What to do if the tires on the wheels are uneven. Why tires "go screw"

I know from my own experience that not all rubber products can be restored; to give them their former elasticity and softness, after it has hardened. In general, a small part of rubber can be brought back to life if we are talking specifically about rubber, and not about the latest polymers, which do not lose their physical properties at a certain operating temperature.

The whole difference is that rubber products, namely the "rubber" material itself, in the process of its manufacture, undergoes such a process as vulcanization, when the base of rubber - rubber turned into rubber when interacting with certain substances at a certain temperature. Rubber was a new material in which rubber molecules created a single spatial grid, it is due to this single grid that rubber has its physical properties.

It will not be practical to talk about all rubber products in one recommendation, since there are a lot of rubber types and each rubber has its own incoming properties, as well as the degree of saturation of the rubber, the ability to crystallize and orientate, the strength of the chemical bond chain and the flexibility of macromolecules.

Basically, 5 main factors influence aging and loss of elasticity:

• light exposure, in which the irreversible process of photooxidation of rubber occurs.
• ozone exposure, which results in cracking of stressed rubber.
• thermal action destroys the spatial grid.
• radiation exposure destroys the bond of molecules.
• vacuum action breaks separate sections in the product.

All this negative influence leads to the fact that the rubber becomes hard and / or brittle. If the product crumbles, then it will not work to give it elasticity, since the bond between the molecules is broken.

But if the rubber has hardened, but has not begun to break down, then it can be brought back to life.

One of the misconceptions is that many advise to dip or spray the product with solvents, gasoline or alcohol. This cannot be done, because, firstly, there is oil-benzo resistant rubber, which simply will not accept these liquids, and secondly, other rubber products simply dissolve partially or completely in these solvents, and the elasticity effect will only be temporary.

But one of the really effective solutions that can "revive" rubber products is ammonia solution with 5% concentration.

In this solution, the product should be held for no more than 15 minutes, then, if possible, knead it by mechanical pressure and treat it with the following composition.

Place the product after softening in water-glycerin solution with 5% concentration.

In this solution, the product must also be held for no more than 15 minutes.

The temperature of the solutions should be in the range of 40-50 degrees.

There should not be much time between the two solutions, since ammonia will destroy the rubber with prolonged exposure, and glycerin in water slows down this process.

Ammonia solution 5% is not on sale, for this reason you will have to buy 10% and dilute it with distilled water according to the formula (see chemical formulas, I personally can make a mistake)

A water-glycerin solution of 5% is also not on sale, there is only pure glycerin or 85%, it must also be diluted to obtain the appropriate concentration.

Rubber is used in many household structures: various hoses, seals, adapters, car parts. Over time, products made from this material fail, dry out, lose elasticity, and become inconvenient to use. You should not immediately buy new elements, you can try to soften the rubber at home.

Remanufactured rubber part using kerosene

Rubber elements under the influence of external factors lose their original properties, become less elastic, harden. Their further use will not bring the desired effect, seals, for example, will not be able to make the system completely sealed. The purchase of new rubber elements is sometimes difficult due to the lack of products of the required dimensions or their overpriced.

The following substances allow you to soften rubber:

1. Kerosene. Allows you to make rubber parts soft by affecting the structure of the material. After processing, the rubber element becomes fully elastic. Recovery technology is as follows:

• fill a small container with kerosene (choose the container size depending on the size of the product to be restored);
• place the part in a container with kerosene for 3 hours;
• after the specified time, check the product for softness, if the result is satisfactory: remove the material and rinse with warm running water;
• dry the material in a natural way, without using a hair dryer or battery.

1. Alcohol ammonia. The process of restoring old material is as follows:

• dilute the indicated alcohol with water in a ratio of 1: 7;
• place the rubber material in the resulting solution for half an hour;
• after the specified time, remove the part and rinse with warm running water;
• Allow the parts to dry completely before using them.

Please note: you can not keep rubber in a solution of ammonia and water for more than an hour. If the material does not become elastic after 30 minutes, use another recovery method.

1. Medical alcohol followed by the use of glycerin. The technology of "reanimation" of rubber parts:

• fill the container with medical alcohol;
• put in alcohol a part that needs to be restored for several hours;
• after the specified time, check the condition of the product, if it is soft enough, remove the element from the solution and wash it with warm soapy water;
• rub glycerin into the surface of the part using a sponge (cloth);
• remove any remaining glycerine from the surface of the product.

Instead of glycerin, it is allowed to use automobile oil, it is rubbed into the surface of the product, then the part is kept for half an hour before use. During this period, the rubber becomes sufficiently elastic.

1. Castor oil and silicone. Let's make a reservation right away - this method allows you to quickly "reanimate" the old rubber, but the recovery effect will not last long, after a few days the product will become solid. For this method, follow the sequence:

• smear the part with silicone;
• wait 10 minutes;
• after the specified time, the part can be used.

Note: a similar effect is achieved by using castor oil. It is rubbed into the surface of the part, after which it becomes soft and elastic.

Heating is an effective method

Container with prepared water for boiling rubber products

There are situations when the rubber element is difficult to remove from structural parts due to its hardening. You can achieve the desired result by heating the rubber with a stream of hot air using a hair dryer. When exposed to high temperature, the material will become softer, it can be pulled out of the part.

Too "hardened" element is softened by boiling in salted water. The technology is as follows:

• fill the container with salted water;
• let the liquid boil;
• place the rubber element in boiling water for 10 minutes;
• remove the rubber and quickly use it for its intended purpose.

This method is quite effective, but has a short-term effect. When it cools down, the rubber becomes stiff again.

Conclusion

You can soften the rubber in the above ways. In this case, it is necessary to take into account: a long-term effect after restoration, has a method with kerosene. Rubber, after its application, remains soft and elastic for a long time, because the structure of the material changes. Other methods do not allow to achieve such a result.

Rubber is considered one of the most common materials today. Over time, the main characteristics can be significantly reduced. A fairly common question is how to soften the rubber. A similar procedure can be performed independently at home, it is important to follow all the recommendations.

Do-it-yourself rubber restoration

All materials lose their performance over time. Often you can find a situation where the rubber becomes too hard and loses its elasticity. If desired, you can restore the basic properties of the material, it is not necessary to throw it away. Rubber can be softened in a variety of ways. Among the features of this issue, we note the following points:

1. Rubber cuffs and seals of some devices lose their basic properties over time. In this case, you can buy new consumables, since their cost is relatively low.
2. Some elements are difficult to find on sale, due to their unusual shape and properties. In this case, softening can be carried out using various common technologies.

There are quite a number of different ways to soften rubber, the most common is the use of kerosene.

What is needed to restore the elasticity of rubber?

Rubber is considered one of the most resilient materials. It is for this reason that it is used in the manufacture of various seals. After the seal ceases to be affected by the load, it is able to return to its dimensions. This moment determines the spread of the question of how to restore the elasticity of rubber. Over time, this property is also lost. If the surface is worn too much, cracks appear, due to which the insulating qualities are significantly reduced.

You can soften rubber at home using common substances. The most commonly used substances are:

1. Kerosene can easily restore the elasticity index. This substance is ideal for processing small products; you can soften them by soaking them.
2. Ammonia can be used to soften the structure. To do this, it is enough to create a small bath in which the product is lowered for several hours.

When soaking rubber in a recovery liquid, it should be borne in mind that the material can increase significantly in size. To remove the substance from the surface, the product is thoroughly washed with soap and water.

In some cases, hot water can be used to soften the rubber. This method is used to restore the insulation of the doorway of the refrigerator. You can enhance the effect achieved by wetting the surface with silicone.

Seals from the material in question are also used in the manufacture of windows. To improve the insulating qualities of the rubber bands, they are wiped with silicone and glycerin from time to time. Such substances can be purchased without any problems.

How to give elasticity to rubber?

1. Rigidity increases if the rubber is kept dry for a long time. Elasticity is restored by wetting the surface with oil. Softening is recommended to be carried out periodically to achieve the desired result.
2. Car wipers can be lubricated with silicone grease, due to which the surface is softened. Of course, it is possible to restore the old structure only if there are no mechanical defects.

In addition, on sale you can find special compounds that can soften the structure after application.

How to soften rubber at home?

At home, you can soften rubber by using various materials. The most widespread are:

1. Kerosene.
2. Castor oil and silicone.

High temperatures also cause the rubber to become softer, but the wear resistance decreases.

Kerosene

When considering how to soften rubber, many give the possibility of using kerosene. Such a substance is able to restore the elasticity index.

Application features are that the product is soaked in a special bath, after which the surface is thoroughly washed and dried. If the length of the product is large, then it can be rolled up. Aged in kerosene to soften for several hours, as kerosene does not act immediately.

This substance is widely used, it can also make the product softer. The procedure is as follows:

1. A container of a suitable volume is selected.
2. Ammonia is diluted in water to obtain the required solution.
3. The product is placed in the solution for an hour to soften.
4. After that, the softened element is taken out and washed with clean water.

Drying is carried out at room temperature. It should be borne in mind that high and low temperatures always negatively affect the condition of the rubber.

Silicone and castor oil

A short-term effect can be achieved if silicone and castor oil are used. Among the features of the application, we note the following points:

1. Silicone has only a temporary effect. It can be purchased in specialized stores.
2. After lubrication, you need to wait a while. Silicone can be absorbed into the structure, making it more elastic.

After half an hour, the rubber will be ready for use. It should be borne in mind that the achieved effect will be temporary. When considering how to soften such material, you can pay attention to castor oil.

Heating

In some cases, only a temporary softening is required, for example, when putting a hose on a nozzle. In this case, you can solve the problem by temporarily lowering the product into a hot bath. After some time exposure to high temperature, elasticity increases.

With prolonged use, the rubber can become dull. Problems can only be solved if the product is boiled. Significantly increase the effectiveness of the procedure by adding salt to the composition. Boiling is carried out until the moment when the surface becomes elastic.

If there are difficulties in removing the tubes and hoses, then the heating is carried out by exposure to a warm air stream. For this, a building or ordinary hair dryer can be used. When the high temperature air flow is concentrated in one place, plasticity increases significantly.

In conclusion, we note that only in the absence of defects can the restoration of the material be carried out. Some recommended methods may result in some performance degradation. That is why you need to follow all the recommendations.

Deformation is a change in the size or shape of a solid body under the influence of external forces. Applicable to tires, two types of deformations can be distinguished:

• functional deformation;
• Critical deformation.

Functional deformation is part of the scope of duties that a modern tire must perform. Namely, to deform, reducing the vibration and noise impact on the car and the driver, which occurs when the tire rolls on the road surface. The flexibility of the tire structure, as well as the correct pressure inside, allow the tire to perform this function without problems, while making a huge amount of deformation per unit of time without negative consequences.

Critical deformation It is precisely characterized by the fact that its consequence may be the complete or partial destruction of the tire, excluding its further use. Critical deformations include:

Warehouse;

Occurs when the car is parked for a long time;

As a result of driving with a pressure lower than recommended;

Shock with the destruction of the sidewall.

Tire deformation resulting from improper storage

The damage that a tire receives when the tire storage rules are violated is a fairly common operational damage that is not a consequence of the tire performing its functions. Among this type of critical deformation, the following tire damage occurs:

- bead ring fracture that occurs during long-term storage of herringbone tires. Unfortunately, storage in this way is a very common practice, although tire manufacturers recommend using it only for the limited time needed to transport tires. A bead ring fracture is a non-repairable defect, and it is not recommended to install such tires on rims.

How to avoid:

Carefully inspect new tires upon receipt: tire bead rings must have a strict round shape without minimal kink. In addition, during long-term storage, it is recommended to put the tires on the tread, in a vertical position, using special racks that do not damage the tires.

- tire curvature during storage in stacks . This method of storage is still common, and it is also especially dangerous for those tires that ended up at the bottom of the stack. And the higher this design, the more the lower tires suffer. Such storage can cause the tire to warp internally, which in turn can cause the tire to side-slip, as well as uncontrolled imbalance or vibration.

How to avoid:

Buy tires in and avoid those stores where there are a huge number of stacks of tires (more than four tires high) on the trading floor. Since the internal curvature of the tire cannot be seen with a visual inspection, and only a balancing machine will help identify the first signs of tire problems. Tire storage by the owner should also avoid stacking tires, even if the number of tires is limited to four.

Tire deformation that occurs when the car is parked for a long time

Few people know that tires can be damaged and from staying upright for a long time, with air inside. As a rule, this is possible when the car is parked in one place. This position deforms the tire, depriving it of a perfectly round shape. When driving on such a tire, vibrations and noise may occur. Non-repairable damage to the internal structure of the tire is also possible, especially for tires that have been in operation for a long time.

How to avoid:

The technical documents recommend limiting such extended stays to two days for fully loaded vehicles and to ten days for unladen vehicles. If you need a longer parking of cars, you should reduce the load on the tires using stands or moving the car.

Tire deformation due to low pressure driving

One of the most common forms of critical deformation is irreversible tire change, which occurs due to the operation of a tire with a low internal pressure. Due to this insufficiency, normal working deformations become redundant, and the tire walls, not designed for excessive bending, begin to heat up beyond measure. Thus, the destruction of the tire itself begins. First, the sealing layer is destroyed: it begins to bulge on the inner surface of the junction of the sidewall and the treadmill, then it peels off, and a rubber coating is formed. Then the sidewall, exposed to the carcass threads, begins to crack, and the air leaves the tire. Further driving on such a tire can lead to a complete separation of the sidewall from the tread.

How to avoid:

Monitor pressure. In addition to checking, you need to regularly change the valves, repair tires in a timely and high-quality manner, and prevent driving on damaged tires. Since all this can lead to a slow loss of pressure and to the appearance of a critical deformation of the tire.

Tire Deformation Under Shock Impact Load

At tire hitting a hole, hitting a foreign object on the road, tire deformation may occur, which can destroy the product at a time. If this happens at high speed, and the edges of the pit or object are sufficiently hard and sharp, then the chances of an instant destruction of the tire increase significantly. In such a situation, the sidewall of the tire is pinched between the rim and the surface, for example, in pits. The influence of other factors (speed, aggressiveness of the obstacle) leads to the appearance of an impact force that breaks several threads of the frame. The weakened part of the sidewall of the tire is easily deformed by internal pressure, and a hernia appears. Further operation of the tire is not recommended.. It is worth noting that sometimes the rupture of the carcass threads is accompanied by a rupture of the inner and outer layers of the sidewall of the tire, leading to a loss of pressure, which, of course, excludes further repair of the tire and its use.

How to avoid:

Cautiously, slowing down, drive through sections of the road with poor coverage, avoid hitting curbs and other foreign objects. If bad roads are a fairly common occurrence, then it will not be out of place to pay attention to technologies that protect tires from damage. For example, Michelin uses IronFlex technology for some of its models (, X-Ice North 3, X-Ice 3), which reduces the likelihood of damage to the sidewall of the tire during shock deformation. For the same purpose, a double carcass is used for off-road tires of the family, which also reduces the likelihood of premature tire failure due to damage to the carcass threads.

As soon as the tire manufacturers did not explain this sad fact. But all the "specialists' comments" usually came down to one thing: the owner of the car is to blame - he carelessly drives on rough roads; overloads the car, does not follow the angles of the wheels, tire pressure, balancing ...

A conscientious motorist, having read or heard something like this, is surprised: “I monitor the pressure, I don’t overload the car, the wheel alignment and balancing are in order ... As for “carelessness”, I didn’t even bend flimsy iron disks! And still I lost count of crooked tires. Others and 25 thousand weren’t cared for - the tread is still somewhere, but it’s impossible to drive. By the way, gentlemen, tire manufacturers, why does this almost never happen with the products of your foreign competitors?

Let's first of all remember why a tire - unlike, for example, a tube - retains its size and shape, even if it is overinflated? Yes, because, as everyone knows, it is not only made of rubber! The almost inextensible cord frame largely determines the strength, wear resistance, mechanical losses during rolling and a number of other important properties of the tire.

The modern radial tire (Fig. 1) owes its name to the fact that the cord threads of the main (from bead to bead) carcass 1 are located in radial planes and do not intersect, as in the previous diagonal ones. This cord is usually textile.

The crown zone of the tire, which experiences increased loads, is additionally reinforced by a power ring - a metal cord breaker 2. Its cord threads - cables twisted from several steel wires, with a brass coating for better adhesion, are not laid radially, but at a certain angle to the plane of rotation of the wheel several layers. The design is like a grid.

Its width almost corresponds to the tread, the ends of the threads are free - they are not tied to anything. But after vulcanization, the breaker is practically inextensible, although it is quite flexible. This allows the tire to roll normally. Such tires consume less energy (that is, fuel), the car with them is more manageable, their tread lasts longer, etc. But all these pluses are easily crossed out by one minus. It is worth breaking the bonds between the cord and rubber - and the breaker is bent. The tire, they say, went screw. And then, even with a still very decent tread, there is nothing left but to part with it.

BEGINNING OF THE END

The destruction of a tire hurts the car owner's pocket. Noticing that the car began to shake at low speed, an experienced motorist will become sad. Stop and check the wheels. Here it is the reason: one of the tires seemed to be bent!

Let's look at an example. An openwork bicycle wheel (Fig. 2) with thin spokes, however, has sufficient strength and a stable shape ... only under certain conditions, when all the spokes are of the same length and equally loaded (Fig. 2a). (More complex schemes are not considered here.) If at least one or two spokes burst, the symmetrical balance of forces is violated (Fig. 2b). Loads will begin to be redistributed, serviceable spokes pull the hub towards themselves, the wheel changes shape until a new balance of forces occurs. But now the spokes near the broken ones are heavily overloaded. And in turn, they can break. The wheel is deformed even more.

Approximately the same thing happens if the cord bursts. Or exfoliate from the rubber and "creeps". This tire is not suitable for use. It becomes a source of unrecoverable shaking (the naive try to "balance" it, not considering that an irregularly shaped wheel, even balanced, still shakes!), The curvature progresses, the tire collapses faster and faster, and this can end with an explosion on the go! (As a rule, an exhausted motorist throws out a tire much earlier.)

RISK FACTORS

Many do not even suspect that a single puncture often ruins a steel cord tire if dirty, salty water gets into the hole. As a rule, this happens to those who prefer wheels with cameras. They got used to acting like this: seal the camera and not think about the tire - well, what will happen to her! By the way, even textile cord can "rot" in its own way. And metal - even more so. Often, after a year, only rust reminds of the wires near the puncture site. ("By opening" such a tire and carefully cutting off the tread to the cord, this is easy to verify.). The breaker, which has lost part of the cord, is bound to bend - we have already named the reasons. The moral is simple: it is desirable to seal any tire puncture, although, of course, this is unnecessary trouble.

Another risk factor is air pressure. To follow him is in the interests of the owner. Reduced (most often the wheels are lowered by a loafer!) not only increases fuel consumption, reduces speed, etc., but also accelerates tire wear, in particular, the carcass cord and broker, which additionally "breaks" in a crumpled tire (Fig. 3). and suffers more from fatigue. In addition, during the operation of an under-inflated tire, much more heat is released - additional energy is spent on its deformation (and on internal friction between rubber layers). The tire heats up intensively, and when the temperature inside, between the layers, "goes off scale" over 120 ° C and crawls further, irreversible damage cannot be avoided. The strength of the cord, especially textile, is sharply reduced, bonds are destroyed, the tire is stratified.

The next enemy of the steel cord broker is a strong blow concentrated in a small area. If you run into a sharp stone at full speed, the advantages of the metal cord become disadvantages: the high modulus of elasticity of steel does not allow the wires to stretch a little for a moment, to smooth out the blow. And weakened by corrosion or wear, they can simply burst.

By the way, what kind of wear are we talking about? From the "killed" tire, with wires sticking out from under the tread, remove one with pliers. And take a look. It looks like a thin "gimlet"! Worn out by friction on neighboring ones. Let's calculate how many revolutions does the "Zhiguli" wheel make per kilometer of the way? About 600. And for 10 thousand? .. The bill went into millions? That's how many times, at least, the wire moved, rubbed against the neighboring ones! We don’t talk about bumps in the road that increase this score ...

This means that, like a car as a whole, an “older” tire is weaker than a new one and needs to be treated more carefully. The fact that a new, two-year-old one - even with a good, it seems, tread - will easily finish off. And do not forget about latent corrosion: some damage to the tire - in the form of deep cuts - exposes the cord, but the owner does not know about them, since there is no through hole.
In a word, those who are not spoiled by extra money should be attentive to the surprises of our roads. I left on a broken surface - immediately slow down. I saw a scattering of bottle fragments - try not to run over. And you ran over - check the tires: are they intact, are there pieces of glass sticking out of the tread? To remove them in time is sometimes to save the tire.

Gennady Ivanov "The process has begun ..."
Magazine "Behind the wheel", 2002 №3