A punctured wheel is usually indicated extraneous noise outside, as well as loss of speed and deterioration in handling. If the car pulls to the side, and in order to keep it on the road, you have to make an effort, then most likely a puncture on one of the front wheels. If it starts to enter back car, that's where the problem is.
When this happens, you will understand exactly what it is. Don't panic by any means. Align the car and, gradually reducing speed, pull over to the side of the road.
How to change a wheel
1. Park on the side of the road
You can’t continue driving with a punctured tire, but it’s also not a good idea to stop in the middle of the road. Therefore, do not be afraid to drive a couple of tens of meters and choose a flat, dry place on the side of the road.
Drivers of cars with mechanical box gears, it is imperative to turn on the first gear, and the owners of the automation must move the lever to the parking position (P).
And in any case, you need to put the car on the handbrake.
2. Install the warning triangle and prepare the tools
Parking the car in safe place don't forget to enable alarm and set a sign emergency stop which is in the trunk. IN settlements it is placed 20 meters behind the car, and on the highway - 40 meters.
In the same place, in the trunk, find a spare tire and a jack with a wheelbrace. Usually the manufacturer places all this in a special niche under the floor, which can be reached by lifting the bottom panel.
It is good if you have a pump and a pressure gauge with you to check the pressure, as well as wheel chocks. And, of course, gloves will not interfere, since you still have to get your hands a little dirty.
3. Remove the wheel
After taking out all the tools and spare tire, lay them out next to the punctured tire and ask all passengers to get out of the car. Even if it's outside or pouring rain, safety comes first.
Despite the handbrake and the gear engaged, before installing the jack, you must additionally fix the wheels with stops. For them, however, any stones or pieces of brick will do.
If you need to replace the rear wheel, the stops are placed on both sides of the front wheels, and vice versa.
Now you can start removing the wheel. First, free the disk from plastic cap and use the wheelbrace to loosen the bolts. To move them, you need great effort, which can be provided with the weight of your body by simply pressing on the key with your foot. It is not necessary to completely unscrew the bolts: it is enough to unscrew them one turn.
After that, you need to raise the car with a jack. In no case should you install it anywhere. Especially for these purposes, there are small reinforced places on the bottom, which are usually located behind front wheel or just before the rear. The manufacturer designates them using triangles or cutouts at the bottom of the thresholds. If weld closed with plastic pads, they will be interrupted at the jacking points.
Move the jack under the bottom and start turning its handle clockwise. Be sure to make sure that the jack rises evenly, does not heel.
If, under the weight of the machine, the lower leg of the jack goes into the ground, you need to put something like a piece of board or brick under it.
Don't raise the wheel too much. It is enough to stop 5 cm from the ground. After that, you can completely unscrew the bolts and remove the punctured wheel from the hub. It is better to slide it under the car as insurance, and put the bolts somewhere on a rag so that they are not lost.
4. Install and check the spare tire
It remains to put a spare tire instead of a punctured wheel. To do this, align the holes on the disc with the holes in the hub, put the wheel on and screw on the bolts, completely wrapping them by hand.
It is important to install the nuts that fasten the wheels to the hub with the semicircular side towards the disk, and not out.
Remove the punctured wheel from under the car, lower the jack and finally tighten the bolts. You need to do it right. On wheels with four or six holes, opposite bolts are tightened in pairs. If there are five holes, then you need to pull in this order, as if you are drawing a five-pointed star.
It remains to assemble the tool, remove the jack and stops, and also check the pressure in the installed wheel and, if necessary, pump it up. If the pump is not at hand, you can ask for help from passing drivers.
If you use a small-sized spare tire, the so-called dokatka, then do not forget about caution: you can usually drive on it at a speed of no more than 80 km / h and for a distance of a maximum of 100 kilometers.
And, of course, try to fix a punctured wheel as soon as possible in a specialized tire shop, so as not to tempt fate and not drive without a spare tire.
Existing rear wheel steering systems found on some modern passenger cars and large trucks, the answer to the question of interest to us will not be given. They just steer, not steer. The main role is played by the front wheels. At the same time, there is enough transport in the world that is controlled exclusively by rear wheels. For example, all kinds of loaders: from warehouse fork babies to career giants. The increased maneuverability provided by the rear steering wheels is a must for them. So why is passenger transport worse in this sense?
One of the first explanations for such "injustice" that comes to mind is the power of tradition. As it was customary "from the beginning of motoring" to make the front axle, and so it goes. But it sounds, you see, rather weak. How many years was familiar and traditional, for example, rear drive. But as soon as they came up with a more convenient front one, the whole world immediately didn’t give a damn about the “tradition” and refocused on a front-wheel drive type of passenger car. The second version, explaining the fact of the predominance of front steered wheels, is technological. The driver sits in front of the car, so the "steering wheel" is also in front of it. In such conditions, "pull" the steering wheel mechanism to rear axle- greatly complicate the design for the sake of completely non-obvious advantages.
In short, the game is not worth the candle. This version seems to be quite viable. The main reason why steered wheels most cars - front, completely different. A hint here can be precisely the high of the same loaders, by turning the rear wheels capable of turning around almost on the spot. The point is that turning rear wheels report vehicle oversteer. At speeds of 5-10 km / h, it is a boon, providing excellent maneuverability. But when it comes to even a little more, each turn of the rear wheels will lead to the skidding of the stern of the car.
Imagine the same forklift driving down a city street at a typical "car" speed of 50-60 km/h. A passenger car at such a speed will easily fit into smooth turn roads. And our conditional loader, in best case, will turn sideways and, most likely, will also turn over. Now let's imagine what will happen to a car driving "backwards", about 100 km / h, and even in the rain, when the road is slippery. The slightest rebuilding - and it will spin like a top. That is why, by the way, on all modern cars equipped with a thruster rear suspension, on high speeds the rear wheels turn in the same direction as the front ones - so that the car shifts to the side almost sideways, and does not turn across general direction movement.
The idea of making the rear wheels steerable is a well forgotten old one. In fact, making the rear wheels steerable dates back to the days of wooden carts (the so-called horseless carts). But the company in its new model 911 GT3 decided to recall the old idea and, using modern technologies, equip your novelty with steerable rear wheels.
Why did carts in the old days have steerable rear wheels? As a rule, most of the wagons were used in countryside For Agriculture, where the relevance of a limited reversal or turn is more important than ever. In the new unique GT3 sports car, the rear wheel steering system is a unique development of the German company.
Since the advent official information about the new product, disputes about how the company implemented the rear wheel steering system did not subside, since a detailed release about the system was not presented. Today our offers you two detailed videos videos from which you will learn how to turn together with the front, rear wheels, which help sports car not only take corners with ease, but also increase dynamics during acceleration.
In general, the idea of equipping rear steerable wheels is a great solution for a sports car. It would be stupid if similar system would appear on traditional city cars. Certainly, new technology has a greater complexity in design, which increases the risk complex repair in the event of a breakdown, but for those who buy such cars, we think that for them the indescribable sensations that this powerful sports car can give are more important than the technical complexity of the design.
Video
Help 1GAI.RU: Porsche rear axle steering system - This is an electromechanical rear wheel adjustment system. This system allows the car to take turns of any complexity at different angles.
At low speeds, the rear wheels are adjusted out of sync with the front wheels to ensure stable cornering. At high speed both the front and rear wheels turn in sync. Due to a kind of change for a short time in the size of the wheelbase, a car equipped with this system is more dynamic and stable on the road. During sports competitions, the rear-wheel steering system allows you to outperform rivals in corners with an advantage.
