What is the seat belt made of? Types of seat belts and their pros

December 13th, 2013

... but why paw? :-)

This is how seat belts work. Let's find out the history of this device in the car.

Believe it or not, they came up with it in 1885. It was in the United States, where the inventor Edward J. Claghorn from New York received the first patent for a seat belt. Which was intended ... to fix the coachman. At the beginning of the 19th century, the English inventor George Cayley (Sir George Cayley) suggested using seat belts for airplanes. And in 1913, the belt was first used by Adolphe Pégoud (Célestin Adolphe Pégoud), a French aviation pioneer and one of the first performers of the “dead loop” (he did it two weeks after Nesterov).

True, on May 11, 1903, Gustave-Désiré Leveau also patented the invention of “protective car brackets” for passengers in a vehicle. And in the same year, the five-point seat belt was invented by Louis Renault.

Why didn't you buckle up?

The inventors invented, changed, improved - and the manufacturers did not want to hear about any belts. Firstly, they were imperfect, and secondly, they had to be additionally attached to the seat. The first car, originally equipped with seat belts, was in 1948. In 1959 patented three-point harness became a mandatory accessory for the Volvo PV 544 and P120 Amazon, and a couple of years later for many Saab cars.

The inventor of the three-point belt was Nils Bohlin, a Volvo aeronautical engineer who originally worked for Saab. In 1985, the German Patent Office even noted this invention among the eight that brought mankind the most great benefit over the last 100 years.

How it was:

On August 13, 1959, a brand new Volvo car PV 544 equipped with latest novelty- three-point seat belts. The name of the inventor of these miracle belts, which saved the lives of millions of people, has never thundered to the whole world and is known only to those who are specifically interested in this topic. Indeed, the Swede Nils Bohlin has always been and remains a modest engineer who, like many geniuses, was primarily interested in the actual process of invention, and not in the benefits that this could bring him.

Nils Ivar Bohlin was born in 1920 in Swedish city Hernosand (Härnösand, Sweden). Nils received a degree in mechanical engineering from the Swedish school Härnösand Läroverk in 1939, and in 1942 he already began working as an aircraft designer for the Saab aircraft company. It was then that he focused his attention on the development and improvement of ejection seats.

In the late 1950s, Bolin was already working with automotive giant‘Volvo’, where he was listed as a safety engineer. It was here that he invented his famous three-point seat belts, which forever staked out the name of the Swedish inventor in the history of the automotive industry. Yes, he worked on seat belt during the year, and here the skills gained while working on the Saab ejection seats came in very handy.
Patent for new type car belt No. 3043625 was received in the same 1959, and 10 years later, in 1969, Bolin was already head of the Central Research Department of Volvo.

Today, a three-point seat belt has become the standard for all cars, but it took some time until drivers around the world got used to the innovation and began to use it correctly. How did the new, three-point belts differ from the old ones? As it turned out, the fact that in the event of a collision they did not allow the driver to “peck” facing forward, and, in addition, the new seat belts snapped into place with one click.

He left Volvo in 1985. It is known that Nils was married, and he and his wife (Majbrict Bohlin) had two adopted children, and later had many grandchildren.

Nils Bohlin died on September 26, 2002, at the age of 82, from a heart attack; he was buried at Torpa Church in Ramfall, Sweden.

By the way, in Germany, belts with the sign “Gurt zum Anschnallen, Flugzeugbauart” first appeared in 1957 on serial Porsche cars and Mercedes-Benz W111. On others German cars officially approved type of three-point seat belts appeared on April 1, 1961.

Appeared - and caused a storm of discontent. And not only manufacturers (most cars were not ready to install three-point belts), but also drivers who were tightly “chained”. Moreover, since 1967, seat belts have been installed on the rear seats of cars. But from January 1, 1974, the installation of belts on new German cars became mandatory. Although their use was still a matter of voluntary.

The volunteer was persuaded for a long time. In 1972 appeared inertial mechanism tensioning belts, providing passengers with more freedom and safety. The belts have a red unfastening "button" American model. A broad campaign was held in the country under the slogan: Erst gurten, dann starten (First buckle up, then start). Nevertheless, as most often happens, only money could stop the “feat of a volunteer”. On August 1, 1984, driving without a seat belt became punishable - the fine was 40 DM. And the number of fastened drivers and passengers immediately soared to 90 percent.

And I had to buckle up!

By this time, Germany was trailing behind the countries that had passed the law on mandatory use seat belts. The pioneers here were Czechoslovakia (1969), Côte d'Ivoire (1970), Japan (1971), Australia, Brazil and New Zealand (1972). Sweden, by the way, made the use of belts "mandatory" only in January 1975.

Well, in the USSR, the mandatory use of seat belts in the front seats of all cars introduced in 1979. Although the belts themselves were introduced back in 1969 on the 412th Moskvich (in 1973 appeared domestic development, the author is Leonid Oskarovich Teder, the chief specialist of the Estonian plant Norma, which began producing belts), and since 1977 - on the GAZ-24.

In a collision or emergency braking, the force of inertia is so great that it throws a person forward, and this threatens with serious injuries. Scientists have calculated that a small "compact car" that weighs no more than one ton at a speed of 50 km / h has a kinetic energy of 100 J. During a collision, this energy is used to deform the front of the body. The deformation ranges from 30 to 50 cm depending on the design of the machine. In a collision, the magnitude of the force that acts on the driver and passengers is determined according to Newton's second law by the formula F=ma, Where m is the mass of the driver in kilograms, A– acceleration or deceleration in m/s2.

Let's do some simple calculations. If a car that is moving at a speed of 50 km/h collides with a fixed obstacle, and the deformation of the front of its body is 50 cm, then the deceleration value will be 385 m/s2. If we take the average driver, whose mass is 80 kg, then at this moment a force equal to 30,800 newtons will act on him.

What does it mean? This means that in a collision, the mass of the driver increases by 40 times! It is hardly necessary to explain what kind of injuries can be received in such a collision. At least not compatible with life.

THE USE OF SEAT BELTS CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DEATH:

● when head-on collision 2.3 times
● Side impact 1.8 times
● when the vehicle rolls over 5 times

The Moscow Automobile and Road Institute conducted studies that made it possible to establish that most often passengers and drivers of cars get chest and head injuries. At the same time, the source of injuries to people who are driving, in 68%, is steering column, in 28.5% - windshield, in 23.1% - dashboard, in 12.5% ​​- a side pillar and in 3% - a roof.

		Wounded, %
			lethal
Drivers	with straps
	without belts
Passengers in the front seat	with straps
	without belts

According to their design, all seat belts are divided into lap, diagonal and combined. If the waist and diagonal types of belts are not able to provide complete fixation of the body, then the combined one, including both the waist and diagonal straps, guarantees complete security. In turn, the combined three-point belts are of two types: inertial and non-inertial. Retractable seat belts are used on all modern cars. These belts retract special device in an unfastened state.

Today, automakers are trying to improve safety systems as much as possible, including seat belts. Today, seat belts with pretensioners are very popular, the signal for which is the emergency deceleration of the car. They pull passengers and the driver to the seatbacks and react even faster than airbags.

Here are some of the T-shirts they're making right now:

The English company TRL (Transport Research Laboratory) conducted a very serious study and found out why people do not wear seat belts. These data will allow much more effective promotion of the use of this simple, but very effective remedy life saving.

It turns out that many drivers do not use a belt because ... they are afraid of it. A significant part of motorists believe that seat belts do more harm than good. Drivers who do not use belts claim that in a side impact, the seat belts can suffocate the driver, and during frontal collision they break ribs. And drivers also believe that if a person is not fastened, then in a strong frontal collision, he will simply fly out through Windshield, fall on the soft grass and stay alive.

The fear of burning out in a car in the event of an accident is also strong - it is believed that a driver wearing a seat belt when a car ignites will not be able to quickly get out of the passenger compartment and eventually roast alive. But if you do not buckle up, then the fire will not be terrible. Yes, and when the car falls into the water, the fastened person will definitely have to choke and drown. And not fastened - will emerge.

Taxi drivers and truckers have their own fears. Many of them believe that by wearing a seat belt they are more likely to die at the hands of bandits. Taxi drivers are sure that if they are attacked by robbers, they will have time to quickly open the car door and run out into the street. And if they are fastened, they will be killed.
However, the most dangerous misconception concerns another. A huge part of the drivers sincerely believe that the use of a belt is not necessary if their car is equipped with airbags! But in the event of an accident, the pillow can cause very serious injuries to a person who is not wearing a seat belt.

Researchers have found that men, especially young men, are the most likely to not use seat belts. In addition, passengers in the back rows rarely fasten their seat belts. For some reason, they sincerely believe that the second row is much safer in an accident than the front seats. It is also interesting that drivers usually refuse seat belts in the evening and at night. In this case, motorists say that there are few cars on the roads and, they say, you can relax (at the same time, drivers forget that in this case the speed of cars becomes higher, and as a result, the severity of the accident increases).

What do you think? Do you still need to buckle up or is it an obligation, which is not a fact that will help if anything?
sources

Let's remember The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -

It would seem that seat belts appeared in cars in the middle of the last century. Nevertheless, they save lives and prevent injury to millions of people every year. It is noteworthy that seat belts are still being improved. What were they like and what do they do now?

The French were the first to introduce seat belts in cars. As early as 1903, Louis Renault intended to equip all his cars with them. True, then the belts did not take root. Firstly, because of the complexity of their design, since they were five-point. Secondly, at that time the number of cars in France could be counted on the fingers and drivers tried not to wrap themselves with extra "cobwebs". Not only was the probability of an accident then low, and the speeds were low, but driving the car itself was by no means an easy task. There were no power steering yet, the ergonomics of the controls also limped on both legs, so drivers needed, to put it mildly, a certain freedom of movement.

But if the motorists had a choice, then the pilots did not. The dead loop and other aerobatics required the pilot to be firmly fixed in the seat. Therefore, in aviation, belts almost immediately became in demand.

In the 1950s, belts were again tried to return to cars, and this time the inventors decided to simplify their design. Instead of five-point, companies are starting to introduce harnesses with only two attachment points. Nevertheless golden mean found only by Volvo engineer Niels Bohlin, who is credited with the development of modern seat belts. So, in 1959 appeared production model Volvo, which received three-point belts, which are still used in cars today.

But even three-point seat belts were not without flaws. Every new passenger I had to constantly adjust them, because for their effectiveness it was necessary that no more than two fingers pass between the body and the stretched strap. A different passenger size or winter clothing always required an extra fit. Unfortunately, many got rid of this inconvenience very easily and simply did not buckle up. But even here Volvo was ahead of the rest. Instead of adjusting buckles, Niels Bohlin suggested using an inertial coil. The driver or passenger only needs to snap the lock, the reel will remove the excess belt remnants. Thanks to this find, even when fastened, you can safely turn and bend over, the belt will in any case tightly fit the body, practically without restricting freedom of movement.

However, even inertia belts with a lock were far from ideal, since in theory they should firmly press passengers into their seats during an accident. But in practice, things are somewhat different, because people do not sit in one place. Someone might turn around to chat with rear passengers, someone can bend down and look for something in the glove compartment and so on. If something happens, a person will be in danger, especially in a side impact. This problem is intended to be solved pretensioners seat belts.

Cars equipped with them are considered safer, because during an accident they tightly press the body to the seat. At first, the pretensioner mechanisms were pyrotechnic. Now electric drives are becoming more and more popular. With an ever-increasing number of sensors and radars in modern machines electric pretensioners are able to work not only in case of accidents, but also at the slightest sign of their occurrence. That is, they act proactively, and not after the fact. At the same time, unlike pyrotechnics, they work in the literal sense of the word without noise and dust.

In order for the tensioners not to push the person into the seat too hard, the belt reels are equipped with force limiters. As soon as the mechanism detects the exceeding of the limit value downforce, the spool will lengthen the strap slightly to loosen the "grip". Often, electronic pretensioners are paired with sensors. Briefly, the principle of this cooperation can be described as follows: when the airbag begins to open, the seat belt pretensioner may “relax” a little.

The Toyota video clearly demonstrates the coordinated work of pretensioners, limiters and airbags:

As recent events in the automotive industry show, the potential for improving seat belts has not yet been exhausted. Some manufacturers are seriously considering the use four-point belts. And Ford and Mercedes-Benz even developed inflatable seat belts, which have already been introduced into production cars. Belts are not a relic of the past at all and still play a major role in ensuring safety. In addition, it is important to remember that no matter how many advanced security systems a car is stuffed with, they all rely on the fact that the driver and passengers are fastened.

And finally, a photo of the first stock car equipped with seat belts, Volvo PV544:

Modern cars are distinguished by a huge number of security systems. So, electronics allows you not to lose control over the machine in case of emergency(skid, emergency braking and so on). But not all situations can be avoided. Therefore, in case a collision occurs, elements are implemented in the car passive safety. One of these is the belt. What is it and what types are there? Let's take a look at our today's article.

Characteristic

Belts are the most common element of passive safety. Their main task is to prevent the movement of a person in the event of an accident. The use of a seat belt reduces the risk of injury in a collision, and significantly eliminates the possibility of hitting hard parts of the body and glass.

Few people know, but belts appeared on cars at the beginning of the 20th century. This system "migrated" to cars from aviation. However, at that time it was only available as an option. Most widespread seat belt received after the 50s. And in the USSR, such systems began to appear only with the advent of the Zhiguli. The installation of seat belts is carried out by the factory itself, at the stage of vehicle assembly. Also, the owners are engaged in the installation of so-called sports belts. But more on that later.

About design

The main element of the seat belt is the tape. It is made of dense polyester fibers. Such material is able to withstand significant loads and does not tear. The tape forms a kind of webbing that keeps the driver and passengers in a given position and prevents the risk of displacement in the event of an accident. There are many examples of how unfastened people hit the glass and simply flew out of the cabin. The use of a belt allows you to securely fix the body and prevent accidents.

The design also includes:

• Lock.
• Limiters.
• Belt attachment points. They may or may not be regulated.
• inertial coils.
• Seat belt pretensioner.

These elements differ only in number. However, injury safety depends on this factor. Below we will look at what types of seat belts are.

point-to-point

These are the very first systems that appeared in cars. However, they can still be found today. As a rule, such belts are used for the middle passenger in the back row. The disadvantage of this system is that the length of the tape is not adjustable. Because of this, you have to use a seat belt extension. It is sold separately and costs about $25.

This type belt runs in the passenger's waist area, across the seat. From a security point of view, such a system is ineffective. After all, it holds the body only in the lumbar zone. In a frontal impact, a part of the body will be loose and move forward. The stronger the collision, the higher the risk of spinal injury.

Three-point

It's already over modern look, which is used on both the driver's and passenger's seats. The system provides three fixation points, among which one (the one closer to the top of the rack) has the ability to adjust in height.

The lower part is equipped with a reel for winding the tape. This scheme provides a secure fixation of the body. Fixation is performed on the chest and in the lumbar zone. At the same time, the belt does not restrict movements and is very convenient to use. It is enough to lay it down and fix it at one point on the latch.

Four point seat belt

These are already the sports options that we talked about earlier. The design is used on cars that participate in rallies and circuit races. From a security standpoint, they are the best option. But why is the four-point seat belt so little used? All because of the specifics of use. To fix all the mechanisms, you have to spend a lot of time. IN daily operation this is not necessary, and the three-point ones do their job quite well.

Note that fixing options may be different. But the most popular is two straps with one-piece fastening and one in the lumbar area. The advantage of this scheme is that the vertical tapes are attached directly to the seat, and not to the body.

To use such a belt, you must first throw the vertical elements over your shoulders (similar to putting on a backpack), and then stretch the lumbar and fix it on the latch.

There are also schemes where the vertical tapes can be detached. For this, there is an additional lock and tongues at the ends.

Seat belt anchor

It may be different. If we take into account the majority of cars, fasteners are carried out on body elements. Such a scheme is used in order to ensure that upon impact (when the mechanisms are assigned maximum load) the tape has not fallen off the attachment points. If the fasteners were on a regular seat, it could simply be pulled out. But why is such a scheme practiced on sports chairs? The fact is that the seat itself has a much greater rigidity and all attachment points are pre-calculated for deformation and stretching.

We also note that on trucks a special tape installation scheme is used. Here the belt is pulled out of the seat back.

This is done so that the tape does not go up and down on bumps, since the chair has a separate air suspension. Often this design is used on large buses and main tractors. However, do not assume that it is unreliable. At the factory, engineers carefully calculate these attachment points, so we can say with confidence that such belts are very reliable and safe.

How it works?

We will take three-point systems as a basis, since they are the most common. So, after getting into the car, the driver pulls out the tape and fixes the tongue in the lock. Further inertial coil automatically removes excess. In the event of a collision, the sensors will activate the pretensioner. As a result, the strap will stretch. If the blow intensifies, the torsion bar will come into play. He gradually increases the length of the belt in order to reduce the pressing force on the body. Also note that the belt material itself is stretched upon impact. Despite the density, polyester can lengthen by hundredths of a centimeter. This will soften the inertia.

On older belts (without pretensioners), the reel performs the function of holding a person. At sharp acceleration body is blocked. And then the torsion bar is already in action.

Conclusion

So, we found out what a seat belt is and what types it is. Finally, we note that after a significant impact, belts cannot be reused. After all, the material is stretched and is no longer able to withstand such a load.

The study of the consequences of accidents on the roads showed that in the vast majority of accidents, injuries to people arise from impacts as a result of a sharp change in speed during a collision of cars. To prevent this, special restraint systems are provided - seat belts.

Numerous studies have confirmed that the use of seat belts to fasten people in a car can reduce the severity of the consequences of an accident. In particular, observations show that the number of injured drivers and passengers of cars who used belts decreased by 2.4 times, and the number of deaths - by 3.7 times compared to those who did not use them.

How to use?

The gap (distance) between the belt and the body is essential. With a gap of 200 millimeters or more, the effect of such an application is zero. The point is that with such free position there are cases of diving under it, which can lead to suffocation. The optimal gap is 25 millimeters, that is, a palm should pass between the belt and the body at chest level.

Not so harmless, and in some cases dangerous, is throwing on the belt without closing it, which is often done by both drivers and passengers. A loose buckle in an accident can cause injury to a person sitting next to it.

It is also important correct position driver behind the wheel. If the seat is set to the rearmost position, then it is difficult for the driver using seat belts to reach the ignition switch, he feels constrained and quickly gets tired. It is not safe when the seat is moved to the most forward position: the driver almost lies with his chest on the steering wheel.

It is necessary to ensure that the belt in the free position is not pinched by the door, does not rub against sharp edges in the car, does not get dirty or twisted. A dirty strap loses its elasticity, strength, and if it is twisted, the contact area of ​​the strap with the human body decreases, and this can aggravate the severity of the injury.

If the belt in the car sticks and does not return to its original position when it is unfastened, then the dirt that has formed on it over time is to blame. To get rid of jamming, they need to be washed. For example, I'm on my personal experience I took them off the car and washed everything thoroughly at home (you can soak it overnight). Installed it the next day and everything works fine.

What is the penalty?

From my own experience, I can say that you need to learn how to use seat belts every time you drive. If before most motorists ignored them, they say nothing will happen. Now the fine for driving without a belt is 500 rubles. But it's not about money, it's about safety. Buckle up every day, and after a while it will become a habit. Even when traveling 10 meters, you will buckle up on the machine. This useful habit can save lives.

Seat belts are one of the best means passive protection. They prevent the body from moving during impacts and collisions. Enhanced Efficiency can be achieved through cushions built into the hard parts of the cabin.

Attention! The use of seat belts in the design of the car helps to avoid a number of serious injuries.

An interesting social video about the consequences of seat belts:

Types of seat belts

Automotive industry over 100 years of constant evolution. It is not surprising that during this time many unique designs appeared. It is most convenient to classify the types of seat belts according to the number of fixation points:

• point-to-point;
• three-point;
• four-point;
• five-point;
• six-point.

Most cars now have three-point seat belts. They have V arrangement, thanks to which it is possible to achieve an optimal distribution of energy in a collision.

Attention! For the first time, three-point seat belts were installed by engineers Volvo. This happened in 1959. The author of the development is Niels Bohlin.

Perhaps the most famous modification of such a device is the Belt-in-Seat design. In it, the shoulder part of the latch is attached to the back. The first to introduce this technology into production were representatives Mercedes. It happened way back in 1990.

The first car to be sold in the states with BIS technology was the Mercedes-Benz SL. This is a premium car, in which the comfort of passengers and their safety at that time reached an unprecedented level.

Attention! It is believed that BIS technology helps to avoid injury when a vehicle rolls over.

Two point harnesses were created in the first place. True, a hundred years ago it was a simple rope stretched across the driver's belt. Interestingly, after such a long time, this technology is still used, however, in airplanes and for the back seats of cars.

Seat belts with four fixation points can be seen on sports cars. They provide more secure fixation body and much less comfort. Nevertheless, this technology is considered very promising. True, to install the structure in a car, upper mounts are required.

Five-point harness security has also found its way into the sports entertainment industry. They are also used in child seats. In fact, this is a whole set of belts, consisting of many straps.

Attention! One belt in a five-point design goes through the legs, two through the waist, and the same number through the shoulders.

The six-point design is basically the same as the five-point design, but there is another additional seat belt that goes through the rider's legs. As a result, this is the most robust design.

Separately, it is worth noting that technology does not stand still. New developments in the field of security are constantly being created. One of the most promising is the inflatable belt design. The principle of operation is extremely simple. As soon as an accident occurs, a special chamber is filled with gas. Due to the gas, the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe belt increases. This means that less load is created on the human body, due to a more rational distribution of mass. Also, this design provides additional protection in a side collision.

Attention! The gas cushion is built into the shoulder strap only.

In reality there is whole line interesting concepts which performed well in tests. These include Volvo SCC's criss-cross seat belt device. The 3+2 system deserves special attention. It was created by Autoliv and provides enhanced rollover protection. vehicle.

What is the seat belt made of?

The main structure of the seat belt consists of:

• straps;
• castle;
• fastening bolts;
• retractor.

For the production of straps is most often used synthetic material. The main requirement for him is high level strength. The seat belt retractor works on the basis of a ratchet mechanism. Emergency blocking occurs due to the sensitive element.

The basis of the sensitive element is a simple metal ball. When it moves, the coil is fixed by a system of levers. Some designs use a pendulum instead of a ball.

The device of the inertial seat belt can be viewed on the video:

Separately, you need to talk about the system responsible for the gradual tension of the tape. This is due to the flywheel. It is mounted on the axis of the coil. This is a small disk that makes the process smooth. But if an accident occurs, a jerk is formed, due to which the disk has to overcome the friction force. In parallel, there is pressure on the helical surface.

Attention! As a result of the actions described above, the disk is displaced and the ratchet is blocked.

The seat belt device helps to ensure the safety of passengers during collisions. But even they have a certain limit of effectiveness. At speeds over 200 kilometers per hour, belts will be of little use.

The bolts in the seat belt device are responsible for the secure fastening of the entire structure while riding. They are made of hard alloy that can withstand serious loads. Moreover, they are attached to the car frame to ensure maximum reliability.

Operating rules

At first glance, the seat belt is extremely easy to use. But there are certain nuances, the knowledge of which will allow you to use it as efficiently as possible.

First of all, do not overtighten the seat belt. Of course, this will provide a stronger fixation, but the risk of injury increases several times.

However, too little tension significantly weakens the braking effect of the seat belt device in the vehicle. There is a proven method that allows you to conduct correct setting. It is necessary to make such a tension so that you can put your hand under the belt, and there is a noticeable compression on the brush.

Attention! When setting up the device, it is necessary that you can easily reach all the controls of the car.

Do not, under any circumstances, fasten the harness in a twisted state! It won't provide right level fixation. Moreover, it will be simply inconvenient for you to drive a car.

An important rule operation is that after an accident occurs, the entire fixing device must be changed, including straps and bolts. There are several reasons for this.

Firstly, under strong tension, the tapes lose their properties and strength. Therefore, it is dangerous to continue using them. Secondly, complete replacement must be carried out every 5-10 years due to natural wear and tear.

Attention! Each brand of car is equipped with an original device for fixing the driver and passengers. Do not replace with a cheap analogue.

Operation of seat belts and airbags

As mentioned above, a pillow can only be effective in combination with braces. Moreover, if the driver is not fastened, the airbags may simply not work in the event of a collision.

The straps and the rest of the device, in fact, are one of the elements of the overall safety complex, which should save the life of the driver and passengers, as well as prevent injuries.

If you are not wearing a seat belt, the airbags can cause serious damage when deployed. The fact is that the impact force is not softened by anything, and this will make the collision very hard.

Statistics

If we take into account car statistics an accident, then a fastened shoulder strap saves in 70 percent of cases. In turn, pillows have proven their effectiveness in only 20%.

It is very important that absolutely everything in the cabin is fastened, including passengers on rear seats. The fact is that with a strong impact, an unfastened passenger will randomly move around the cabin, injuring everyone else.

The use of seat belts can greatly reduce the risk of injury in a collision. Moreover, fastened shoulder straps can save lives. There are many designs that are installed in different types machines. In most cases, manufacturers use a three-point locking system. Although more and more interesting alternatives are appearing, gradually being introduced into life.