vehicles moving on the roadway. If there are three lanes or more for traffic without rail vehicles in this direction, then trucks with a total mass exceeding 3.5 tons are prohibited from entering the leftmost lane, except for rebuilding for a left turn or U-turn. 10.3. On roads where the carriageway is divided into traffic lanes road markings, the movement of vehicles must be carried out strictly in lanes. It is allowed to run into broken marking lines only when changing lanes. 10.4. In heavy traffic, when all lanes are occupied evenly, it is allowed to change lanes only for turning or stopping. 10.5. On a two-way road with three lanes, it is forbidden to drive into the leftmost lane of the carriageway intended for traffic in the opposite direction. 10.6. Vehicles whose maximum speed must not exceed 30 km/h or which, due to technical reasons, cannot develop such a speed, are allowed to drive to the left outside the extreme right lane only "for overtaking, bypassing, rebuilding for a left turn or a U-turn. 10.7. On sections On roads between intersections, it is allowed to drive on tram tracks of a passing direction located in the middle of the road at the same level as the carriageway, when passing, when the width of the vehicle exceeds the width of the carriageway in this direction, when overtaking, as well as in heavy traffic, if all lanes of the carriageway are occupied. When driving on tram tracks, tram traffic should not be interfered with. 11.4. When changing lanes, the driver must give way to vehicles moving along forward direction. If the changeover is carried out simultaneously in adjacent rows, the driver on the right has the advantage. 11.5. Before turning to the right, except for turning at the entrance to an intersection where a roundabout is organized, the driver is obliged to take the extreme right in advance, and before turning left or U-turn - the extreme left position on the carriageway intended for movement in this direction. At the intersection, the turn should be carried out in such a way that when leaving the intersection, the vehicle does not end up in the oncoming traffic lane; when turning right, the vehicle should move as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway. 11.6. When turning left (turning) outside the intersection, the driver of a trackless vehicle must give way to oncoming vehicles passing on the left and completing overtaking on the left. If the width of the carriageway is insufficient for a U-turn from the extreme left position, as an exception, it is allowed to make it from the right edge of the carriageway, having previously given way to both passing and oncoming vehicles. 11.7. U-turn is prohibited: at marked pedestrian crossings and closer than 15 m from intersections: at not regulated intersections if one-way traffic is organized on the intersecting road; on bridges, viaducts, overpasses and under them, as well as in tunnels and at railway crossings; outside populated areas in areas where the visibility of the road in at least one direction is less than 100 m. 11.8. When reversing, the driver must not interfere with other road users. If necessary, to ensure traffic safety, he must resort to the help of other persons.12. OVERTAKING 12.1. Before overtaking, the driver must make sure that the lane he intends to enter is clear at a sufficient distance and that by this maneuver he will not interfere with other traffic participants. 12.2. Overtaking trackless vehicles is allowed only on the left side. However, overtaking of a trackless vehicle, the driver of which has signaled a turn to the left and proceeded to perform it, shall be carried out on the right side. 12.3. The driver of the vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from preventing overtaking by increasing the speed of movement or by other actions. 12.4. On roads outside built-up areas, the driver of a slowly moving vehicle, behind which a congestion of other vehicles has formed, must stop in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 13.1 of these Rules and let them pass. 12.5. If there are two or more lanes for 17 off-road vehicles in a given direction, the overtaking driver may remain in the left lane, provided that, upon returning to the previously occupied lane, he would have to immediately start new overtaking and if it does not interfere with vehicles following it at higher speeds. 12.6. Overtaking is prohibited: at intersections, except for cases of overtaking at regulated intersections; overtaking bicycles and two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar; allowed overtaking on the right; overtaking carried out on the road, which is the main one in relation to the one being crossed; at railway crossings and closer than 100 m in front of them; overtaking or bypassing vehicle; at the end of the ascent and on other sections of roads with limited visibility with an exit to the oncoming traffic lane.13. STOPPING AND PARKING 13.1. Before stopping the vehicle on the road, the driver must change lanes and stop as far to the right as possible on the side of the road, and when. its absence - at the edge of the carriageway. 13.2. Stopping and parking of vehicles on the carriageway is allowed in one row. Motorcycles without a sidecar and bicycles may be parked in two rows. Parking a vehicle at an angle to the edge of the carriageway is permitted only where it will not interfere with the movement of other vehicles. Long-term parking (rest, overnight, etc.) outside the settlement is allowed only on special sites or outside the road. 13.3. The driver may leave his place or leave the vehicle, provided that the necessary precautions are taken to prevent the spontaneous movement of the vehicle and its use in the absence of the driver. 13.4. It is forbidden to open the doors of a stationary vehicle if this endangers safety and interferes with other road users. 13.5. Stopping and parking are prohibited: on the left side of the road, except for roads in settlements with one-way traffic if there is a sidewalk on the left side and roads with one lane for traffic in each direction that do not have tram tracks in the middle of the road; at railway crossings, and tunnels and under overpasses, bridges or overpasses; in places where the distance between a solid marking line and a stopped vehicle is less than 3 m; at pedestrian crossings and closer than 5m in front of them; at intersections and closer than 5 m from the edge of the crossed carriageways, with the exception of the side opposite the side passage at three-way intersections with a continuous marking line (separating lane); closer than 15 m from the stopping area, as well as signs 5.12 “Bus and (or) trolleybus stop place”, “5.13 “Tram stop place”, 5. 14 "Parking place for passenger taxis" (indicators for stopping a bus, trolleybus, tram or parking for passenger taxis), if this interferes with the movement of public vehicles moving along established routes, or taxis; in places where the vehicle will block other drivers from traffic lights or road signs. 13.6. Parking is prohibited: outside populated areas near dangerous, turns and convex fractures of the longitudinal profile of the road with visibility in at least one direction less than 100 m; closer than 100 m from railway crossings; in places of exit from the yards and closer than 5 m from them; and places where a stationary vehicle will interfere with the movement of other vehicles or pedestrians. 13.7. On sidewalk parking lots marked with the sign 5.15 in combination with one of the plates 7.6.1-7.6.5, only cars and motorcycles are allowed to park in the manner indicated on the plate. 13.8. In the event of a forced stop caused by a technical malfunction of the vehicle or a threat posed by the transported cargo, in the places listed in paragraphs 13.5, on the motorway or in violation of the requirements of paragraph 13.1 of these Rules, as well as in conditions where the stopped vehicle cannot be seen by other drivers in a timely manner, the driver of a power-driven vehicle (except for motorcycles without a sidecar) is obliged to turn on the emergency light signaling, and in case of its malfunction or absence, set an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of 25–30 m behind the vehicle. from traffic lights at the exit from the intersection. However, if there are stop lines at the intersection in front of the traffic lights located on the driver's route (sign 5.33 "Stop line"), the driver must be guided by the signals of each traffic light. 14.6. When turning left or making a U-turn at the green signal of a traffic light, the driver of a trackless vehicle must give way to vehicles moving straight and right from the opposite direction, as well as to a tram in the same direction. The tram driver must give way to a tram passing from the opposite direction straight and to the right. The driver of a vehicle moving from a transverse direction is obliged, regardless of the traffic lights, to give way to a vehicle completing a turn or U-turn at an intersection. 14.7. At an intersection where traffic is regulated by a traffic light with an additional section and there are no signs 5. 8.1, 5.8.2 or the corresponding markings, the driver, who is on the extreme lane of the carriageway, must continue to move in the direction indicated by the included arrow if his stop interferes with the movement of other vehicles following him along the same lane. 14.8. At a prohibitory signal from a traffic light or a traffic controller, the driver must stop in front of the stop line (sign 5.33 "Stop Line"), and if there is none, without leaving the carriageway of the crossed road and without interfering with pedestrians.15. UNREGULATORY CROSSROADS15.1. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles moving along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement. The main road is considered to be a road with any surface in relation to an unpaved (dirt) road or a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1—2.3.3, 5.1 in relation to a road marked with signs 2.4 or 2.5. 15.2. At the intersection of equivalent roads, the tram driver has the priority right over the drivers of trackless vehicles. The driver of a trackless vehicle must give way to vehicles approaching from the right. Tram drivers should be guided by the same rule among themselves. 15.3. In the case when the main road changes direction at an intersection, drivers moving along the main road must be guided by the rules for passing the intersections of equivalent roads. The same rule should be guided by each other and drivers moving on secondary roads. 15.4. It is forbidden to go to the intersection if a traffic jam has formed that will force the driver to stop at the intersection, thereby creating an obstacle to traffic.14. REGULATED CROSSROADS14.1. The intersection, where the order of movement is determined by the signals of a traffic light or a traffic controller, is considered regulated. With a yellow flashing signal or a non-working traffic light, the intersection is considered unregulated. 14.2. If the signals of a traffic light or a traffic controller allow the movement of a tram and trackless vehicles simultaneously, then the tram has the advantage regardless of the direction of its movement, with the exception of cases when the tram moves to the arrow turned on simultaneously with the red or yellow traffic light. 14.3. It is forbidden to enter the intersection even if permission signal of a traffic light if a traffic jam has formed, which will force the driver to stop at the intersection, thereby creating an obstacle to traffic. 14.4. When turning left or right, the driver of the vehicle must give way to pedestrians crossing the carriageway at the permissive signal of a traffic light or a traffic controller. 14.5. The driver who entered the intersection with the permission signal sve18 15.5. When turning left or being led by road signs, at the gate, the driver of a trackless translight and sound alarm, a port vehicle must give way to the vehicles moving through the crossing by the report of the barrier and instructions to the road. driving on an equivalent road with a signal prohibiting movement, in the opposite direction straight or the position of the body on duty is right, as well as completing overtaking on a crossing facing the driver on the left in the passing direction. This chest or back, with the arms stretched out in the same way, should be guided by the arms. among themselves tram drivers. 17.2. It is forbidden to enter the crossing 15.6. When turning left or hitting with a closed or starting right, the driver of the vehicle must close the barrier and, regardless of you, you must let pedestrians through, beyond the position of the barrier, when they are flashing the carriageway, at red traffic lights or the sound alarm is on. Which he turns. 15.7. When entering an unregulated intersection, it is also forbidden to enter the crossing at the intersection, the driver must, in the absence of barriers and the signal of the road sign 2.5 “Movement of the zation or with the barrier open without stopping”, stop either the off-light traffic lights, sitting in front of the stop line, and if there is none, if to a train is approaching the crossing (locomotive, trolley). in front of the sign. Before resuming traffic, if there is a sign 2.4 “Give way” and markings 1.13 for passing, the driver is obliged to make sure again that there are no vehicles, drivers who are approaching the crossing have a priority right to trains. movement, it is forbidden to leave this 17.3. To skip the approaching markings, and in the absence of markings - trains and in cases where movement on the carriageway crossed through the crossing is prohibited, the driver of the horns. must stop no closer than 5m to the barrier or traffic light, and in their absence - no closer than 10m to the first 16. PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS rail. AND STOP PUBLIC 17.4. In the absence of a marking before the crossing that determines the number of TRANSPORT lanes, or a sign 5.8.1 dvizhe16.1. The driver of a vehicle passing vehicles through a road approaching an unregulated road is only allowed in one lane. pedestrian crossing, on which at 17.5. Horse-drawn carts must be followed by pedestrians, must slow down or stop in order to pass through the crossing in turn groups of pedestrians, for whom no more than three carts (sledges) in each can pass; Precautionary measures oblige a hindrance or danger has been created. zan observe the driver of each according to 16.2. If in front of a pedestrian crossing. If a vehicle has stopped at the house, the herd of animals must be undressed, then the drivers of other vehicles can continue moving, divided into groups of such a size that only after making sure that before stopping, taking into account the number of drivers, there are no vehicles, each group was ensured a quick and safe passage through the crossing. shekhodov. 17.6. In the event of a forced stop at any place, the driver is obliged to let blind pedestrians passing the crossing, the driver is obliged to drop people off and immediately accept all signals with a white cane. 16.3. It is forbidden to enter the steps on foot from it to clear the passage if an overpass has formed. If the vehicle cannot be removed from the crossing, then the driver and the stopped vehicle must: the vehicle will interfere with the movement if it is possible to send pedestrians. 16.4. When passing a tram, two people along the tracks in both hastily directions, standing on the road from the crossing for 1000 m (if there is one, a significant stop located in the direction of the worst visibility of the track), in the middle of the road, the driver must explain how to give a signal to stop, reduce speed or stop so that the driver of the approaching driver will let pass the pedestrians going to the ride; - stay near or away from the transport interchange. 16.5. In the settlements of the leadership and give general alarm signals; when a train (locomotive, vehicle) appears, it should not interfere with trolleybuses and trolley buses) run towards it, in the opposite direction, driving off, waving a stop signal. from the designated stop. Drivers note. The stop signal is used by trolleybuses and buses by a circular movement of the hand (during the day - with a patch of bright matter or taking precautions in a heavily visible object, at any night - with running a traffic searchlight or a lantern). A series of processions serve as a general alarm signal. 16.6. Approaching stopped from one long and three short beeps. a vehicle with an identification mark for transporting children, 17. 7. Only with the permission of the head driver is obliged to slow down or stop at the distance of the railway track in order to let the children through. it is allowed to move through the crossing: vehicles and other self-propelled machines and mechanisms, the width of which is 17. RAILWAY which is more than 5 m or the height from the TRAINS of the road surface is more than 4.5 m (with load 17.1. When approaching the railway without load); road trains, the length of which. At the first crossing, the driver must make sure that the traffic is safe and breaks with one trailer (semi-trailer) 20 m, and with two or more trailers - 24 m; special vehicles carrying especially heavy loads; low-speed machines and mechanisms, the speed of which is less than 5 km / h, as well as tractor drag sledges. The application must be submitted no later than 24 hours before transportation. 17.8. The driver is prohibited from: transporting agricultural, road, construction and other machines and mechanisms through the crossing in a non-transport position; cross railroad tracks in unspecified places; arbitrarily open the barrier or bypass it.18. SPECIAL TRAFFIC CONDITIONS 18.1. On the road marked with signs 5.5 "Road with one-way traffic", 5.7.1, 5.7.2 "Exit to the road with one-way traffic", the movement of vehicles is carried out only in the direction indicated by the signs. 18.2. On the road marked with signs 5.10.1 "Road with a lane for public vehicles", 5.10.2, 5.10.3 "Exit to the road with a lane for public vehicles", the movement of other vehicles in the lane allocated for oncoming traffic is prohibited. movement of public vehicles, as well as stopping and parking on this lane. 18.3. On the road, where the right lane is marked with sign 5.9 "Lane for public vehicles" and road markings 1.23, the movement and parking of other vehicles on this lane is prohibited. As an exception, if there is no solid marking line, it is allowed to drive into the indicated lane when entering the road, rebuilding to turn right, as well as for boarding and disembarking passengers. 18.4. On a public transport vehicle, when driving along a specially allocated lane towards the general flow of vehicles during daylight hours, regardless of visibility conditions, the dipped headlights must be switched on.19. TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS 19.1. On the road marked with the sign 5.1 "Motorway", the following are prohibited: the movement of pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles whose maximum speed according to the technical characteristics is less than 40 km / h; stop outside. a specially allocated lane or places marked with road signs 5.15 "Parking place" or 6.11 "Resting place"; U-turn, entry to the median strip and breaks in it; reversing; the movement of trucks, the gross weight of which exceeds 3.5 tons, beyond the second lane; training ride. 19.2. When entering a motorway, the driver is obliged to give way to vehicles moving on it.19 20. DRIVING ON STEEP SLIDES 20.1. On sections of roads marked with sign 1.13 "Steep descent", it is prohibited to drive with the clutch or gear disengaged. 20.2. If on sections of roads marked with the sign 1.13 “Steep descent”, oncoming traffic is difficult, the driver of a vehicle moving downhill must give way to vehicles moving uphill. In built-up areas, such headlights can be used by drivers of special vehicles (firefighters, ambulances medical care, etc.) when performing official tasks. Note. It is forbidden to install headlights and searchlights, unless it is provided by the vehicle manufacturer. 21.7. The rear fog lamps can only be used in low visibility conditions. Note. One or two red rear fog lamps are installed on the car at a height of 0.4-1.2 m. Their inclusion must be ensured together with the clearance ones. lamps and license plate lighting. When towing by partial loading, it is prohibited for people to be in the cab or body of the towed vehicle, as well as in the body of the towing vehicle.23. TRAINING RIDE23.1. Training driving on the roads is allowed only with an instructor (trainer) with sufficient driving skills of the trainee, who is obliged to know and comply with the requirements of these Rules. Note. The trainee must know the list of road sections approved by the executive committee of the local Council of People's Deputies on which training driving is prohibited. 23.2. Driving instruction instructors of schools, courses, circles must have a document for the right to teach driving. A driver with at least three years of experience can teach driving individually, while a driver who is trained on a car must be at least 16 years old, and on a motorcycle at least 14 years old. 23.3. On motor vehicles on which training is carried out, identification marks must be installed in accordance with paragraph 28.11 of these Rules. Educational cars of schools, courses and circles, in addition, are equipped with additional clutch and brake pedals and a rear-view mirror for the student. 21. USE OF LIGHTING DEVICES 21.1. At night, on unlit sections of roads, movement is allowed only with dipped or main beam headlights, and on illuminated sections, and with dipped beam - headlights (or) parking lights. 21.2. When driving during the day in conditions of insufficient visibility, as well as in tunnels, the vehicle must turn on the dipped headlights. Note. Conditions of insufficient visibility are meteorological conditions (fog, rain, snowfall, etc.) when the visibility distance is less than 300 m. 21.3. The main beam of the headlights must be switched to low beam at least 150 m before the vehicle moving in the opposite direction, as well as in all cases when it can dazzle other drivers, including those moving in the same direction. When blinded, the driver is obliged, without changing the lane for movement, to slow down or stop and turn on the alarm. 21.4. When stopping and parking on unlit sections of the road at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, the marker or parking lights must be switched on on a motor vehicle. In case of their malfunction or absence, the vehicle outside the settlements must be taken away from the road, and if this is not possible, the driver of a power-driven vehicle (except for a motorcycle without a sidecar) must turn on the alarm, and in its absence or malfunction, set it at a distance of 2530 m behind the vehicle. means a warning triangle or a flashing red light. 21.5. Fog lights may be used at night, in conditions of poor visibility, in tunnels, as well as instead of low beam headlights in the cases provided for in paragraphs 8.5, 18.4, 22.5, 24.6 and 25.4 of these Rules. Fog lights can be used both independently and in conjunction with low or high beams. Note. Vehicles are equipped with two fog lights, motorcycles - one. Their inclusion must be ensured in conjunction with the marker lights and license plate lighting. Fog lamps must be located at a height of at least 250 mm from the road surface, but not higher than the passing beam headlights, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and not more than 0.4 m from the outer dimension in width. 21.6. A searchlight or a headlamp can only be used outside built-up areas in the absence of oncoming vehicles.22. TOWING OF MECHANICAL VEHICLES22.1. Towing may be carried out on a hitch or by partial loading onto a platform or a special supporting device of the towing vehicle. The towing speed must not exceed 50 km/h. 22.2. When towing using a rigid or flexible hitch, the driver must be behind the wheel of the towed vehicle, except when the design of the rigid hitch ensures that the towed vehicle follows the track of the towing vehicle. 22.3. When towing on a flexible hitch, the towed vehicle must have proper brakes and steering, and when towing on a rigid hitch, steering. A vehicle with faulty steering is towed by partially loading it. Note. A rigid hitch should provide a distance between vehicles of no more than 4 m, a flexible one - within 4-6 m. With a flexible hitch, the connecting link every meter is indicated by signal boards or flags in accordance with paragraph 28.16 of these Rules. 22.4. Towing is prohibited: in icy conditions on a flexible hitch; with the total length of the train of coupled vehicles exceeding 24 m; two-wheeled motorcycles without a stroller and themselves; a vehicle with a faulty service brake system, if the mass of the towed vehicle exceeds half of the total actual mass of the towing vehicle; two or more motor vehicles at the same time. Note. As an exception, simultaneous towing of two motor vehicles is allowed "by partial loading or on a rigid hitch. In this case, the towing procedure must be determined by the transporting organization and agreed with the local State traffic inspectorate. 22.5. When towing during daylight hours, regardless of visibility conditions on the towing vehicle 22.6. When towing on a flexible or rigid hitch, it is prohibited to transport people in a towed bus, trolleybus or in the body of a towed load.24 TRANSPORTATION OF PEOPLE 24.1. must be carried out on vehicles specially designed for this purpose.Before driving, the driver must make sure that the conditions for safe transportation are provided, and instruct passengers on the procedure for getting on and off, warning them that it is forbidden to stand in the back of a moving car. trams, trolleybuses and buses are required to start moving only with closed doors and not open them until they come to a complete stop. 24.2. Transportation of groups of people in the back of a truck is allowed for the most disciplined and experienced drivers with experience continuous work as a driver for at least three years (for military drivers at least 10 months with a special certificate), and can be carried out subject to the following requirements: the body is equipped with seats reinforced at a distance of at least 15 cm to the top edge of the sides, and the seats are located along rear or side board, - strong backs; the number of people transported does not exceed the number of seats equipped; if there is an easily removable fire extinguisher with a capacity of at least two liters outside the cab. Note. When transporting groups of children in a truck, it is necessary that at least two adults are in the back. 24.4 In all cases, the speed of a truck carrying people (regardless of their number) must not exceed 60 km/h. cabins of a dump truck, tank truck, tractor and other specialized vehicles, self-propelled machines and mechanisms, the design of which is not suitable for transporting people, as well as in the body of a cargo motorcycle; on a cargo trailer (semi-trailer) and in a cottage trailer; in excess of the amount, provided for by the technical characteristics of the vehicle, except for children under 12 years of age; in the front seat of a car and on back seat motorcycle - children under 12 years of age. Note. It is allowed to transport children in the front seat in special children's car seats fixed in accordance with the instructions for their use. 24.6. When transporting groups of children by bus or truck, identifying signs must be installed in front and behind in accordance with paragraph 28.8 of these Rules, and during daylight hours, in addition, dipped headlights must be turned on. 25.4. On a vehicle transporting bulky, heavy or dangerous goods, during daylight hours, regardless of visibility conditions, the dipped headlights must be switched on. 25.5. On a vehicle carrying dangerous goods, in accordance with the established procedure, special signs must be installed in front and behind, provided for in paragraph 28.15 of these Rules. 26.6. Drivers should guide the animals as close to the right side of the road as possible. At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, herd drivers must carry a lit lantern with white light on its left side in front, with red light behind, and drivers of riding and pack animals must have a lantern emitting white light forward and red back.25. CARGO TRANSPORT25.1. The load must be placed and, if necessary, secured on the vehicle so that it: does not endanger pedestrians and other road users, does not fall out or be dragged; did not restrict the driver's visibility; did not violate the stability of the vehicle and did not make it difficult to control it; did not close lighting fixtures , including stoplights and direction indicators, retroreflective devices, number and identification plates, as well as hand signals; did not create noise, did not raise dust and did not cause other inconveniences. In populated areas from 0 to 6 hours, loading and unloading operations that cause noise are prohibited. 25.2. The load must be marked in accordance with paragraph 28.16 of these Rules, if: it protrudes beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front or behind by more than 1 m; its extreme point in width is located at a distance of more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the front or rear marker light. 25.3. The authorities of the State traffic inspectorate must obtain a permit for the transportation of especially valuable, dangerous and heavy cargo, as well as for the movement of a vehicle if its dimensions with or without cargo exceed at least one of the following: in height of 3.8 m from the road surface, in width 2.5 m, length - 20 m for a road train with one trailer (semi-trailer), 24 m for a road train with two or more trailers, or if the load protrudes beyond the back point of the vehicle's dimensions by more than 2 m.26.7. It is prohibited for a bicycle driver to: ride on sidewalks and pedestrian 26. ADDITIONAL paths; REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVING drive without holding the steering wheel; BICYCLISTS, DRIVED to carry passengers (except for a child, on an additional seat, equipped with footrests); animals to transport cargo that is in favor of 26.1. To drive a bicycle without more than 0.5 m in length or a wide engine, a horse-drawn cart not beyond the dimensions of a bicycle and can be a (sleigh), be a pack driver, interfere with control; to move on the road in the presence of riding animals or herds when driving on roads, persons are allowed to use a bicycle path marked under 14 years old, but with a two- or three-horse sign 4.5 “Bicycle road vehicle with cancer”; with a total engine capacity of less than 50 cm 3 turn left or turn the maximum design speed on roads with a tram speed of less than 40 km / h - for persons who are not younger and on roads that are more than 16 years old. one lane in that direction. Note. By decision of the Council of Ministers of the union (which does not have a regional deProhibition of towing bicycles) or an autonomous republic, or by bicycles. regimental committee of the regional, regional Council of People's Deputies, the minimum age is 26.8. At an unregulated intersection, it can be reduced to a cycle path with a cycle track of 12 and 14 years, respectively. sipedists must give way 26.2. The driver of a bicycle or horse-drawn vehicles, moving wagons (sledges) must be kept on this road. to itself the document confirming zna26.9. Driver horse-drawn cart(sledging of these Rules, and transport it), drivers of pack, riding equipment - a license plate, if it is an animal, livestock is prohibited: it is decided by a decision of the Council of Ministers to leave animals on the road without a union (not having a regional division of supervision; nia) or an autonomous republic, to execute cattle through the railroad committee of the regional and regional Soviets, railroad tracks and roads outside specially native deputies. designated places, as well as in the dark vre26.3. A bicycle without suspension for two days and under conditions of insufficient engine, as well as another two- or three-wheel drive; drive livestock on roads with an advanced wheeled vehicle with an engine capacity of less than 50 cm 3 with a waxed surface. and a maximum design speed of less than 40 km/h must have IS27. TECHNICAL CONDITION right brakes and sound signal. When AND EQUIPMENT move on roads at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility of VEHICLES, these vehicles must 27.1. The technical condition of the participants to be equipped in front with a lamp (headlight) with a white light, in the rear - vehicles with a red light or red lights in traffic must meet the requirements of the relevant technical return regulations. operating instructions and factory instructions26.4. Horse-drawn cart for pneumatic manufacturers. tires must be equipped with 27.2. It is forbidden to use the parking brake. When vehicles move on roads at night and on railroad mechanical conditions insufficient visibility on vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers in a horse-drawn cart (sleigh) should be in the following cases: a white brake light is installed in front, a red light or a red reflector is installed in the back. Admission 27.2.1. When the vehicle is moving, only one lamp is installed from the vehicle without load with a speed of white light in front and red light behind 30 km / h on a dry horizontal section of the left side of the wagon (sleigh). ke paved roads, I have 26.5. Driving on the roadway on the road, the coefficient of adhesion is not less than bicycles, horse-drawn carts (sledges), 0.6, the service brake does not provide riding animals, only uniform braking of all cocos in one row at a distance of no more than a forest is allowed, while the vehicle is 1m from its right the edges. Departure on pain when braking turns around at the neck, the distance is allowed only for an angle of more than 8 ° or occupies an overtaking lane, a detour and permitted cases of more than 3.5 m. 27.2.2. With a single click on the yah to turn left or turn around. It is allowed to drive along the side of the road if the pedal (handle) of the service brake does not provide the set effect, which does not interfere with pedestrians.21 27.2.36. Windshield wiper not working. 27.2.37. The speedometer is not sealed (excluding vehicles belonging to "individual owners") or the speedometer is faulty. u^-«i Type of transport O-I means 27.2.38. The sound signal is defective or a multi-tone signal with alternating tones not provided for by the design* of this vehicle is installed. and cars, skon27.2.39. Faulty door locks castrated on their base of the call or cabin, as well as side locks cargo platform. 5.0 Trucks 0.5 with GVW less than 27.2.40. Faulty traction coupling or equal to 8 tons, as well as the device of a car or trailer, or a road train; designed on their tractor fifth wheel or base; semi-trailer buses. no more than 7.5 m 27.2.41. There is no provision for 4.2 Trucks 11.0 by the design of a vehicle with a gross weight of more than 8 tons, as well as an auto-spray and dirt-protective wheel apron. yes, designed on 27.2.42. Faulty pneumatic ones at their base; buses longer than the bus door control drive. 7.5 m 27.2.43. There are significant external damage to body parts and windows 2 Engine and transmission paints metal surfaces . 27.2.21. Carbon monoxide content Motorcycles and wheelchairs8.2 5.0 27.2.44. Absent: on a bus, light "(CO) or the level of smoke in the exhaust gases of the engine exceeds the installation and truck - a first-aid kit and a fire extinguisher; per mo1 The braking distance is measured from the current norms. on a motorcycle with a sidecar - a medical apta of pressing the brake pedal (ruko27.2.22. Fuel leaks from the chute system; on a car carrying a boat) to a complete stop. 2 With simultaneous action of brake supply. dangerous goods, - first-aid kit, 27.2.23. Faulty or missing call with foot and hand drive. fire extinguisher and other devices, silencer. designed to eliminate fire27.2.24. Does not turn on or spontaneously and ensure safe transportation 27.2.3. Fluid leaks into the hydraulically disengaged transmission. personal brake system. cargo. 27.2.25. Damaged or vibrating car27.2.4. The tightness of the system is broken. Note. A first aid kit and a fire extinguisher thread the air brakes that issued the shaft. must be located in fixed 27.2.26. There are no condition devices in the places installed to call for a drop in air pressure by water - by the manufacturer of the vehicle to suppress radio interference. when the compressor is not running at the expense. If the design of the transport is 0.3 kgf/cm2: within 30 minutes with your vehicle, these places are not provided for in the single position of the controls, the first-aid kit and the fire extinguisher must be placed in easily accessible places (by braking or for 15 minutes at 27.2.27. Quantity and Placement of headlights Placement of a first-aid kit and a fire extinguisher in the included controls of a brake-car is forbidden (not counting fog lights) in the same place. In a bus, one fire extinguisher is blocked). comply with the prescribed design, must be located in the driver's cab, 27.2.5. The pressure gauge does not work, the second system is in the passenger compartment. vehicle. pneumatic brakes. 27.2.28. Headlights not adjusted in co27.2.6. The compressor does not provide 27.2.45. On mechanical transport, set air pressure in accordance with the instructions of the factory-driven vehicle, excluding motorcycles without a driver. topic of air brakes. strollers, there is no emergency sign os27.2.29. The headlights do not light up (not counting pro 27.2.7. There is no working brake fog lamp) or the rear position lights or a flashing red light. trailer (semi-trailer) system if lights. As an exception, if not 27. 2.46. On the vehicle, it is provided by the factory-manufacturer, one headlight or marker lamp is lit, additional items are installed. light must be provided from the left decorative equipment, limiting visibility from the driver's seat 27.2.8. The lever (handle) of the parking side of the vehicle. or brakes that have a dangerous effect are not held by the locking 27.2.30. The stop light is not on. device. 27.2.31. Does not work in installed on road users. Note. Use of the turn signal mode is allowed. 27.2.9. Parking brake do not hold cars av27.2.32. Identification sign is not lit blinds or curtains on both sides of the vehicle, regardless of the vehicles, if they have road trains. Depending on the loading conditions on a slope, there are at least outside rear-view mirrors. 27.2.33. The stipulated 16% is missing. 27.2.47. On a motorcycle without a sidecar from 27.2.10. On trailers that do not have a vehicle structure, there are no safety arcs provided for by the design, or in the event of a malfunction of the devices, or by these Rules for Light Carriers. over-rotators that prevent touching the drawbar. 27.3. In the event of a techni27.2.34. The rear light of the road is not lit, as well as on the single-axle indicated in the trailers (except for the dissolutions) of the missing sign or its illumination of non- ical malfunctions, provides in clear weather, visual subparagraphs 27.2.5-27.2.7, 27.2.13, 27.2.18, chains (cables). 27.2.22, 27.2.25, 27.2.40, and in the dark, the bridge of the sign is 20 m. Note. The color of the front "marking day in conditions of insufficient visibility" Steering lights should be white, and the rear lights should be white, and the rear lights should be white in subparagraph 27.2.29 and red during rain or snowfall in subparagraph 27.2.36 The color of the front, rear and side lights 27.2.11. 27.2.12. Difficulty turning the steering wheel Color of the front reflectors the paths of the other wheels must be white, the side wheels must be orange with the faults specified in clause 27.2 and the rear wheels must be red. Body, cab, additional steering parts Impossible—go to the equipment parking place in compliance with the necessary measures pre27.2.14. The hydraulic booster is faulty 27.2.35. There are no foreseen precautions. steering. braking performance under the test conditions given in subparagraph 27.2.1. of this Regulation. Wheels and tires 27.2.15. Truck and motorcycle tires have a residual tread depth of less than 1 mm, buses and trolleybuses - less than 2 mm, passenger cars - up to the wear indicator, and in its absence - less than 1.6 mm. 27.2.16. The tire has through damage or broken cords. 27.2.17. The tire size and load capacity does not match the vehicle model. 27.2.18. The wheel is not securely attached to the hub. 27.2.19. On the front axle of the intercity bus there are tires retreaded according to the first repair group, and on rear axle it - for the second repair group., 27.2.20. On the front axle of a passenger car, bus (not interurban), trolley bus, tires retreaded according to the second repair group are installed.
The first decree "On motor traffic in the city of Moscow and its environs" of 1920 forbade driving to the theater. But the speed limit outside the city was not limited until 1980! According to what traffic rules did they go to the USSR?
1920
In the 1920s, there were no uniform traffic rules for the entire Soviet Union. On June 10, 1920, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR approved the Decree "On motor traffic in the city of Moscow and its environs", hereinafter referred to as the Moscow province. This code stipulated speed limits for movement around the city, including at night, accounting for vehicles and the work of traffic inspectors. The decree was adopted as the basis for traffic rules in many Soviet cities.
For example, a separate section clarified the use of car license plates - with the clarification that "self-written signs are by no means allowed", only printed ones. There should be two signs, the front one - mounted vertically on the left front fender, the rear one - on the body part or a special stand "not lower than a yard from the ground." License plates must be kept clean and in good order and fully correspond to their purpose: identification on the move of the car in front and behind.
Each car must be registered with the Transport Department of the Moscow Council of Deputies, and unregistered ones are subject to arrest and immediate transfer to one of the garages of the Transport Department - what do they say today about confiscation for traffic violations? Moreover, every car arriving in Moscow, if it was not from the Moscow province, had to be registered within 24 hours - almost martial law.
Drivers, who were then called drivers, are required to have a certificate from the examination committee at the Transport Department of the Moscow Council of Deputies for the right to drive a car - in fact, a driver's "license" - and an identity card issued from the place of service, with a visa of the Military Commissariat of the city of Moscow.
Before the Vienna Convention of 1968, which standardized the international Rules of the road, there are still decades, and their own countries are just beginning to establish. In the young Soviet state, the traffic rules of 1920 stipulate the speed limit: cars must move along the streets at a speed of no more than 25 miles per hour (27 km / h), trucks - no more than 15 miles per hour (16 km / h). At the same time, at night, in the absence of light lamps, motor vehicles should not develop more than 10 miles per hour (11 km / h). "Overtaking in a narrow place and cutting corners are definitely prohibited."
Already in 1920, judging by the set of rules, it became necessary to limit the use sound special signals: "driving with a police whistle, as if causing panic in the streets, is prohibited." (Ay, modern cars with blinkers)! All vehicles must be equipped with a horn and silencer.
But for current fans to leave the car in a prohibited place: "It is forbidden to leave the car on the street unattended."
The Traffic Inspectorate of the Transport Department of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' and Red Army Deputies was responsible for compliance with the Rules, whose representatives could "stop, if necessary, cars only by raising a flag during the day or a lantern at night." And persons who do not obey the requirements of the Transport Inspectorate are "subject to immediate arrest" - everything is strict.
In 1920, there was no talk of widespread free use of cars by ordinary Soviet citizens; cars were allocated to high-ranking leaders with the permission of various Commissions. And “using a car to travel to theaters, concerts, etc. definitely prohibited."
1930s-1940s
Ten years later, it becomes clear that traffic inspectors are not enough, we need a full-fledged organization that controls traffic. In 1931, a circular “On the procedure for organizing supervision over the implementation of traffic rules” was signed at the Main Directorate of the Workers 'and Peasants' Militia (GURKM), and traffic control departments - ORUDs were created. In 1934, the Main State Automobile Inspectorate was established.
On May 15, 1933, Zudortrans (Central Administration of Highways and Dirt Roads and Motor Transport) approved the "Rules for the movement of motor vehicles and horse-drawn vehicles on the roads of the USSR." A month later, road signs were standardized: according to GOST "Road signs for the regulation and safety of auto-drawn traffic." And there were 4 index, 13 forbidding and 6 warning (of dangers). The first traffic lights appear - in the form of a dial, divided into red and green sectors, along which the arrow moved.
Until 1940, there was no unified set of traffic rules in the USSR; they were developed by local authorities and were mainly focused on horse-drawn transport. In 1940, the model "Rules of the road on the streets and roads of the USSR" were approved, on the basis of which local traffic rules are created, a single model of a driver's license, accounting rules and technical inspection. In 1945, GOSTs were developed: “Road Signal Signs”, which divided signs into three types - warning (yellow field, black border and black image) - intersection, steep curve, railway crossing, other dangers; forbidding - passage is prohibited (with specification of the type of transport), speed limit, overtaking ban, etc. and index, indicating turns and parking. Uniform registration plates have been introduced - a yellow background, two black letters and four black numbers.
1950s
In the 1950s, the set of Rules already had a lot of points, and in cases not provided for in the Rules, it is recommended "to drive a car so as not to interfere with others and not endanger their safety." The driver is required not only to have a license to drive a car, a ticket technical passport, but also "be neat, disciplined, polite and carefully monitor the condition of the car."
It is forbidden to drive a car in a state of intoxication, in case of an accident and accidents it is necessary not to budge, if this does not interfere with traffic, until the arrival of police officers.
Drivers guilty of violating the traffic rules are subject to administrative penalties imposed by the Police Service and the State Traffic Inspectorate. The penalty depends on the nature of the violation - it can be a warning; a fine paid on the spot, in the amount established by the local Soviet of Working People's Deputies; replacement of a coupon for a certificate for the right to drive transport; an administrative fine; deprivation of the right to drive for a period of 15 days to 6 months.
It would not be so easy for modern drivers and with modern traffic to deal with, for example, priority at intersections. The streets are divided into main and secondary, but there are no signs. Main streets are characterized by heavier traffic or wider carriageways. Expanse for Orudovites!
With the speed of things in the 50s, things are quite loyal. Today's reckless drivers would really like this point: "On highways outside settlements, you can drive a car at a speed allowed by the condition of the road, the profile of the road, the degree of visibility and ensuring complete traffic safety." In settlements, speed limits are set by local Councils of Deputies - for cars, usually 50-70 km / h.
However, under certain conditions, other speed limits apply, and the Moscow ones may differ from the typical ones. Most often, the limit is 15 km / h - when pedestrians are crowded on the roadway, ice, oncoming traffic in low light, 5 km / h - when turning around, reversing, during fog, and past schools and hospitals - speed reduction up to full stop.
"When stopping, the driver is obliged to put the car in line with other cars in the direction of travel, close to the sidewalk, and outside the city - on the side of the road." This elementary requirement from the 50s, many modern drivers are simply not able to fulfill. As well as the requirement not to park the car at pedestrian crossings, against gates and exits (in Moscow, stopping is allowed for no more than two minutes). For the capital, a ban is also stipulated for parking a car 30 meters from the ventilation shafts of the metro or 10 meters from the entrance.
“When driving in three lanes, those turning right take their place in the right lane, turning left in the left lane, and following straight ahead in the middle lane.” But in the 50s there were no exits from the TTK to Leningradka or the Enthusiasts Highway, on which many allow themselves to turn into four lanes, bypassing the line, slowing down those who travel further and collecting eternal traffic jams.
But this rule for driving through unregulated intersections (there was no sign “Main Road” yet) has become obsolete, since it even sounds emergency: “Drivers of any type of transport must let the transport that entered the intersection first” unless you leave “side streets with little movement." It was also necessary to pay attention to such conditions: give way to vehicles moving downhill or uphill, trams, trolleybuses and buses, and only then cars, motorcycles, and lastly truck. And in different major cities had their own priorities in modes of transport. The “interference on the right” also works.
In 1956, the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On measures to combat accidents in road transport and urban electric transport" provides the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR to deprive drivers of the "rights" to drive automobile, motorcycle and urban electric transport for up to 1 year for driving while intoxicated and to prohibit operation of cars and motorcycles of personal ownership, if the owners drive them without a driver's license.
In Moscow, as an exception, it is allowed to install only one license plate on a car - at the back, while two plates are required in the Union. "The sign must always be clean."
1959
From January 1, 1959, GOST (3207-58) “Number plates for road transport vehicles» - black numbers on a yellow background are replaced by four numbers and three white letters on a black background.
The Council of Ministers of the RSFSR adopts a regulation on the procedure for using highways, where the following requirements are listed: in case of a stop, vehicles must be taken to the right side of the road, and in case of a long stop or overnight stay, they must be taken to the right of way; when parking on the side of the road in conditions of poor visibility, sidelights and position signals must be turned on.
All drivers of vehicles and citizens who have discovered malfunctions on the road or artificial structures that threaten traffic safety are required to immediately report this to the nearest road authorities and police authorities.
In 1959, the Soviet Union joined the International Convention on Road Traffic, adopted in Geneva in 1949.
1961
On January 1, 1961, the first unified rules for the entire USSR, based on the 1949 Convention, begin to operate.
The so-called warning card contains marks for speeding in dangerous conditions, violation of the rules of overtaking and maneuvering, driving on the left side, which poses a threat to traffic safety, and non-observance of the lane, driving with malfunctions, violation of the rules of passage and railway crossings, violation of the rules of use lighting fixtures, violation of the rules of stopping and parking transport. If there are three marks in the coupon with a composter and in case of a subsequent violation within 12 months, the certificate for the right to drive a car is withdrawn, and the traffic police commission decides on a re-examination or deprivation of rights.
In the January issue of the newspaper "Behind the wheel" for 1961 there is an article about an accident in ice. As reported in the note, the driver in a Moskvich car was driving on ice along the Kashirskoye Highway at a speed of 35-40 km/h, and not 20 km/h, as required by the Rules, and got into an accident. “For a gross violation” of traffic rules, he was deprived of his “rights” for six months.
The first uniform traffic rules for the whole country were introduced in 1961 (they were based on the 1949 Convention). Then, after some revision, these Rules were re-approved in 1965, and were valid until January 1, 1973, when they were replaced by those based on and supplementing the 1968 Conventions. European agreements 1971.
1963
In 1963, a decree “On additional measures to prevent accidents in road transport” was issued, which stated that “the main causes of accidents in road transport continue to be poor educational work among employees of auto facilities, low labor discipline of individual drivers and the presence of cases of drunk driving. condition."
In the List of violations from 1963, for which an administrative fine is due, not only drivers, but also pedestrians and cyclists are ignored. Thus, for pedestrians crossing the streets in an unintended place or for a prohibition signal, driving a bicycle or a horse-drawn cart while intoxicated, a fine of up to 10 rubles is due; for untimely registration of a vehicle, for unauthorized re-equipment of a vehicle, for stopping in prohibited places - up to 5 rubles; for other violations - up to 1 ruble.
1965
In 1965, there are uniform Rules for the entire Union, but it is specified that traffic restrictions in cities and other settlements are carried out on the basis of decisions of committees of local Soviets of Workers' Deputies. Pedestrians with sleds, carts and bicycles are allowed to walk only along the edge of the carriageway (shoulder) at the sidewalk, while "free" pedestrians are entitled to the sidewalks at their full disposal. In general, a separate section of 16 points is devoted to “two-legged” road users and passengers of public transport (today - 8).
Drivers of mopeds, horse-drawn carts or sledges do not need to have a driver's license, but they are required to present a document confirming knowledge of the Rules of the Road - a smart provision, which we then abandoned.
This set of rules already has a clause allowing drivers of cars with special signals to deviate from the requirements of traffic rules.
It is forbidden to drive a car in a state of “even light intoxication or under the influence of drugs' or in 'sickness or fatigue'. Drivers are required to use warning signals before starting to move or changing direction - modern drivers too lazy to turn on the turn signal in your car, and in 1963, in the absence of light signals, warnings are supposed to be given by hand.
The speed limit in cities is set at the usual limit of 60 km / h (although today in large cities, in particular in Moscow, this threshold is constantly changing) - but this is for cars, buses and motorcycles, and for the rest - 50 km / h . “Moving in the left lane is allowed only when overtaking and the right lanes are occupied.
With the passage of unregulated intersections, everything is still not easy. The 1963 Rules propose to be guided by the following "tips": the main road at a three-way intersection is a street with a continuation in both directions, at a four-way intersection - a paved street or a street where traffic is possible in two or more lanes. On equivalent roads, priority is given to trams, then non-rail mechanical vehicles and mopeds, then others. When passing through squares (circular traffic), priority is given to those vehicles that are already on the square.
In general, the Rules of 1963 are already close to modern ones.
1973
On January 1, 1973, new Rules of the Road and the State Standard "Road Signs" were introduced. Exams for new traffic rules The state traffic inspectorate does not plan to carry out, however, it is going to check those drivers who commit gross violations.
The driver must have a driver's license, registration documents for the vehicle, waybill or a power of attorney if the car belongs to another individual.
Approaching the intersection from equivalent and unequal roads is reported by warning signs with a red border. In the event that a main road changes direction, drivers must drive through the intersection as though they were equivalent roads, contrary to the current regulations.
The speed limit is still stipulated only in the city - 60 km / h for everyone. And so "the driver must choose such a speed in order to be able to perform the necessary actions for driving."
Today, foglights have gone from their direct function, and often they are turned on “for beauty”, dimming the head light. However, in 1973, the SDA clearly stipulated that "fog lamps can only be used during fog, rain, snowfall, and also when driving on narrow roads with a lot of turns." PTF must be turned on together with the main headlights and number plate illumination. A searchlight or searchlight provided by the manufacturer (and in no other independent case) can only be turned on outside built-up areas in the absence of oncoming cars.
Speaking of current fans of curtains on the windows: in 1973, it is forbidden to operate a car if the vehicle is equipped with "blinds or curtains that restrict visibility."
1980
November 2, 1979 By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, new rules of the road are introduced, which come into force on June 1, 1980.
They require you to wear seat belts in the car, if the vehicle is equipped with one. Finally, priority signs are stipulated, which indicate the order in which intersections are to be passed - “main road”, “give way”, as well as “advantage of oncoming traffic”.
Outside settlements, you can no longer rely only on your feelings on the desired speed limit - the speed is limited to 90 km / h, and for drivers with less than two years of experience, attention, no more than 70 km / h. Local governments have the authority to raise speed limits on roads where conditions are safe. The driver is prohibited from moving too far low speed and obstruct the movement of other vehicles.
There are already quite a lot of cars on the streets and not all drivers are guided by common sense and courtesy. Therefore, a clause appears in the Rules that prohibits driving to an intersection or a pedestrian crossing if there is a traffic jam - isn't it so familiar? When turning, the driver must give way to pedestrians, as well as slow down or stop at the entrance to an unregulated pedestrian crossing, give way to public transport when it leaves the stop. The use of light fires, close to the current requirements, is being negotiated.
On motorways, training driving, driving at speeds below 40 km/h and driving trucks beyond the second lane are prohibited.
1987
The last set of traffic rules relating to the Soviet Union came into force on January 1, 1987. They are not much different from the modern, familiar traffic rules.
You can not fasten seat belts for a driving instructor and children under 12 years old (there is no talk about child seats yet). In addition to alcohol and drug intoxication and fatigue, there is a ban on driving under the influence of drugs that reduce reaction speed and attention.
Sound signals in built-up areas can be given only to prevent an accident. It is curious that in order to “attract the attention of the overtaken driver”, it is allowed to give a signal by switching the headlights - today such behavior would be considered boorish and even thought to be attributed to the concept of “aggressive driving”. It is allowed to turn on fog lights at night.
The speed of movement on motorways is increased for cars up to 110 km/h, on other roads it remains at the limit of 90 km/h. As before, drivers with less than two years of experience outside the city are allowed to drive no faster than 70 km/h. On highways, it is now prohibited to reverse and turn in the gaps in the median strip.
Overtaking is prohibited at intersections, with the exception of traffic on the main road, in sharp turns, at the end of the ascent, at railway crossings, but there is no talk of the recently legalized "zebras". Parking on the bridge is allowed, which is contrary to modern traffic rules.
As early as 1987, public transport lanes were banned for car drivers.
The first decree "On motor traffic in the city of Moscow and its environs" of 1920 forbade driving to the theater. But the speed limit outside the city was not limited until 1980! According to what traffic rules did they go to the USSR?
In the 1920s, there were no uniform traffic rules for the entire Soviet Union. On June 10, 1920, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR approved the Decree "On motor traffic in the city of Moscow and its environs", hereinafter referred to as the Moscow province. This code stipulated speed limits for movement around the city, including at night, accounting for vehicles and the work of traffic inspectors. The decree was adopted as the basis for traffic rules in many Soviet cities.
For example, a separate section explained the use of car license plates - with the clarification that "self-written signs are by no means allowed", only printed ones. There should be two signs, the front one is fixed vertically on the left front fender, the rear one is on the body part or on a special stand “not lower than a yard from the ground”. License plates must be kept clean and in good order and fully correspond to their purpose: identification on the move of the car in front and behind.
Each car must be registered with the Transport Department of the Moscow Council of Deputies, and unregistered ones are subject to arrest and immediate transfer to one of the garages of the Transport Department - what do they say today about confiscation for traffic violations? Moreover, every car arriving in Moscow, if it was not from the Moscow province, had to be registered within 24 hours - almost martial law.
Drivers, who were then called drivers, are required to have a certificate from the examination committee at the Transport Department of the Moscow Council of Deputies for the right to drive a car - in fact, a driver's "license" - and an identity card issued from the place of service, with a visa of the Military Commissariat of the city of Moscow.
Before the Vienna Convention of 1968, which standardized the international Rules of the road, there are still decades, and their own countries are just beginning to establish. In the young Soviet state, the traffic rules of 1920 stipulate the speed limit: cars must move along the streets at a speed of no more than 25 miles per hour (27 km / h), trucks - no more than 15 miles per hour (16 km / h). At the same time, at night, in the absence of light lamps, motor vehicles should not develop more than 10 miles per hour (11 km / h). "Overtaking in a narrow place and cutting corners are definitely prohibited."
Already in 1920, judging by the set of rules, it became necessary to limit the use of sound special signals: "driving with a police whistle, as causing panic in the streets, is prohibited." (Ah, modern cars with flashing lights)! All vehicles must be equipped with a horn and silencer.
But for current fans to leave the car in a prohibited place: "It is forbidden to leave the car on the street unattended."
The Traffic Inspectorate of the Transport Department of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' and Red Army Deputies was responsible for compliance with the Rules, whose representatives could "stop, if necessary, cars only by raising a flag during the day or a lantern at night." And persons who do not obey the requirements of the Transport Inspectorate are "subject to immediate arrest" - everything is strict.
In 1920, there was no talk of widespread free use of cars by ordinary Soviet citizens; cars were allocated to high-ranking leaders with the permission of various Commissions. And “using a car to travel to theaters, concerts, etc. definitely prohibited."
1930s-1940s
Ten years later, it becomes clear that traffic inspectors are not enough, we need a full-fledged organization that controls traffic. In 1931, a circular “On the procedure for organizing supervision over the implementation of traffic rules” was signed at the Main Directorate of the Workers 'and Peasants' Militia (GURKM), and departments for regulating traffic - ORUDs were created. In 1934, the Main State Automobile Inspectorate was established.
On May 15, 1933, Zudortrans (Central Administration of Highways and Dirt Roads and Motor Transport) approved the "Rules for the movement of motor vehicles and horse-drawn vehicles on the roads of the USSR." A month later, road signs were standardized: according to GOST "Road signs for the regulation and safety of auto-drawn traffic." And there were 4 index, 13 forbidding and 6 warning (of dangers). The first traffic lights appear - in the form of a dial, divided into red and green sectors, along which the arrow moved.
Until 1940, there was no single set of traffic rules in the USSR; they were developed by local authorities and were mainly focused on horse-drawn transport. In 1940, the model "Rules of the road on the streets and roads of the USSR" were approved, on the basis of which local traffic rules are created, a single model of a driver's license, accounting and technical inspection rules were developed. In 1945, GOSTs were developed: “Road Signal Signs”, which divided the signs into three types - warning (yellow field, black border and black image) - intersection, steep curve, railway crossing, other dangers; forbidding - passage is prohibited (with specification of the type of transport), speed limit, overtaking ban, etc. and index, indicating turns and parking. Unified registration plates have been introduced - a yellow background, two black letters and four black numbers.
1950s
In the 1950s, the set of Rules already had a lot of points, and in cases not provided for in the Rules, it is recommended "to drive a car so as not to interfere with others and not endanger their safety." The driver is required not only to have a license to drive a car, a technical passport coupon, but also "to be neat, disciplined, polite and carefully monitor the condition of the car."
It is forbidden to drive a car in a state of intoxication, in case of an accident and accidents it is necessary not to budge, if this does not interfere with traffic, until the arrival of police officers.
Drivers guilty of violating the traffic rules are subject to administrative penalties imposed by the Police Service and the State Traffic Inspectorate. The penalty depends on the nature of the violation - it can be a warning; a fine paid on the spot, in the amount established by the local Soviet of Working People's Deputies; replacement of a coupon for a certificate for the right to drive transport; an administrative fine; deprivation of the right to drive for a period of 15 days to 6 months.
It would not be so easy for modern drivers and with modern traffic to deal with, for example, priority at intersections. The streets are divided into main and secondary, but there are no signs. Main streets are characterized by heavier traffic or wider carriageways. Expanse for Orudovites!
With the speed of things in the 50s, things are quite loyal. Today's reckless drivers would really like this point: "On highways outside settlements, you can drive a car at a speed allowed by the condition of the road, the profile of the road, the degree of visibility and ensuring complete traffic safety." In settlements, speed limits are set by local Councils of Deputies - for cars, usually 50-70 km / h.
However, under certain conditions, other speed limits apply, and the Moscow ones may differ from the typical ones. Most often, the limit is 15 km / h - when pedestrians are crowded on the roadway, ice, oncoming traffic in low light, 5 km / h - when turning around, reversing, during fog, and past schools and hospitals - speed reduction up to full stop.
“When stopping, the driver is obliged to put the car in line with other cars in the direction of travel, close to the sidewalk, and outside the city - on the side of the road.” This elementary requirement from the 50s, many modern drivers are simply not able to fulfill. As well as the requirement not to park the car at pedestrian crossings, against gates and exits (in Moscow, stopping is allowed for no more than two minutes). For the capital, a ban is also stipulated for parking a car 30 meters from the ventilation shafts of the metro or 10 meters from the entrance.
“When driving in three lanes, those turning right take a place in the right lane, turning left in the left lane, following straight ahead in the middle lane.” But in the 50s there were no exits from the TTK to Leningradka or the Enthusiasts Highway, on which many allow themselves to turn into four lanes, bypassing the line, slowing down those who travel further and collecting eternal traffic jams.
But this rule for driving through unregulated intersections (there was no sign “Main Road” yet) has become obsolete, since it even sounds emergency: “Drivers of any type of transport must let the transport that entered the intersection first” unless you leave “side streets with little movement." It was also necessary to pay attention to such conditions: give way to vehicles moving downhill or uphill, trams, trolleybuses and buses, and only then cars, motorcycles and, last but not least, trucks. Moreover, different major cities had their own priorities in terms of transport. The “interference on the right” also works.
In 1956, the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On measures to combat accidents in road transport and urban electric transport" provides the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR to deprive drivers of the "rights" to drive automobile, motorcycle and urban electric transport for up to 1 year for driving while intoxicated and to prohibit operation of cars and motorcycles of personal ownership, if the owners drive them without a driver's license.
In Moscow, as an exception, it is allowed to install only one license plate on a car - at the back, while two plates are required in the Union. "The sign must always be clean."
From January 1, 1959, GOST (3207-58) “Number plates for road transport vehicles” changes - black numbers on a yellow background are replaced by four numbers and three white letters on a black background.
The Council of Ministers of the RSFSR adopts a regulation on the procedure for using roads, which lists the following requirements: in the event of a stop, vehicles must be diverted to the right side of the road, and in case of a long stop or overnight stay, they must be brought to the right of way; when parking on the side of the road in conditions of poor visibility, sidelights and position signals must be turned on.
All drivers of vehicles and citizens who have discovered malfunctions on the road or artificial structures that threaten traffic safety are required to immediately report this to the nearest road authorities and police authorities.
In 1959, the Soviet Union joined the International Convention on Road Traffic, adopted in Geneva in 1949.
On January 1, 1961, the first unified rules for the entire USSR, based on the 1949 Convention, begin to operate.
The so-called warning card contains marks for speeding in dangerous conditions, violation of the rules of overtaking and maneuvering, driving on the left side, which creates a threat to traffic safety, and non-observance of lanes, driving with malfunctions, violation of the rules of passage and railway crossings, violation of the rules for using lighting devices, violation of the rules of stopping and parking transport. If there are three marks in the coupon with a composter and in case of a subsequent violation within 12 months, the certificate for the right to drive a car is withdrawn, and the traffic police commission decides on a re-examination or deprivation of rights.
In the January issue of the newspaper "Behind the wheel" for 1961 there is an article about an accident in ice. As reported in the note, the driver in a Moskvich car was driving on ice along the Kashirskoye Highway at a speed of 35-40 km/h, and not 20 km/h, as required by the Rules, and got into an accident. “For a gross violation” of traffic rules, he was deprived of his “rights” for six months.
The first uniform traffic rules for the whole country were introduced in 1961 (they were based on the 1949 Convention). Then, after some revision, these Rules were re-approved in 1965, and were valid until January 1, 1973, when they were replaced by those based on the 1968 Conventions and the 1971 European Agreements supplementing them.
In 1963, a decree “On additional measures to prevent accidents in road transport” was issued, which stated that “the main causes of accidents in road transport continue to be poor educational work among employees of auto facilities, low labor discipline of individual drivers and the presence of cases of drunk driving. condition."
In the List of violations from 1963, for which an administrative fine is due, not only drivers, but also pedestrians and cyclists are ignored. Thus, for pedestrians crossing the streets in an unintended place or for a prohibition signal, driving a bicycle or a horse-drawn cart while intoxicated, a fine of up to 10 rubles is due; for untimely registration of a vehicle, for unauthorized re-equipment of a vehicle, for stopping in prohibited places - up to 5 rubles; for other violations - up to 1 ruble.
In 1965, there are uniform Rules for the entire Union, but it is specified that traffic restrictions in cities and other settlements are carried out on the basis of decisions of committees of local Soviets of Workers' Deputies. Pedestrians with sleds, carts and bicycles are allowed to walk only along the edge of the carriageway (shoulder) at the sidewalk, while "free" pedestrians are entitled to the sidewalks at their full disposal. In general, a separate section of 16 points is devoted to "two-legged" road users and passengers of public transport (today - 8).
Drivers of mopeds, horse-drawn carts or sledges do not need to have a driver's license, but they are required to present a document confirming knowledge of the Rules of the Road - a smart provision, which we then abandoned.
This set of rules already has a clause allowing drivers of cars with special signals to deviate from the requirements of traffic rules.
It is forbidden to drive a car in a state of "even light intoxication or under the influence of drugs" or in a "sick condition or fatigue." Drivers are required to use warning signals before starting to move or changing direction - modern drivers are too lazy to turn on the turn signal in their car, and in 1963, in the absence of light signals, warnings are supposed to be given by hand.
The speed limit in cities is set at the usual limit of 60 km/h (although today in large cities, in particular in Moscow, this threshold is constantly changing) - but this is for cars, buses and motorcycles, and for the rest - 50 km/h . “Moving in the left lane is allowed only when overtaking and the right lanes are occupied.
With the passage of unregulated intersections, everything is still not easy. The 1963 Rules propose to be guided by the following "tips": the main road at a three-way intersection is a street with a continuation in both directions, at a four-way intersection - a paved street or a street where traffic is possible in two or more lanes. On equivalent roads, priority is given to trams, then non-rail mechanical vehicles and mopeds, then others. When passing through squares (circular traffic), priority is given to those vehicles that are already on the square.
In general, the Rules of 1963 are already close to modern ones.
On January 1, 1973, new Rules of the Road and the State Standard "Road Signs" were introduced. The State traffic inspectorate does not plan to conduct exams on the new traffic rules, but it is going to test those drivers who commit gross violations.
The driver must have a driver's license, registration documents for the vehicle, a waybill or a power of attorney if the car belongs to another individual.
Approaching the intersection from equivalent and unequal roads is reported by warning signs with a red border. In the event that a main road changes direction, drivers must drive through the intersection as though they were equivalent roads, contrary to the current regulations.
The speed limit is still stipulated only in the city - 60 km / h for everyone. And so "the driver must choose such a speed in order to be able to perform the necessary actions for driving."
Today, foglights have gone from their direct function, and often they are turned on “for beauty”, dimming the head light. However, in 1973, the SDA clearly stipulated that "fog lamps can only be used during fog, rain, snowfall, and also when driving on narrow roads with a lot of turns." PTF must be turned on together with the main headlights and number plate illumination. A searchlight or searchlight provided by the manufacturer (and in no other independent case) can only be turned on outside built-up areas in the absence of oncoming cars.
Speaking of current fans of curtains on the windows: in 1973, it is forbidden to operate a car if the vehicle is equipped with "blinds or curtains that restrict visibility."
November 2, 1979 By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, new rules of the road are introduced, which come into force on June 1, 1980.
They require you to wear seat belts in the car, if the vehicle is equipped with one. Finally, priority signs are stipulated that indicate the order in which intersections are to be passed - “main road”, “give way”, as well as “advantage of oncoming traffic”.
Outside settlements, you can no longer rely only on your feelings on the desired speed limit - the speed is limited to 90 km / h, and for drivers with less than two years of experience, attention, no more than 70 km / h. Local governments have the authority to raise speed limits on roads where conditions are safe. The driver must not drive at too low a speed and interfere with the movement of other vehicles.
There are already quite a lot of cars on the streets and not all drivers are guided by common sense and courtesy. Therefore, a clause appears in the Rules prohibiting the exit to an intersection or a pedestrian crossing if there is a traffic jam - isn't it so familiar? When turning, the driver must give way to pedestrians, as well as slow down or stop at the entrance to an unregulated pedestrian crossing, give way to public transport when it leaves the stop. The use of light fires, close to the current requirements, is being negotiated.
On motorways, training driving, driving at speeds below 40 km/h and driving trucks beyond the second lane are prohibited.
The last set of traffic rules relating to the Soviet Union came into force on January 1, 1987. They are not much different from the modern, familiar traffic rules.
You can not fasten seat belts for a driving instructor and children under 12 years old (there is no talk about child seats yet). In addition to alcohol and drug intoxication and fatigue, there is a ban on driving under the influence of drugs that reduce reaction speed and attention.
Sound signals in built-up areas can be given only to prevent an accident. It is curious that in order to “attract the attention of the overtaken driver”, it is allowed to give a signal by switching the headlights - today such behavior would be considered boorish and even thought to be attributed to the concept of “aggressive driving”. It is allowed to turn on fog lights at night.
The speed of movement on motorways is increased for cars up to 110 km/h, on other roads it remains at the limit of 90 km/h. As before, drivers with less than two years of experience outside the city are allowed to drive no faster than 70 km/h. On highways, it is now prohibited to reverse and turn in the gaps in the median strip.
Overtaking is prohibited at intersections, with the exception of traffic on the main road, in sharp turns, at the end of the ascent, at railway crossings, but there is no talk of the recently legalized "zebras". Parking on the bridge is allowed, which is contrary to modern traffic rules.
As early as 1987, public transport lanes were banned for car drivers.
