Rvs dimensions. Vertical steel tanks

Tanks Vertical Steel RVS produced by " Volgograd Plant Tank Structures" - PO VZRK have Certificates of Conformity No. ROSS RU. AV28.N12262, No. ROSS RU. AV28.N12263.

tanks vertical steel cylindrical ( RVS) are designed for receiving, storing, dispensing oil products and water, as well as other liquids, in various climatic conditions.

Production of steel cylindrical vertical tanks VST, which are the cheapest type of oil storage, is carried out in a fairly short time.

Technology manufacturing of vertical tanks involves the use of methods of rolling, sheet-by-sheet assembly, as well as a combined method.

Types of roofs for RVS

Manufacture (production) of vertical RVS tanks by the method of rolling

Rolling is an industrial method of rolling into rolls of welded panels assembled from individual sheets processed around the perimeter. Advantage this method is to reduce to a minimum welding work on the installation site by an average of 80%, since the work on the connection and welding of walls, bottoms, pontoon bottoms and bottoms of floating roofs is carried out in the factory using automatic welding.

Steel sheets of modular dimensions 1500 × 6000 mm are welded using automatic equipment into panels of the required dimensions and rolled into special devices, which provide their movement and transportation. The length of the rolls reaches 18 m, and the weight is consistent with the carrying capacity of the rolling stock.

The minimum installation time for vertical tanks in this way is reduced by 3–4 times compared to classical system production of RVS tanks from welded sheets.

Manufacture of vertical RVS tanks by sheet assembly method

In addition to the manufacture of vertical tanks by the roll method, the method of assembling the walls and bottoms of the RVS tanks in a sheet-by-sheet version of the walls and bottoms of the VST tanks using sheets with a maximum size of 2500 × 10000 mm is used.

Mechanical restoration sheet edges and chamfering with specified parameters for welding can be done in two ways: on stationary machines (face milling machine, longitudinal milling machine) and manual edge milling machines BM20. Sheet structures of the walls and bottom parts are packed and transported in specially made lodgements (containers).

It is possible to manufacture a vertical steel RVS tank from low-carbon, low-alloy and of stainless steel.

Standard versions vertical steel tanks:

Tank types

Due to the relatively small volumes of annual sales, the total capacity of the tanks for each oil product is usually small. Therefore, the unit capacity of tanks at oil depots, as a rule, is small and ranges from 100 to 5000 m 3 .

Reservoirs for storage of petroleum products are underground and ground. Underground tanks include tanks, the highest liquid level in which is not less than 0.2 m below the lowest planning mark of the adjacent territory (within 3 m from the tank wall or from the walls of a building or structure). The rest of the tanks are considered above ground.

The following types of tanks are used at oil depots:

• vertical steel;
• horizontal steel;
• reinforced concrete.

Vertical steel tanks

RVS type

Vertical steel cylindrical tanks with a fixed roof (RVS type) are the most common. They are a cylindrical body 1, welded from steel sheets 1.5 × 6 m in size, 4 ... 25 mm thick, with a shield conical or spherical roof. In the manufacture of the case, the long side of the sheets is horizontal. One horizontal row of sheets welded together is called the tank belt. Tank belts are interconnected in steps, telescopically or end-to-end.

Shield roof 2 rests on trusses and (for tanks large capacity) to the B-pillar 3.

The bottom of the tank 5 is welded, located on a sand cushion treated with bitumen to prevent corrosion, and has a slope from the center to the periphery. This provides more complete removal commercial water.

Reservoirs of the RVS type are constructed with a volume of 100 to 100,000 m 3 . They are designed for an overpressure of about 2000 Pa and a vacuum of about 200 Pa.

RVSP type

Vertical steel cylindrical tanks with a pontoon (RVSP type) are tanks similar in design to RVS type tanks (have a stationary roof), but equipped with a pontoon floating on the surface of gasoline. The pontoons move along two guide pipes, one of which is simultaneously used for manual sampling (4), and the other serves as a sampler housing (5), equipped with a sealing gate 3, carefully grounded.

Pontoons are a rigid gas-tight structure that covers at least 95% of the oil product surface, equipped with an annular seal that seals the remaining surface.

Pontoons are metal and synthetic. The metal pontoon consists of metal boxes of segments located along the circumference and connected by a metal flooring (carpet). Boxes are open (without top cover) And closed type. Pontoons with boxes of the second type are more metal-intensive, but also more reliable - they cannot be skewed and even flooded due to oil products entering them through the top cover.

Synthetic pontoons are much less metal intensive. They are different in design. For example, a pontoon developed by VNIISPTneft (now IPTER) consists of a stiffening ring, on which a mesh is stretched, which serves as the basis for a carpet made of gas-tight polyamide film. The buoyancy of this design is provided by floats made of chemically resistant to oil products tile foam. Synthetic pontoons made of polyurethane foam have also become widespread. They are assembled from prefabricated rigid polyurethane foam segments.

Regardless of the design, all pontoons must be grounded (to avoid discharges static electricity), equipped with guides (to avoid rotation under the influence of oil jets), as well as supports (to ensure the possibility of cleaning and repairing the tank, as well as preventing the pontoon from “sticking” to the bottom).

RVSPK type

Vertical steel cylindrical tank with a floating roof (RVSPK type). The wall 4 of the tank is reinforced with stiffening rings 3, as well as an annular stiffening platform 5, which ensure the overall stability of the structure.

The floating roof consists of a flat central part and a peripheral annular pontoon 16 with sealed boxes. Each box has a 600 mm hatch on top, closed with a removable lid, which allows you to control the tightness welds during the operation of the tank.

In its lowest position, the floating roof rests on support posts 8 (the tank RVSPK 50000 has 152 of them with a diameter of 89 mm). Racks are fixed on the floating roof and move with it. The height of the racks (1.8…2 m) makes it possible to work in the tank under a floating roof.

To prevent its rotation during movement, there are two diametrically located tubular guides made of pipes with a diameter of 530 mm.

Horizontal steel tanks

Horizontal cylindrical tanks (RGS type) are a horizontally located cylinder with a flat or conical bottom. The tank body is constructed at the factory from steel sheets with a width of 1000 to 2000 mm. They are installed either underground (in dry soils with a depth of 1.2 m to the upper generatrix), or above ground (on precast concrete supports 0.8 ... 3 m high and 0.3 ... 0.4 m wide).

RGS type tanks are manufactured in volume from 3 to 100 m 3 and are designed for overpressure from 40,000 (for tanks with a flat bottom) to 70,000 Pa (for tanks with a conical bottom) and for vacuum up to 1000 Pa.

Reinforced concrete tanks

Reinforced concrete tanks (type ZhBR) are cylindrical and rectangular. The former are more common because they are more economical, although rectangular tanks are easier to manufacture.

Reinforced concrete tanks are made, as a rule, from prestressed reinforced concrete panels, the seams between which are sealed with concrete. Floor slabs rest on walls, and in some cases on beams. The bottom is mainly made of monolithic concrete, 50 cm thick.

Cylindrical tanks of the ZhBR type are constructed with a volume of 100 to 40,000 m 3. They are designed for an overpressure of about 200 Pa and a vacuum of about 100 Pa.

Reservoirs of the ZhBR type require less metal consumption than steel ones. However, during their operation, a number of shortcomings were revealed. First of all, the existing structures of the reinforced concrete tanks overlap do not have sufficient tightness and do not prevent the penetration of oil vapors from the tank into the atmosphere. Another problem is the fight against the floating of tanks when high level ground water. Finally, there are difficulties with the repair internal equipment reinforced concrete tanks.

Due to the above and a number of other reasons, ZhBR-type tanks are not currently being built.

Reservoirs of RVSP and RVSPK types are used only for storage of volatile oil products, RVS type - for both light and dark oil products, and ZhBR type (existing) - only for dark ones.

Branch pipes. Heater

Foam concentrates

Vertical tanks used for storage of petroleum products, chemical liquids, food products and other aggressive and non-aggressive media. They are a necessary element of the technological chain of many industries: petrochemical, food, gas, metallurgical, etc. They are most widely used in the petrochemical industry, being integral part tank farms, oil loading terminals at oil production, processing and storage enterprises.

Their design, manufacture, installation and operation are regulated by the following regulatory documents (see section "Designer"):

• GOST 31385-2016 "Vertical cylindrical steel tanks for oil and oil products. General specifications";
• PB 03-584-03 "Rules for the design, manufacture and acceptance of steel welded vessels and apparatus";
• STO-SA-03-002-2009 "Rules for the design, manufacture and installation of vertical cylindrical steel tanks for oil and oil products";
• STO 0048-2005 "Vertical cylindrical steel tanks for storage of liquid products. Design rules";
• VSN 141-80 "Instruction for the supply of steel structures by steel structure plants";
• VSN 311-89 "Installation of steel vertical cylindrical tanks for storing oil and oil products with a volume of 100 to 50,000 m 3 ";
• RD 16.01-60.30.00-KTN-026-1-04 "Design standards for steel vertical tanks for oil storage with a volume of 1000-50000 m 3".

In accordance with them, several requirements are imposed on the working environment:

• liquid density should not exceed 1t/m 3 ;
• storage of the product can be carried out without pressure or under overpressure of 0.002 MPa, increased pressure of 0.069 MPa and vacuum of 0.001 MPa.

Classifications of tanks for petroleum products

Depending on the operating conditions and volume, the following classes are distinguished:

• I class - especially dangerous reservoirs more than 10000 m 3 , RVS more than 5000 m 3 , which are located within the city or along the banks of reservoirs;
• II class - RVS heightened danger 5000-10000 m 3;
• III class - hazardous tanks up to 5000 m 3 .

To comply with fire and environmental safety measures, they must have a roof or pontoon to prevent the evaporation of flammable oil products and, accordingly, ingress harmful substances into the surrounding air.

According to the design and operating conditions, there are RVS:

• with a fixed roof, operating under an overpressure of 0.002 MPa and a vacuum of 0.001 MPa;
• with a fixed roof, operating at high blood pressure 0.069 MPa;
• with pontoon or floating roof, operating without pressure and vacuum.

Saratov Reservoir Plant manufactures vertical cylindrical tanks for storage of oil products up to 50,000 m 3 with a pontoon, floating or fixed roof.

Construction of RVS tanks for oil

They are vertical cylindrical containers different heights and diameter for storing up to 50,000 m 3 of liquids.

From above, there must be a roof (stationary or floating) or a pontoon, which are attached to the wall with an annular stiffener.

The choice of the type of flooring depends on the requirements of the Customer, on the operating conditions and the nature of the stored liquid.

Containers are also supplied technological equipment(manholes, nozzles), stairs, platform with / or fencing.

Diagram of a vertical tank

Stationary tank roofs

They are used to prevent air pollution by flammable vapours. There are frameless and framed. Frameless construction is used for small volumes - up to 5000 m 3 .

Each type can have two different geometric shapes: conical or spherical.

Frameless roofs- this is a flooring sheet of a conical or spherical shape, depending on the volume: conical frameless ones are installed with a volume of up to 1000 m 3, and spherical - up to 5000 m 3.

frame roofs- this is a load-bearing metal structure, which is attached to the shell, and a flooring that freely rests on the frame. They are also called light-weighted. They are more resistant to high dynamic loads and are used for volumes over 5000 m 3 . They are manufactured in an explosion-proof design, as they can perform the function emergency valve in the event of an increase in pressure: instead of serious destruction and deformation, the flooring is torn off at the place of welding of the frame, because the deck itself is not attached to the hull. This ensures integrity.

Floating roof steel tanks

They are used with a maximum snow load of not more than 1.5 kPa and are specially mounted with a weight of the central part for a slope to the center, which prevents the working product from getting to the surface.

Floating roofs are single-deck and double-deck. The single-deck design has operational limitations: they are installed on a hull with a diameter of up to 50 m with a maximum wind load of 100 km/h. Double is a reinforced version that has greater buoyancy.

Pontoons for vertical tanks

They are used in conjunction with fixed flooring. The pontoon is HDD made of steel or aluminium. It must cover at least 90% of the surface and be necessarily gas-tight, which prevents loss of the working medium.

Bottoms of RVS tanks

RVS up to 1000 m 3 are manufactured with flat bottoms. Their thickness is the same around the perimeter.

The larger ones have conical bottoms, which may have a slope towards the center or away from the center. The most common is a conical base with a slope from the center, because. this helps to avoid bottom sediment deposits. The conical structure is made of a central part and annular edges of thicker metal.

The choice of type depends on the volume.

Summary table of specifications

Volume, m3	50	100	200	300	400	500	700	1000	2000	3000	5000		10000		20000	30000	50000
Wall inner diameter, mm	3800	4730	6630	7580	8530	8530	10430	10430	15180	18980	22800	20920	34200	28500	39900	45600	60700
Wall height, mm	4500	6000	6000	7500	7500	9000	9000	12000	12000	12000	12000	15000	12000	17880	18000	18000	18000
Wall
Number of belts, pcs.	3	4	4	5	5	6	6	8	8	8	8	10	8	12	12	9	8
Upper belt thickness, mm	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	7	8	8	12	12	11
Thickness of the lower belt, mm	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	8	10	12	10	13	18	22	25
Bottom
Thickness of the central part, mm	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	8
Edge thickness, mm	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	7	8	10	8	12	14	16	16
Roof
Flooring thickness, mm	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	6	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5
Weight, kg
Wall	2183	3638	5094	7277	8187	9824	12007	16410	25581	36385	48426	62930	86450	126243	261122	299500	409480
Bottom	495	757	1467	1909	2409	2409	3582	3584	8205	12903	19052	17577	40756	33206	62606	102400	220649
Roof	529	767	1549	2715	2882	2882	4726	5379	12380	19350	31700	25340	78619	51611	110000	136200	325047
Ladder	350	950	950	950	950	950	1200	1200	1200	1200	1200	1200	1200	2300	5100	1830	20600
Roof decks	633	788	1104	1263	1421	1421	1737	1737	2257	3159	3795	3483	5692	5600	6642	8500	10102
Accessories	1072	1162	1162	1162	1442	1442	1772	1772	1772	1772	2512	4238	4631	4852	5294	5294	5294
Manholes and pipes	400	400	425	774	774	774	951	951	1077	1447	2460	2968	2986	2986	3561	6100	12384
Frames and packaging	900	1100	1100	1100	1100	1300	1300	1700	3000	3400	5100	9600	10200	17550	24000	29600	52800
Total	6562	9562	12851	17150	19165	21002	27277	33433	55785	81359	113505	126792	230516	245835	477725	589424	1056356

Vertical tanks with protective wall

They are a glass in a glass. The oil product or other liquid is stored in the inner casing. The outer wall is necessary to prevent harmful substances from entering the soil or air in the event of a leak.

The inner body is made with a floating or fixed roof. External - this is the so-called "glass" with a height of at least 80% of the height of the main tank. If a canopy is provided, ventilation of the interwall space must be provided, the width of which must be at least 1.5 m. The bottom of the main tank may come into contact with the bottom of the protective one. In some cases, it is necessary to provide free space between the bottoms, for example, to provide improved leakage control. Then the base of the inner vessel rests on reinforcing meshes or gratings.

Production of vertical cylindrical tanks

Saratov Reservoir Plant manufactures RVS tanks in accordance with TU-5265-002-694784422013 and has the necessary Certificates of Conformity.

We produce RVS of any hazard class and any design.

Sheet steel is used for production various brands depending on the chemical characteristics stored product and from climatic conditions at the site of operation:

• St3sp - for climatic zones with a minimum temperature of -40°С
• 09G2S - for climatic zones with temperature environment below -40°С
• 12X18H10T - for storing food, water or acids, has high corrosion resistance

Metal structures can be manufactured in two ways: by rolled or sheet-by-sheet assembly. It is also possible to produce by a combined method.

Production of vertical tanks using the roll method

The roll assembly method provides for prefabrication of steel billets for bottoms, walls and roof elements, their automatic or semi-automatic welding, and then installation at the construction site. Traditionally, tanks up to 5000 m 3 are one roll, more than 10,000 m 3 - four rolls.

Rolls are unfolded at the assembly site: first, the hull roll is placed in a vertical position on the already unfolded bottom. Then it is deployed and fixed in the design position. Then the joints are welded and the coating is mounted. The body is connected to the bottom by two-layer welding of internal and external seams.

From the outside, the surfaces can be covered with a heat-insulating layer - sheathing made of aluminum or galvanized steel sheets with a thickness of 0.9 and 0.7 mm, respectively.

Small-diameter bottoms are produced by the rolling method. In the production of large tanks, the peripheral part consists of individual elements, which form a belt, and the lower belt is already attached to it.

Manufacture of vertical tanks by sheet assembly

This method is the production of individual sheets of the required thickness and maximum size 2500x10000 mm. The edges are processed on face milling or longitudinal milling machines and edge milling machines. Further, the steel sheets are transported to the construction site, where they are mounted in a ready-made container.

Certain requirements are imposed on the production process to ensure proper quality:

• edges are processed by planing or milling
• steel sheets should not have bumps, burrs and blockages
• before welding work the surface must be mechanically cleaned from scale, slag and other contaminants
• ultrasonic testing of welded seams for tightness is required

Upon completion of installation work at the construction site, the initial calibration of the tank is carried out to determine its capacity and its calibration.

Accuracy and compliance with the design and manufacturing standards for vertical RVS tanks contribute to their long-term operation, tightness, reliability and safety.

At our Plant, RVS are manufactured both in rolls and in sheets.

How to order production at the Saratov Reservoir Plant?

In order to find out the cost of a vertical tank, you can:

• make a phone call 8-800-555-9480
• send the completed Questionnaire to email
• use the form "", specify contact details, and our specialist will contact you

Saratov Reservoir Plant performs comprehensive services for the construction of facilities. We offer:

• performance of engineering surveys at oil and gas facilities, including especially hazardous and technically complex ones
• design, development of the project and approval of the project for the construction of oil and gas and chemical industry facilities
• production of vertical tanks, containers, vessels, apparatuses and other metal structures
• delivery and installation of products own production according to binding project

Vertical steel tanks are used for stationary storage of oil and oil products, as well as various technological mixtures and liquids, the density of which does not exceed 1000 kg/m3. With a relatively low cost and short production time, RVS are characterized by reliability and durability. This allows them to be used at facilities that belong to the category of increased danger:

• tank farms;
• oil storage facilities;
• at the enterprises of the chemical industry, etc.

Design of vertical steel tanks

As a rule, the internal volume of the RVS is 400-50000 cubic meters. Tanks of smaller capacity are made with a horizontal design. If necessary, storage of larger volumes, in most cases, a tank group is used. The design of vertical steel tanks is carried out depending on the purpose in accordance with the requirements of RD 16.01-60.30.00, a number of state regulations, as well as others. normative documents, including GOST R 52910.

Structurally, RVS are:

• with a fixed roof (SRT) - flat, conical or spherical;
• with a pontoon (RVSP);
• with a floating roof (RVSPK).

The first type of roof is used for RVS, designed to store water or liquids with low level volatility and ignition temperature above 610 ° C (fuel oil, diesel fuel, bitumen, various oils etc.). The fixed roof can be explosion-proof. This design is called easily discharged and is designed to compensate for the excess pressure that occurs in the internal volume of the RVS. The pontoon is installed on a tank that will store products with an ignition temperature below 610 ° C and a saturated vapor pressure in the range of 26.6-93.3 kPa (gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, oil, etc.).

The floating roof is installed on the RVS, the design of which must exclude the evaporation of stored products. On reservoir sites where there is no possibility of bunding or those that are located close to settlements or reservoirs, new tanks are equipped with a special protective wall. This design (“glass in a glass”) prevents spillage of the stored product over the surrounding area in case of damage and depressurization.

The type and design of the RVS are accepted based on the characteristics of the stored liquids, as well as the technological purpose of the system. During new construction or reconstruction of existing tanks, the height of their walls should not be higher than that of existing ones, which are located in the sameth technological group (except for cases when the long-term construction/reconstruction plan provides for their replacement with new VSTs with an increased inlet height).

Depending on the features technological processes, as well as the location of the tank farm and a number of other factors, tanks can be equipped with:

• various shut-off and control valves;
• pumping units;
• sensors-relays of level, temperature and pressure;
• other equipment necessary for the operation of the system.

The configuration of the RVS should be justified in detail in the project.

It should be remembered that in order to prevent overflow, as well as to protect pipelines and pipeline fittings, it is necessary to provide for the discharge of stored liquid through a separate pipeline without shut-off devices into at least two separate tanks.

Production of vertical steel tanks

The following types of steel alloys are selected as materials for the manufacture of RVS:

• low carbon;
• low-alloyed;
• stainless.

When developing a design for a VST, it should be taken into account that such objects belong to hazard class I (PB 03-605-03, GOST 27751-88), and the calculated cycle of their loading is no more than 350 cycles per year. The production of RVS tanks with a capacity of 5000 cubic meters and more is carried out by the method of sheet assembly, and RVS, the volume of which does not exceed 3000 cubic meters, can also be produced and mounted by rolling. In addition, a combined method for the manufacture of RVS is also possible.

The essence of the rolling method is the manufacture and processing along the perimeter of individual steel sheets with dimensions of 1500x6000 mm, which are welded into sheets and rolled into rolls. The manufacture of vertical steel tanks using this technology, in comparison with the sheet-by-sheet method, has the following advantages:

• 80% reduction in the amount of welding work;
• 3-4 times reduction in installation time.

Sheet-to-sheet assembly involves the use of sheets with dimensions of 2500x10000 mm. If this technology is used, then the processing of edges and chamfering with the parameters necessary for welding is performed on:

• stationary face milling or longitudinal milling machines;
• manual edge-cutting machines.

The manufacture of vertical steel RVS tanks is carried out in accordance with standard or individual projects. To facilitate the maintenance process of the facility, the tanks are equipped with auxiliary technological elements:

• hatches;
• nozzles;
• stairs;
• service platforms, etc.

It should be noted that modern main oil pipelines, as well as pipelines transporting various process fluids and mixtures, tend to increase bandwidth. Accordingly, the volumes of RVS as part of tank farms are also increasing, since a smaller area is required to accommodate larger tanks. In addition, the use of large (over 50,000 cubic meters) tanks is dictated by the economic factor.

The company "SevMetalStroy" performs the design and manufacture of RVS on favorable terms for the customer. We offer reasonable prices and we provide short terms of production, delivery and installation of tanks. Our company strictly adheres to the requirements current regulations and provides reliable guarantees of product quality.

RVS tanks- these are vertical cylindrical steel tanks with nominal volume from 100 to 120,000 m 3 . It is also possible to design and manufacture RVS with a volume of more than 120,000 m 3 according to individual specifications.

Location of tanks - ground. Seismicity of the construction area is recommended no more than 9 points inclusive on the MSK-64 scale. The maximum temperature of the tank body is not more than 100 °C (for tanks with a storage temperature of more than 100 °C, changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the steels used should be taken into account. The minimum temperature of the tank body is not less than -60 °C.

Product requirements:

• density - no more than 1.1 t / m 3,
• internal overpressure - no more than 2.0 kPa;
• relative rarefaction in the gas space - no more than 0.25 kPa.

Park of RVS tanks for storage of oil and oil products

Use of RVS tanks for storage of various products

Widely used in industry for the storage of oil and oil products, for formation and fire water, oily effluents, liquid mineral fertilizers. Suitable for liquid foodstuffs subject to sanitary and hygienic standards.

Product	Peculiarities
Raw oil	It is recommended to design tanks with a floating roof to reduce losses of light oil fractions.
Light petroleum products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel)	The use of pontoons, floating roofs, vapor recovery systems to reduce losses due to the volatility of stored media.
Aviation kerosene, jet fuel	It is recommended to use a RVS with a two-layer bottom, because these oil products have a high fluidity.
Dark oil products (bitumen, fuel oil, etc.)	Equipped various devices for heating the contents, temperature control systems and thermal insulation.
Products of the chemical industry (acetones, acids, alkalis, alcohols, monomers, their cyclic derivatives, ammonia water, etc.)	Must have sealed pallets made of materials resistant to the stored product with low thermal conductivity. Required reliable protection from ingress of groundwater and precipitation. Availability required reserve capacity, the volume of which is not taken into account when determining the storage capacity. The tank piping scheme should provide for the possibility of using any of them as a backup and ensure the evacuation of acids and alkalis from the emergency tank. There are special requirements for the tank material depending on chemical properties stored product. For example, for weak nitric acid (up to 60%), stainless steel tanks are made, and for concentrated nitric acid, aluminum tanks. Hydrochloric, phosphoric, many organic acids cause the destruction of stainless and carbon steel, so the inner surface is lined with ceramic acid-resistant materials. Concentrated sulfuric acid can be stored in steel tanks, while dilute sulfuric acid (below 75%) requires an internal coating of the bottom and walls of the VST with an acid-resistant material.
Process water (fire fighting tanks, drainage tanks) and drinking water	To protect tanks from internal corrosion, special protective coatings are used. For example, zinc, aluminum or plastic.
Food industry products (vegetable oils, syrups, wine materials, etc.)	When storing food products in a RVS, it is important to provide protection from exposure to light, atmospheric oxygen, and temperature storage conditions. Features of storage technologies vary greatly depending on the chemical and physical properties stored products.

Hazard classes and service life

The hazard class of the tank is set in the design task. This information is necessary for right choice calculation methods, reliability coefficients for the purpose and requirements for materials and inspection volumes.

Hazard class is the degree of danger that arises for the health and life of people, property of individuals or legal entities and the ecological state of the environment when the reservoir reaches the limit state.

Depending on the volume of the tank, RVS are divided into four hazard classes:

• ClassKS-3a- RVS with a nominal volume of more than 50,000 m 3 and up to 120,000 m 3;
• ClassKS-3b- RVS with a nominal volume from 20,000 to 50,000 m 3 inclusive, as well as from 10,000 to 50,000 m 3 inclusive, if the tanks are located within the city, or directly along the banks of rivers or other large water bodies;
• class KS-2a- reservoirs with nominal volume from 1000 and less than 20000 m 3 ;
• class KS-2b- tanks with a nominal volume of less than 1000 m 3 .

The hazard class is one of the factors on which the determination of the service life of the tank directly depends. The total service life of the RVS is the designated time safe operation facilities subject to maintenance and repair regulations.

The service life in design and construction is ensured by the choice of material, taking into account temperature, force and corrosion effects, standardization of defects in welded joints, optimal constructive solutions metal structures, bases and foundations, tolerances for the manufacture and installation of structures, methods of protection against corrosion and the development of maintenance procedures.

RVS-2000 for storage of crude oil with thermal insulation and internal steam-water heaters

Design features of RVS

By design features vertical cylindrical tanks are divided into the following types:

• fixed roof tank without pontoon RVS;
• fixed roof tank with pontoon RVSP;
• floating roof tank RVSPK .

Which type of vertical tank to choose depends on the classification of the stored product in terms of flash point and saturation vapor pressure at storage temperature.

For flammable liquids with saturated vapor pressure over 26.6 kPa(200 mm Hg) up to 93.3 kPa (700 mm Hg) (oil, gasoline, petroleum solvents) RVSK and RVSP are used, or RVS are completed additional equipment: respiratory and safety valves, gas piping and a light hydrocarbon fraction recovery unit (ULF).

For flammable liquids at a saturated vapor pressure of less than 26.6 kPa(200 mm Hg), as well as for combustible liquids with a flash point above 61 ° C (fuel oil, diesel fuel, household kerosene, aviation kerosene, jet fuel, bitumen, tar, oils, formation water), RVS without gas piping are used .

For emergency reset oil or oil product RVS equipped with breathing and safety valves are used.

The main structural elements of the tank:

• wall,
• bottom,
• roof decks and railings,
• stairs (circular or mine),
• technological hatches and branch pipes.

For wall structures, bottom edge sheets welded to the wall, manhole shells and branch pipes in the wall and flanges to them, reinforcing plates welded to the wall, support rings of stationary roofs, stiffening rings, backing plates on the wall for fastening structural elements it is recommended to use calm (completely deoxidized steels).

Roof framing, self-supporting frameless roofs, bottom centres, anchors, roof decking, floating roofs and pontoons, manhole and roof spigot shells, and manhole covers can be made from semi-quiet steels. For auxiliary structures, it is possible to use C235 steel.

If it is necessary to heat the product, a sectional heater or a heat exchange jacket can be installed for the flowing circulation of the heat carrier. To save temperature regime a heat-insulating jacket (thermal insulation) up to 120 mm thick is installed.

At the request of the customer, the tanks are equipped with attached process equipment.

Preparation of the main structural elements of the RVS tank directly at the installation site

Diameter and height of RVS walls of common nominal volumes
(according to standard projects)

Name	Qty belts	Height walls	Diameter
RVS-100	4	6000	4730
RVS-200	4	6000	6630
RVS-300	5	7500	7580
RVS-400	5	7500	8530
RVS-500	5	7500	10430
RVS-700	6	9000	10430
	17880	39900
RVS-30000	12	18000	45600
RVS-50000	12	18000	60700

Installation methods for RVS sheet structures

RVS tanks may also differ in the method of installation of the main sheet structures - walls, bottom, stationary roof decks, pontoons and floating roofs.

RVS roll assembly differ in that sheet structures are still in the factory combined into rolled panels. The advantage of this method is the reduction of costs and time for installation work at the customer site and the ability to better control the quality of welding. The method of roll assembly is not recommended for RVS walls with volumes of 10,000 m 3 or more.

RVS sheet assembly involves the installation of individual sheets at the site of assembly and installation of the tank.

Also found combined way of assembling RVS when some of the structures are transported to the installation site and mounted in the form of separate sheets, and some - in the form of finished rolled panels.

Transportation by rail walls of the RVS tank in the form of a retractable panel on a frame