More than 31 million engines have been produced in the engine production shops of the Volga Automobile Plant since 1970. But all serial modifications for front-wheel drive, all-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive VAZ cars were with a cast-iron cylinder block. And here is an epoch-making event! The first VAZ engine with an aluminum cylinder block was mastered. They became a modern 1.6-liter unit of the HR16 series (aka H4M), developed by the Renault-Nissan alliance. Officially, the assembly of the power unit at AVTOVAZ started in May last year, and it was with him that the XRAY hatchback debuted in December. By the summer, this engine should appear under the hood of Vesta, and in the foreseeable future it may also get a residence permit in the engine compartment of the Logan / Sandero family.
Last year, AVTOVAZ managed to produce 13,721 HR16 engines, of which 565 engines were installed on Xreys, the rest were equipped with Renault Duster assembled in Moscow. The release plan for this year is 62,665 copies. For models of the Renault-Nissan alliance, 42 thousand units are intended, for Lada - 20,655. From May 2015 to February 2016, the engine, in fact, remained foreign. In Russia, only pistons, a flywheel, a crankcase pan and some small things were made. In the spring, the situation changed radically: they began to manufacture the crankshaft, cast the block and cylinder head. And from that moment on, the motor became ours both de facto and de jure: the most important parts were produced in Russia, the level of localization exceeded 60 percent. In 2017, 123 thousand HR16 engines should roll off the assembly line, and the share of Russian components will reach 80 percent.
For comparison: the volume of production of old sixteen-valve engines for the Logan / Sandero / Largus family under the K4M index in 2016 will remain the same - about 46 thousand; and 16-valve engines of domestic design (, 21129, 21127, 21126) - will increase from 89 thousand to 119 thousand.
It is curious to compare the performance of the only VAZ “aluminum” engine for today and engines with a cast-iron cylinder block. The data in the table speaks for itself. It is not surprising that the strategy for the development of the Xray and Vesta lineup involves, first of all, the expansion of the HR16 and domestically developed engines. However, the "foreigner" with an aluminum cylinder block is now also ours.
Car manufacturers from different countries measure the power of their cars in different units. For what? You will find the answer below
When reading an article about cars, be sure that you will always come across this data. With which? With car power data. The engine power of a car is one of the most important indicators that is relevant at any time, in any situation. Both from a practical and a theoretical point of view.
Watt is a unit of measure included in the SI system (International System of Units), which means how much power is required to do work in 1J per unit of time.
It is mainly used by professionals as a more “correct” power indicator from the point of view of fundamental science. As a unit of measure in the automotive industry, it is used mainly in the Southern Hemisphere, so historically.
The method of measuring power in kilowatts on cars is basically by finding the amount of torque transmitted from the wheels on the dyno, then this equation is applied to the calculations:
Kilowatts have become a modern measure of the output power of cars and perhaps in the future they will become a generally accepted world measure. At the very least, if you look at any official data offered by automakers, you will definitely see units of kW of internal combustion engine power on a par with horsepower.
What’s more, with the hype around cars with electric motors, the adoption of this form of measurement will become even more justified, since the amount of work produced by an electric motor is measured using kWh (kilowatt-hours), which determines how long the electric motor can produce a certain amount of energy. energy, for example, for the movement of a car.
Horsepower (hp)
Introduced by the "maestro" and part-time creator of productive steam engines - Mr. James Watt - this unit of power based on horsepower is somehow alive to this day, carrying the calculations of a brilliant engineer through the centuries. It is the main unit for measuring the power of cars in many countries, including Russia, and is used not only as a measure of the power of an internal combustion engine in official documents for car models, but also for calculating taxation in the automotive sector, for example, calculating transport tax.
So what is horsepower (hp)? How did it appear and how is it calculated? How was her appearance related to horses?
Scotland, inventor James Watt brought to mind his first steam device, which could help hundreds of industrialists and artisans in their everyday work. And it seems that the engine was good for everyone, but how to explain this to the townsfolk? The answer suggested itself, it was necessary to compare the work of the most common “power device” at that time (horses) with the work of a new machine. No sooner said than done, Watt sat down to the calculations.
CALCULATIONS AND COMPARISON OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
In most European countries, horsepower is defined as 75 kgf m/s, the power expended in uniform vertical lifting of a 75 kg load at a speed of 1 meter per second with a gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/s.
In the International Metric System, the SI is officially measured in watts. 1 HP (metric horsepower) is equal to 735 W or 0.73 kW.
In turn, 1 kW is equal to 1.35 hp.
Moreover, in the measurement system in the United Kingdom, as well as in the USA, horsepower (horsepower, hp) is equated to 745 W, which is why there is a slight discrepancy with European "horses". Thus 1 HP in the USA is equal to 1.0138 hp. from Europe.
For example, the power of a 3.8 liter engineNissanGT-R is 570 HP, in kilowatts it will be equal to 419
, to hp 577
units.
See also:
How James Watt introduced his steam engines and the concept of "horsepower"
Now, no one knows for sure how strong the horses that participated in Watt's experiments were, whether they were in their prime or whether they were old nags. However, a few legends have survived.
According to one of them, a certain brewer, the first buyer of Watt's steam engine, probably decided to hold a competition to bring down the price of the inventor's car. A horse in a brewery powered a water pump, and the brewer wanted to buy a steam engine instead.
In order to win for sure, the unclean industrialist chose the strongest horse for the competition and, by manipulating the whip and other tools to increase labor productivity, squeezed the maximum efficiency out of the poor animal. In response to the challenge, James Watt, using his machine, exceeded the work done by the horse, according to some sources, by 1.5 times, which was the adoption of a metal device that worked on water vapor as a sample.
The second legend, on the contrary, tells us that Watt himself “twisted” the calculations a little in his favor. He needed this in order to convince the intractable owners of coal mines to switch from draft horses to steam engines. In the 18th century, the coal from the mines was lifted with the help of horses with a rope through a system of blocks. After calculating the performance of an average horse, Watt applied a factor by multiplying the resulting number by 1.5, due to which his machine easily outperformed any horse that did the same work.
Since horsepower has spread significantly throughout the globe due to the simplicity of calculations and understandability for users, various types (definitions) of horsepower have appeared: metric horsepower, mechanical horsepower, boiler horsepower, electric horsepower And water horsepower.
Perhaps in some articles and news, both in foreign and domestic, you have often come across incomprehensible abbreviations, for example: nhp,rhp, bhp, shp, ihp, whp. What do they stand for?
Nhp orrhp,Nominalhorsepower,ratedhorsepower- useful power, used to estimate the power of steam engines.
bhp,brakehorsepower- effective power in hp, the power “removed” from the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, does not take into account power losses from the gearbox and transmission of the car.
shp,Shafthorsepower- engine power on the shaft, this is the power supplied to the propeller shaft, to the turbine shaft or to the output shaft of an automobile gearbox. Gross
hp,Indicatedhorsepower- indicated power in hp, this is the theoretical power of a piston engine, determined by the sum of the power from the crankshaft, the effective power, and the energy spent on friction.
The 1.6-liter HR16DE-H4M engine with a capacity of 114 horsepower from Renault and Nissan (a partnership of two companies) was equipped with cars:
Nissan: Beetle, Tiida, Qashqai;
- Renault: Duster, Megan, Fluence, Kaptur, Arcana;
- Lada Vesta;
- Since 2006, another modification of this HR16DE-H4Mk 1.6 liter engine with a reduced power of 110 hp has entered the market. with., with which they collect Lada Xray.
Unlike its predecessors, the K4M and QG16DE gasoline engines, it is considered an improved engine that is free from a number of sores.
First of all, instead of a timing belt, it has a chain with a resource equal to that of the engine and reliable ignition coils. The motor also differs in an aluminum cylinder block, which makes it lighter and the QG16DE in which the block is made of cast iron. The motor did not have hydraulic lifters, so the valve clearances are adjusted in accordance with the operating instructions every 88-100 thousand km. by selecting appropriately sized pushers. Among other things, the engine has economical consumption and increased power, and the exhaust gases are environmentally cleaner (Euro 5 class). For the rest, engine everything is as usual. Production in Russia of HR16DE-H4M started on March 15, 2015 at AvtoVAZ. According to motorists, the motor, with normal care, “walks” more than 250 thousand km.
Characteristics of the motor HR16DE-H4M
| Cylinder arrangement | in one row |
| Number of cycles | 4 |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Volume, l | 1,598 |
| Cylinder liner diameter, mm | 78,0 |
| Piston stroke in the cylinder, mm | 83,6 |
| Compression ratio | 9.5 (10.7 for H4Mk 110 hp motor) |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 (2-inlet; 2-outlet) |
| timing | DOHC (and two camshafts, one for intake valves, the other for exhaust) |
| The cylinders work in the following order | 1-3-4-2 |
| Nom. engine power / at crankshaft speed | 83.5 kW - (114 hp) / 6000 rpm |
| Max. torque | 153 N m (at 4400 rpm) |
| Fuel system | with electronically controlled injection distribution |
| Number of fuel injectors | 2 for each cylinder |
| Runs on octane gasoline | 95 (92) |
| Environmental friendliness | euro 5 |
| Weight, kg | 105.4 |
| Release years | produced since 2006 |
| Recommended oil for the lubrication system | ELF 5W30 5L (similar to SHELL 5W30 5L) |
| Engine oil volume, l | 4.3 |
| Oil change interval | after 15,000 km, but at least once a year |
| Air filter replacement interval | after 45 thousand km. |
| Spark plug replacement interval (part number 224012331R NGK PLZKAR6A-11) | after 30 thousand km. |
Weak points of the HR16DE-H4M motor
- Ignition block relay;
- Receiving pipe lining.
More details about weak spots HR16DE-H4M
Ignition relay
Module failure is not such a rare malfunction for this motor. The engine is constantly stalling. At one time, Nissan carried out a car recall campaign to replace a defective block, but it is not a fact that the work was carried out on all cars. On a warranty car in a car service, the problem will be fixed for free.
Receiving pipe laying
There have been cases of burnout of the exhaust pipe gasket and, as a result, a rough exhaust sound at high speeds. Replacing a burnt gasket with a new one is the only way out of the situation.
Disadvantages of the HR16DE-H4M motor
- Alternator belt whistles;
- In winter, it does not start well;
- Engine vibrates;
- CVT engine jolts during gear changes.
More details about motor flaws HR16DE-H4M
Whistling alternator belt
A fairly common sore for Nissan engines. It is solved by a tightening or replacement.
Hard to start in winter
In winter, at temperatures from minus 15, the engine starts having problems with starting (it starts with great difficulty and stalls), so it is better to warm the engine before starting. If this is easy to do in the garage, then not always in an open parking lot. This feature of the motor suggests that it was originally designed for operation in a comfortable climate.
The presence of a small number of weaknesses and shortcomings, as well as good reviews about the engine HR16DE-H4M from the owners operating the cars, confirms its reliability. It is still better to change the oil more often than the recommended period in the operating instructions, this will extend the period and mileage of operation before overhaul. The engine is suitable for partial overhaul after the resource is exhausted (see the table), since the block is not sleeved, it will have to be bought. The cheapest gasoline that can be used is 92nd, but it works better on 95th.
P.S. Dear owners of cars with HR16DE-H4M engines! You can always report and ask questions about weaknesses, shortcomings that have arisen on the engine of your car, troubleshooting and repair ...
He operated K4M on Megane 2, so he showed himself in 3 years as a very reliable motor. Never added oil. From replacement to replacement. And the plant in any frost. True, at 70 thousand I changed the phase regulator. And this is a modified engine, I think there should be no problems with it at all.And here is what the owner of Nissan Tiida writes about this engine. Many thanks for the information provided scorpii. Further text and photo of the author of the article:
A couple of lines about the design and resource of the HR16DE engine
The phrase that has set the teeth on edge: "the motor is the heart of the car", one way or another makes you think about the health and longevity of the power unit.
I'll try to start with the design features of the HR16DE.
The famous Renault K4M became the prototype of the motor.
The history of the motor begins in 2004 (according to various sources), was upgraded in 2006.Here is what Nissan writes about its HR-series engines:
“In developing the HR/MR engine series, we have focused on maximizing efficiency. We have applied a range of technologies to reduce energy loss and increase output to achieve high performance and fuel economy.
Aluminum block of cylinders - allows you to accelerate the warm-up of the engine, reduce the loss of combustion energy for heat, reduce the weight of the power unit.
Technological complex measures (structural materials + machining) make it possible to minimize friction between pistons and cylinders, cams and valves and other moving parts and increase the mechanical efficiency of the engine.
To achieve greater efficiency in the use of combustion energy, we have applied new developments in gas distribution systems, fuel injectors, spark plugs and combustion chamber cooling.
To increase torque at low and medium engine speeds, we reduced the resistance of the intake and exhaust systems, applied our proprietary CVTC in the intake valve timing."The timing system uses a chain, in the HR16DE it is quite reliable (like many Nissan chain engines) and you should not worry about its early stretching. A constant crackling sound during engine operation may indicate the need to replace the chain drive. Before 150-200 thousand km, symptoms of chain stretching are unlikely to appear.
There is a system for changing the valve timing, the phase regulator is installed on the intake camshaft. Valve clearances on the HR16DE will have to be adjusted, we do not have hydraulic lifters. Adjustment is made every 100 thousand km (according to some sources) by selecting pushers. A high-frequency engine knock that does not disappear when the engine warms up is the main sign of the need for such an adjustment.
The phase regulator, judging by its reliable design, is designed to serve for a long time and without problems. Signs of a malfunction may be a crack at startup or the impossibility of it (starts with a crash and immediately stalls), lack of pickup during acceleration at 3500 rpm.
The aluminum cylinder block obliges, first of all, to comply with the manufacturer's recommendations for servicing the cooling system: timely replacements, use of fluids according to the Nissan standard.The device and principle of operation of the phase regulator on the HR16DE can be viewed here:
For me personally, the design of the fluid coupling itself was an important point, as you know, unsuccessful phase regulators on Renault engines often cause problems for their owners. In our case, you should not worry, the design is well thought out (look at the sealing inserts both on the inner and outer diameters of the clutch rotor).
So what is the resource of the engine? Some sources on the Internet indicate a figure of 250 thousand km, based on information from the manufacturer. On various forums, clubs, there are people with about 300 thousand km of mileage on this motor without any problems. Probably too little statistical information to draw any serious conclusions from these few examples.
I can assume that with timely, proper maintenance, the engine is able to work 400-500 thousand km.
1) Use the recommended engine oils, taking into account, among other things, its hydraulic characteristics (durability of the chain drive and the phase regulator clutch), the ability to cool the parts of the CPG (high-viscosity oils remove heat worse), and the resistance to deposits. And remember that oil loses its properties over time, i.e. it needs to be changed in time for it to work as intended. For severe service conditions (city) Nissan recommends 7.5 thousand km
2) Use certified antifreezes, observe replacement periods (every 60 thousand km), monitor the general condition of the cooling system.
3) Use fuel recommended by the manufacturer (octane 95), monitor the condition of the engine power system (prevention, cleaning)
4) Maintain the ignition system in good condition: do not delay the replacement of candles, install the recommended ones.
5) Use oil filters suitable for HR16DE (do not choose a filter only by thread matching). As a preventive measure, check / change the filter of the CVTC valve, preventing starvation of the fluid coupling (I think such a check will not hurt once every 100 thousand km). Do not forget about the role of the engine air filter and change it in a timely manner.Maybe I forgot something, correct me. And share your runs, recommendations.
