Order of execution:
- We are horny from the start.
- About we stop the car in zone A
- In reverse, we drive into the parking lot in position 3 (In the diagram, the trajectory of movement is indicated by a yellow line.)
- From point A, move back until the rear right wheel is level with pillar B. (Pillar B will be visible in the right rear window of the car.)
- We turn the steering wheel almost completely to the right and continue to move back until we see the G-pillar in the left mirror.
- We continue to move back, leveling the car, at the same time watching the right wing of our car so that it does not touch the B pillar.
- Fully align the car, parallel to the dotted line, while the car should not cross this line.
Exercise number 2. Stopping and starting uphill.
With the scariest element for a beginner!
Order of execution:
Exercise number 3. snake
Order of execution:
- We start moving from the starting point, drive to the STOP point, avoiding obstacles (chips) along the path indicated by the yellow line.
- As soon as we crossed the start line, we sharply turn the steering wheel to the left.
- When crossing the right front wheel of an imaginary line (dashed line), we sharply turn the steering wheel to the right, exposing the car parallel to the imaginary line.
- When the right mirror is level with the second chip (opposite car B), we sharply turn the steering wheel to the right.
- As soon as the left front wheel crosses the imaginary line, turn left.
- Then we proceed according to the same algorithm.
- Do not forget after stopping at the STOP point, turn off the gear and put the car on the handbrake.
Exercise number 4. Boxing entry.
Order of execution:
- Having started the movement from the starting point, it is necessary to move according to the trajectory (orange line with an arrow) to install the car opposite the “box”. Vehicle position 2.
- At the first speed we go to the pillar A.
- When the right wheel is level with the A-pillar, turn left.
- We continue to drive to the left until we see in the left and right mirrors, respectively, pillars A and B.
- Moving in reverse (the trajectory is marked with a green line), we drive into “BOX”.
- We move in reverse, trying to keep the same distance between the car and the rack on one side and the other. We control this process in the side mirrors.
- When the car crosses the dotted line, we immediately stop and do not forget to take off the gear and put the car on the handbrake.
Exercise number 5. U-turn (courtyard).
Order of execution:
- From the starting point, we move to point A until the right wheel is at the level of the A-pillar.
- Fully turning the wheels to the left and moving to the B-pillar.
- A meter to the B-pillar, we begin to slow down and turn the steering wheel to the right.
- We stop at runoff B.
- Turn the steering wheel fully to the right.
- By controlling the movement in reverse in the mirrors (you can turn back), we move to point B and stop.
- Turning the steering wheel to the left, we drive up to the STOP point.
- We go to neutral and put on the handbrake.
Not everyone succeeds in passing the traffic police exam with excellent marks the first time. But you want to get the coveted driver's license as soon as possible. To cope with excitement, to thoroughly prepare for theory and practice is necessary for everyone who intends to perform perfectly all the exercises on the circuit.
The traffic police exam consists of a theoretical and practical part. The delivery of the first is to test knowledge of traffic rules, on the topic of providing medical care, car devices, and so on. For most examinees, these questions do not cause difficulties. And the practical part is exercises on the circuit, which will show the ability to park, drive into the garage, and so on.
Exercises on the circuit
To date, five tasks are being carried out at the autodrome. Exam exercises are called as follows:
- "Reversal".
- "Flyover at the autodrome".
- "Snake".
- "Parallel Parking"
- "Reverse Entry".
The principle of performing the elements of a practical exam on a circuit may at some points differ from what the instructor taught. All the nuances depend on the arrangement of figures on the site, the dimensions of the car, the features of control and other things. However, if you generally follow all the elements correctly and take into account the instructions of your teacher, then most likely you will pass the exam successfully the first time.
"Flyover"
The initial position for execution on the autodrome - the car is stopped at the "Start" strip. In first gear, you reach the first stop line, press the clutch and stop. Without removing your feet from the clutch and brake pedals, put the car on the handbrake. After that, release the brake and press the gas. At the same time, you need to monitor the speed on the tachometer. As soon as they have grown to two thousand, the gas pedal is fixed, and the clutch is gently released.
Then the speed drops to one thousand. The clutch is fixed. The handbrake is released. At the same time, squeeze the gas again up to two thousand revolutions. Release the clutch slowly. Then you drive the car to the second stop line, still holding two thousand revolutions. Completely disengage the clutch, while the transmission is neutral. The car is placed on
"Garage"
Exercise garage or entry to the box starts from the start line. In first gear, the car moves to the first flag. It symbolizes the wall of the building. The front right wheel should be just behind the mark, but not on a par. Then turn the steering wheel to the left and keep moving. You stop when you see two flags in the left side mirror, indicating the beginning and end of the garage. Now the steering wheel must be turned to the right. This is necessary so that the front wheels of the vehicle become straight.
Squeeze out the clutch, start moving in reverse. It is convenient to monitor the correct trajectory of the car on the rear-view mirror, or you can turn back. It is necessary to stop the car after the first flags (symbolizing the beginning of the garage) are in front of the front fender. The vehicle is transferred to neutral gear and put on the handbrake.
"Snake"
Exercise "Snake" requires care and accuracy. The initial position is at the start line. The movement starts in first gear. When performing this element, you will have to navigate by the marks on the site, the wheels and mirrors of the car. Turn the steering wheel to the right until the left wheel of the vehicle crosses an imaginary line on which there are flags. After that, the steering wheel immediately begins to rotate in the opposite direction so that the car becomes parallel to the set marks. Immediately after the left mirror has become on a par with the flag, which symbolizes the beginning of a new turn, you need to start turning
Continue driving until the right front wheel crosses an imaginary straight line between the flags at the start of the left turn. Then the trajectory is aligned. When the right mirror reaches the next mark, turn the steering wheel to the right. With the help of such turns, you overcome the remaining distance between the flags, gradually approaching the finish line. The car must be stopped before the stop line. We set the lever to the neutral position, the vehicle - to the parking brake. Exercise "Snake" is considered completed.
"Reversal"
This element is considered the easiest in the practical exam at the circuit. The exercise area is limited. The length is equal to three car bodies plus one meter. Width - two cases. Initial position - drive up to the start line. Stop. Downtime should not exceed thirty seconds. You start moving. The front right wheel of the car should be as close as possible to the edge of the site. Your vehicle should come to a stop with its front wheels approximately in the middle of the boundary.
Then turn the steering wheel as far to the left as possible. So you change the direction of the wheels. Start moving to the opposite border. Stop. Now turn the steering wheel all the way to the right. Drive in reverse until there is enough free space in front of your vehicle to complete the element. An exercise is considered completed after you have reached the finish line. It is worth noting that there is no need to drive to the completion lane at a right angle. It is more important not to cross this border.
"Parallel Parking"
Exercise "Parking" on the circuit begins, like the rest, from the starting line. In first gear, drive forward and stop so that the left front flag is behind the rear right wheel of the car. Stop. Next, depress the clutch and drive in reverse, while turning the steering wheel one turn to the right.
The movement continues until the rear left wheel of the vehicle crosses an imaginary line between the front and rear left flags. Stop. Turn the steering wheel all the way to the left. Start moving backwards again. Stop it after the car has become exactly between the cones. Now disengage the clutch, the gear lever moves to the neutral position. The car is put on the parking brake.
New exercises
In connection with the new regulations of 2016, the list of examination exercises has expanded. Previously, three elements were performed at the autodrome. Most often it was "Flyover" and two exercises selectively. After the introduction of the new rules, the exam has already included five elements (for passing on a regular site), six if it is automated.
The list of exercises under the new regulations is as follows:
- "Flyover".
- maneuvering in confined spaces. This exercise consists of three parts - a 90° turn, "Snake" and a turn in a limited area. For delivery, two parts out of three are selected.
- Reverse movement.
- Boxing entry.
- "Parking" (entry and exit). Stop for boarding / disembarking passengers.
- Directions (when passing the exam on an automated circuit).
What to pay attention to if you studied according to the old rules?
The new regulation has its own grading system, the number of attempts and the time to complete the exam. So, according to the old rules, the exam is considered not completed if there are five or more penalty points. Also, to complete the three elements, four attempts are given and the right to make a mistake in one of them (that is, roughly speaking, not to pass one exercise). Now, according to the new regulations, the traffic police exam has received the following changes:
- All elements are performed in one trip, and not separately, as before.
- There is a time limit. Now it takes about ten minutes to complete.
- There is no chance to make a mistake and re-execute the element.
- The scoring system has been abolished. Now the regulations clearly describe cases when the examinee did not pass the test (for example, stalled three times - did not pass).
- Cones are used instead of flags on the circuit. They are significantly lower. They are harder to find. Therefore, if you were taught by flags, then before passing the exam it makes sense to practice on the site with cones.
- The new regulation has stricter distances. For example, according to the new rules, you should stop at a distance of one meter from the stop line on the flyover. If you exceeded this distance even by five centimeters, the exercise does not count.
Few changes. But they are essential. Therefore, it would be advisable to study the new regulations and practice new exercises on the circuit.
The nuances of passing the exam on the circuit
Don't know how to submit? The autodrome is a complicated thing, but you can study it. You just need to be well prepared. Lots of information is provided in textbooks. Every future driver should master all the elements of the exam, because when traveling around the city in the future you will have to perform much more complex maneuvers.
In connection with the new rule - the time limit - it is necessary for all examinees to practice with a stopwatch before passing. Calculate how many minutes you can spend on a particular element, where it is possible to save a few seconds, and so on. It is important to feel confident, to be attentive. Be sure to concentrate on passing the exam. And only after a complete stop of the car, and the phrase "You passed" said by the inspector, you can relax and breathe a sigh of relief.
The autodrome is intended for working out with trainees exercises on initial training in driving on limited passages and overcoming obstacles. Practice shows that trainees receive solid and solid skills in those driving schools where there is a fully equipped race track, which is used to the maximum.
The lack of an autodrome has a negative impact on the learning process, complicates the work of instructors, and leads to simplification and conventions.
What, for example, leads to the development of initial exercises on starting a car from a place, on learning to shift gears, turns, turns and reverse not on the racetrack, but on the streets of the settlement?
- Firstly, the instructor focuses not on the sequence and clarity of the student's actions with control mechanisms, but on traffic safety in relation to pedestrians.
- Secondly, the constant readiness for action with the brake and clutch pedals prematurely tires the instructor.
More serious shortcomings are the development of driving exercises in limited passages outside the autodrome. Usually such classes are replaced by others. Let's take only one of the tasks - the passage of the overall tunnel. If for this purpose in the settlement you choose the entrance to one of the yards, which in its dimensions meets the required dimensions, then in this case there is no guarantee that the gate or the car will not be broken during training. And for such a task as driving along the overall eight, it is generally impossible to find a natural replacement.
Driving on limited lanes plays a very important role in preparing the trainee for driving a car on roads outside the city and in urban conditions, allows the instructor to explore the capabilities of the trainee and feel more confident with him when learning outside the circuit.
The above examples point to the need to have a racetrack in every educational organization involved in the training of drivers. This is also required by the Rules of the Road, which allow training driving on the roads only if the student has sufficient driving skills.
What should be the circuit? What are the requirements for its facilities?
The autodrome can be equipped both for practicing all the exercises of the driving training program, and for sporting events. But this will require significant funds and large land plots. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to equip the circuit for those exercises that cannot be practiced outside it. These include all exercises for initial training and for driving in limited passages, as well as exercises for overcoming various obstacles using cross-country means.
In accordance with the program for practicing driving exercises on the circuit you need to have about twenty different elements. Due to the fact that driving training is supposed to be carried out simultaneously in subgroups of up to 20 people and on two brands of cars, most of the elements must be available for each subgroup. Then the total minimum number of elements on the circuit will be about thirty. Based on this number of obstacles, their size and the need for simultaneous training on 15-16 cars, the area of the autodrome should be at least three hectares.
The general principle of autodrome equipment should be the same, namely: the ring route is located along the perimeter; railway platforms, an initial training site and facilities for practicing exercises to overcome various obstacles - along the inner side of the ring route; the rest of the elements, including those for practicing driving exercises in limited lanes, are in the center of the autodrome, and preferably in a row.
Scheme of individual elements of the autodrome with an indication of their dimensions in meters.
For convenience, the following conventions are used in the calculations:
Rgab. - overall turning radius (at the point of the car, the most distant from the center of rotation);
D - overall length;
W - overall width;
B - overall height;
K - front wheel track;
B - base.
Ring route Designed for practicing initial training exercises: starting off, driving in a straight line and stopping the car, driving with gear shifting in ascending and descending order of braking, reversing, turning, stopping at a given place, towing. The ring route should be considered the main road on the autodrome.
It is equipped along the perimeter of the autodrome and, if the ground is soft, it is asphalted or compacted with gravel. The width of the carriageway is 6 m. Landmarks are set along the entire length, stop lines are applied, sidewalks are marked, and, if necessary, a railway crossing is equipped. If there are no intersections in the settlement regulated by a traffic light or a traffic controller, they should also be equipped on the ring route. The ring route can be used to set up figures in high-speed maneuvering competitions.
Directly adjacent to the ring route primary training ground, designed to work out in stationary conditions the first two exercises of the program, that is, familiarization with the controls and control devices; learning techniques for joint action with pedals and a gear lever; preparing the car for work; starting and stopping the engine; starting off. In addition, the site is used as a starting point when practicing any driving exercise, for changing trainees, for setting up figures during high-speed maneuvering competitions. The site is expected to accommodate 18 training vehicles at the same time. Its most appropriate dimensions are 70 X 15 m. In case of soft soil, the site is asphalted or well compacted.
Along the inner side of the ring route, facilities for working out, exercises to overcome various obstacles: left and right slopes, hill, ditches with gauge bridges, funnels.
In order to give an aesthetic appearance, the roadway through the slopes and the hill is marked on the right and left with the help of small painted posts and compact if necessary.
In the center of the autodrome, obstacles are set up for practicing driving exercises in limited lanes. Separately, for each brand of car, they equip:
- overall tunnel,
- size eight,
- snake
- large patio,
- boxing,
- flyover,
- boards,
- turning points
And common to all brands of cars- loading area and railway platforms.
Roadway limited driveways in soft ground compact or asphalt. The height of the installed limiters should be at the level of the platform of the vehicle for which the structures are being equipped.
Dimensional tunnel can be made in two versions. The simplest is the installation of poles with rotating stops. In the second option, a gate is installed, to the upper rungs of which poles are hung on hooks. To prevent the poles from swinging in the wind, it is necessary to hold special rubber guys from them to the ground.
Dimensions between inner and outer diameters overall figure eight must be defined between delimiters. Therefore, when marking the overall figure-eight on the ground, first, according to the established dimensions, the contours of the inner and outer sides of the figure-eight for limiters are determined, and then, at some distance from them, they outline and install poles to which the limiters are attached.
pillars snakes must be installed in the disks of decommissioned wheels, which will prevent a car from colliding with them, since the radius of the disk is slightly larger than the distance between the protruding parts of the car and the outer part of the front and rear wheels. Therefore, before the car hits the pole with its wing or side, the wheel will hit the disk.
IN yard the rear and adjacent side walls (to the middle) are equipped with poles and a cable stretched between them with metal colored flags attached to it. The height of the cables must be at the level of the vehicle platform. The presence of cables simplifies the construction and allows the instructor to control the correct performance of the exercise by the trainee.
IN boxing the rear wall is a cable stretched between the posts at the level of the light platform with metal colored flags attached closer to the edges. The entrance and side walls are marked with poles with rotating limiters mounted on them to set a given size.
When equipped flyovers or a track bridge, in some driving schools, instead of safety bars, solid metal limiter ribs are installed along the roadway from the inside, preventing the car from leaving. Such a constructive solution makes it easier to overcome the obstacle. in order to prevent the car from rolling, the overpass must be equipped with safety bars along the entire length, including on slopes.
To work out the tasks of stopping the car in a given place, apply boards, which are laid parallel to each other at a distance equal to the track of the front wheels of the car. The length of the boards should be within 8-10 m, and the width should be 0.25 m. Instead of boards, concrete slabs of appropriate sizes can be laid.
Railway platforms it is advisable to place it near the ring route, which will allow more economical use of the autodrome area. Platforms must have boards. When equipping a railway crossing, it is desirable that its rails be a continuation of the rails on which the platforms are installed.
loading area(height 1.2 m, width 2.5-3 m, length 5-6 m) in order to save space, they are equipped directly at the railway platforms. To mitigate possible impacts of the car on the platform, rubber stops are installed on the side walls or tires are hung on the side walls.
Near each element of the autodrome at a distance of 1-2 m on the right, racks 1.7 m high. In the upper part of the rack, a circle with a diameter of 40 cm is strengthened, and under it - a rectangular plate measuring 30X20 cm. The circle is painted white on both sides, and a red border is made on the front side. In the center of the circle, the serial number of the element is put down in numbers 15 cm high. The rectangular plate is painted yellow. It indicates the name, scheme and main dimensions of the element. All inscriptions and images are done in black. It is advisable to equip autodromes, especially in small towns and villages, with road signs as much as possible, which will contribute to their speedy assimilation by trainees in conditions close to real.
In any variant of the construction of the autodrome, its equipment must be stationary.
Practice has shown that portable equipment is not fully installed, a lot of training time is spent on its placement, and they do not withstand the prescribed dimensions of obstacles.
In this article, we will look at one of the ways to complete the examination exercise Reversing into the box (garage).
The procedure for performing the exercise is reversing into the box (garage)
1. We start the exercise from the START line, move parallel to the line of the AB racks as close as possible to it.
When pillar A is level with the first third of the window (on another car, a mirror can be a reference), we stop (as in the exercise "", when a certain skill is reached, you can not stop at the intermediate stages of execution).
2. Turn the steering wheel to the leftmost position, move at low speed, without crossing the line of cones EF, stop.
3. We look in the side rear-view mirrors, determine from which side the distance from the side line of the car to the first pillars is greater. In the direction of a greater distance, it will be necessary to turn the wheels.
In our case, the distance from the right pillar B is greater, we do not see the pillar A in the left mirror at all.
4. We turn the steering wheel to the extreme right position, slowly move back, when the distances from the side lines of the car to the first pillars on the right and left are the same, we stop.
Rice. 5
If the starting position shown in Fig. 2 was successful, then the line of the AC (and BD) pillars will be parallel to the line of the body.
We make the wheels straight, move back until the front dimension of the car crosses the line of the pillars AB, we stop (an auxiliary landmark is the G pillar at the level of the window edge). Put in neutral and handbrake.
Rice. 6
If the starting position turned out to be, for example,
then when moving towards the cones EF, the car will be in this position:
Rice. 8
The distance to the right is greater, which means we turn the steering wheel to the right, start moving back, when L1 is equal to L2, we stop.
Rice. 9
We make the wheels straight, move back until the rear wheel is on the line of the AB racks, stop.
Rice. 10
We look in the mirrors, determine from which side the distance from the sidewalls of the car to the last C and D pillars is greater in that direction and turn the wheels, in our case to the right. We move back until the car is parallel to the line of the AC pillars,
Rice. eleven
make the wheels straight, finish the exercise.
On the other hand, the exercise Reversing into the box (garage) is performed similarly.
If you see that you do not fit into the box, you can return to the EF cones and repeat the race.
Exam errors in the exercise Reversing into the box (garage)
Gross errors - 5 penalty points
- He knocked down elements of marking equipment or crossed the line of horizontal marking of the site.
- Did not cross the "STOP" line (according to the projection of the front clearance of the vehicle).
Medium errors - 3 penalty points
- I could not enter the box with a one-time reverse gear.
- Did not shift into neutral after stopping with the engine running.
- Did not apply the parking brake after stopping at the STOP line.
Minor mistakes - 1 penalty point
- During the exercise, the engine stalled.
