Were our ancestors so thin and short?! In the GAZ-MM, better known as the “lorry”, you don’t sit down - you climb in, squeeze in. It is impossible to accommodate comfortably: the seat is a narrow shop, a thin pillow of which, under the weight of the driver, is pressed through to the frame, the roof hangs so low that tall riders push through the canvas ceiling with their crowns. The pedals are suspended too high, the steering wheel is almost vertical... You don't sit in the legendary car, you exist. Hunched over, shrunk, tensed up.
As you can see, sitting in a "lorry" is really uncomfortable! But if today's drivers complain about tightness, then contemporaries considered the primitive seat to be the main drawback of the car. Here is a letter from the driver Ermakov to the magazine “Behind the Rulem”, dated 1935: “The driver can only lean on his back with his shoulders, and his back remains tense, he soon gets tired, and with long-term work, the possibility of a curvature of the spine is not excluded ... "
To start the engine, you need to do a whole ritual. We open the gas tank tap (the latter is located directly under the windshield), turn the tiny key, turn on the ignition, squeeze the clutch with our left foot, so heavy that we have to lean on the whole body, and press the starter button with the toe of the right foot, lightly with the heel (and only slightly - otherwise you will flood candles!) melting the accelerator pedal ... That is, if the starter works - they rarely served longer than six months. Usually the motor was started in a “crooked way”, that is, with a crank.
Gorky trucks, being the most mass cars USSR mobiles accounted for more than half of the Red Army fleet. On June 21, 1941, there were more than 150 thousand "one and a half" in the army ranks. Since the beginning of the war, the transport accounting departments of the military registration and enlistment offices called into service tens of thousands of vehicles that worked for the needs of the national economy
Grumbled, gurgled in-line four! On an empty car, you need to start off in second gear, but it’s better to save first for difficult conditions and full load - at gear ratio 6.4 on asphalt there is nowhere to use it. Short acceleration, after which grandfather's is required double release: depress the clutch - turn on the neutral - release and squeeze the clutch - cut in the third. On the third one, you can drive as if on an “automatic”, because the engine pulls “from idle to the very outskirts”. However, it is impossible to determine where these outskirts are located - there is no tachometer.
And only when you accelerate well, you turn on the “fourth”. If you believe the factory data, the GAZ-MM is capable of accelerating up to 80 km / h. But already after the "forty" the engine is straining, the transmission howls, and you want to slow down. And not so much because of the sounds, but because of the fear - it's just scary to control the emmka! Imagine that the steering wheel makes 2.5 turns from lock to lock. Without amplifier. Each turn is a feat, a test of the strength of the biceps. And brakes without booster. Desperately press the pedal, but the deceleration is barely increasing. So you need to start braking strongly in advance, great straining the muscles of your right leg.
The advantages of the "one and a half" during the siege of Leningrad were especially evident. When the Germans cut off all land roads, on November 22, 1941, the first column of GAZ-AA and GAZ-MM trucks entered the ice. The ice road VAD-101 was unofficially called the "Road of Life". "Lorry" had a key advantage over the ZIS-5 and cars on its chassis - they were noticeably lighter, and therefore their drivers were less risky
By the way, as for the brakes. What is the difference between GAZ-MM and GAZ-AA? Many people think that this is a simplified "front" version of the "lorry", about the history of which: with a canvas cabin, one headlight and no front brakes. Not certainly in that way. In 1938, the GAZ-AA truck underwent a small upgrade, after which it received the MM index. The results of the update were a 50-horsepower engine instead of a 40-horsepower, reinforced mount rear springs, as well as new steering gear and cardan shaft. Outwardly, the cars of the "old" and "new" models did not differ.
GAZ-MM air defense troops: an anti-aircraft mount of four Maxim machine guns was mounted in a standard body. Since the machine gun constantly needed water for cooling, the machine was equipped with a pump, and in the combat crew, in addition to the shooter, a Red Army soldier who rotated the pump handle served. Trucks armed with such installations were used to fire at low-flying enemy aircraft.
But when the war began, the Gorky Automobile Plant went to the maximum simplification of the model - the upper pictures clearly show how the “peaceful” version differs from the “front-line” one. In order to save money, the muffler, bumpers, as well as the aforementioned right headlight and front brake mechanisms. Due to the lack of thin cold-rolled metal, the wings began to be made of roofing iron, and the cabin - first from wood, and then completely from tarpaulin. By the way, there is no stove here ... Only holes under the feet through which the engine radiates heat.
Since there were no special passenger bodies, ordinary cargo platforms were equipped with four removable transverse benches for transporting fighters, which accommodated 16 people. When the place of people was occupied by loads, the benches were laid on the bottom of the body. In the photo - GAZ-AA and GAZ-MM of the pre-war model (this can be seen from the rounded front fenders) leave for Red Square
This engine is dystrophic by today's standards, 50-horsepower, with an impressive volume of 3.3 liters. But thanks to a compression ratio of 4.6:1, it is able to consume almost any refined product. You just need to adjust the ignition timing to flammable liquid with which the gas tank is filled. The latter, as noted above, is located exactly under the windshield - fuel flows to the engine by gravity, without fuel pump! And if one "successful" bullet? And in front of you are 40 liters of gasoline, kerosene or ligroin ... Well, if you have time to jump out.
But there is no time to come up with a terrible thought - the brain is busy driving the car. You need to constantly and in advance think over when to turn, slow down, accelerate - everything is done for-ra-no-e! And you have to be strong. In all senses. How did young boys, and often girls, turn the heavy steering wheel and press the stone pedals? Yes, they didn’t just turn and press, but left the shelling, took out the wounded. I don't represent.
Among other Gaz classics, all generations of GAZ-MM are presented. In the middle is a pre-war car, on top is a truck from the times of the Great Patriotic War. The lower “lorry” is of the 1946 model: the right headlight, brakes and doors returned again, but the roof remained canvas, and the wings were angular. By the way, from 1946 to 1950. GAZ-MM was produced at the facilities of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, as described in the material ""
By the way, you will not envy the wounded. The one and only speed bump that we met during our test shook the truck so much that for a moment there was a feeling of light weightlessness! Well, of course, the suspension here is primitive, without shock absorbers, the springs are frail ... And how did the "one and a half" ride on the front roads pitted with craters? And in general, how did they, our fathers and grandfathers, fight on such machines? Shaking, uncomfortable, incredibly heavy and wayward to manage. But simple: GAZ-MM did not require any expensive spare parts, no complicated tool.
And do not think that the front-line drivers did not understand how the products Gorky Automobile Plant far from ideal. Survivors - then they said "reached", "managed" - drivers, changing to foreign cars that came under Lend-Lease, marveled at foreign comfort. But the "lorry", which received its nickname because of the carrying capacity of 1.5 tons, remained its own, dear, beloved. Because she survived. More precisely, she came and could. However, few copies have managed to reach our days. iconic car- from car fleets and car owners they were immediately written off for scrap. But only rare cars fortunate enough to become monuments or museum exhibits.
The GAZ-AA car, a "lorry", pre-war and wartime, has been produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant since 1932. The prototype of the model was the 1930 Ford AA, which was purchased by Soviet Union By license agreement. This is how the "one and a half" GAZ-AA appeared, which was subsequently modernized many times. The design of the car was simple and reliable. At that time, it was in its infancy, and a relatively inexpensive license to manufacture a truck turned out to be very useful.
The possibilities of the Gorky plant in terms of technical equipment were high, so they decided to start production at GAZ. It is characteristic that the car, produced under an American license, quickly switched to providing domestic components. It was easier to develop any unit on the spot than to order it overseas and wait months for deliveries. Thus, the process of assembling the "lorry" has become technologically advanced thanks to the efforts of Soviet engineers.
Modernization
"Lorry" GAZ-AA went to mass production in January 1932, and the assembly shops of the Gorky Automobile Plant immediately showed a high rate of truck production. 60 cars left the assembly line per day, and at the same time there was still the potential for acceleration. Soviet version different from American model on a number of parameters. Instead of a tin one, a cast clutch housing was installed, a worm gear was reinforced, and a air filter. The body was immediately redesigned, the onboard version was made according to domestic drawings. Later, Soviet designers developed a unique dump truck version of the "lorry", which differed in that the body did not need to be overturned. The cargo slid under its own weight along a specially designed bottom of the body. It was enough to open the tailgate.
Chassis
Design rear suspension"one and a half" was original and unusual. Semi-elliptical springs were located in a special way, in front of the beam rear axle so that their depreciation action took on a lever character. Thanks to this design, the rear suspension became compact and much more technologically advanced compared to full elliptical leaf springs. But this design had one drawback - when braking, the spring blocks took on multiple loads and often failed. The ladders loosened, and the spring sheets began to move relative to the longitudinal axis.
wooden cabin
Completely from accessories Soviet-made"one and a half" GAZ-AA has been assembled since 1933. The cabs of the first cars were made of wood, and starting from 1934, a metal module with a canvas roof was installed on the car.
Technological truck GAZ-AA was designed on a frame-type chassis, with spring suspensions. The complete absence of shock absorbers made the car unstable and hard. Nevertheless, the car successfully completed the tasks of transporting goods and rarely broke down. The GAZ-AA engines were distinguished by their unpretentiousness and high maintainability. They could run on the lowest grade petroleum products, low-octane gasoline and even kerosene in the hot season.
Flaws
The weakest point of the "lorry" was the starter and battery. Their service life barely reached six months, then the unit failed, and battery had to be repaired. Usually the car was started with a crank.
Another significant problem in operation of GAZ-AA there was a severe shortage of tires. It got to the point that the car was equipped not with four wheels, as it was supposed to according to the passport, but only with two, which caused the load capacity of the car to drop.
And yet, the "one and a half" was the most massive Soviet car in the prewar and war years. Chassis GAZ-AA it was also used for modified developments - these were ambulances, various tanks, light and acoustic installations, mobile repair "bats", anti-chemical, hygienic and sanitary auto laboratories, radio stations and early warning radio systems, charging and lighting stations and aircraft launchers.
Update
In 1938, the "one and a half" GAZ-AA received new engine GAZ-MM with a capacity of 50 liters. s., which was previously installed on the Molotovets-1 car under the designation GAZ-M1. Except upgraded motor"one and a half" was equipped with an improved steering mechanism and cardan shaft on Chassis was spring, without shock absorbers.
Since the "one and a half" is a technological machine, and its production was launched in a short time, the model became indispensable in the national economy of the USSR. At that time, the carrying capacity of a car within 1.5 tons was considered quite sufficient. During the harvest season, hundreds of vehicles were driven onto the fields, which quickly took out the crop for processing, and then returned to their fleets. The car "one and a half" was considered universal vehicle. He was infallible and unpretentious.
Car "one and a half", specifications
Machine layout: front-engine, rear-wheel drive.
Dimensions and weight parameters:
- vehicle length - 5335 mm;
- height - 1870 mm;
- width - 2030 mm;
- ground clearance, ground clearance - 200 mm;
- wheel base - 3340 mm;
- curb weight - 1750 mm.
Power point
Has the following characteristics:
- engine brand - "GAZ-A";
- type - gasoline;
- configuration - four-cylinder, in-line;
- working volume - 3285 cubic meters;
- maximum power - 40 l. With.;
- torque - 1200 rpm at 165 Nm;
- cylinder, diameter - 98.43 mm;
- compression ratio - 4.22;
- piston stroke - 87 mm;
- cooling system - water;
- block head - cast iron;
- cylinder block - cast iron;
- number of cycles - 4;
- maximum speed - 70 km / h;
Transmission - mechanical, four-speed gearbox.
"Lorry" - universal machine
In addition to the usual ones, the Gorky Automobile Plant produced a dump truck modification of the GAZ-C1. The principle of operation of this machine was quite unusual. The cargo in the body was initially located so that its mass pressed on the tailgate, which was locked with a simple stopper. The loader or driver opened the lock, and the mass of building material fell out under its own weight. Then the empty box was locked again.
"The road of life"
A huge number of books have been written about the participation of the GAZ-AA car ("one and a half") in the war of 1941-1945. But the most important historical route, which cruised legendary car, there was a "road of life" laid on ice Lake Ladoga. It was the only way to connect besieged Leningrad with the outside world.
Only light GAZ-AA could pass through the ice. A military "lorry" with darkened headlights carefully passed the distance under the fire of German artillery, delivering food to the besieged city. Many cars went under the ice, but still the city was not saved in last turn thanks to the dedication of the legendary "lorry".
After the start of the Second World War, the Gorky Automobile Plant began to produce military trucks in a simplified version. There was a shortage of cold-rolled metal, as well as a lack of a number of components. The military "lorry" did not have doors - canvas screens were installed instead, the front fenders were made of ordinary roofing iron. The brakes were only on the rear wheels, one headlight illuminated the road. The side walls of the body did not recline.
End of production
Only by 1944 did it take on a normal shape, wooden doors, front brakes, a second headlight and folding side boards appeared. After the end of the war, the "lorry" was again produced in large quantities, since the country needed transport. GAZ-AA production continued until 1956. And on the roads, these cars could be found until 1960, until the outdated car was replaced by the GAZ-51.
GAZ-MM - soviet truck, which was produced by the Gorky Automobile Plant. The people called it "one and a half" because of the carrying capacity of 1.5 tons. The car is an improved version of "AA". The main difference is more powerful engine. There were no external differences between the two models.
General information about GAZ-MM
The car was produced for a long time, and in different years enterprises from all over the country were involved in the assembly. Gorky plant produced MM from 1937 to 1948. In the 47th year of the last century, production capacity was transferred to UAZ (until 1956). For the first two years, it was not possible to fully launch the conveyor with an improved truck. The reason was the shortage of the required power units, which went to more priority cars in the pre-war years: AAA and BA-10. Mass production launched in 1940, which lasted until 1956.
There is unofficial information that from 1950 to 1956, new cars were not assembled in Ulyanovsk, but the old ones were carefully repaired, equipping them with new parts.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War due to lack of resources, engineers switched to the production simplified version, which received the index MM-V. On its basis, they managed to create several modifications. The cabin in those years was made of wood, a tarpaulin was installed on the roof. In the 42nd year, several large parties were deprived of doors, replacing them with canvas protective valves. Angled wings were made from any suitable iron, simply bending it to the desired shape. After the end of the war, the wing production technology was not changed.
A large number of working copies of the GAZ-MM were in service with the Red Army until 1962. This year, a decree was issued banning the operation of vehicles with mechanical drive brakes, as a result of which all models were written off.
Over the entire history of production, they managed to release about 200 thousand copies. Transport was one of the most popular in the Red Army. It was appreciated for its simplicity of design, thanks to which drivers could carry out prompt repairs in the field. The quality of many power units left much to be desired, so there were frequent breakdowns.
GAZ-MM design
The GAZ-MM car, like its predecessor, was distinguished by a simple design. The transport was based on a frame chassis with leaf spring suspension. In those years, most small trucks were assembled according to this scheme. The cockpit plumage was taken from the GAZ-A and adapted for a lorry.
Description of technical characteristics:
- Length - 5.2 m;
- Width - 2 m;
- Height - 1.9 m;
- Ground clearance - 20 cm;
- Wheelbase - 3.3 m;
- Wheel formula - 4x2;
- Weight - 1.75 t;
- Motor power - 50 hp;
- The maximum speed is 70 km/h.
The main difference from AA was the new power point. The GAZ-MM engine has undergone improvements, thanks to which the engineers managed to increase the power from 40 to 50 Horse power. The motor remained the same unpretentious. The standard fuel was AI-52 gasoline, but drivers often refueled the car with kerosene. As lubricants used autols and nigrols used in industry. power unit worked together with mechanical box gears, which had four steps - three forward and one reverse.
The rear suspension and transmission arrangement was unique. The push pipe acted as a longitudinal thrust. Inside it was a cardan shaft closed type, which in the improved model has become stronger. The main disadvantage of this design was the constant contact of the beam with the bronze bushing. Because of this, the latter quickly lost its quality and failed. The designers also improved the front suspension. They changed the mount jet thrust, resulting in increased stock of working resource. But you can’t call a significant increase: during the war years, the truck was operated with constant overload, which led to fatal breakdowns.
The starters were battery operated. During the Second World War, they were in severe shortage, moreover, they often broke down. With great luck, they served a little more than six months. In order not to waste time replacing the starter, the drivers started the transport using the handle. TO weak points Tires were assigned, the stock of the working resource of which did not exceed 8-9 thousand kilometers. The wheels had a size of 6.00-520.
Despite the lack of resources, GAZ-MM and AA became the most popular cars in the pre-war and war years. The number of produced copies of both models and their varieties amounted to a little less than a million. Many types of equipment were assembled on the basis of the chassis special purpose used for military and commercial purposes. Many technical knots unified when creating new combat vehicles, light tanks, BA-6 and BA-10.
GAZ-MM modifications
On the basis of GAZ-MM, Gorky specialists car factory developed several varieties:
- MM-V is a simplified version of the truck. During the first years of the war, due to severe lack materials, the car was deprived of a roof and doors (a tarpaulin was used instead). After 1944, the wooden roof and doors were returned to the transport. To speed up the assembly process, the muffler, bumper and front brakes were abolished in the technique. Headlight and wiper left only with driver's side. The tailgate leaned back at the body;
- 410 (1938-1950) - a dump truck built on the MM chassis. It carried loads weighing up to 1,200 kilograms and had a self-unloading function. The platform was made of metal. There is no data on the number of specimens collected;
- 42 (1938-1949) - the standard 50-horsepower engine was replaced with a gas generator. Wooden chocks were used as fuel, which made it possible to develop power up to 38 horsepower. The truck carried up to 1,000 kilograms of cargo. 150-200 kg of load capacity were taken away by a stock of chocks;
- 43 (1938-1941) - similar previous version. The dimensions of the engine were reduced, coal was used as fuel. The modification did not receive wide distribution, being limited to small batches;
- 44 (1939) - a model that ran on liquefied petroleum gas. Fuel tanks were placed under cargo platform. In 1939, one small series rolled off the assembly line;
- 60 (1938-1943) - half-track version. The caterpillar was made according to the rubber-metal type. The standard bridge was responsible for the drive to it. The car was used to travel through snowy regions;
- 65 (1940) - the most unsuccessful development of Gorky specialists within this family. An experimental batch of vehicles with a caterpillar-wheel drive did not cope with a single field test. It also had a high fuel consumption, which was not allowed during the war years (60 liters per 100 km);
- 03-30 (1938-1950) - a bus designed for 17 passengers. Engaged in production subsidiary GAZ - Gorky Bus Plant. The body was based on a wooden frame trimmed with metal panels. It was the most popular bus in the pre-war and post-war years;
- 55 (1938-1950) - the most massive ambulance, which was in service with the Red Army. Engineers improved the design and redesigned the body. The maximum capacity is 10 people.
Many varieties have become widespread. Technology made an invaluable contribution to the victory in the Second World War and to help restore the Union in the post-war years.
The peak of glory of the GAZ-MM lorry
The car became a legend during the Great Patriotic War. The truck was considered the most common in the USSR. After the outbreak of hostilities, all specimens from the national economy were called into service with the Red Army. The number of working machines in the middle of 1941 was 151 thousand. MM was used to supply various units and factories with resources throughout the country.
Technology made the greatest contribution to the passage of the blockade of Leningrad. In November, the enemy blocked all roads leading to the city, as a result of which it became impossible to supply resources. On November 22, the first convoy of trucks with food left for Leningrad along the "Road of Life" passing through Lake Ladoga.
Freight transport traveled a long distance under constant enemy fire. Despite the difficult working conditions, the transportation of resources took place every day until the end of winter. The thickest sections of ice were marked for ease of movement, on severe frost there were traffic controllers responsible for coordinating the movement in the event that cars got into polynyas and cracks. Some drivers removed the doors from the hinges in order to emergency could quickly leave the transport.
The Road of Life worked practically until the end of April. In the middle of this month, the temperature rose to +15 degrees Celsius, because of which the ice began to actively melt. The road surface began to be covered with water (in some places the depth was 45 cm), but this did not stop the lorry on the way to fulfilling its tasks. Officially, movement on the lake was stopped on April 21, but some drivers continued to transport food and evacuate the city's residents until April 24. During the winter, numerous GAZ-MM transported a little more than 361 thousand tons of payload (of which 262 thousand tons were food).
What can be the conclusion?
GAZ-MM is a legendary transport that will forever remain in the history of our state. Each celebration of the date of the end of the siege of Leningrad is not complete without mentioning this truck which saved the lives of tens of thousands of people. The drawings of the car were not preserved in the archives of the Gorky Automobile Plant. The only surviving copy can be viewed at the Museum of Patriotic military history, which is located in the village of Padikovo, Moscow region.
If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.
02. GAZ-MM (one and a half) - a truck of the Gorky Automobile Plant with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons (1500 kg), which was a modernized version lorry GAZ-AA produced since 1932.
03. In 1938, the truck was modernized and received a 50-horsepower GAZ-MM engine - exactly the same as that installed on the GAZ-M1 passenger car, reinforced suspension, new steering and cardan shaft.
Explicit external differences between GAZ-AA and GAZ-MM was not.
04. GAZ-MM was produced at GAZ - 1938-1946, and at UAZ - 1947-1949.
In 1942-1945, GAZ produced a simplified version of a lorry - GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) with various options configuration (the MM-B index is unofficial, the MM-13 index was used at the front).
In total, since 1932, about 985,000 copies of GAZ-AA, GAZ-MM and their derivatives have been produced, including during 1941-45. - 138,600 copies.
By the beginning of World War II, the Red Army had 151,100 vehicles of these models.
05. After the start of World War II, due to the lack of thin cold-rolled steel and a number of components supplied by third-party enterprises, GAZ was forced to switch to the production of a simplified military truck GAZ-MM-V, in which the doors were replaced by triangular side fences and roll-up canvas doors.
The wings were made of roofing iron by simple bending.
There were no brakes on the front wheels, a muffler, a bumper.
The side boards were non-folding.
Only one headlight and one wiper left (installed only on the driver's side).
On the pedestal is a version with a metal cabin, a bumper, two headlights, straight fenders and non-folding sides.
It seems that during the restoration they did not bother with the locks and hinges of the sides. 
06. Tires with low mileage were especially scarce,
therefore, during the war, lorries often left the assembly line with only two rear wheels,
that is, with a single rear axle busbar, which, accordingly, reduced the carrying capacity. 
07. For all its simplicity, the car was technically quite perfect.
On it was installed four-cylinder engine working volume of 3285 cu. cm, which at 2600 rpm developed a power of 50 liters. With.
He transmitted his power to the drive axle through a single-disk dry friction clutch and a four-speed gearbox.
The carrying capacity of the car with its curb weight of 1810 kg was one and a half tons.
This is where his nickname "one and a half" comes from.
Despite this, the "one and a half" were almost always operated with a significant overload and often carried up to three tons.
A scarce starter with a battery was distinguished by a low resource - rarely on which machine they served for more than six months.
Therefore, in actual operation, the car was started with a "crooked starter", that is, with a crank. 
08. Due to the extremely low compression ratio of only 4.25, low-octane gasoline was used as fuel, which was very important in those years.
The fact is that the Soviet industry did not produce high-octane fuel, and even planes flew on gasoline with octane rating in 70 units.
"Lorry" could also ride on tractor naphtha and lighting kerosene.
petrol tank installed in front of the front wall of the cabin.
Fuel from it entered the carburetor by gravity.
The fuel range was 215 km.
The tank cap is visible directly under the windshield in the center of the hood. 
09. Wheel suspension was dependent.
The front wheels were suspended on a single transverse semi-elliptical spring with push rods that transferred loads to the frame.
The picture clearly shows that the monument has an engine, gearbox, transmission, muffler, brake cables in place.
Perhaps the car can be brought into running condition. 
10. rear wheels they are supported by two longitudinal cantilever springs without any shock absorbers at all.
A design feature was the device for the rear suspension and transmission, where a cardan shaft resting against a bronze bushing was used as a longitudinal thrust.
The service brake had a mechanical drive.
Cantilever - a semi-elliptical spring, which is hinged on the frame or chassis at two points - at one of the ends and in the middle, and in the second case the mount is hinged; the other end is cantilevered.
wiki
A conventional spring suspension looks like a stack of metal sheets of different lengths, stacked in a pile (the longest on top, the shorter, the lower), aligned in the middle and bulging down.
The edges of the sheets are hinged on the body (or frame) of the car, and the middle to the wheel (axle, bridge).
The axis, under load, tries to bend the sheets upwards, the same elastically resist and return the axis to its original position.
On GAZ-MM, the spring is turned upside down and fixed with the front end and middle on the frame, and with the rear end on the rear axle of the car.
But the principle of operation is the same.
The axis bends the sheets up and down, they try to go back, while rubbing against each other, imitating the action of shock absorbers.
The middle of the spring and the rear end are rigidly fixed. The leading edge is hinged. 
11. It is clearly seen that the rear axle and frame are attached to each other with only two springs.
The third support of the bridge was a triangular structure of two beams and the bridge itself (it can be seen in the two previous pictures).
The beams were attached to the bridge at the wheels on the left and right and converged on a special hinge at the checkpoint.
The hinge fixed the front top of the triangle on the horizontal axis, allowing its base (bridge) to rise and fall.
In the middle of this design was a cardan shaft.
On the frame above the spring, you can see a rectangular rubber buffer that prevents the mutual destruction of the bridge and the frame during critical overload or "breakdowns" of the suspension on significant road irregularities.
GAZ-MM
Total information
| GAZ-MM | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer: | GAS |
| Brand: | GAZ-MM |
| Type: | Petrol |
| Volume : | 3 285 cm 3 |
| Max Power: | 50 HP , at 2800 rpm |
| Configuration: | in-line, four-cylinder |
| Cylinders : | 4 |
| Valves: | 8 |
| Stroke: | 107.95 mm |
| Cylinder diameter: | 98.43 mm |
| Compression ratio : | 4,6 |
| Supply system: | carburetor |
| Cooling: | liquid |
| Valve mechanism: | SV |
| Cylinder block material: | cast iron |
| Cylinder head material: | cast iron |
| Cycle (number of cycles): | 4 |
| The order of operation of the cylinders: | 1-2-4-3 |
| Recommended fuel: | A-66 or A-70 |
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Dynamic
| Max. speed: | 70 km/h |
On the market
Other
GAZ-MM (lorry) - a truck of the Gorky Automobile Plant, with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons (1500 kg), which was a modernized version of the GAZ-AA lorry with a more powerful 50-horsepower GAZ-M engine, reinforced suspension, new steering and driveshaft. Until 1942 GAZ-MM external differences from model GAZ-AA didn't have.
Years of production of GAZ-MM: at GAZ - -, at UAZ - -, according to some sources, production continued until 1956.
In 1942-1945, GAZ produced a simplified version of a lorry - GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) with various configuration options.
The main part of the post-war park of one and a half was decommissioned in the early 1960s due to the ban (since 1962) on the operation of cars with mechanical brakes in the USSR.
GAZ-MM modifications
- GAZ-MM - base model truck with a 50 hp engine, produced in 1938-1941 at GAZ
- GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) - a simplified modification of the wartime GAZ-MM (the MM-V index is unofficial, the MM-13 index was used at the front), there are two types of MM-V cabs: sample 1942-1943. with a canvas roof and canvas flaps instead of doors and a sample of 1944 with wooden lining and doors, respectively, on a 42-year truck, the wings were made by bending from low-grade (roofing) iron, there were no front brakes and one headlight, and the platform was equipped only with a rear folding side. GAZ-MM-V was produced until 1947 at GAZ, and in 1947-1950. - at UralZiSe. According to some reports, the production of a lorry continued until 1956.
- GAZ-410 - dump truck on the GAZ-MM and GAZ-MM-V chassis, load capacity 1.2 tons, all-metal self-unloading type body. Years of issue: 1938-1946
- GAZ-42 - a gas generator modification that used wooden chocks as fuel. Engine power 35-38 hp, passport load capacity - 1.0 tons (the real one is less, since a significant part of the shortened platform was occupied by a 150-200-kilogram stock of chocks). Years of issue: 1938-1949
- GAZ-43 - gas generating version on coal. Differed in smaller dimensions of the gas generator. Produced in small batches in 1938-1941.
- GAZ-44 - LPG version running on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Gas cylinders were located under the cargo platform. Released in a small batch in 1939.
- GAZ-60 - a serial half-track modification with a rubber-metal caterpillar driven by a sloth from a standard axle. Years of issue: 1938-1943
- GAZ-65 - modification off-road with caterpillar-wheel propeller driven by standard rear wheels. In 1940, an experimental industrial batch was released, which showed the complete unsuitability of this scheme for the conditions of actual operation of vehicles both in the front and later in the rear (fuel consumption exceeded 60 l / 100 km).
- GAZ-03-30 - 17-seater bus general purpose with a body on a wooden frame with metal lining. It was produced at the facilities of GAZ's subcontractor - GZA (Gorky Bus Plant, formerly the Gudok Oktyabrya plant). Years of production on the GAZ-MM chassis: 1938-1942, on the GAZ-MM-V chassis - 1945-1950. The most common model Soviet bus pre-war period and the first post-war years.
- GAZ-55 (M-55) - an ambulance equipped with rear axle shock absorbers. Capacity: 10 people, including four on a stretcher. Years of production: 1938-1945. The most massive ambulance of the Red Army during the Second World War.
