Types of battery terminals for cars. Vehicle battery marking

Any part of the car requires control. The role of the battery in the operation of the car is one of the most important - if it fails, not only the auxiliary source of electricity disappears, but also the ability to start the engine. The car owner needs to regularly monitor the electrolyte level, its density, charge level, and recharge the battery when necessary. Contact terminals play an important role in the operation of the battery - electrical conductivity depends on them. We can safely say that they are subjected to the strongest destructive effect of the current, and therefore deteriorate more often than many.

Selection of terminals for the battery.

Basic information about battery terminals

A car battery stores energy in order to use it later to start the engine, operate headlights, wipers, and transmit current to all car electronics when the engine is not running. The vast majority of models use lead acid batteries. To choose the right battery, the material does not matter as much as other characteristics. Batteries are also selected according to the purpose of the application, the method of charging, and the possible additional functions. Naturally, when choosing a car, they do not attach special importance to a suitable battery, because there are more important and interesting characteristics. With all the variety of manufacturers, there are only a few criteria when choosing a battery.

Two types of devices can be distinguished: batteries that need to be serviced and those that do not need to be serviced. The fact is that in the first case, the car owner has the opportunity to replace failed parts during the operation of the device, but in the second case, the battery is sealed - it does not need to be regularly inspected or filled with additional water. The method of charging also plays a decisive role. There are charged and dry-charged batteries. The only difference between them is that for dry-charged ones, it is necessary to mix special components in complex proportions in order to obtain a liquid that is poured inside. So, if you don’t want to bother with difficulties, choose charged batteries. There are also special covers with a separation system. They protect the electrolyte from spilling out, and the water from excessive evaporation.

What are the terminals

most big problem in battery operation is the oxidation or destruction of the terminal. In this case, the terminals must be replaced. In the car market you can find devices made of lead, copper and brass.

lead

Most car owners prefer a lead terminal. This material has good electrical conductivity, it is softer than other metals, which is very good for crimping, in addition, it is resistant to electrolyte, does not create a galvanic couple with it, and therefore does not corrode. In addition, lead is cheaper than others, but it has low temperature melting, which can lead to backfire especially in hot weather.

brass

There is also a brass terminal. It is much heavier, but also stronger than others. It is easily deformed with pliers, which plays in its favor, because for effective operation it must fit very tightly to the current terminal. Also quickly removed, has good electrical conductivity and high temperature melting up to 950 degrees.

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Copper

Copper terminals for the battery at first glance - the most the best choice. The best possible electrical conductivity, does not oxidize as much, has a larger contact patch. Melts at temperatures above 1050 degrees.

Which terminals to choose

Given all the above information, it will not be difficult to find out which battery terminals are better. Much depends on the conditions in which the product will stay (, type of battery, constant voltage passing through the terminals, or something else), as well as on the material from which it is made. Car owners agree that lead terminals are the most versatile - they are quite heavy, soft enough, do not react chemically with acid, and are much cheaper than products made from other metals. At the same time, lead has a low melting point, sufficient, but not the highest conductivity of electricity.

Battery marking is of key importance in its selection. There are four main standards, according to which information on technical characteristics is applied to the battery - Russian, European, American and Asian (Japanese / Korean). They differ both in the presentation system and in the description of individual values. Therefore, when deciphering the marking of a battery or the year of its manufacture, it is necessary first of all to know in accordance with which standard the information is presented.

Russian battery standard Interactive image of the decoding of designations.

European standard. Interactive image of the marking value

Differences in standards

Before proceeding directly to the question of what the marking on the battery means, you need to know the following. On Russian batteries"plus" is located on the left terminal, and "minus" on the right(if you look at the battery from the front, from the side of the sticker). On batteries manufactured in Europe and Asia (in most cases, but not always), the opposite is true. As for American standards, both options are found there, but more often European.

Polarity and standard of the car battery

In addition to marking batteries for cars, they are still different. So, the "plus" in European products has a diameter of 19.5 mm, and the "minus" - 17.9 mm. Asian batteries have a "plus" with a diameter of 12.5 mm, and a "minus" - 11.1 mm. Terminal diameter difference made to eliminate errors related to connecting batteries to the vehicle's on-board electrical network.

In addition to capacity, when choosing a battery, it is necessary to take into account the maximum starting current for which it is designed. The labeling of a car battery does not always have a direct indication of such information, and in different standards it can be designated differently, each standard has its own nuances.

The so-called cold cranking current is the starting current at -18°C.

Russian standard

Designation on the domestic battery

Let's start the review with the most popular and widespread Russian standard in our country. It has the designation GOST 0959 - 2002. In accordance with it, the marking of car batteries is divided into four parts, which can be conditionally divided into four digits. In particular:

1. The number of "cans" in the battery. Most passenger car batteries have the number 6 in this place, since that is how many cans of 2 Volts a standard battery has (6 pieces of 2 V each give a total of 12 V).
2. Battery type designation. The most common designation would be "CT", which means "starter".
3. Battery capacity. It corresponds to the number in the third position. This can be a value from 55 to 80 Amp hours (hereinafter referred to as Ah) depending on the engine power of the machine (55 Ah corresponds to an engine with a volume of about 1 liter, and 80 Ah for a 3-liter and even more ).
4. Execution of the accumulator and type of material of its case. In the last place, as a rule, there is one or more letters, which are deciphered as follows.

With regard to the aforementioned starting current, then in the Russian standard it is not indicated explicitly, on the given nameplate. However, information about it must be in the stickers next to the mentioned plate. For example, the inscription "270 A" or a similar value.

Correspondence table for the type of battery, its discharge current, minimum discharge duration, overall dimensions.

Battery type	Starter discharge mode		Overall dimensions of the battery, mm
	Discharge current strength, A	Minimum discharge duration, min	Length	Width	Height
6ST-55	255	2,5	262	174	226
6ST-55A	255	2,5	242	175	210
6ST-60	180	3	283	182	237
6ST-66A	300	2,5	278	175	210
6ST-75	225	3	358	177	240
6ST-77A	350	2,5	340	175	210
6ST-90	270	3	421	186	240
6ST-110A	470	2,5	332	215	230

Battery labeling according to ETN

European standard

The European standard ETN (European Type Number) has the official name EN 60095 - 1. The code consists of nine digits, which are divided into four separate combination areas. In particular:

1. First digit. It conventionally means the capacity of the battery. Most often you can find the number 5, which corresponds to the range of 1 ... 99 Ah. The number 6 means the range from 100 to 199 Ah, and 7 - from 200 to 299 Ah.
2. Second and third digits. They accurately indicate the value of the battery capacity, in Ah. For example, the number 55 will correspond to a capacity of 55 Ah.
3. Fourth, fifth and sixth digits. Information about structural design batteries. The combination encodes information about the type of terminals, their size, type of gas outlet, the presence of a carrying handle, features of fasteners, design features, type of cover, and vibration resistance of the battery.
4. Last three digits. They mean "cold scroll" current. However, to find out its value, the last two digits must be multiplied by ten (for example, if 043 is written on the marking of the batteries as the last three digits, this means that 43 must be multiplied by 10, as a result of which we get the desired starting current, which will be equal to 430 A).

In addition to the main characteristics of the battery encrypted in numbers, some modern batteries place additional pictograms. Such visual pictures tell which cars this battery is suitable for, with which house. equipment, as well as certain nuances of operation. For example: illustrate use for start/stop system, city mode, use a large number electronic devices, etc.

BOSCH battery markings

There are several more designations that can be found on European batteries. Among them:

• CCA. Means the marking of the maximum allowable current when starting the engine in winter conditions.
• BCI. The maximum allowable current in winter conditions has been measured according to the Battery Council International method.
• IEC. The maximum allowable current in winter conditions was measured according to the method of the International Electrotechnical Commission.
• DIN. The maximum permissible current in winter conditions was measured according to the Deutsche Industri Normen method.

German standard

One of the varieties of European designations is the German standard, which has the name DIN. It can often be found as a marking for BOSCH batteries. It has 5 digits, which, according to information, are similar to the European standard indicated above.

It can be decoded like this:

• the first digit means the order of capacity (number 5 means that the battery has a capacity of up to 100 Ah, 6 - up to 200 Ah, 7 - more than 200 Ah);
• the second and third digits are the exact capacity of the battery, in Ah;
• the fourth and fifth mean that the battery belongs to a certain class, which corresponds to the type of fastener, dimensions, position of the terminals, and so on.

In case of using the DIN standard cold crank current is not explicitly specified, however, this information can be found somewhere near the indicated sticker or nameplate.

Batteries release date

Since all batteries age over time, information about the date of their release is always up to date. Batteries manufactured under the trademarks Berga, Bosch and Varta have a single designation in this respect, which is deciphered as follows. For a sample, in order to understand where the marking of the year of manufacture of the battery is, let's take this designation - С0С753032.

Location and decoding of the production date of Bosch, Warta, Edcon, Baren and Exid batteries

The first letter is the code of the factory where the battery was manufactured. The following options are possible:

• H - Hannover (Germany);
• C - Ceska Lipa (Czech Republic);
• E - Burgos (Spain);
• G - Guardamar (Spain);
• F - Rouen (France);
• S - Sarreguemines (France);
• Z - Zwickau (Germany).

In our specific example It can be seen that the battery is made in the Czech Republic. The second character in the code means the conveyor number. The third is the order type. But the fourth, fifth and sixth characters are encrypted information about the release date of the battery. So, in our case, the number 7 means 2017 (respectively, 8 is 2018, 9 is 2019, and so on). As for the number 53, it means May. Other options for designating months:

• 17 - January;
• 18 - February;
• 19 - March;
• 20 - April;
• 53 - May;
• 54 - June;
• 55 - July;
• 56 - August;
• 57 - September;
• 58 - October;
• 59 - November;
• 60 - December.

Here are a few more transcripts of the release date of batteries of various brands:

Examples of BOSCH battery signatures

• A-mega, EnergyBox, FireBull, Plazma, Virbac. Example - 0491 62-0M7 126/17. The last number means 2017, and the three digits before the year designation are the day of the account in the year. In this case, the 126th day is May 6th.
• Bost, Delkor, Medalist. Sample - 8C05BM. The first digit is the last digit in the year designation. In this case, 2018. The second letter is the Latin alphabet for the month. A is January, B is February, C is March, and so on. In this case March.
• Centra. Sample - KJ7E30. The third digit is the last digit in the year designation. In this case, 2017. The fourth character is letter designation months similar to Bost batteries (A - January, B - February, C - March, and so on).
• Feon. Sample - 2736. The second digit means the last digit of the year (in this case, 2017). The third and fourth digits are the number of the week in the year (in this case, the 36th week, beginning of September).
• Fiamm. The sample is 721411. The first digit is the last digit of the year, in this case 2017. The second and third digits are the week number of the year, 21 weeks is the end of May. The fourth digit is the number of the day of the week. Four is Thursday.
• ista. Sample - 2736 132041. The second digit is the number of the year, in this case, 2017. The third and fourth digits are the week number, week 36 is the beginning of September.
• NordStar, Sznajder. Sample - 0555 3 3 205 8. To find out the year of manufacture of the battery, subtract one from the last digit. This results in the number of the year. In this case, 2017. The penultimate three digits indicate the day of the year.
• Rocket. Sample - KS7J26. The first two letters are the cipher of the name of the enterprise where the battery was produced. The third digit means the year, in this case 2017. The fourth letter is the code of the month in English letters (A - January, B - February, C - March, and so on). The last two digits are the day of the month. In this case, we have October 26, 2017.
• Startech. Batteries produced under this brand have two circles on the bottom, which clearly indicate the year and month of manufacture.
• Panasonic, Furukawa Battery (SuperNova). Manufacturers of these batteries directly write the date of manufacture on the cover of the product in the format HH.MM.YY. As a rule, the date is painted on the Panasonic, and the date is embossed on the Furukawa case.
• TITANIUM, TITANIUM ARCTIC. They are marked with seven numbers. The first six directly indicate the date of manufacture in the HHMMYY format. And the seventh digit means the number of the conveyor line.

Russian manufacturers usually have a simpler approach to designating the production date. They indicate it with four numbers. Two of them indicate the month of manufacture, the other two - the year. However, the problem is that some put the month first and others the year. Therefore, in case of misunderstanding, it is better to ask the seller.

Designation according to SAE J537

american standard

It has SAE designation J537. Consists of one letter and five numbers. They mean:

1. Letter. A is a car battery.
2. First and second digits. They mean the number of the size group, and also, if there is an additional letter, the polarity. For example, the number 34 means belonging to the corresponding group. According to it, the battery size will be equal to 260 × 173 × 205 mm. If after the number 34 (in our example) there is no letter R, then it means that the polarity is direct, if it is, it is reversed (respectively, “plus” on the left and right).
3. Last three digits. They directly indicate the value of the cold scroll current.

The interesting point is that in SAE and DIN standards, starting currents (cold scroll currents) differ significantly. In the first case, this value is greater. To convert one value to another you need:

• For batteries up to 90 Ah, SAE current = 1.7 × DIN current.
• For batteries with a capacity of 90 to 200 Ah, SAE current = 1.6 × DIN current.

The coefficients are chosen empirically, based on the practice of motorists. Below is a table of cold start current correspondence for batteries according to different standards.

DIN 43559 (GOST 959-91)	EN 60095-1 (GOST 959-2002)
170	280	300
220	330	350
255	360	400
255	420	450
280	480	500
310	520	550
335	540	600
365	600	650
395	640	700
420	680	750

Asian standard

It is called JIS and is one of the most difficult common standard There are no "Asia" markings for batteries. There may be several options at once (old or new type) designations of dimensions, power and other characteristics. For an accurate translation of values ​​​​from the Asian standard to the European one, it is necessary to use special correspondence tables. You also need to remember that the capacity indicated on the Asian battery differs from that on the European batteries. For example, 55 Ah on a Japanese or Korean battery corresponds to only 45 Ah on a European one.

Deciphering the markings on the JIS standard car battery

In its simplest interpretation, the JIS D 5301 standard consists of six characters. They mean:

• first two digits is the battery capacity multiplied by the correction factor ( performance indicator, which characterizes the relationship between battery capacity and starter operation);
• third character- a letter that indicates the relationship of the battery to a certain class, which determines the shape of the battery, as well as its dimensions (see its description below);
• fourth and fifth character- the number corresponding to base size accumulator, usually this is its rounded length in [cm];
• sixth character- the letters R or L, which indicate the location of the negative terminal on the battery.

As for the third letter in the designation, they mean the width and height of the accumulator. May sometimes display form factor or side face size. There are 8 groups in total passenger cars only the first four are used) - from A to H:

Marking car battery Asian standard using the Rocket battery as an example

• A - 125 × 160 mm;
• B - 129 × 203 mm;
• C - 135 × 207 mm;
• D - 173 × 204 mm;
• E - 175 × 213 mm;
• F - 182 × 213 mm;
• G - 222 × 213 mm;
• H - 278 × 220 mm.

Asian sizes may vary within 3mm.

The abbreviation SMF (Sealed Maintenance Free) in translation means that this battery is maintenance-free. That is, access to individual banks is closed, adding water to them is either impossible, and not necessary. Such a designation can stand both at the beginning and at the end of the main marking. In addition to SMF, there is also MF (Maintenance Free) - serviced and AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) - maintenance-free, just like the first option, since there is an absorbed electrolyte, and not liquid, as it is in the classic version of lead-acid batteries.

Sometimes the code has an additional letter S at the end, which makes it clear that the battery current leads are thin "Asian" terminals or standard European ones.

Execution of rechargeable Japanese batteries could be as follows:

• N - open with unregulated water flow;
• L - open with low water flow;
• VL - open with very low water flow;
• VRLA - open with control valve.

Asian Standard (old type) batteries

Below is a table of sizes, weights and starting currents of various Asian batteries.

Accumulator battery	Capacity (Ah, 5h/20h)	Cold start current (-18)	Overall height, mm	Height, mm	Length, mm	Weight, kg
50B24R	36 / 45	390	-	-	-	-
55D23R	48 / 60	356	-	-	-	-
65D23R	52 / 65	420	-	-	-	-
75D26R (NS70)	60 / 75	490/447	-	-	-	-
95D31R (N80)	64 / 80	622	-	-	-	-
30A19R(L)	24 / 30	-	178	162	197	9
38B20R(L)	28 / 36	340	225	203	197	11,2
55B24R(L)	36 / 46	410	223	200	234	13,7
55D23R(L)	48 / 60	525	223	200	230	17,8
80D23R(L)	60 / 75	600	223	200	230	18,5
80D26R(L) NX110-5	60 / 75	600	223	200	257	19,4
105D31R(L)	72 / 90	675	223	202	302	24,1
120E41R(L)	88 / 110	810	228	206	402	28,3
40B19R(L)	30 / 37	330	-	-	-	-
46B24 R(L)NS60	36 / 45	330	-	-	-	-
55B24R(L)	36 / 45	440	-	-	-	-
55D23 R (L)	48 / 60	360	-	-	-	-
75D23 R (L)	52 / 65	530	-	-	-	-
80D26 R (L)	55 / 68	590	-	-	-	-
95D31 R (L)	64 / 80	630	-	-	-	-

Results

Always select a battery exactly as specified by your vehicle manufacturer. This is especially true for the capacitance and inrush current values ​​(especially in the “cold” one). As for brands, it is better to buy more expensive or batteries from an average price range. This will ensure their long-term operation, even in difficult conditions. Unfortunately, many foreign standards, in accordance with which batteries are produced, are not translated into Russian, and moreover, they are offered on the Internet for a lot of money. However, in most cases, the above information will be enough for you to choose the right battery for your car.

It is known that the Asian and European standards adopted in the automotive industry are somewhat different. This applies directly to the production automotive components in particular batteries. Therefore, when choosing a battery for your car, pay attention to three key points:

Polarity.

Terminal size.

Type of shell.

What's happened polarity? In fact, this is the order in which the current-carrying tips are located on the positive and negative electrode. Polarity can be direct and reverse. Straight polarity is mainly used for domestic cars, the reverse is most common for European, Asian and American vehicles.

How to determine polarity? Very simple. Position the battery so that the terminals are at the bottom. If the tip of the positive electrode is on the left, then the polarity is straight, on the right - vice versa. At first glance, even though wrong selection You can solve the problem by "turning over" the battery. But not always at the same time the wires will be able to reach the terminals. Therefore, experimenting with polarity is not recommended. Otherwise, the situation is not ruled out when you have to spend time replacing the purchased battery, if possible, of course.

What is the difference terminals European and Asian batteries? In the first case, the output of the positive electrode has a thickness of 19.5 millimeters, and the negative terminal is 17.9. Such batteries can be installed on domestic cars. If we talk about the Asian standard, then these sizes are 12.7 and 11.1, respectively. That is, Asian terminals are thinner. In general, there is nothing wrong with buying an Asian battery instead of a European one, since most of the clamps are adjustable. But it is unlikely that it will be possible to put a battery for an Asian car on a “European” one without replacing the entire terminal blocks or wires.

Finally, let's pay attention to type of shell. In the Asian version, the terminals rise above it, while in the European version, on the contrary, they are deepened into special niches. If there is enough space under the hood, this is not a problem. The situation is significantly aggravated by the fact that the hood can close closely or the plastic hiding the battery niche from the eyes is located too close to the battery. Then close it completely will not work.

Talking about no problems with installation European batteries on Asian cars and vice versa, you should be careful. The fact is that any inconsistencies in the design, one way or another, affect the safety and reliability of the operation of the car. Therefore, before choosing a battery, we recommend that you consult with a specialist and, if there is an alternative, give preference to the product provided by the manufacturer of the machine. Moreover, there is no deficit in this market segment today. In the product line of any battery manufacturer, you can easily find batteries, both Asian and European standards.

The choice of a battery for a car is a very responsible event. Along with the main parameters of the battery, one should not forget about its dimensions. The discrepancy between the dimensions of the battery and the installation may lead to the impossibility of its use.

Basic battery parameters

The main parameters of batteries that determine the possibility of their use on a particular vehicle are as follows: terminal voltage, battery capacity, starting current (power). With voltage, everything is clear - its value must correspond to the value for which the on-board network of the car is designed (12 V or 24 V).

The electrical capacity of a fully charged battery corresponds to the amount of electricity that the battery is able to deliver during a long discharge. Or, in other words, the ability of a battery to provide a current of a certain amount for a certain period of time (a capacity of 40 Ah (or Ah) means that the battery can supply a current of 1 A for 40 hours or 2 A for 20 hours, and so Further).

The rated electric capacity of the battery is the capacity of a 20-hour discharge. It is it that is currently regulated in most European normative documents, in Russian GOST and indicated in the passport and on the battery label. For an 80 Ah battery, the discharge current is 4 A.

Reserve capacity - a parameter showing the period of time (in minutes) during which the battery is able to supply a current of 25A (that is, how long it can supply electricity to all consumers of the car when the generator is not working). For a battery with a capacity of 55 Ah, this parameter can reach 85–90 minutes (if the generator fails, the car will be able to move due to the energy of only the battery for about 1.5 hours).

Starting power - maximum power, issued by the battery for 30 s at -18 °C. This parameter characterizes the ability of the battery to start a cold engine, and it is expressed for batteries in amperes - starting current during cold cranking. The greater the starting current (starter discharge), the more power battery. The starter discharge, depending on the manufacturer, is determined by different methods: SAE, EN, DIN, GOST, IEC and others. Accordingly, the starting current indicated on the battery may be different, with a note to which standard they belong.

The starting current of the new battery must be equal to or greater than that of the battery being replaced. You can not take a battery with a smaller capacity (Ah). This is dictated by the fact that some engine operating modes (low and idle speeds) are accompanied by battery discharge (especially at night), because the energy supplied by the generator is not enough. At the same time, in conditions of low vehicle mileage and with frequent parking with the engine running, the battery “helps” the generator to supply the switched on consumers with power, and it discharges itself. In the case of a small own capacity In this case, the depth of discharge of the battery will exceed 40-50%, which will subsequently lead to a noticeable decrease in the performance of the car battery in the auto engine start mode. Such deep discharges that are repetitive in nature will cause a reduction in battery life. Thus, when choosing a battery, the car owner must first of all take into account the values ​​​​of its starting current and rated electrical capacity.

Battery dimensions - why the selected battery does not fit?

When choosing a battery, many motorists do not attach importance to such a parameter as overall dimensions. But this is for the time being - until they, it would seem, ideally matched according to the main criteria, the battery cannot be installed in the place provided for it in the engine compartment. And it also happens that for some reason, for a new battery, the wires connecting to the auto network turn out to be short and their terminals do not reach the battery contacts.

In addition to the fact that the dimensions of the battery depend on its power and capacity, and also to a small extent on the manufacturing technology and type, there are several standards for compliance with the country of manufacture of the car, which also determine the dimensions of the battery.

In addition, the battery terminals and their location may be different. Therefore, when choosing a battery, one should not forget according to what standards the car was manufactured (in other words, in which country it was produced) and, accordingly, its “native” battery, with which it left the assembly line.

Consider the current battery standards. The European standard is suitable for European and domestic machines.

The North American one is different in that the battery leads are located on its top cover not along the long side, but on the side of the case. Moreover, these terminals are also structurally made with “thread inwards”. Thus, if you become the proud owner of a “pure American” designed for the US market, then most likely the batteries offered in domestic stores will be incompatible with its wires and terminals. In this case, you should look for or order an original American standard battery and it’s better not to try to invent and then “sculpt” some kind of “self-made” adapters.

The South American is based on the principles of the European standard, so there is no significant difference between them.

Asian (actually Japanese, but adopted by some Asian manufacturers) - the main difference from the European one lies precisely in external dimensions battery. Japanese designers packed so tightly engine compartment various equipment that the battery has become narrower and shorter, but, at the same time, higher than European and American counterparts. Therefore, acquiring a "real" Japanese or korean auto(not European assembly), it should be borne in mind that most likely only a “branded” battery will be able to stand in the place intended for the battery. And the original Japanese battery may not be suitable in height for European cars- the hood will rest against its terminals.

Other battery sizes that affect its choice

Other important characteristics, which affect the ability to install and quickly connect the battery to onboard network- this is the location of the terminals and their size. The first parameter reflects the relative position of the battery terminals relative to its case. Main types:

• direct polarity - "plus" on the left, and "mass" on the right;
• reverse - vice versa.

When determining the polarity, the battery must be turned with its front side (with a label) towards itself. If you choose a battery with a polarity that is not provided for by the design of the car, then you may encounter a situation where the wires for connecting the on-board network are not long enough (both or only one). In this case, you will have to increase the cables, which in principle is not difficult, but undesirable.

There are also batteries with a combined arrangement of terminals: diagonally; in the middle along the long side of the battery case. These are usually suitable for all cars of the corresponding standard. And the American battery standard: with direct and reverse polarity.

Terminal size and shape car batteries are also different, which can significantly complicate the process of connecting the battery to the on-board network. On domestic and many imported cars, batteries with column-shaped terminals are installed and the contacts of the wires of the electrical network of the machine corresponding to these terminals in size and shape. Such battery terminals differ from each other - the diameter of the "mass" is slightly smaller than that of the "plus". In addition, "column" contacts are divided by diameter into standard and small. The latter are usually found in Japanese cars, and the standard ones are more familiar from domestic cars. There are also batteries with other types of terminals: for bolt, screw, in the form of a flat corner with bolt fastening. If, when choosing a battery, you do not attach importance to the shape and size of its terminals, then you will eventually have to change the contacts on the connecting wires of the car's electrical network.

Another important dimensional parameter of the battery is how much its dimensions correspond to the standard fixing mount for it. Of course, many people drive without fixing the battery at all, but simply putting it in the battery socket (niche). The weight of the battery and plus the work of the suspension ensure the relative stability of the battery and the safety of its operation. However, the inevitable vibrations and "bouncing" over bumps are unlikely to prolong the life of car batteries. In addition, in the event of an emergency, it is not known where and in what condition the loose battery and its acid will be. Therefore, it is better to measure in advance either the dimensions for the fasteners of the “native” battery, or the contours and shapes of the fastening itself.

How not to make a mistake in choosing a battery when buying it?

Best to buy new battery having an old one with you, that is, having driven up to the store in a car for which the “new thing” is intended. Then all questions can be resolved "on the spot". Everything can be immediately clarified, checked and, as a result, selected the optimal battery model.

In general, when buying a battery, you should:

1. Specify the electrical parameters, type, dimensions and method of fastening the replaced (old) battery.
2. Pick up new battery- preferably of the same type and always with electrical indicators that are not lower than those of the one being replaced. With an equal value of capacities (old and new batteries), the starting current of the purchased battery can be even higher (if the standards for its determination are the same), which will contribute to a faster and more reliable engine start in winter.
3. Check the selected battery for compliance with the old one by: dimensions; location, shape and dimensions of the connecting terminals; fastening method.
4. If the offered assortment of the store allows, then decide on the performance of the battery: a dry-charged battery (needs to be filled with electrolyte and subsequent charging) or with electrolyte and charged. In case of urgent replacement, you should take the second one - unlike the first one, it is ready for operation.
electrolyte level (in the passport of most batteries for density, the value is 1.28 g / cm 3). Measure the voltage at the battery terminals with an open circuit (NRC). Check for discharge under load with a special device ( load fork) that provides information about the battery's health status.

These operations will make sure that the battery is in good working order and charged: the density of the electrolyte in the battery banks should not be lower than 1.25 g/cm 3 ; NRC at positive temperature should be equal to at least 12.5 V; the specified voltage during the discharge must remain unchanged for 5–10 s (this time depends on technical capabilities forks).

Almost anyone knows that an indispensable component of any is a battery. However, not everyone fully understands the role it plays in keeping systems running. vehicle. Before answering the frequently asked question, which battery to choose for a car, let's take a closer look at its functions.

The task of the battery is to ensure that the engine starts, regardless of temperature. environment

The first and, perhaps, the most important task of the battery is to ensure that the engine starts (and this should happen regardless of the ambient temperature). The second is to ensure the operation of certain devices while the power unit is not running (such devices include clocks, alarms, central locking, etc.).

In addition, even with the engine running, the generator power is not always enough to provide the proper voltage to all electric circuits- in these cases, the same battery comes to the rescue.

Despite the moving technological progress, the structure of batteries has not undergone significant changes for many decades. Its design is a set of such elements:

1. Housing consisting of a main box (container) and a lid. Polypropylene is most often used as a material, as it tolerates temperature extremes well, and is also resistant to aggressive chemicals.
2. Inside the case there are, as a rule, six divided compartments (motorists also call them "banks"). In fact, each section is a separate battery that produces two volts. After performing some simple mathematical operations, we get that a conventional battery (battery) generates a current of 12V.
3. In each of the "cans", in turn, there is a set of lead lattice plates with alternating polarity. The surface of the plates of the sign "-" is covered with a layer of finely porous lead, and the sign "+" is covered with lead dioxide. All this is immersed in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid.

Unfortunately, no battery can last forever. The very technology of its manufacture and the mechanism of operation implies a gradual degradation, up to complete deterioration.

The Westa Premium battery is designed for modern foreign cars using a large number of additional electrical equipment

The coating of the plates and the electrolyte are gradually depleted. Also, the service life of the battery can be affected by incomplete charging, significant temperature changes, vibration and other factors that are almost always, to one degree or another, present during its operation.

The average battery, as a rule, lives for about four to five years, after which its further use can be associated with numerous problems resulting in the inability to start the car engine. Preparing a car for winter must necessarily include checking the level of charge and battery performance, because in the cold season its efficiency is noticeably reduced.

It must also be remembered that the answer to the question of which battery to choose, for example, for a VAZ 2109, VAZ 2112 and Toyota car, will be different. There is no universal battery, and when choosing it, certain parameters must be taken into account, which we will discuss below.

Today, there are two main types of car batteries - classic and maintenance-free batteries. When asked which battery to choose for your car, the answer will be in favor of the latter. The time when car owners added water to the battery to increase the electrolyte level is long gone.

Most foreign cars from the factory come with maintenance-free batteries. The electrolyte in such batteries is helium, and the case is completely sealed. In view of these features, they can work in any position - even upside down. Let's now take a closer look at which battery to choose for a particular car.

What battery power to choose

For petrol injection engines, depending on volume power unit, you need to choose a battery with such a capacity:

1. Less than 1.6 liters - 44 Ah
2. From 1.6 to 2.5 liters - 55 Ah
3. From 2.5 to 3 liters - 55 Ah
4. From 3 to 3.5 liters - 75 Ah
5. More than 3.5 liters - 90 Ah and more

For diesel engines the numbers will be as follows:

1. Less than 1.5 liters - 55 Ah
2. From 1.5 to 2.0 liters - 62 Ah
3. From 2.0 to 2.7 liters - 75 Ah
4. From 2.7 to 3.5 liters - 90 Ah
5. From 3.5 to 6.5 liters - 132 Ah
6. More than 6.5 liters - 190 Ah and more

Though carbureted engines are slowly living out their lives, and there are fewer and fewer cars with such a system every year, they are still quite frequent guests on the roads of the CIS countries, because we give the numbers for them:

1. Less than 1.2 liters - 44 Ah
2. From 1.2 to 1.8 liters - 55 Ah
3. From 1.8 to 2.5 liters - 66 Ah
4. From 2.5 to 4.5 liters - 75 Ah
5. From 4.5 to 6.2 liters - 90 Ah
6. From 6.2 to 8.0 liters - 132 Ah

You should also pay attention to the number of electronic systems in your car. If this is a business or premium class, it is worth taking a battery with an additional 10-15 Ah - in such cars they will definitely not be superfluous.

In addition, be sure to study the technical documentation for your car - the manufacturer must specify the recommended battery capacity there. Whatever battery you choose for a car, its parameters must not be lower than those indicated by the factory.

Which battery size to choose

If the instructions do not indicate a plug of battery sizes that can be installed in the compartment of your car, you can simply take a ruler and measure the dimensions of the old battery. This method will be, perhaps, the most reliable - you definitely will not be mistaken with the size of the new battery.

Which type of battery terminals to choose

There are three types of terminals in total, differing in their size. Allocate European terminals, American and Japanese. The Internet is full of diagrams with the overall dimensions of each type. You can use them, or contact a consultant at an auto shop, naming the model and year of manufacture of your car.

In the question of which battery to choose for your car, the type of terminals can significantly narrow your search. With polarity, everything is simpler - it can be direct and reverse. On all batteries near the terminal there is a sign indicating its polarity, so it is almost impossible to make a mistake here.

Direct purchase of a battery for a car

Buy batteries well-known manufacturers, avoiding Chinese "know-names", because more often they cannot start at the most inopportune moment

When you have decided on all the parameters of the battery and have chosen suitable model, inspect the battery case for chips or cracks. It is also worth running your hand over its surfaces - the presence of bulges and bumps is an alarming sign, meaning that not everything may be in order with the battery.

Of course, it is better to buy a battery from well-known manufacturers - beware of Chinese "know-names", because such batteries can "please" you with the inability to start the engine at the most inopportune moment.

Look at the date of manufacture of the battery (by the way, here you can distinguish a fake from the original - for branded models it should be stamped or melted on the case) - it should not be very old, since the battery can become unusable from long-term storage.

All that remains is to decide on the company, and that's it - go ahead and buy!

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