Today we will visit the conveyor of Gorky car factory and see how the most popular is collected commercial vehicle in Russia.
1. So that viewing pictures is not too boring, I will try to dilute my photo sequence a little digression in the past and present GAZ.
2. This January marked the 83rd anniversary of the founding of the Gorky Automobile Plant, the largest enterprise in the Russian automotive industry, which occupies a leading position in domestic market commercial transport.
3. The car plant was built in 18 months, went into operation on January 1, 1932, and on January 29 the first truck, the GAZ-AA lorry, rolled off the assembly line. Since then, the plant has given the country millions available cars, equipped agriculture with trucks, provided the army with a military special equipment, tanks and armored personnel carriers. In October 2011, the 18 millionth car rolled off the assembly line of GAZ.
4. Like 83 years ago, the most mass car in the line of the automobile plant, it remains the same, one and a half. Successful combination load capacity and dimensions put it out of time. All upgrades and improvements do not change main point GAZelles.
5. And our tour, as usual, starts from the welding shop. It is here, on the assembly line of the welding shop, that you can already see the first outlines of the cabin, for the future small business bestseller.
6. A short video clip. You can see and hear the rhythm of the welding robots.
7. More than 120 industrial welding robots from the German company KUKA work on the conveyor.
8. The first GAZelle left the assembly line in 1994. We can say that thanks to the launch of the car in a series, in difficult conditions transition period, managed to maintain the staff and the production potential of the plant.
9. And it would not be an exaggeration to say that it was GAZelle that became one of those impulses that served as the beginning of the development of the entire economy of the country.
10. Work on the improvement and modernization of the GAZelle is ongoing. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the body, the plant's engineers purchased fixed-route taxis who worked in St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod. The machines were disassembled to the last screw and sawn up and down.
11. The result of the work carried out was the introduction of two-sided galvanizing of forty-seven body parts. These details are clearly visible in the pictures of the unpainted cabin.
12. Let's return to the conveyor. Please note that the woman is holding a press with which she knocks out the VIN number on the cab of the car.
13. Happy owners, take a look at your PTS. Maybe this is the number stamped on your car?
14. At the same stage, a quality certificate is issued for the future car, which follows it to the end of the conveyor.
15. After each operation in the passport, a mark is placed on the shift and the area that performed the work on this vehicle.
16. Polishing, as the final touch, and the cabin leaves the welding shop.
17. We will also move to the main assembly line shop. First, let's see how the cabs are equipped with everything necessary.
18. In 2011, GAZelle received new panel appliances. There was even more space for storing personal belongings and pleasant little things in the form of cup holders, a cigarette lighter, an ashtray and an additional 12V socket.
19. Area for pasting windshields.
20. The operator applies adhesive to the windshield.
21. I do not have time to blink my eye, as the glass takes its original position.
22. Wipers fasten. By the way previous owners There were many complaints about the operation of this node. At GAZ, the wishes were taken into account and now BOCH motor reducers are installed on all cars.
23. In the “Lux” configuration, ABS, a proprietary CD MP3 audio system with steering wheel controls, power mirrors, a USB connector, air conditioning, and a starting heater are added to everything else.
24. Right there, in the neighborhood with assembly line there is a section of practical training. It should be noted that the average salary at GAZ, following the results of 2011, is approximately 24 thousand rubles. The car factory employs 25,000 people.
25. In the meantime, we come to the most interesting part of our excursion. The branch of the conveyor, on which constituent parts going together as a whole. Today, the GAZ-3302 - GAZelle Business is being assembled on the conveyor. Still bare frames, waiting for their turn on the conveyor.
26. One of the first parts installed on the frame will be the springs.
27. Two pneumatic cylinders, compress them to the size of the mounting holes, and the springs are on the base!
28. Front axle.
29. Rear axle.
30. Stepladders rear axle.
31. Rear axle stabilizer and shock absorbers. Since 2011, shock absorbers from Sachs have been installed on the GAZelle.
32. Also, since 2011, maintenance-free cardan shafts, the Turkish company Tirsan Kardan, FORD also puts products of this company on its cars.
33. Up to this point, the frame on the conveyor moved upside down. After installing the muffler and fuel tank it will flip around its own axis.
34. On the video you can see the moment of the frame overturn, further future car will move as it should.
36. Now they are installing on GAZelles, gasoline: UMZ - 4216-40 and diesel: MMZ D-245 and Cummins ISF (pictured).
37. Every two and a half minutes, a brand new GAZelle leaves the assembly line of the plant. Thus, it is not difficult to calculate how long each operation takes.
38. See how skillfully the worker installs the engine on the frame.
39. Perhaps my colleagues in the workshop will reproach me for the lack of portrait photographs, but by God, the rhythm of the GAZ conveyor did not allow me to distract the workers from their work even for a second.
40. Now on the conveyor, a car is serially installed gas equipment firm "OMVL" (Italy).
41. Also, from the upper tour, cabins sail.
42. Two minutes and the cabin is on the frame.
43. The rhythm of the conveyor is so high that sometimes I simply did not have time to follow the workers. But it was clear that with each of their movements on the car, new details appeared.
44. A radiator and headlights have already appeared.
45. The second floor of the assembly production is used solely for the purpose of transporting components and assemblies to the assembly point. From above, with the accuracy of a second hand, the wheels descend.
46. Another moment, and the wheels are already on the car.
47. Local gas station.
48. Each brand new car gets ten liters of fuel.
49. Bagels.
50. Installing the bumper. Perhaps the most noticeable difference between the Business series GAZelle and its predecessor. With its appearance, the visual perception of the car improved, and technological gaps were significantly reduced.
51. Body. Since 2011, the bodies have undergone 100% priming of the sides and base of the platform by cathodic electrodeposition.
52. Metal sleeve, with its help, in brake system A vacuum is created in the vehicle and brake fluid is supplied at the same time.
53. The car is on wheels. Now there will be the first start of the engine, then the car is moving on its own.
54. In an enclosed space, a run-in is taking place - a three-kilometer run.
55. A freshly assembled car arrived at the acceptance point of the quality department.
56. A department specialist conducts a final inspection, but that's not all.
57. At the end, the car will enter the chamber to check the body for leaks.
58. Cars ready for shipment to customers are waiting for car transporters.
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Changing from behind the wheel passenger car behind the wheel of a Gazelle, every driver is apprehensive. And well, how the horse will be skittish! Or just inconvenient to drive - like the UAZ-452 before tuning (page
Unnecessary fears pass quickly. The Gazelle is, without a doubt, the most ergonomic creation of Russian auto designers. Which does not exclude the possibility of a successful tuning of the Gazelle!
Technical tuning Gazelle
Among the supporters of the technical improvement of the Gazelle, only a few advocate a radical re-equipment of the car. At the same time, as a rule, there is no talk of reworking the engine - although citizens who have such an opportunity replace the regular GAZ unit with a Japanese-made engine + automatic transmission.
Such an operation is effective, but expensive and complicated, and requires the involvement of third-party specialists. We are talking about tuning the Gazelle with our own hands, so we touch on a more modest scale. Yes, and there is no particular need for a physical alteration of the Gazel motors.
But with gear shifting you need to deal decisively and irrevocably! Established mechanical box the machine works flawlessly, but the long lever, with its eternal tendency to uncontrollable rattling and a gradual increase in the amplitude of movements, should be changed.
Installing a neat joystick is easy. Moreover, the cable shifter has become an element of the standard equipment of the latest models of the GAZ minibus.
If you are tuning onboard Gazelle, the likelihood of the need to increase the carrying capacity of the car is high. In addition to the mandatory strengthening of the frame (see), it is useful to equip the car with air suspension with electronic level control.
Installing air bags is preferable to reinforcing the springs with additional sheets. Increasing the stiffness of the suspension by increasing the thickness of the springs significantly changes the behavior of the car on the road. An unloaded Gazelle with overly stiff springs begins to “goat” on potholes.
The method of shock-sledgehammer repressing of additional spring sheets, common in the practice of amateur tuning of Gazelles, leads to the formation of foci of microscopic metal cracking - which ultimately turns into breakage of springs when maximum load car. Bending the springs without preheating the metal means breaking the products!
An ingenious way to increase the capacity of the body of the old Gazelle is to install an additional rear axle. The third axle is mounted behind the driving wheels, and is a standard rear axle, disconnected from the drive and completely devoid of the gear filling of the gearbox.
The most enterprising car owners make the third axle lifting. The most advanced ones connect an additional axle to the driveline - but only if an economical diesel engine rumbles under the Gazelle hood. Otherwise, you only have to carry gasoline ...
On the network you can find materials about the installation of powerful engines from high-speed cars(the benefit of dismantling such units is a dime a dozen). The economic efficiency of such an event is negligible - although the purchase of a used motor really allows you to save money.
The operating parameters of high-speed power units are hardly applicable to both cargo and passenger Gazelle. The result of forcible "hybridization" of a car is usually increased wear transmission, excessive fuel consumption, accelerated carbon formation in piston group motor.
Tuning the engine cooling system
Which of the "gazelles" is not aware of the problem of summer heat? An engine warmed up to its operating maximum must not be turned off: it boils! Moreover, in many cases normal wear and tear engine also entails a decrease in the performance of the cooling system, as a result of which boiling can occur not only when the hot engine is turned off, but even when switching from high speed to idle.
Among the proposed solutions, the engineering service of the Avtodela magazine considers the installation of an additional temperature sensor in the area of the lower pipe to be optimal. The fan, which provides air movement through the radiator cells, must in this case be electrically driven.
A certain number of alterations are required when leaving the standard fan unchanged (with a belt drive) and installing an additional fan between the radiator and the radiator grille of the body. Placement of two fans in one working plane looks much more elegant. In the Gazelle tuning photo, you can see the details of such a rework.
An expensive, but very effective method for improving the cooling system of an old-style Gazelle engine is to replace the standard radiator with a copper one. A half-hearted action is also practiced: installation of an additional copper heat exchanger with the device connected to the lower and upper pipes.
However, installing a factory or handicraft copper tube coil in front of the radiator can ruin the deal. The deterioration of the operation of the cooling system occurs due to a decrease in the intensity of the air flow passing through the cells.
Chip tuning: useful additives to motor productivity
Chip tuning is necessary for a Gazelle engine to the same extent as any other engine needs it. internal combustion. The main aspects of chip tuning are covered in the article on the page. According to car owners, Gazelle chip tuning allows you to:
Make a set of revolutions fast and smooth, without failures and failures;
Eliminate the effect of "floating" speed in all speed ranges;
Increase traction in the acceleration phase.
Do not expect a noticeable reduction in fuel consumption from Gazelle chip tuning. But you will definitely feel the increase in throttle response and traction!
Tuning salon Gazelle
The three of us in the cabin of the onboard Gazelle are frankly cramped. But if you convert the right sofa into a single chair and forget about the second passenger, it will turn out luxurious. Strengthening the feeling of luxury contributes to the close-fitting interior of the Gazelle with white leather.
IN " gentleman's set"Tuning of the Gazelle salon is included, as a rule:
Equipping doors with electric glass lifts;
Replacing the standard heater with a more efficient one;
Installation of ergonomic seats;
Installation of audiovisual equipment;
Production of a ceiling console (or shelf);
Alteration dashboard with on-board computer.
Alteration of the sliding glass drive is simple and does not cause difficulties even for a novice "gazelist". Improvement of heating is carried out in two ways. The first way is to replace the fan and radiator with more efficient devices; second way - installation (usually under the passenger seat) additional stove, better offline.
The overhead console is used to accommodate aftermarket electronics, speakers, lighting fixtures. Empirically, it was found out: the use of a home-made ceiling shelf for transporting all sorts of little things sooner or later turns a useful addition into a bomb bay. Make no mistake with your choice!
GAZelle tuning: how not to lose face
The ambitious goals of autotuning are no excuse for those who do not improve, but worsen. How not to do it? Like this!
You can only move in such a car very slowly and away from other vehicles. Yes, and such a design will not last long - unless a steel plate as thick as a hand is hidden under the bottom of the body.
The desire for the stylistic unity of the house, the car and the old wagon, left over from the gypsy grandfather, can play a cruel joke with the owner of the Gazelle. Bright rags, golden fringes, pennants at the windshield, patterns on the windows ... They say half of India and all of Pakistan drive like this. But where is India and where are we? With such tuning of the Gazelle, you won’t go far with us, and not only because of the indignation of the traffic police inspectors.
Swivel seats are a great idea! Doesn't the car always run? Chat while parked better face to the face! The main thing is the reliability of fixing the seats in the selected position. Otherwise, turns on the road will have to be carried out in two stages: the first is the rotation of the steering wheel; the second is the return of the chair to its original position.
Flocking of body surfaces either comes into fashion, or does not come out of it ... Any fleecy material is an unsurpassed dust accumulator and an inexhaustible source of fibrous deposits, but this is not enough. Flocking is a great way to paint the cab in eye-patch contrasting colors. No one wants to drive in such a car!
Alteration of the body of the Gazelle
The high body of a covered cargo Gazelle is both good and evil. The increase in aerodynamic drag leads to sharp increase fuel consumption. A fairing mounted above the cab can improve streamlining. But only if its size and shape are adequate to the geometric parameters of the car. Mistakes in choosing the shape of the fairing are not atoned for by installing additional headlights.
It is no better if the usefulness of the original idea is drowned in layers of pseudo-improvements. Additional air intakes on the hood and above the hood; visor above the windshield; embossed bumper on the Gazelle; the lower side kit is nothing more than banal excesses.
And even the incredible light tuning of the Gazelle does not fix things. Such a car is noticeable, looks catchy - especially in dark time days - but ugly. And for an impressionable pedestrian, it’s like a horned messenger of the underworld ...
Gazelle is a big car. It would seem that nothing prevents using it as an object for artistic experiments of any scale. But not everything is so simple...
Enlarged wheel disks, infernal shining disc brakes, a maxi-skirt body kit, a stenciled dragon on its side... Visually, the car sat down and sped away. But even on the smooth paths of the airfield, you can ride it only in summer, only in calm, dry weather.
A fur coat suits the car, you must agree! We bring to your attention a very feminine tuning of the Gazelle, and even with an emphasis on ever-fashionable leopard motifs. As they say in medically irresistible cases - "stylish, cute, gentle, touching." And certainly not cheap. And it’s also profitable if you follow this seal Gazelle and take bets from gambling passers-by on the rate of corrosion of metal covered with a fur coat.
Long the car is coming softer, inside it has plenty of space ... But! If you weld (even in the factory) two standard Gazelle bodies together, be prepared for cracks to appear soon in the most unexpected places. Yes, and in the expected ones too.
Any box-shaped structure is unstable to twisting, and all artisanal attempts to strengthen and secure the body by welding on scarves, ties, amplifiers and other weighting agents are ineffective. But it looks spectacular, no doubt!
Instead of a conclusion
Many aspects of tuning the Gazelle with their own hands remained unlit. In future materials, we will definitely touch on the conversion of the Gazelle into a full-fledged camper; we systematize the achievements of increasing the cross-country ability of cars; we will talk in detail about tuning heating and electrical equipment.
At the Gazelle tuning - great opportunities and great perspectives!
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Cars on which dump-type bodies are installed are designed for the transportation of bulk and other types of substances. They are unloaded by tilting the platform.
The GAZelle dump truck is in great demand due to its maneuverability and efficiency, but at the same time it is able to transport different kind loads over short distances and save time when unloading. Sand, gravel, garbage, crops and various agricultural feeds can all be transferred on a dump truck.
This car is widely used in public utilities, agriculture, in construction. A compact light truck can easily cover distances both in urban areas and over rough terrain with the least amount of time. To drive a dump truck, it is enough just to have a driving license category “B”, which also has its own advantage in terms of selecting a driver.
Truck Features
An important feature is the possibility of acquiring and maintaining a GAZelle truck. The dump truck, the price of which in the domestic market varies around 850 thousand rubles, has various modification and kit. Spare parts are much cheaper than car parts. foreign analogues, and repairs can be carried out both independently and by contacting the services of auto repair shops.
With a small tonnage, the dump truck has a decent carrying capacity. In contrast to the onboard platform, the tipping element is distinguished by a large weight. But at the same time, it can carry cargo weighing up to 1.2 tons. The tipper body is a metal platform with aluminum sides of various heights, which is tilted by a powerful hydraulic cylinder. To protect the cabin from damage by goods during loading and transportation, the front side is often higher than others.
Body options
The GAZelle cargo dump truck can have three modifications:
- with tipping body back;
- with double-sided overturning;
- with the possibility of unloading on three sides.
Body platforms with the possibility of universal cargo dumping carry out the tipping process by rearranging the fixing pins to the desired position. Many items processed anti-corrosion coating which significantly increases the service life. The body can be equipped with an awning to prevent the impact external environment(rain, snow, sun rays) on the cargo.
Another plus of the car is the ability to transport several people along with the cargo. In the presence of a double-row cabin, up to six people can be accommodated in it, who can be both loaders and escorts. The carrying capacity of such a car is one ton. In view of these characteristics, the dump truck on the GAZ-33023 chassis is often used by public utilities and enterprises where the work of the brigade is provided.
Specifications of the dump truck
"Gazelle" is equipped with a turbocharged ISF with a volume of 2.8 liters and a capacity of 120 "horses". Paired with the engine is a five-speed manual gearbox, which has proven itself well on other
Dimensions are:
- length - 5.3;
- width - 2.1;
- height - 0.4 m.
The maximum permitted weight of the transported cargo is 1.2 tons.
It is worth noting that cargo platform and the car itself vary depending on the modification. The GAZelle dump truck is one of the most popular types of transport in construction.
So, on the basis of "Valdai" they have a larger capacity:
- the length of the car is - 7.1;
- width - 2.35;
- height - 2.245 m.
Body dimensions are:
- length - 3.6;
- width - 2.3;
- height - 0.4 m.
In this technique, it is possible to open the rear and side boards. The weight of the transported cargo can reach 1.5 tons.
GAZelle Next (dump truck)
In 2013 at the exhibition construction equipment and new technologies was introduced new model dump truck "Next". This unit is equipped with the function of unloading on three sides, it can be quickly converted depending on the needs. The tipping of the body occurs due to the hydraulic device Italian company OMFB and Di Natali-Bertelli telescopic cylinder with three retractable pistons.
Control is carried out from the cab of the car using the control panel. The cylinder is equipped with a safety automatic device that silences power unit upon reaching the limit angle of inclination of the body. This device significantly facilitates the work of the driver, and also prevents the destruction of the structure and parts of the GAZelle dump truck. The photo of the car at the moment of full lifting of the body indicates the fact that the angle of inclination is sufficient for the trouble-free unloading of almost any bulk material.
Total information
At gross weight ground clearance auto is 170 mm (from the rear axle housing). The turning radius is 5.6 m. Max speed truck movement - 135 km / h. When driving at a speed of 80 km / h, fuel consumption is 10.3 liters.
How to make a dump truck from a regular GAZelle
Over time, car owners have appreciated the benefits of using the car as a practical dump truck. In view of this factor, they are trying to independently re-equip the GAZelle. To carry out this operation, you will need any modification of the car of this model and a number of special equipment, tools and materials.
Briefly about the process
The first step is to pay attention to the frame and wheels vehicle, because these parts of the dump truck require a larger margin of safety. To replace or equip the frame additional elements it is necessary to acquire a jack and an apparatus for welding metal.
Next, you need to dismantle the unusable platform, instead of which it will be installed new body with lift. Truck hydraulics can be purchased at automotive market or at official dealers. It is also possible to install a self-made element on the machine. It can be made from a metal profile and a wooden material. To do this, the body frame is welded according to the drawings, and the core cavities are made of boards. Motorists who have been operating for a long time can help with advice on how to make a GAZelle dump truck. this car and know its features and shortcomings identified in the process of driving.
Masters who are engaged in re-equipment recommend installing the element so that between it and the cabin there is free place for mounting additional equipment. For example, a loader-manipulator. The body must be installed in such a way that it does not interfere with rotation rear wheels. To do this, the frame is supplemented with a special subframe, which can be made from an I-beam or channel. If the modernization is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the material and detailed calculations of equipment and mechanisms, then a truck originally made for a flatbed or van will turn out to be no worse than the factory counterpart. To increase the tonnage of the dump truck, the springs should be strengthened with additional elements. But do not overdo it, as cracks in the frame will be inevitable.
However, the re-equipment of the GAZelle is a rather painstaking and costly business. Without special technical knowledge and experience, it is not so easy to carry out this modernization process. Therefore, if it is possible to use the help of specialists, then it is better to do so.
If we use this text on installing the body on the GAZelle as information material, photos depicting in detail technological process conversions can be of great help to you.
Summary of the review
Flatbed dump truck manufactured Gorky Automobile Plant based on GAZelle vehicles, is rightfully considered an excellent and reliable assistant in various areas of human activity, which has been repeatedly proven in practice. After all, the application heavy vehicles not always expedient and cost-effective, and in the urban cycle and not always possible.
With the development of the auto industry in the future, there is a high probability that even newer models will be released, technical indicators and the possibilities of which will delight their fans.
So, we found out what is such a type of equipment as a GAZelle dump truck. Also, motorists have many questions about this tractor, but this is a topic for another article.
