Skidding is not only unpleasant, but also a dangerous phenomenon that can lead to sad consequences. This unnatural movement of the car is accompanied by wheel slip, in which the vehicle loses traction with the road surface. This can happen on an icy road or during a sharp maneuver. However, electronic dynamic stabilization vehicle (ESP).

How does the electronic stability control system of a car work?

Electronic stability control system of the car can save your life

The electronic stabilization system simultaneously controls the direction of the steering wheel and its actual trajectory. As soon as the position of the car does not correspond to the direction of the steering wheel, ESP intervenes.
In fact, the work of the stabilization system is much more complicated. ESP processes data from several informants at once, such as:

• wheel rotation sensors;
• steering wheel angle meter;
• control system brake lines;
• Yaw Sensor - axial rotation sensor.

The control unit reads and analyzes information from each sensor. If the data does not correspond to the norm and the indicators diverge, then ESP is automatically activated. In an emergency, this system slows down the movement of the wheels (depending on the circumstances - front, rear or all), prevents gasoline from entering the injector and stops the engine.

ESP stabilization system device

Schematic diagram of the electronic stabilization system

The vehicle stabilization system is a complex of various devices that help the driver avoid an emergency.

• ABS - prevents the wheels from locking during heavy braking and maintains vehicle controllability.
• EBD - brake force distribution system that prevents blocking rear wheels.
• EDS or electronic differential lock prevents the drive wheels from spinning due to their braking.
• ASR also prevents the drive wheels from spinning, but at the expense of reduced tractive effort engine.

Additional functions of the electronic stabilization system

A visual diagram of the effectiveness of the stabilization system

Some car models are equipped with ESP with additional features.

• ROP is a system that prevents the car from tipping over and stabilizes its movement.
• FBS increases the pressure in the brake actuator, which prevents insufficient grip when the brake pads heat up.
• Braking Guard prevents danger with special signals. Can only work in vehicles equipped with cruise control.

Disabling the vehicle stabilization system ESP

There are situations when ESP interferes and constantly blocks the car. For this reason, it is more expedient to disable the stabilization system in the following cases:

• when driving off-road, inhomogeneous ice, grass, pits, on sand;
• when trying to “rock” a car stuck in mud, snow or sand;
• when driving with special chains on tires;
• when testing the machine on a dynamic stand;
• if the car has tires of different diameters;
• if instead of one or more wheels there is a dokatka.

To turn the system off or on, just press the "ESP" button on the dashboard. The next time the engine is started, the system is automatically activated.

Other names

There are situations in which the stabilization system can only hurt

The abbreviation ESP (Electronic Stability Program) is used mainly in European and american cars. However, the stabilization system, depending on the automaker, may have a different name.

• Electronic Stability Control (ESC) for BMW, Jaguar, Rover;
• Dynamic Stability Traction Control (DTSC) on Volvo vehicles;
• Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA) on Honda vehicles;
• Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) on Toyota vehicles;
• Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC) on Infiniti, Nissan, Subaru cars.

Do you know that …

• crash tests from Euro NCAP have undergone minor changes, now all cars will have to have ESP.
• in the United States, according to statistics, over three years, the dynamic stabilization system saved more than 2,200 lives.
• ESP was first installed on Mercedes-Benz vehicles in 1995.
• Bosch is the largest manufacturer of dynamic stabilization systems.

ESP has long ceased to be a luxury and in the near future all new cars will be equipped with this vital system.

• News
• Workshop

The ban on hand-held traffic police radars: in some regions it has been lifted

Recall that the ban on hand-held radars for fixing traffic violations (models Sokol-Viza, Berkut-Viza, Vizir, Vizir-2M, Binar, etc.) appeared after a letter from Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev about the need fight against corruption in the ranks of traffic police officers. The ban took effect on July 10, 2016 in many regions of the country. However, in Tatarstan, traffic police inspectors ...

Citroen is preparing a suspension-type carpet-flying

In the presented brand Citroen In the Advanced Comfort Lab concept, based on the production C4 Cactus crossover, the most noticeable innovation is, of course, plump chairs that look more like home furniture than car seats. The secret of the chairs is in the padding of several layers of viscoelastic polyurethane foam, which is usually used by manufacturers ...

Toyota factories are up again

Toyota factories are up again

Recall that on February 8, Toyota Motor stopped production at its Japanese plants for a week: from February 1 to February 5, employees were first forbidden to work overtime, and then it came to a complete stop. Then the reason turned out to be a shortage of rolled steel: on January 8, at one of the supplying plants, owned by the company Aichi Steel, there's been an explosion...

Demand for Maybachs has risen sharply in Russia

Sales of new luxury cars continue to grow in Russia. According to the results of a study conducted by the AUTOSTAT agency, following the results of seven months of 2016, the market for such cars amounted to 787 units, which is immediately 22.6% more than in the same period last year (642 units). The leader of this market is the Mercedes-Maybach S-Class: this...

Mercedes factory in the Moscow region: the project is approved

Last week it became known that concern Daimler and the Ministry of Industry and Trade are planning to sign a special investment contract, which involves the localization of production in Russia Mercedes cars. At that time, it was reported that the site where it was planned to launch the production of Mercedes would be the Moscow region - the Esipovo industrial park under construction, which is located in the Solnechnogorsk district. Also...

In the traffic police of Moscow there was a stampede of those wishing to appeal the fine

This situation arose due to the large number of fines issued against drivers in automatic mode, and short time to appeal receipts. Pyotr Shkumatov, coordinator of the Blue Buckets movement, spoke about this on his Facebook page. As Shkumatov explained in a conversation with an Auto Mail.Ru correspondent, the situation could arise due to the fact that the authorities continued to fine...

Mitsubishi will soon show a touring SUV

The abbreviation GT-PHEV stands for Ground Tourer, a travel vehicle. At the same time, the concept crossover should proclaim "Mitsubishi's new design concept - Dynamic Shield." power unit The Mitsubishi GT-PHEV is a hybrid setup consisting of three electric motors (one on the front axle, two on the rear) to...

Acura NSX: new versions are being prepared

In May of this year, the production of the second-generation Acura NSX supercar began at the Honda plant in the American city of Merrisville. It took the Japanese several years to decide on the type of Acura NSX power plant, and, in the end, the choice was made in favor of a six-cylinder 3.5-liter gasoline turbocharged engine, for a couple with whom they work ...

Named the average price of a new car in Russia

If in 2006 the weighted average price of a car was about 450 thousand rubles, then in 2016 it was already 1.36 million rubles. Such data are provided by the analytical agency Avtostat, which has studied the situation on the market. Like 10 years ago, the most expensive Russian market remain foreign cars. Now the average price of a new car...

Datsun cars have become more expensive immediately by 30 thousand rubles

We note right away that the rise in price did not affect the cars assembled last year. Last year's on-DO sedan and the mi-DO hatchback in basic versions are still offered for 406 and 462 thousand rubles, respectively. As for cars manufactured in 2016, now you can’t buy on-DO for less than 436 thousand rubles, and now dealers are asking for 492 thousand for mi-DO ...

Which car is the most expensive jeep in the world

All cars in the world can be divided into categories in which there will be an indispensable leader. So you can select the fastest, most powerful, economy car. There are a huge number of such classifications, but one is always of particular interest - the most expensive car in the world. In this article...

HOW to choose your first car, choose your first car.

How to choose your first car Buying a car is a big deal for the future owner. But usually the purchase is preceded by at least a couple of months of choosing a car. Now the car market is filled with many brands, in which it is quite difficult for an ordinary consumer to navigate. ...

coursework system ESC stability- This is an electro-hydraulic active safety system, the main purpose of which is to prevent the car from skidding, that is, to prevent deviation from a given trajectory of movement during sharp maneuvering. ESC has another name - "dynamic stabilization system". The abbreviation ESC stands for Electronic Stability Control - electronic stability control (ECU). The stabilization system is integrated system, covering the capabilities of ABS and . Consider the principle of operation of the system, its main components, as well as the positive and negative aspects of operation.

How the system works

Let's analyze the principle of operation of ESC using the example of the ESP (Electronic Stability Program) system from Bosch, which has been installed on cars since 1995.

ESC stabilizes the car's position when skidding

The most important thing for ESP is to correctly determine the moment of occurrence of an uncontrollable (emergency) situation. While driving, the stabilization system continuously compares the parameters of the car's movement and the actions of the driver. The system starts to work if the actions of a person behind the wheel become different from the actual parameters of the movement of the car. For example, a sharp turn of the steering wheel high angle.

The active safety system can stabilize the vehicle in several ways:

• braking of certain wheels;
• change in engine torque;
• changing the angle of rotation of the front wheels (if an active steering system is installed);
• by changing the degree of damping (if an adaptive suspension is installed).

The stability control system prevents the vehicle from deviating from the predetermined trajectory of the turn. If the sensors detect understeer, the ESP brakes the rear inner wheel and also changes the engine torque. If oversteer is detected, the system brakes the front outer wheel and also varies the torque.

To slow down the wheels, ESP uses, on the basis of which it is built. The cycle of work includes three stages: pressure increase, pressure maintenance, depressurization in the brake system.

The engine torque is changed by the dynamic stabilization system in the following ways:

• canceling a gear shift in an automatic gearbox;
• skip fuel injection;
• changing the ignition timing;
• changing the angle of the throttle valve;
• misfire;
• redistribution of torque along the axes (on vehicles with all-wheel drive).

Device and main components

The system of exchange rate stability is a combination of more simple systems: ABS (prevents brake lock), (distributes braking force), EDS (electronic differential lock), TCS (prevents wheel slip).

Components of the course stability system: 1 - hydraulic unit with ECU; 2 - wheel speed sensors; 3 - steering wheel angle sensor; 4 – sensor of linear and angular accelerations; 5 - the electronic unit engine control

The dynamic stabilization system includes a set of sensors, an electronic control unit (ECU) and an actuator - a hydraulic unit.

Sensors monitor certain vehicle movement parameters and transmit them to the control unit. With the help of sensors, ESC evaluates the actions of a person behind the wheel, as well as the parameters of the movement of the car.

To evaluate the actions of a person behind the wheel, the stability control system uses brake pressure and steering angle sensors, as well as a brake light switch. Vehicle movement parameters are monitored by pressure sensors in the brake system, wheel speed, angular velocity machine, longitudinal and lateral acceleration.

Based on the data received from the sensors, the control unit generates control signals for the actuators of the systems that are part of the ESC. Commands from the ECU receive:

• intake and exhaust valves of the anti-lock system;
• high pressure valves and changeover valves
• control ABS lamps, ESP and brake system.

During operation, the ECU interacts with the control unit automatic box gears, as well as with the engine control unit. The control unit not only receives signals from these systems, but also generates control actions for their elements.

Disabling the ESC system

ESC button

If the dynamic stabilization system “interferes” with the driver when driving, then it can be turned off. Usually for these purposes there is a special button on the dashboard. ESC is recommended to be disabled in the following cases:

• when using a small spare wheel (stowaway);
• when using wheels of different diameters;
• when driving on grass inhomogeneous ice, off-road, sand;
• when driving with
• during the buildup of a car that is stuck in snow / mud;
• when testing the machine on a dynamic stand.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Consider the pros and cons of using a dynamic stabilization system. Advantages of ESC:

• helps to keep the car within a given trajectory;
• prevents the car from tipping over;
• road train stabilization;
• prevents collisions.

Flaws:

• esc must be disabled certain situations;
• ineffective at high speeds and with a small turning radius.

Application

In Canada, the United States and the countries of the European Union, since 2011, the stability control system has been mandatory installed on all cars. Note that system names vary by manufacturer. The abbreviation ESC is used on Kia, Hyundai, Honda cars; ESP (Electronic Stability Program) - on many cars in Europe and the USA; VSC (Vehicle Stability Control) on Toyota vehicles; DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) system on machines Land Rover, BMW, Jaguar.

Why does a car need a stabilization system? The answer in the style of Captain Obvious is clearly begging. However, ESP does much more than just keep the car on the road...

Vehicle stabilization system

ESC, DSC, VSC, DSTC, VDC, PTM, CST ... As soon as today the marketers of automotive companies do not go out of their way, coming up with original designations for, in general, the same system - dynamic stabilization.

And it all started, by the way, exactly 20 years ago. When, in 1995, Bosch began supplying then-innovative electronics brand Mercedes-Benz to complete the expensive two-door S 600 Coupe. Since then, even budget small cars have acquired stability control, and almost two dozen companies around the world have launched the release of the system. Still, after all, in America and the European Union, the sale of new cars without stabilization in the basic equipment has been banned for several years now.

The first serial with a stabilization system is considered a luxurious mercedes benz coupe S 600, on which ESP from Bosch appeared in 1995. However, competitors responded to this attack immediately. In the same year, BMW and Toyota introduced their variants, followed by Audi and Volvo. And today, not a single, even the cheapest, model can do without electronics for maintaining exchange rate stability in the USA and the European Union.

I must say right away that in official terminology, the system for maintaining exchange rate stability is usually called ESC - Electronic Stability Control. But for simplicity, further in the text we will use exactly the historical, familiar to everyone, Bosch designation - ESP, which means Electronic Stability Program or (in German) Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm. It will not affect the essence of the matter.

The purpose of ESP seems to be really obvious.

It is designed to help the driver keep the car on the road when the capabilities or skills of the person behind the wheel are no longer enough for this, or if he made a mistake. At one time, novice journalists, when describing a new model, even liked to say that, they say, "a strict ESP collar prevents an experienced pilot from showing all his skills." Lies, of course, - modern stabilization will not interfere with management just like that. Although in case of danger it can do it rather abruptly and rudely.

But still, there is some truth in those amateurish words. After all, if you dig deeper, it turns out that it works on a modern ESP ... almost constantly! How so!? Let's figure it out together.

As can be seen from this diagram, the structure of ESP is slightly more complicated than that of its progenitor, ABS. All the salt of the stabilization system is in another hydraulic unit, new sensors and strong electronic connections with other machine systems

First, let's understand where this very stabilization came from. In fact, ESP has become evolutionary development anti-lock - ABS. After all, on modern cars it allows you to control the brake circuit of each of the wheels separately. The speed of their rotation is monitored by special sensors, and the control unit evaluates the situation using these signals and issues a command to the so-called modulator - a cunning block of valves and hydraulic accumulators. It is he who regulates the fluid pressure in each brake mechanism, if necessary, promptly dumping it by means of an electrically driven exhaust pump. And then one day the engineers thought - why not make this very pump work in the opposite direction? So that, when necessary, not to release the brakes, but on the contrary - to slow down one of the wheels?

The principle of operation of the stabilization system is already known to many. So we will not dwell on this in detail. And for those who are not familiar with ESP, we recommend watching this visual video - everything is clearly explained in it

No sooner said than done. So in the mid-80s of the last century, long before the debut of ESP itself, its first "side" function was born. On powerful models Toyota, Mercedes-Benz and BMW began to use Traction Control (TC), that is, traction control. Its purpose is clear from the name. But still, just in case, we recall that it works if the driver puts too much pressure on the gas, and the wheels break into slip. Then, in order to restore traction, the electronics apply the regular brakes and, if necessary, reduce the engine thrust. The algorithm is quite primitive, but effective. Probably, each of us in the winter observed a blinking yellow light in the instrument cluster - a sign of TC operation. Without it, it would be much more difficult to start on ice from a traffic light, right? Rear-wheel drive models can generally stay in place like this ...

This is how the filling of the working ESP module looks like. Isn't it impressive how much can fit in this little box? By the way, Bosch infographics clearly show that with the development of the stabilization system, its main unit became not only lighter and more compact, but also “smarter” - the microprocessor memory was steadily increasing

But technology has moved on. And gradually, electronic control appeared not only in motors, gearboxes or brakes, but in almost every system of the car. This led to a breakthrough in the field of active safety - the emergence of a full-fledged ESP. In fact, its control unit has become the main sensory organ of the car. Information was sent here from sensors of longitudinal and transverse accelerations, steering wheel rotation, rotation about the vertical axis, pressing the accelerator and brake, wheel speed, etc., etc. The computer in real time compares the current indicators with those stored in the memory and evaluates - can, for example, this dashing carrier, with such a ride, stay on the trajectory in the turn? No? So it's time to take rescue measures.

Actually, marketers immediately found how to get hooked on it in order to attract more buyers. And they asked the engineers to put a "magic" button in the car. Depending on the purpose and type of car, the driver was allowed to either completely cut down the ESP (which is useful, for example, for SUVs), or limit its assistance. On models with a sporty bias, this makes it possible to feel like a cool drifter without fear of getting out in the first turn. And Ferrari went even further and taught its stabilization to maintain a constant skid angle - after all, since a person paid that kind of money for a supercar, he has no right to embarrass himself.

Increasingly popular active cruise control and automatic emergency braking would not be possible without ESP. No matter how the distance to the obstacle ahead is measured, the emergency stop command is in any case implemented through the stabilization system module. By the way, even if the driver himself reacts to the danger at the last moment, it will still be easier for him to stop. After all, ESP will increase the pressure in the system in advance and bring the pads to the discs

But ESP also has other "secret" functions that the average car enthusiast usually does not suspect at all. Here is an example of a common case. A lady in colors describes to her friend how some idiot braked sharply in front of her at a traffic light. Our heroine stopped a few millimeters from his bumper. A little gape - and you have an accident. And our young lady is unaware that the ESP, most likely, worked even when braking. Indeed, as statistics show, most of us in an emergency hit the brake pedal sharply, but not hard enough. That's why stopping way turns out to be more than it could be. And the electronics on the increase in pressure in the system sees this and activates the modulator pump. Accordingly, the brake mechanisms develop the maximum force possible for these conditions. Usually this function is called Brake Assist - braking assistant. By the way, it can help not only fragile young ladies, but also brutal men who, on dry pavement and good tires, also lack the strength to “push” the pedal until the ABS is activated.

Now I risk incurring the wrath of car dealers and marketers, because I will reveal their terrible secret. A fair amount of such driving assistants and systems, which are often included in the list of options and cost a lot of money, turn out to be ... just ESP software functions! Since there are no additional details in this case not required. To activate advanced features in the literal sense, it is usually enough to check the box in the system menu of the corresponding control unit. Of course, this requires a diagnostic scanner. But such things are worth a penny today, so the enthusiasts of many car clubs have put the electronic upgrade of their cars on stream.

When the brakes of a conventional road car become hot, their effectiveness drops. To prevent the driver from noticing this, ESP automatically increases the pressure in the system, pressing the pads against the discs more strongly. It turns out a kind of additional hydraulic brake booster

Meanwhile, you can get very useful things almost for free. In particular, many models Volkswagen Group the XDS function is easily activated - an imitation of a dynamic differential lock. In corners, ESP will slow down the unloaded inner wheel, directing torque to the outer tire, which has better grip. Thus, you will become less likely to remember what the demolition of the front axle is.

Hill start assist can also be easily connected. In this case, when the brake pedal is released, the ESP will maintain pressure in the brake mechanisms for several seconds - until the engine thrust is sufficient for a confident start without rolling back.

Surprisingly, ESP can even measure ... tire pressure! Not directly, of course, but indirectly - with the help of wheel speed sensors. Simple math works. If the tire is flat, it means that its diameter has become smaller, so it now spins faster than others. This is monitored by the control unit. Do you suspect an air leak? The driver will immediately see a warning in the instrument cluster.

Coup Scandal Mercedes-Benz A-class during the "elk test" in 1997, not only accelerated the introduction of ESP, but also led to the emergence of another purely software feature - rollover protection. The essence of this assistant is that the electronics monitors not only the slip itself, but also the level of lateral accelerations, which, with a given load of the machine, can lead to its overturn. Now the ROP (Rollover Protection) function has many SUVs, pickups and convertibles. Moreover, in the latest ESP, it is also responsible for activating retractable safety arches.

Also indirectly, ESP is able to determine the presence of a trailer. Once the electrical connector (simply - a socket) of the “hook” is closed, it means that the car has turned into a tractor. Now the system will rebuild its algorithms in such a way as to eliminate the characteristic fluctuations of the stern and "chatter" - the electronics will simply slow down the front wheels in antiphase. Again, incredibly simple, but how useful!

Want more magic? Please! How do you like the ESP connection with the windshield wipers and the rain sensor? When they work, the electronics understands - it starts to rain, the road is wet and slippery. Braking distances will increase. In order to improve the situation at least a little, the modulator will raise the pressure in brake pipes and will cyclically bring the pads to the discs, cutting off the water film on them. The driver does not even notice this, and the mechanisms are put on alert ...

Holy of holies - steering and that fell under the omnipresent eye of ESP. Imagine: the car skids, the driver starts to turn the steering wheel, but obviously misses, for example, there is not enough experience. No problem! Electronics will force the electric amplifier to prompt with impulses of effort where and at what angle to turn the "steering wheel". Overzealous? Feel the heaviness. Is the wheel lighter? So you are doing everything right. By the way, the same assistant helps with braking in mixed driving. When, for example, the left wheels were on the pavement, and the right wheels slid onto the dirt roadside. regular car will immediately begin to deploy, but equipped with ESP - no.

If necessary, stabilization can interfere with the work automatic transmission, temporarily blocking the shifts in it so that traction surges on the wheels do not upset the balance of the car.

Various options for simulating cross-axle differential locks are an exclusively software function of ESP. That is, for its implementation, additional sensors or parts are not needed. Nevertheless, for example, this assistant helps owners of crossovers with short-travel suspensions on off-road

Even off-road ESP found a use. We saw how skillfully modern crossovers without hard locks cope with diagonal hanging and other difficult situations? The unloaded wheels will grind in the air a little, when suddenly the car jerks and slowly moves on. This ESP redistributes traction to tires that have best contact with soil. By the way, it was the sensors of the stabilization system that made it possible to implement the preventive operation of the automatic all-wheel drive. Clutch for transferring thrust to rear axle on modern SUVs, it is closed not by the fact of slipping of the front wheels (when it is sometimes too late), but by an alarm signal from the ESP unit.

But ahead steep descent. Activate Hill Descent Control (HDC) - assistant descent from the hill. We release all the pedals and voila! The car under a crunch of brakes smoothly and smoothly rolls down. Again, it's worth saying thanks to ESP - this is also part of her program.

Thanks to the stabilization system, almost everyone all-wheel drive crossover got a hill descent assistant. The driver just needs to set the course with the steering wheel and release both pedals. And the electronics will support desired speed and insure against a turn on the slope

And, I repeat, all this can be implemented on one aggregate base, without serious refinement of the machine's filling. In the computer world, such fantasy is called cheating, akin to entering a secret code into a game for eternal life or endless ammo. But in the automotive environment, this is not punished. In the end, we all have a common task - to win the road. Therefore, ESP really works almost always: both when starting from a standstill, and in motion, and when decelerating ... So it is already wrong to consider the stabilization system only as a means of last resort these days.

Vehicle Stability Program (ESP)

5 (100%) voted 3

abbreviations

Questions & Answers

abbreviations

ECU (Electronic Stability Control System). see ESC

ESC (Electronic Stability Control) - Electronic stability control.

ESP ® (Electronic Stability Program) - Program electronic stabilization Bosch. See ESC.

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) - Anti-lock braking system

An automated system that prevents the car's wheels from locking in the event of braking. The main task of the system is to provide controllability vehicle during hard braking.

ASR (Antriebs Schlupf Regelung) - Anti-slip system (APS)

A logical continuation of the development of the anti-lock braking system ABS. This system greatly simplifies driving on a wet or damp track. See TCS

TCS (Traction Control System) - Traction Control / Traction Control System

An electro-hydraulic vehicle system designed to prevent loss of traction by controlling the slip of the drive wheels. It is activated when one of the drive wheels tends to slip.

BAS (Brake Assist System) - Amplifier emergency braking

The system is designed to help with extreme braking. Works in conjunction with ABS and EBD systems. The system evaluates the speed with which the brake pedal was pressed, other sensors record the speed of rotation of the wheel and the speed of the car. If the speed is high and the brake pedal is pressed very quickly, then the BAS system forces the brakes to work at full power, but without blocking ABS operation.

HSA (Hill Start Assist) - Hill start assist

Facilitates starting by maintaining brake pressure for about 2 seconds after releasing the brake pedal. The driver has enough time to transfer his foot from the brake pedal to the gas pedal without using hand brake. The car calmly moves away without rolling back, which greatly increases the comfort and safety of driving.

TPMS (Tires Pressure Monitoring System) - Tire pressure monitoring system

Designed to warn of a dangerous change in tire pressure. A drop in tire pressure results in a change in wheel speed. By comparing wheel speeds, a potentially blown wheel is identified. This additional function allows you to monitor tire pressure without using tire pressure sensors.

HBA (Hydraulic Break Assist) - hydraulic booster braking

The hydraulic brake booster recognizes the threat of emergency braking by monitoring the position of the brake pedal and the pressure gradient. If the driver does not brake hard enough, the hydraulic brake booster increases the braking force to the maximum. The braking distance is shortened.

EBD (Electronic Brake Distribution) - Electronic brake force regulator

The brake force distribution system is designed to prevent the rear wheels from locking up by controlling the brake force. When the car brakes hard, there is an additional reduction in the load on the rear axle, as the center of gravity shifts forward. And the rear wheels, at the same time, may be blocked.

Questions and answers

What do I need ESC for?

At least 40% of all road traffic deaths are the result of skidding. Studies have shown that ESC can prevent up to 80% of all skid accidents.

What is the difference between ESC and ESP® ?

The principle of operation and the effect of all dynamic stabilization systems in terms of traffic safety is the same. The difference is only in the name and manufacturer of these systems.

How does ESC work?

The ESC uses a number of smart sensors to detect loss of control. The system with a frequency of 25 times per second compares the trajectory set by the driver with the actual one. If they do not match, and if the car becomes uncontrollable, ESC is activated. Engine power is reduced to restore vehicle stability. If this is not enough, the system additionally brakes individual wheels. The resulting turning motion of the vehicle counteracts the skid. Within the limits of physical capabilities, the car maintains directional stability.

Is it possible to retrofit a car with an ESC system?

No. ESC cannot be installed on a machine where it was not. Therefore, when buying a car, make the right decision from the very beginning.

Do I need to turn on ESC when starting the engine?

No. The system is always active when the engine is running. Some models are equipped with an ESC switch. Pressing it will normally deactivate the TCS (Traction Control System) while the functions of the electronic stabilization program are retained. Shutdown is signaled by a control lamp on the panel of devices.

Do I need to change my driving style when driving with ESC?

No. You don't need to change your driving style. ES simply supports the driver in critical situations - when there is a threat of skidding. However, you must always be alert and use caution on the road.

Is ESC different from anti-lock braking (ABS) and traction control (TCS)?

The ESC combines all ABS and TCS components, with the added benefit of dynamic vehicle stabilization. By preventing the wheels from locking, ABS keeps the vehicle under control in the event of emergency braking. TCS prevents wheel spin during hard acceleration, providing optimal traction. While ABS and TCS work in the fore/aft direction, ESC helps counteract lateral movement that causes skidding.

Skidding is one of the main causes of severe accidents. Wet pavement, unexpected sharp turn or an obstacle that suddenly appears on the road, forcing the driver to sharp maneuver or braking, significantly increase the risk of falling into a skid. And this applies even to experienced drivers.

It is responsible for the directional stability of the car, preventing it from side sliding, skidding and rotation when the driver, due to lack of time or experience, cannot perform the necessary maneuver on his own. As a result, the car always remains on the trajectory chosen by the driver.

The ESC system combines the functions of ABS and TCS, and also provides vehicle stability control. The system helps the driver in any traffic situation. It detects the risk of a rollover and applies individual wheel braking or reduces engine power to restore vehicle stability.

Electronic Stability Control (ESC):

Does not leave a skid a single chance

Support in critical traffic situations

Loss of control when cornering

The driver was speeding, which forced him to brake sharply in a sharp turn.

In a normal situation, the car, under the influence of inertia, would have to slide onto the side of the road.

The ESC brakes the rear wheel on the inside of the turn, reducing the radius of travel and allowing the car to safely enter the turn.

A sudden obstacle

If an obstacle suddenly appears, emergency braking may not be enough. To avoid a collision, the driver needs to brake and perform an evasive maneuver at the same time.

Since the wheels of a car without ESC are blocked, the car stops responding to steering turns and it becomes impossible to evade a collision with an obstacle and the car breaks into a skid.

ESC brakes front wheel, moving along the outer radius of the turn and the car confidently goes around the obstacle.

Security Anniversary

BOSCH is celebrating another anniversary. 2015 marks the 20th anniversary of the development and implementation of the ESP® vehicle electronic stabilization program.

The company's success story began in 1978, when it was the first in the world to create and launch mass production ABS- anti-lock braking system With electronic control, which became the basis for all the following active safety systems.

In 1986 she was followed by traction control ASR/TCS,

and in 1995, the ESP® / ESC electronic stabilization program.

Already since 2009, BOSCH together with AVTOVAZ has been implementing a program in our country to popularize active car safety systems among Russian motorists.

Models are being produced today LADA Granta and LADA Kalina, which are equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC).

For LADA Vesta, the ESC system will include

in all basic configurations.

HOW ESC WORKS

The ESC system is active all the time. The sensor signals are processed by a microcomputer, which checks at a frequency of 25 times per second whether the driver's control efforts correspond to the actual direction of travel. If the vehicle is moving in the other direction, the system recognizes a critical situation and reacts immediately – independently of the driver.

To return the car to a given trajectory, the braking system is used here. Thanks to the selective braking of individual wheels, the system creates the necessary reaction force, and the car behaves as the driver wanted.

The ESC system not only initiates brake intervention, but can also cause the engine to accelerate the drive wheels. Thus, within the laws of physics, the car is reliably kept on a given trajectory.

Communication with

engine control unit

The ESC control unit communicates with the engine control unit via the data bus. In certain situations, it can reduce engine torque when the driver presses too hard on the gas pedal. It is also possible to compensate for excessive slip of the drive wheels caused by the braking torque of the engine.

Steering Angle Sensor

Determines the position of the steering wheel. Based on the steering angle, vehicle speed and brake pressure or accelerator pedal position, a driver-specified trajectory is calculated.

Wheel speed sensor

The control unit uses the information from the wheel speed sensors. The sensor is non-contact and measures the speed of rotation of the wheels through a magnetic field. It can determine the direction of rotation and the stationary state of the wheel.

ESP® recognizes a critical situation and reacts immediately – regardless of the driver

Hydraulic unit with control unit

Modern vehicles have many various systems designed to improve road safety. One of them is ESP, or Electronic Stability Program. What it is, not every driver knows. Let's see what is hidden under these letters and what advantages this complex gives to the driver of the car. Reading!

Characteristic

The system was developed on the basis of ABS. On the one hand, this is a complex that is connected to the ABS, but the main part of the system is still unique. In this case, we are talking about a sensor responsible for the angle of rotation of the steering wheel.

In addition, the operation of the stability control system becomes almost impossible if there is no information about the actual position and turns of the car. So, when there are different data and readings from several sensors that monitor the steering wheel and the body, the EPS starts to automatically brake to prevent a possible skid. The braking process can start both on all wheels, and on one or two.

How does it work?

Electronic ESP is necessary to eliminate emergency situations when the person behind the wheel almost loses control. Most often, sensors and electronics predict when the driver is at risk of getting into a difficult situation, and stabilize the car's position by braking individual wheels. For example, when entering a corner at high speed, the discs will begin to shift from their normal trajectory. IN this moment will work ESP sustainability). It activates the pads and, by slowing down slightly, will help the car get back on a safe course. In this case, the person behind the wheel will not lose control of the car. The main thing is that ESP (if it is not turned off intentionally) works at any time and regardless of the speeds or revolutions of the crankshaft in a critical second.

Some believe that ESP is the most effective that there is today. Its main advantage is to compensate for the shortcomings of human driving skills and to neutralize skids. But don't assume that ESP (Stability Program) is a panacea for all ills. Small turning radii or too high vehicle speed cannot break the system, but the electronics may simply not have time to perform calculations and assess the situation. So, this is the popular and most famous driving safety solution. Automotive manufacturers may call this system in different ways, but the essence is always the same. The main function is to keep track of the indicators of lateral dynamics and help the driver. However, this is not all possibilities. Grip is constantly monitored and the car does not deviate from the path. Today, the VSC, EPS or DSC stability control system is able to function in any conditions. But developers are forced to constantly make changes to the algorithms.

From the history of ESP

The very first assistant complex, which was designed to monitor the trajectory of the car, is the “Control Device”, developed and patented by Daimler-Benz. But due to the possibilities of that time, it did not work out to implement a system for automatically adjusting the course of a car.

Only in 1994 was the first really working and effective system of exchange rate stability born. What it is, we have already found out. A year after this complex was shown, it began to be installed on the Mercedes CL-600. And in two years, ESP will become almost an integral part of the electronic equipment of all Mercedes models, regardless of the configuration.

"ESP - to the people"

Now everything is much simpler - such a system is available in almost any car, even in the average configuration. But if the systems stability control was not included in the configuration, many automakers offer it as an option. True, you have to pay a lot for this.

Installing a stability control system will allow you to feel more confident on the road in any conditions. But if you look at the offers of serious and popular auto brands (Ford, Volkswagen and other European brands), then even in the basic equipment there is this security complex.

How ESP works

Modern I&Cs are related to ABS. And it is almost impossible to imagine how the VSC system works without a connection to the slip protection and without communication with the ECU. Many responsible nodes are simultaneously involved in this complex.

The device of the SKU complex

If you imagine the I&C device as a structure, it is a mass of sensors and controllers that allow you to receive information about the movement of the car from the ECU, and then, if necessary, control the engine and brakes in order to return the car to controllability and stability.

For those who do not know how the stability control system works, there are only two elements that are most important. This is an angular rate sensor and a G-sensor (or an accelerometer). The latter is responsible for measuring lateral acceleration. The above elements are connected both to each other and to the control electronics. When the car slides sideways, the system determines if it is dangerous. After analyzing the numbers, the data enters the ESP block. The control system then reacts to the parameters and either activates the actuators or does nothing. He knows very well how much the steering wheel turns, at what speed the car is traveling, whether skidding is dangerous and whether it is necessary to start the emergency control system. Information from the sensors comes instantly.

Important feature

It is necessary to consider one more feature that the exchange rate stability system has. What it is? Due to the fact that the system is connected to the main sensors in the chassis of the car, ESP is able to compare the numbers with the actual behavior of the car.

That is, the computer determines whether the behavior of the car differs from the calculated figures. If the parameters are seriously different, then the controlling unit will correct the figure and return the actual data to normal limits. This helps to avoid dangerous situations.

ESP mechanism

The work is based on engine control, steering and braking system. To return the vehicle to the calculated course, the system will initiate the braking process on all or individual wheels. SKU is able to determine by how much it is necessary to reduce the speed of the wheels. In this case, the braking process is performed by several systems. ABS changes the pressure in the fuel supply to the combustion chambers decreases, therefore, the speed on the wheels also decreases.

When ESP can be disabled

Sometimes, when you need to control the car masterfully, on difficult areas, a system that in 95% of cases helps to avoid terrible accidents, can play a cruel joke with a professional driver. However, the manufacturers have foreseen this moment. Now, even with basic ESP, this system can be turned off depending on the situation. In some vehicles equipped with electronic assistants, ESP may work in various modes- full and partial security.

In the latter case, small drifts and slips are allowed. That is, when setting the average level, nothing will interfere with the driver. But in the event of a real danger, the stability control system is fully activated. What it is? This is an electronic assistant that helps to avoid emergency situations.

Conclusion

In general, I&C is a unique system that has already saved millions of lives. However, no one has yet been able to deceive physics, and the possibilities of electronics are far from limitless. And you can find out if there is a stability control system in the car in the instructions. Do not turn it off if you do not have much driving experience. Especially when it comes to driving on a snowy road.