Very often on the road you can meet an obstacle that reduces or limits the speed of your car. They are called "speed bumps". They are not uncommon in our country. This obstacle forces the driver to slow down, reduce speed on a dangerous section of the road or on unregulated intersection. They can also be found where there is an increased risk of creating accidents.

As a rule, such speed limiters are made of metal structures, rubber-plastic or slides rounded from asphalt. It's worth saying that The most effective colors for speed bumps are yellow and black. It's shown numerous studies. It's hard not to notice such a "speed bump" even in dark time days. Therefore, artificial obstacles are extremely useful, especially in a large city.

Drivers overcome these obstacles on their way every day, and sometimes several times a day. But not everyone knows if they are doing it right. After all, even experienced drivers can move the “speed bump” incorrectly, as a result of which you can easily ruin the suspension of the car.

1. For whom they came up with speed bumps

Perhaps many are interested in the question for whom and for what they came up with artificial bumps, or, in a simple way, "speed bumps". They were created, first of all, for those drivers who do not pay attention to the road at all, to road signs, for pedestrians, for pedestrian crossings and which do not take into account the speed of their movement. Recently, there have been a lot of speed bumps, especially in settlements.

Warnings about some kind of danger on the road do not always stop the driver, who is in a hurry somewhere and almost does not pay attention to road signs. Therefore, they create artificial irregularities. It is clear that if road signs cannot stop the driver from traffic violations, then the "speed bumps" exactly help to reduce speed in a dangerous area. And since drivers do not really want to damage their car, they slow down.

How to move a "speed bump" is taught in driving schools. Both in theory and in practice. But some not so conscientious instructors don't explain it to the drivers and therefore they don't know how to do it. And this can damage your car.

2. Pay attention to them

Without a doubt, you need to pay attention to speed bumps. First of all, in order not to spoil your own car. After all, spoil and, and brakes, and bearings, and bridges, and much more. Everyone should understand that you need to watch not only for artificial obstacles, but also for the road as a whole. Of course, there are such dexterous drivers who believe that on high speed they just rush through the obstacle and nothing bad will happen. But it's not. Need the right approach. Because then you have to rake up not very pleasant consequences.

3. Options for overcoming obstacles

Often, all sections of roads with speed bumps are equipped with special information signs that warn drivers about artificial unevenness. The main actions at the entrance to the "speed bump": slow down, reduce speed to 5 km / h, release the clutch, generally take your foot off and the brakes, give free rein to the car, let it move over the artificial unevenness by itself, in this case, the load on the suspension will be minimal, and then feel free to press the gas. Drivers often do this. There are several options for overcoming obstacles.

3.1 Coasting

This way of overcoming obstacles is one of the most popular. The driver must reduce the speed to 20 km / h in advance, release both the brakes, and neutral gear moving "speed bump". And then turns on the transfer and again makes the movement of the car. It is not recommended to slow down on a speed bump and right in front of it. The entire weight of the car is then transferred to the front of the car, and a huge load is placed on the suspension. And in winter, everything can end up very scary if the driver brakes sharply somewhere a meter away from the obstacle. And even good studded tires will not save. After all, the road there is very slippery.

3.2 At an angle

Another option is to move at an angle. When approaching a speed bump, the car must be placed at an angle to it. But at the same time, it is important to follow the road very carefully, look around so that there are no cars. One will roll first front wheel, and then something else. This move is correct.

3.3 Driving with braking

This way of overcoming an obstacle is carried out by reducing the speed and engaging the neutral gear. Then there is no particular harm to the suspension. The speed must not exceed thirty kilometers per hour. And the brake pedal, in turn, must be released altogether and not put pressure on it.

You can also turn on the first gear directly in front of the speed bump. This method is very common among beginners. You need to drive up to an obstacle, then stop, and only then slowly press the gas and roll. This method eliminates the possibility of damage to the thresholds on the car. It also won't damage the bottom of your car. If this happens, then the damage done will be minimal.

3.4 One-way driving

Very often you can see how drivers drive through an artificial bump under the curb itself, clinging to it. This requires more attention. Because you need to watch out for cars that are moving in parallel with you, and also make sure not to damage the wheels on the curb. Experts say that the suspension will wear out faster this way.

Especially if you do it very often. There is an opinion among motorists that if high speeds overcome pits and speed bumps, then the suspension will not have time to work out its own, and there will be no harm to it. But this is not true, because, overcoming obstacles at a very high speed, the suspension experiences a frontal impact, and not just a blow from below. It is clear that the damage is significant. And the consequences of such actions will be too serious and will hit your pocket hard.

4. Don't Forget Pedestrians

The main object of attention for any driver should be pedestrians. Under no circumstances should they be forgotten. Pedestrians and speed bumps are inextricably linked. After all, artificial bumps on the roads are precisely designed to ensure that drivers slow down their cars when they approach the most likely place for the sudden appearance of pedestrians. It is no coincidence that they are installed, as a rule, not far from playgrounds, schools, stadiums, pedestrian crossings, parking lots, parking lots and other crowded places. Be careful on the road. Take care of your life and the lives of the people around you!

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OVERCOMING OBSTACLES

In the course of performing assigned tasks, combat vehicles have to overcome both natural obstacles (rivers, swamps, steep ascents and descents, ravines, dense forest, ridges of stones, etc.) and artificial barriers (anti-tank ditches, funnels, ledges on the slopes and rises, gouges, blockages, etc.). The most difficult obstacles are overcome, as a rule, after work on the construction of passages, the destruction of slopes or using means that increase the passability of vehicles (track bridges, fascines, etc.).

When overcoming obstacles, the following must be observed: general rules:

obstacles should be approached as far as possible possible speed using hidden approaches and natural masks;

when approaching an obstacle, the vehicle commander must determine the most reliable way overcoming it, give a command to slow down and switch to the gear that will ensure quick overcoming of the obstacle without stopping and damaging the car;

direct the car to the obstacle at a right angle to the obstacle, and overcome it without changing gears, stopping and, if possible, without turning;

you need to move away from the obstacle quickly; if conditions permit, then accelerate the car and shift into a higher gear.

Rolls and potholes are the most common obstacles on military roads. Directing the machine to the roller, you should choose a section of it with a lower height and steepness, with harder ground. Approach it at a right angle without slowing down. When the car reaches the crest of the roller, it is necessary to reduce the fuel supply, and as soon as it starts to roll over the crest, release the fuel pedal. Having crossed the ridge, at the moment when the front of the car touches the ground, you need to quickly turn on overdrive and, increasing the fuel supply, quickly move away from the obstacle.

Ledges and vertical walls can be overcome on the move if their height corresponds to the passability of the vehicle. Entry to them is possible if the height of the wall does not exceed the height of the hook (for a tracked vehicle) or 1/3 of the wheel diameter (for a wheeled vehicle). Departure from the ledge is possible if the height of the wall does not exceed 1/3 of the length of the caterpillar or multi-axle wheeled vehicle. Ledges and vertical walls high altitude overcome with the help of track bridges, logs, fascines or after the destruction of their slopes. The smoothness of lowering the bow and stern parts is achieved by braking the machine with the engine and brakes.

Trenches, trenches, ditches and other obstacles of this type, the width of which does not exceed 0.3 of the body length of a caterpillar or multi-axle wheeled vehicle, are overcome at right angles at a speed permitted by the terrain. Obstacles of this type with a width of 0.3–0.4 of the length of the machine body can be overcome in lower gears using inertia. At the same time, at the moment of passing the center of gravity of the machine of the front wall of the ditch, it is necessary to sharply increase the rotational speed crankshaft engine. In addition, to overcome wide ditches on multi-axle wheeled vehicles, it is necessary to reduce the air pressure in the tires to 0.15 MPa and turn on all the axles.

Escarps, counterscarps and anti-tank ditches overcome after the destruction of steepness, through the passages or through the track bridges.

Funnels, encountered on the route of movement, as a rule, bypass. If it is impossible to bypass the funnel, the commander must determine its diameter and choose a way to overcome it. A funnel, the diameter of which does not exceed the track width of the machine, is passed between the tracks (wheels). Funnels large sizes, if movement is possible along them, they are overcome, like anti-tank ditches, along the aisle.

DRIVING IN A COLUMN

Successful driving vehicles in a convoy and making marches over long distances largely depend on the training of crews and vehicle commanders.

Before the march, the commander of the vehicle must:

organize the preparation of the car for the march in such a way as to ensure traffic safety day and night and exclude forced stops on technical reasons;

get acquainted with the route of movement and its features on maps or diagrams;

study the rules and procedures for overcoming difficult and dangerous sections of the path;

study control signals.

The movement in the column must begin simultaneously with all machines. The established distances between cars are taken on the go. According to safety conditions, the dimensions of the distance in meters must not be less than the numerical value of the speed of the combat vehicle. For example, at a speed of 30 km / h, the distance should be 30 m.

Management on the march is carried out by flags and lighting means. Commands given by unit commanders must be duplicated by all vehicle commanders.

When moving cars in a convoy, it is required to strictly observe the discipline of the march:

drive with set speed and at established distances, maintaining their place in the column;

move only along right side roads, without interfering with oncoming traffic and without preventing overtaking;

when moving along country roads with a deep track, choose the direction so that the tracks (wheels) do not fall into the track;

follow the given commands, signals of traffic controllers, signs of regulation traffic and execute them accurately.

observe blackout at night;

carefully monitor the road, the situation on the route and the movement of the car in front;

go around stopped cars only on the left and in the absence of oncoming traffic;

get out of the car at stops on the road only on the right side.

In case of a forced stop, it is necessary to move off the road in order to ensure an unhindered detour for other vehicles, and, if necessary, give the “Accident” signal.

If the car stopped on the carriageway, then the crew of the car following it must tow it off the road. At the first stop of the convoy, the crew who noticed the signal emergency vehicle, reports to the unit commander, in what place and which vehicle made an emergency stop.

After the malfunction has been eliminated, the machine must continue to move. You can take your place in the column only at halts with the permission of the head of the column.

When moving, the commander of the vehicle must organize the conduct of air and ground surveillance by all crew members in the given sectors.

During the march, the commander of the vehicle to warn traffic accidents should systematically check the vigilance of the driver, help him in assessing the traffic situation.

At stops and halts, the commander must organize the maintenance of the vehicle and the elimination of identified shortcomings, freeing the driver from hard physical labor if possible.

DRIVING IN COMBAT

fighting are carried out, as a rule, on rough terrain, off-road. Tactically competent driving a car in such conditions is correct use terrain and local objects for movement with maximum allowable speed and reduce the vehicle's vulnerability to enemy fire. Skillful actions on rough terrain are ensured by continuous observation, correct and quick orientation.

When driving a vehicle over rough terrain off-road, the commander of the vehicle must be guided by the following rules driving:

on flat terrain with hard ground, driving as far as possible top gear;

overcome terrain with loose soil in a pre-selected direction without changing gears, and without sharp turns, overcome short sections from acceleration, using the inertia of the car;

avoid steep climbs, slopes and slopes, when driving on slippery ground, do not allow skidding or skidding of the car;

on a plowed field, if possible, move along the furrows or under acute angle to them;

on sandy wet areas, follow the trail of the car in front; on dry sand, avoid ruts, do not change gears, do not stop and turn.

When overcoming difficult-to-pass sections of the road on wheeled vehicles, it is necessary to reduce tire pressure, turn on the front axles, and in particular difficult conditions and downshift to transfer boxes. Movement from reduced pressure in tires should be carried out at low speeds.

Driving off-road in winter conditions has the following features: increases the resistance to movement in deep snow; reduced grip of tracks and wheels with the ground; when driving, slipping and skidding are possible; it is difficult to determine the nature of the obstacles under the snow; the glitter of snow in clear weather quickly tires the eyesight.

The maximum depth of the snow cover, overcome tracked vehicle depends on the density of the snow. wheeled vehicles can move on virgin snow with a depth of 0.25–0.3 m without reducing tire pressure, at a greater depth, tire pressure should be reduced to 0.075–0.15 MPa.

It is necessary to move on virgin snow in a straight line, without sharp turns, stops and a sharp change in the engine speed. Gear shifting and turns should be carried out in areas with shallow snow cover. In case of slipping, move the car back and repeat the movement forward again.

When performing a combat mission as part of a subunit, the vehicle commander must:

drive strictly in given direction according to the indicated landmarks, if necessary, independently choose auxiliary landmarks;

clearly and quickly execute commands during rebuilding and maneuvering;

to maintain the established intervals and distances, to observe the terrain and the movement of neighboring vehicles, for the signals of the commander;

maneuver, using terrain folds and hidden approaches to occupy the most advantageous and convenient positions for firing;

timely detect obstacles and obstacles and choose the right ways to overcome or bypass them.

Not always a warning possible danger on a certain section of the road stops the driver who is in a hurry or inattentively watching. To do this, the relevant services, for safety reasons, create artificial interference on the road surface. If the signs do not have a special effect on drivers, then artificial barriers help the driver to slow down in front of a pedestrian crossing or a dangerous section of the roadway. Nobody wants to damage their car on an artificial barrier, and if you don’t slow down in front of it, then it will happen.

How to drive a speed bump,. First, they explain the theory of passing an artificial barrier, and then reinforce theoretical knowledge on practice. But many driving school instructors forget about this lesson, and the driver does not know how to cross the obstacle correctly, because of which he suffers. own car. We will try to explain as clearly as possible how to pass speed bumps, and at the same time not damage the car.

What is a speed bump

An artificial roughness is created on the road surface in order to force the driver to reduce speed by a potentially hazardous areas roads. Forced speed reduction is necessary in places of heavy traffic or before. According to current legislation Russian Federation, such barriers must be made of rubber, however, on our highways often there are old barriers that are made of asphalt. They can cause significant damage to the car if it is not properly overcome. Now we will consider the wrong version of how to drive a speed bump.

Wrong option to overcome the obstacle

Locked when brake is applied motor vehicle, as a result of which at the point of contact of the wheel and pavement arises high blood pressure. The braking force of the car is directed in the opposite direction of the movement of the car itself, and the inertia force is directed in the direction of travel. It turns out that one force pulls the car back, and the second - forward. There is a moment of force that presses the front of the car to the road surface, and back- raises. In this case, the load increases significantly. The load level depends on the intensity of the braking process. And if during the braking process the car overcomes an obstacle, then the load force on the front suspension increases several times. At once wrong overcoming obstacles, the front suspension will not suffer much, but with systematic loads it can fail. If you drive through a speed bump in this way, then serious damage is possible.

The right way to overcome obstacles

There are two ways to overcome an artificial obstacle, in which the car will not be damaged . The first method involves early braking. Before moving a speed bump, it is necessary. In this case, the car overcomes the obstacle by coasting, without much damage to the suspension. The speed must not exceed thirty kilometers per hour. When the car approaches an obstacle, you do not need to press the brake pedal, it must be completely released.

Video on how to properly drive a speed bump:

The second way to overcome an obstacle is to almost completely stop the car in front of the obstacle. Directly in front of the speed bump, you must turn on the first gear and cross the obstacle. This method is great for those who cannot coast the car.

Outcome

Summarize. In order for the car not to receive tangible damage when moving through artificial barriers, you need to know how to overcome them correctly. We have considered two main ways to overcome artificial obstacles, in which the suspension of the car will remain unscathed. Do not neglect these recommendations, their implementation will help save a lot of vehicles.

In order for the car, especially the front suspension, not to suffer due to speed bumps, it is necessary to master correct technique their passage.

What are speed bumps for?

Artificial road bumps (IDN) or speed bumps are designed to forcefully reduce the speed of traffic at unregulated pedestrian crossings, entrances to pedestrian and residential areas, near educational and cultural institutions.

As a result, even those drivers who are accustomed to driving without observing speed mode, ignoring road signs and markings, are forced to slow down when approaching the speed bumps.

However, slowing down is still not enough, artificial road bumps must be correctly driven.

A bit of physics

When you press the brake pedal of a moving car at the point of contact with the road surface, braking forces arise in the direction opposite to the movement.

The force of inertia applied to the center of mass of the car pulls the car forward. The resulting torque tends to push the front of the car down and the rear to lift it up.

As a result, the front suspension springs are compressed, the load on the levers increases.

If at this moment the front wheels of the car overcome an obstacle in the form of a speed bump, the front suspension of the car receives an additional blow from below - from the road obstacle.

It is not surprising that from the frequent and repeated, and even illiterate passage of the speed bump, pretty soon the suspension parts will wear out and become unusable.

Driving technique

When approaching a bump in the road in the form of a speed bump, slow down to about 15 km / h, and 2 meters from the obstacle (line A), depress the brake pedal.

In full accordance with the laws of physics, the front of the car will drop slightly down to the surface of the road surface, and the front suspension springs will compress.

Half a meter from the "speed bump" (line B) sharply from the brake pedal. The front of the car will rise, the front suspension springs will unload and, in the unclenched position, will gently take a blow from below at the moment they touch the road bump.

After the front wheels pass the road roughness, and the rear wheels have not yet come into it, briefly press the brake pedal to lift the rear of the car up, unloading the rear suspension springs.

As a result, the car will easily and smoothly roll over the speed bump.

Complicated driving technique

In the event that an obstacle in the form of an artificial road roughness is detected late, and it is impossible to slow down to the 10 km / h recommended in the previous section, use intensive braking, and 2 meters before the obstacle, release the brake pedal, immediately after pressing the gas.

As a result, the center of gravity of the car will shift back and at the moment the front wheels pass the obstacle, the front suspension springs will be unclenched and the car will easily, without impact, pass the “speed bump” with its front wheels.

As soon as the front wheels pass the obstacle, take your foot off the gas pedal and, pressing the brake, lift the rear of the car.

From the outside, this dynamic maneuver looks like jumping over an obstacle and requires experience and certain skills.

Driving obstacles diagonally

If they allow road conditions, the "speed bump" can be driven slightly obliquely, ensuring that the wheels alternately pass through the road obstacle.

With this technique of passage, the car will not rise above the obstacle, but will only sway slightly from side to side, as if gently rolling over the speed bump.

And most importantly, during the speed bump maneuver, do not lose control of the road conditions ahead of the car.

After all, this artificial road roughness was not created in order to annoy you or give you the opportunity, but solely for the purpose of protecting pedestrians who are in the zone fenced by the speed bump.

Good luck to you! Not a nail, not a wand!

There is nothing surprising in the fact that off-road SUVs move. And what to do if you need to overcome the "lack of road" on ordinary car?

We have already written about how to overcome puddles and other water obstacles in the material "". Now let's touch on the topic of off-road movement.

Subject specific tricks off-road traffic on SUVs is already sufficiently illuminated. We will consider those cases when it is required to overcome impassability on an ordinary "road" car.

So "usual" road car characterized by the following "anti-road" parameters:

• short ground clearance,
• big overhangs, long base(as a result - low geometric permeability),
• monodrive (mainly - front-wheel drive),
• low thrust "on the bottoms", gasoline engine.

Ditches and bumps on the road

Before overcoming obstacles, you should soberly assess the capabilities of the car.

Complexity. Successful passage ditches and hillocks on the road are primarily hampered by low geometric cross-country ability road car.

Ditches and mounds should be passed at an angle to the obstacle

Overcoming. Ditches and hillocks on the road (if it is not possible to go around them) it is better to pass at an angle to the obstacle. This will minimize the longitudinal buildup of the car. The speed of passage should be minimal and uniform.

Steep and slippery climb

Movement along slippery road implies the need for "hitching" with the ground, as well as the minimum speed of the car (respectively, the minimum engine speed) in order to prevent wheel slip and not lose control. Climbing requires sufficient engine power.

Complexity. Overcoming steep and slippery slopes road cars complicated by the lack all-wheel drive, weak engine thrust on low revs.

When driving - do not "play the wheel" and do not re-gas!

Overcoming. The rise should be overcome strictly perpendicular; the wheels should be set exactly in the direction of travel (do not “play” with the steering wheel!), and you should always make sure that the wheels do not slip “in slip” (do not “re-gas”).

Shifting gears (as well as braking) can lead to loss of traction - wheel digging or loss of control.

One method for climbing is to use the force of inertia: after accelerating to the climb, on the climb itself, you need to start to smoothly release the gas.

Pressing the gas pedal must be distributed in such a way as to enter the “in tension” mode of movement (i.e., movement on minimum speed without slipping the wheels) to the very top of the climb.

top of the hill

Complexity. The main difficulty - in the geometric cross-country ability of the car - is the likelihood of "sit on the belly."

Overcoming. The top of the hill should be overcome perpendicular to the ridge, otherwise there is a danger of "hanging out" one of the driving wheels or falling into a side slip. The speed should be minimal - it is important to prevent the vertical buildup of the car.

Steep and slippery slope

Descents and ascents should be overcome strictly perpendicular

Complexity. Wheel slippage must not be allowed - this will lead to loss of controllability and unpredictable consequences.

Overcoming. As well as when lifting, the wheels must be set exactly in the direction of travel (do not “play” with the steering wheel!), You should also not shift gears and use the brake while driving - the car may lose control. Braking must be done by the engine - by selecting a low gear.

The descent should occur in the same way as the ascent - strictly perpendicular.

Even before starting the descent, you should select a gear that will allow you to descend without using brake system, but it does not slow down the wheels so much that they go skidding. If, nevertheless, the car went skidding - you need to add gas - the wheels will restore traction with the ground, and then - release the gas.

The choice of gear depends on the condition of the road surface, as well as technical features auto. Respectively, right choice transmission can tell, unfortunately, only experience.

What to do if you still get stuck

It should immediately be said that if the car stalled, you do not need to mindlessly put pressure on the gas. This will cause the tread to dig a hole in the ground within a few seconds, and the car will “lie on its belly”. The exception is soil with a heterogeneous structure - i.e. in the case when there is still a solid base under the layer of dirt, the wheel will “cut off” the top layer and gain sufficient grip to move the car forward. It is quite difficult to predict this.

So, consider the most common method of self-pulling - " buildup". Swing helps you get out of loose ground by moving the machine alternately back and forth. Thus, the length of the resulting track is increased, which, in turn, will allow the machine to get out of the loose area due to the increase in driving dynamics.

The execution technique is as follows:

1. let go of the clutch - the car backs up and tries to stall;
2. at the moment the slippage begins, we squeeze the clutch, we give the car the opportunity to roll back to its original position;
3. etc.

Then we do the same with moving forward - in first gear.

Then (when a rut has already begun to form), you can slightly change the execution technique:

1. depress clutch, engage reverse gear and smoothly release the clutch - the car backs up and tries to stall;
2. at the moment of the beginning of slipping, we squeeze the clutch, switch to first gear, smoothly release the clutch - the car moves forward and tries to slip;
3. at the moment of slipping, we squeeze the clutch, switch to reverse gear, smoothly release the clutch - the car moves backward and tries to slip;
4. etc. until the resulting rut allows you to gain enough speed to overcome the obstacle.

Despite the widespread belief that the buildup method is only available for cars with mechanical box gears, this maneuver is also possible on automatic transmission.

Tire pressure

The tire pressure specified in the vehicle's owner's manual ensures that the tire's contact patch with the surface is optimal in standard conditions. In the case of off-road driving, tire pressure is one of the factors by which you can increase the vehicle's patency.

So, by reducing the pressure in the tires, we achieve an increase in the contact patch of the tire with the ground. As a result of this, the pressure on the ground decreases, the wheels fail less, and, accordingly, the permeability increases.

A short-term decrease in tire pressure by 20-30% will not damage the car, but will help to overcome a difficult section.