Types of chargers and their features. Charger features

18.07.2019

- the only simple means to restore its performance. Of course, in the event of its discharge, and not the final breakdown. To solve the second case, special recovery methods are provided, which we will discuss below, after features of chargers(ZU).

It would seem that chargers do not have a lot of features, but this is not so. Before listing them, we divide chargers into two categories: the first is amateur, the second is professional. Amateurs include inexpensive portable memory devices that are intended for personal use. Accordingly, professional chargers are used for comprehensive maintenance of all types of batteries, which allow you to simultaneously charge and restore several batteries.

So, the features of amateur chargers are as follows:

1) Automation
2) Reverse polarity protection
3) Ability to start the car engine
4) Possibility of desulfation
5) Multiple charge modes
6) Small dimensions and weight

Automation allows you to charge the battery without exercising control over the process. This greatly simplifies the task for people who are not very versed in physics, since initially there were only such charge methods where knowledge in this area was needed. Reverse polarity protection- also very useful feature charger. It helps prevent damage to both memory chips and the battery. By the way, polarity reversal is an incorrect connection of the charger wires to the battery terminals.

Starter chargers(or start-charging) are designed not only to charge the battery, but also to start car engine V emergency. Such ROMs are very useful for frequent trips outside the city.

If Charger has the function desulfation, then it is able to restore the battery, on the plates of which lead sulfate has formed, blocking electrons. During desulfation, the plates are cleaned of this sulfate and the battery can function again.

Several battery charging modes make it possible to charge the battery exactly the way you want - with constant voltage, direct current or combined. Small overall dimensions and weight provide the device with mobility. It can be easily transported in a car or carried by hand.

Professional chargers have the above features, except for small overall dimensions and masses. Also, such memory devices are often stationary.

Charger- charger electric accumulators energy from an external source; as a rule - from the network alternating current voltage 220 volts.

The charger consists of:
- voltage converter (transformer, impulse block nutrition);
- rectifier;
- voltage stabilizer;
- devices for controlling the current strength or the charge process;
- ammeter or LED indicators.

Types of chargers:
- built-in;
- external.

Charger types for nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries:
1. Chargers of normal (slow) charge
2. Chargers quick charge
3. Fast charge chargers

Chargers of normal (slow) charge.

Use for charging only nickel-cadmium batteries. Chargers of this type, sometimes called overnight chargers, are the cheapest of all types of batteries. normal charge is 0.1 s, the charge time is 14 - 16 hours, with such a low current and a long charge time, it is difficult to determine the end of the charge. For this reason, the battery readiness indicator in chargers for normal charging is usually absent.

If the charging current is set correctly, a fully charged battery will feel slightly warm to the touch and there is no need to immediately disconnect it from the charger. The battery can stay in it for more than one day. But it is best to turn off the charger immediately after the end of the charge.

Slow charge chargers should not be used to charge low capacity batteries as they are designed to work with larger batteries. In this case, the battery will begin to heat up after reaching 70% of its capacity.

And if an insufficiently powerful charger is used to charge a powerful battery, the battery will remain cold during the charging process and will never be fully charged. Then it will lose some of its capacity.

Chargers fast charge.

Used to charge both nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. They are characterized as mid-range chargers both in terms of charge speed and price. The batteries in them are charged for 3-6 hours with a current of about 0.3C. As a necessary element, these chargers have a circuit for monitoring the batteries to reach a certain voltage at the end of the charge and turn them off at that moment. Fast chargers provide better battery maintenance than slow chargers. They have now given way to fast charge chargers.

Fast charge chargers.

Used to charge both nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The main advantage of high speed chargers is the faster charge time. Although due to more power voltage source and the need to use special control and management units, such chargers have the highest prices. The charge time in chargers of this type depends on the charge current, the degree of discharge of the batteries, their capacity and type. At a charge current of 1C, discharged nickel cadmium battery charges in less than one hour on average. If the battery is fully charged, some chargers go into the recharge mode with a reduced charge current and with a timer shutdown.

Rules for the use of chargers
- before turning on the charger, place it on a flat surface;
- protect the charger from dust, dirt, food, liquid, overheating and hypothermia, as well as from direct sunlight;
- when changing the storage conditions of the charger, which are accompanied by sharp drop temperature and humidity, condensation may form outside or inside it. Allow moisture to evaporate before using the device. This will help prevent damage to the charger.
- when moving the charger from a cold to a warmer environment or from a warm to a cold one, do not turn on the power until the temperature of the device matches the temperature of the environment;
- when disconnecting the cable from the network, grab the special loop on the plug. Do not pull on the cable. When disconnecting the connectors, keep them straight so as not to bend the pins. Likewise, before connecting the cable, make sure the connectors are oriented and aligned correctly.

Charger storage

The charger in its original packaging should be stored in ventilated rooms at an air temperature of + 1 ° to + 40 ° C, relative humidity up to 80%, in the absence of gases and alkalis, acid vapors in the air that cause corrosion.

1. Introduction: modern chargers

A good charger is an essential part of a good battery system. The realities of the market are such that it is quite filled with various chargers, mostly of a low price category. But the ideal situation is the maximum “affinity” of the battery and the charger, they should work in pairs like a draft horse and cart. When developing and designing new models of batteries, the charger for them should be developed in parallel, or even in the first place. In fact, we often have a situation where the charger is already made in a hurry and after the fact, which of course is reflected in the functioning of the entire battery system. Some manufacturers are often unaware of the complexities that can arise due to flaws in chargers, especially when charging in adverse conditions.

Figure 1: The battery and charger should interact like a draft horse and cart. Without each other, they will not provide the desired result.

Some lithium-ion battery chargers have a "wake-up" function to restore battery life when the voltage has dropped to a critical level due to over-discharging. The reason for this condition of the battery may be its long storage, during which self-discharge lowered the voltage to the cutoff point. A conventional charger is not capable of charging such a battery, so quite often it is recognized as faulty and thrown away. Correct Algorithm recovery charging is to apply a small charge current to the battery, which will raise the voltage to a value of 2.2-2.9 V, which will activate the built-in protection circuit, after which it will become possible normal charging. You should be careful if the voltage of a lithium-ion battery drops below 1.5 V. This may indicate the presence of dendrites in it - formations that compromise the safety of such a battery. (See BU-802b: What happens when an electric battery self-discharges excessively, for a discussion of the causes of excessive self-discharge of a lithium-ion battery after a deep discharge in Figure 5. See also BU-808a: How to wake up a dormant lithium-ion battery.)

Chargers for batteries based on lead and lithium operate according to a special algorithm - CC / CV (constant current / constant voltage - from the English “constant current / constant voltage”). The value of the charging current is constant, but when the battery reaches a certain voltage value, the charging current decreases. Each electrochemical system has its own specific values of charging currents and voltages.

Nickel-based batteries are charged with direct current without reference to the battery voltage indicator. The detection of a full charge is fixed by a slight drop in voltage after a period of steady rise. The charger must be able to quickly stop charging after a full charge indication, as overcharging can lead to emergency situations- short circuit or failure of elements. There is also a way to determine the full charge, based on the change in the rate of increase in battery temperature. This charging method for nickel batteries is known as dT/dt and performs well in fast charging modes.

It is normal for a nickel battery to rise in temperature during charging, and this effect is especially noticeable when the charge level is 70 percent. The temperature increase is due to the decrease in charging efficiency, therefore, the charging current must be reduced to prevent damage to the battery. The charger captures all these temperature changes and charges with the required current. If you notice that the rechargeable battery is still for a long time It has elevated temperature, then this indicates an incorrect charger algorithm, in which case it should be disconnected to avoid damaging the battery.

NiCd and NiMH batteries should not be left connected to the charger unattended for weeks or months. If you do not need to use them, store them in a cool place and charge before use.

Lithium-based batteries should always be kept cool when charging. If you notice that the temperature of the battery being charged has increased by more than 10°C compared to the temperature environment then stop charging. Thanks to the built-in protection circuit, lithium-ion batteries cannot be recharged, so it does not matter if such a battery is connected or disconnected from the charger. But if you need to store the lithium-ion battery for a long time, it is better to put it in a cool place and charge it just before use.

The classic example of a battery charger is a rather slow device that sometimes takes all night to charge the battery. This goes back to the old days when a simple charger for nickel cadmium battery had a constant fixed charge strength of 0.1C (one tenth of nominal capacity). Such chargers did not have the function of detecting a full charge, and it took 14 to 16 hours to reach it. Achieving a full charge of NiCd was fixed by a slight increase in battery temperature. For NiMH battery such a charging algorithm is not suitable due to the reduced ability to absorb overcharge. Modern low-cost chargers for AA, AAA and C sizes often use this algorithm, so if you need a constant autonomous readiness for the device to work, you should stock up on several sets of rechargeable batteries. Also, when using such a charger, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the batteries.

If we take into account the charging speed, then the chargers can be divided into three groups - with slow, medium and fast charging. The charger with an average charging time of 5-6 hours is mainly used for consumer devices. As a rule, it has a built-in full charge detection system and a temperature sensor to ensure a safer charging process.

Phoenix Charger	Skylla-i	Skylla-TG

12/24V, 16-200A	24V, 80-500A	24/48V, 30-500A
Powerful professional chargers for yachts, boats and other types of transport. High power single-phase and three-phase chargers are available. Multi-stage adaptive charge with manual control.

Fast chargers have a number of advantages, the most obvious of which is charging speed. The ability to realize these benefits implies a closer connection between the charger and the battery. At a charging speed of 1C (See BU-402: What is C-rating), which is usually used by a fast charger, a fully discharged NiCd or NiMH battery can be charged in as little as one hour. As the battery approaches full charge, some nickel-cadmium electrochemical system chargers reduce the charging current to avoid the negative effects of overcharging. A fully charged battery switches the charger into drip charging mode, also known as servicing charge. Most modern chargers for the nickel-cadmium electrochemical system have a charging algorithm for the nickel-metal hydride, which is distinguished by the absence of a drip recharge mode.

The idle current of the charger should be kept as low as possible to save energy. There is a five-point rating system for this energy efficiency called Energy Star. The point of rating is to assign chargers for mobile phones and other gadgets a certain number of stars. Five stars receive chargers with an idle power of 30 mW or less; four stars are responsible for the range of 30-150 mW; three stars - 150-250 mW; two - 250-350 mW. Chargers with even more idle power receive, respectively, the lowest rating - one star. Energy Star is designed to reduce the energy consumption of chargers, which, for some reason, remain connected to the mains even when idle. The number of such chargers on our planet is estimated at one billion (!).

Use only a charger designed for the specific electrochemical system. Most chargers are designed for only one electrochemical system. Make sure the battery voltage is compatible with the charger. Do not charge the battery when the voltage is different.

Actual battery capacity may differ slightly from nominal. Accumulator charging larger capacity takes more time. Do not use the charger with a battery with a capacity exceeding the charger specifications by more than 25 percent.

Using a higher capacity charger will shorten the charging time, but there are limits on how quickly the battery can be charged. Ultra fast charging either way causes some battery stress.

A lead-acid battery charger must switch to float charge when fully saturated, while a nickel battery requires trickle charging after a full charge. Maintenance of charge and trickle charging are designed to compensate for the loss of self-discharge.

If necessary, the charger must have a temperature sensor to detect a full charge or battery failure.

Observe temperature conditions charging. The lead-acid battery should remain slightly warm to the touch; Nickel heats up towards the end of the charge, but immediately cools down when fully charged. The temperature of the lithium-ion battery should not exceed the ambient temperature by more than 10°C.

Watch the temperature especially when using a dubious inexpensive charger.

Charge at room temperature. More low temperature will affect the speed and quality of charging. Li-ion batteries cannot be charged at negative temperatures.

Charger types. Safety regulations for battery charging.

The most common types of chargers are:

Accelerated memory 1-3 hours;

Not every type of battery can be charged in a fast charger; for example, lead acid battery will not be able to charge as fast as nickel-cadmium.

End-of-charge detection is extremely important in fast chargers, as a longer battery charge for high currents and, accordingly, an increase in temperature is dangerous for the battery.

Slow memory 14-16 hour (sometimes 24 hour);

If a Ni-Cd battery is charged with a current of 1 C (100% of the nominal capacity for an hour), then the typical capacity charge efficiency will be 0.91 (for an ideal battery it will be - 1). For a 100% charge, charge for 66 minutes. On a slow charge of 0.1 C (with 10% current of the rated capacity for 10 hours), the capacity charge efficiency will be 0.71.
The reason for low charge efficiency is that some of the charge energy absorbed by the battery is wasted through dissipation into heat. Therefore, in a slow charger (the current is 0.1 C, i.e. 10% of the nominal capacity - see capacity rating), it is recommended to charge the battery for 14-16 hours (this should not be taken as a 140% charge!), And not within 10 hours.

Typically slow chargers (for Ni-Cd, Ni-MH batteries charging current is equal to 10% of the nominal capacity of the battery) do not determine the end of the charge, because at a small charging current a longer stay of the battery in the memory, say, for 1-2 hours, does not lead to critical consequences.

Conditioning storage;

The preference for conditioning chargers is that by constantly charging Ni-MH and Ni-Cd batteries in these chargers, you can significantly increase the life of the batteries (not forgetting the rules for using batteries!)

Car batteries are complex and dangerous technology. In their manufacture, poisonous and dangerous chemicals are used that can harm the human body if elementary rules are not followed. safe work with battery. They must be handled in accordance with safety precautions, since the batteries contain dangerous explosive and harmful toxic substances:

Sulfuric acid is extremely dangerous, toxic, easily reacts with all elements, causes burns, fire, vapor poisoning. When interacting with water, in the case of electrolyte preparation, a lot of heat and gas are released. Charged car batteries have a 30-40% concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, and discharged - only 10% or less. It contains small proportions of arsenic, manganese, heavy metals, nitric oxide, iron, copper, chloride compounds.

Lead – lead and lead salts (lead sulfate) are highly toxic substances. Lead toxicity does not have such a striking immediate effect as sulfuric acid, but it tends to accumulate in the body, affecting vital organs, such as the kidneys. Chronic lead poisoning causes headache, fatigue, pain in the region of the heart.

Arsenic is very poisonous. Poisoning occurs when only 5 mg enters the human body, and it also accumulates, causing serious consequences. Arsenic compounds are also poisonous. Causes headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, nervous disorders.

Hydrogen is an explosive and flammable gas. At a ratio of approximately 2 to 5, hydrogen and oxygen form an explosive gas that can cause a violent explosion. Every year, tens of thousands of people suffer burns and wounds from explosive gas explosions while working with batteries.

Battery Safety Rules:

1) Charge car batteries only in a well-ventilated area or with constant access to air.

2) It is possible to work with electrolyte only in rubber gloves and goggles, the skin surface should be covered with clothing as much as possible.

3) DO NOT pour distilled water into sulfuric acid, only acid into water, because water is lighter than acid, falling on its surface, it boils and splashes poisonous liquid around. Acid, getting into the water, immediately sinks and cannot splash.

4) DO NOT smoke, light anything, use faulty electrical appliances that can spark when charging the battery.

5) Before charging the battery, it is necessary to release the accumulated gases, clean the gas outlet. Even with fully charged battery, when you install it, you need to wait until all gases have evaporated.

6) Ventilate engine compartment before installing the car battery seat. Connect after some time, do not try to cause a "spark" to avoid an explosion.

7) DO NOT charge car batteries in a closed room where people are, for example, in an apartment. Evaporation of fumes of toxic compounds can cause mild poisoning, causing typical symptoms of chemical poisoning: headache, nausea, eye pain, fatigue, nervous breakdown and irritability.

1. General safety requirements.
1.1. Persons who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing on labor protection, briefing at the workplace, who have mastered the practical skills of safe work performance and have passed the test of the knowledge and skills obtained during the briefing are allowed to work on charging and servicing batteries.
1.2. Accumulator workers in the process of work are required to comply with the rules of the internal labor regulations of the enterprise.
Smoking is allowed in places specially designated for this purpose, provided with fire extinguishing equipment.
1.3. Must contain workplace in order and cleanliness, store raw materials, blanks, products and production waste in designated areas, do not block passages and driveways.
1.4. The employee may be affected by dangerous and harmful production factors (moving machines and mechanisms, moving loads, industrial microclimate, increased explosive concentration of hydrogen, caustic acids and alkalis).
1.5. The battery operator must be provided with overalls and means personal protection:
cotton suit with acid-proof impregnation;
rubber half boots;
rubber gloves;
rubber apron;
goggles.
1.6. Those working on charging batteries must strictly comply with safety requirements when working with acids and caustic alkalis, which, if mishandled, can cause chemical burns, and with an increased concentration of vapors in the air, poisoning.
1.7. When batteries are charged, hydrogen is released, which introduces small splashes of electrolyte into the air. Accumulated hydrogen can reach an explosive concentration, so batteries cannot be charged without ventilation.
1.8. Electrical safety rules must be observed when connecting batteries.
1.9. Persons involved in charging batteries must be well aware of and strictly comply with all the requirements set forth in this manual, and the administration of the enterprise is obliged to create normal conditions labor and provide the workplace of the battery operator with everything necessary for the safe performance of the work assigned to him, as well as first aid means to prevent chemical burns with electrolyte (flowing tap water for washing off splashes of acid or alkali; 1% boric acid solution to neutralize alkali).
1.10. Battery workers must know and follow the rules of personal hygiene.
1.11. Accumulator workers must be able to provide first aid to the victim in an accident.
1.12. Labor protection instructions must be issued to all battery workers against receipt.
1.13. Trained and instructed battery operators bear full responsibility for violation of the requirements of the labor protection instructions in accordance with the current legislation.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Put on serviceable overalls, rubber boots and prepare individual protective equipment (rubberized sleeves, rubber gloves and goggles), fasten the cuffs, put on the trousers of the acid-resistant suit over the tops of the boots, put on a rubber apron (its lower edge should be lower than the upper edge of the tops of the boots), tuck in the clothes so that there are no fluttering ends, pick up the hair under a tight-fitting headdress.
2.2. Carefully inspect the workplace, put it in order, remove all objects that interfere with work. Arrange the working tool, fixtures and auxiliary materials in a convenient order for use and check their serviceability.
2.3. Check and make sure good work supply and exhaust ventilation and local suctions;
check the sufficiency of workplace lighting;
make sure there are no strangers in the room.
3. Safety requirements during work.
3.1. In the room for charging batteries, do not allow ignition of fire, smoking, sparks from electrical equipment and other equipment.
3.2. Connecting the battery terminals for charging and disconnecting them after charging should be done only when the equipment of the charging place is turned off.
3.3. When inspecting batteries, use a portable 12 V safety lamp.
Before turning on a portable electric lamp in the network, in order to avoid sparking, first insert it into the socket, and then turn on the knife switch; when turning off the electric lamp, first turn off the breaker, and then remove the plug.
3.4. Do not touch two battery terminals with metal objects at the same time to avoid short circuit and sparks.
3.5. Check the battery voltage only with a voltmeter.
3.6. When removing and installing batteries on an electric car, make sure that they do not short circuit with metal parts electric car.
3.7. Connecting batteries to the mains direct current and connect the batteries to each other with rubber gloves and rubber shoes.
3.8. Do not touch live parts (terminals, contacts, electrical wires) without rubber gloves. If it is necessary to use a tool, use a tool with insulated handles.
3.9. When working with acid, acidic and alkaline electrolyte and preparing the electrolyte, observe the following requirements:
acid should be stored in bottles with closed ground stoppers in special crates, in separate ventilated rooms. Acid bottles should be placed on the floor in one row. Empty acid bottles should be stored under similar conditions;
on all vessels with electrolyte, distilled water, soda solution or boric acid solution, bottles with acid, clear inscriptions (names) of the liquid must be applied;
bottles should be carried by two persons using special stretchers, on which the bottle is securely fastened. Pre-check the serviceability of the stretcher;
pouring acid from bottles should be done with a forced slope using special devices for fixing bottles. It is allowed to pour acid using special siphons;
electrolyte preparation should be carried out only in a specially designated room;
when preparing the electrolyte, it is necessary to pour sulfuric acid into distilled water in a thin stream, stirring the electrolyte all the time;
it is forbidden to pour distilled water into sulfuric acid, since water in contact with acid quickly heats up, boils and, splashing, can cause burns;
electrolyte preparation should be carried out only in lead, faience or ebonite baths. The preparation of electrolyte in glassware is prohibited, since it may burst from sudden heating;
it is forbidden to work with acid without goggles, rubber gloves, boots and a rubber apron that protect against possible hit drops of acid on the body or in the eyes of the worker;
crushing pieces of caustic alkali should be carried out using special scoops, tongs, tweezers and burlap. The worker must be protected by a rubber apron, rubber gloves and goggles;
do not mix the electrolyte in the bath by blowing air through the rubber hose.
3.10. When charging batteries, do not lean close to the batteries to avoid being burned by acid splashes from the battery opening.
3.11. Batteries should be transported in special trolleys with slots according to the size of the batteries. Do not carry batteries manually, regardless of their number, except for rearrangements.
3.12. Do not touch heated resistance coils.
3.13. Strictly observe individual precautions: eat only in the room designated for this purpose. Before eating, wash hands and face with soap and rinse your mouth with water. Do not store food or drinking water in battery room;
clean tables and workbenches daily, wiping them with a rag soaked in soda solution, and once a week clean walls, cabinets and windows.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations.
4.1. In case of contact with sulfuric acid on the skin or in the eyes, immediately wash it off with a plentiful stream of water, then rinse with a 1% solution of baking soda and report to the master.
In case of signs of poisoning from an increased concentration of sulfuric acid in the air, go out into the fresh air, drink milk and baking soda and report to the master.
4.2. In case of contact with alkali (caustic potash or caustic soda) on the skin or in the eyes, immediately wash it off with a plentiful stream of water and rinse with a 3% solution of boric acid.
In case of signs of poisoning from an increased concentration of alkali in the air, go out into the fresh air, drink milk and report to the master.
4.3. In case of electric shock, you must:
free the victim from action electric current;
free from clothing that constrains him;
provide access to clean air to the victim, for which open the window and doors or take the victim out of the room and do artificial respiration;
call a doctor.
4.4. In the event of a fire, call fire department, notify the administration of the enterprise and start extinguishing it with the available means.
5. Safety requirements at the end of work.
5.1. Tidy up your workspace.
Wipe tools and accessories and put them in the place provided for them.
5.2. Securely close the taps of the acid and electrolyte containers.
5.3. Inform the foreman or shifter about all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work, and about the measures taken to eliminate them.
5.4. Remove and deposit in the prescribed manner overalls, personal protective equipment.
5.5. Wash hands and face with warm soapy water, rinse mouth well or take a shower.

An article on how to choose a car battery charger. Types of devices important nuances choice. At the end of the article - a video about a simple do-it-yourself battery charger.

The content of the article:

A modern car is equipped with everything big amount devices that are powered by the on-board network. The role of the battery is to provide additional energy in situations where the generator cannot cope with the loads. And rechargeable batteries, as a rule, are discharged at the most inopportune moment. Especially in winter period. And unlike batteries of other electrical appliances, batteries for cars are not equipped with a charger; it has to be purchased separately.

This is just a premise Chinese manufacturer. He decided to stabilize another element of the photographic system, namely the photosensitive matrix. So we have a solution that reduces the amount of vibration but is also much more accurate. This is achieved by replacing the coil motor, a more complex electromechanical system. This change also entails other important benefits such as vibration compensation speed. The stabilization of the optical system takes at least 50 milliseconds.

Types of chargers and their features

Z / y have several classifications and, depending on their type, are endowed with certain qualities.

By charge method devices are divided into 3 categories:

Fixed current method

Such devices charge the battery to the limit and quite quickly. However, at the end of the procedure, the electrolyte tends to heat up excessively, and this reduces the life of the battery, provoking accelerated aging.

After maximum power A port that charges a mobile phone with 5V and is compatible with fast charging is recommended per port. There are wireless chargers that use the principle of magnetic inductance to wireless charging, but only operate over a very short distance and can charge very small batteries. Solar chargers are also in research because although they want to use free energy sun, they have too much time to load and will only practice in areas far from civilization.

Constant voltage method

IN this case the electrolyte maintains the required temperature and there is no need to control the charging process, since with this scheme the device maintains a given voltage level. The disadvantages include a decrease in voltage at the end of the process. This does not allow the maximum possible charge of the battery.

Of course, the importance of phone chargers is very high, there are no other ways to boot, so manufacturers are involved in all kinds of measures, looking for more and more solutions to meet the needs of customers and mobile phone owners who do not want to have a phone loaded because it makes it impractical. if a mobile phone must always function, it must also be ensured that the device is loaded like other tablet-like devices, which is especially when used on the move, on the move, in cars, they must be loaded, so there is a loader in every situation.

Combined method

It combines the two options described above - at the beginning the process goes at a fixed current value, and at the end it switches to voltage stabilization. Such a tandem makes this type of device the most effective and in demand.

By way of charging z / y are divided into 2 categories:

Transformer type devices

In everyday life, they are unlikely to meet, as they have impressive dimensions and equally impressive weight. Their purpose is to convert 220V current into direct current (12V).

That's why the phone charger market is thriving, providing models and solutions from the latest for gadget owners to be able to use them on an ongoing basis. Do you need a charger for your phone? A very frustrating situation if you don't have a battery and you don't have the original charger. Laptops are now afflicted with the same problem that phones were over 10 years ago, i.e. many types of connectors and chargers with different specifications. Of course there is, but this is just a solution of the moment, not a solution to the problem.

Pulse

The principle of operation is similar to the previous version, however, this variety is compact and lightweight. Therefore, they are ideal for home use.

Depending on the model, impulse chargers may have:

charge end indicator;
indicator of incorrect connection (polarity reversal);
short circuit protection function,
automatic charging function;
polarity protection function, etc.

Unlike transformer ones, pulse ones charge using small pulses, and not a constant current. This is their feature.

Transformer models are cheaper, but in addition to the shortcomings described above, they also require control during operation. Therefore, the impulse option is preferable.

Types of phone chargers and tablets

When it comes to charging your mobile phone, there are several options, depending on your location, so one type of charger is not enough to cover you in all situations, so you do not want this, you will have to buy a charger time. Fortunately, you can choose any budget because they are one of the most common mobile phone accessories.

Original charger - since all phones and tablets sold today come with a compatible charger, you probably won't need another charger unless it fails and you don't plan to charge it except from the wall outlet in your apartment.

Depending on the power supply, s / y are divided into 3 categories.

Powered by electricity

If the car is in a garage where electricity is supplied, then this option is the easiest, most convenient and reliable. In this case, the battery can be recharged while the machine is not in use.

For safety and battery life reasons, the original charger is the recommended charging method recommended by the manufacturer. Also, a failure caused by a charger made by someone else could void your device.

Fast charging with fast charging

This, of course, does not mean that there are other brands of trust. Can you tell me what your favorite accessory brands are in the comment section. fast charging It is carried out by increasing not only the current strength, but also the charge voltage. If you still have questions, suggestions or comments feel free to email me using the form below. You may be very excited about the prospect of buying a new mobile phone. Throughout the process, there can be many chances of forgetting to buy the proper charger.

Powered by cigarette lighter

The disadvantages include the fact that with prolonged and / or intensive (in some models, the speed is regulated) recharge, there is a risk of overloading the on-board network.

But in case of unforeseen situations, you can charge the battery at any time and in any place.

solar powered

They are rarely used, since high-quality products are expensive, and cheap ones, as a rule, are ineffective and short-lived.

It is very important to buy suitable type docking station and charger to perform all the necessary functions associated with it. You need to make an informed decision and buy a good charger for your phone. Exist Various types chargers that can help you with different situations. These types will be explained below.

This type of charger is the oldest form of phone charger. It works by plugging the cable into your phone and then plugging into an AC outlet. It uses a transformer and a converter that changes the current to DC from the mains.

And of course, they need sunlight to work. The solar model can be useful as an auxiliary option. For example, for those who have a network charger, but often find themselves "far from the outlet." For example, a fisherman, a lover of outdoor recreation or a hunter, such a device is sure to come in handy.

according to purpose, s / y are divided into 2 types.

The car charger uses either a dedicated connector or a cigarette lighter socket. The latter is also called an auxiliary socket. Users can charge their phone while traveling. The power source is directly from the vehicle battery. There are three main types of car chargers: universal charger, fast charger and low capacity charger.

The emergency charger is used by people who travel wildly on a regular basis. Therefore, it is very suitable for people who are always away from home. They don't need a main power source. High quality batteries are enough to charge the phone.

Charging-starting (or starting-charging)

They perform the function of not only recharging, but also starting the engine - they work in two modes: automatic and maximum current output mode.

Some models are universal, with their help you can restore operation of the internal combustion engine, charge your phone, laptop and other devices. You just need to have a set of plugs of the right size.

However, the batteries are not strong enough for the phone to be fully charged as the current present in the mobile phone battery is stronger than that in the batteries. These chargers, which are referred to as "green" chargers, have come into existence due to increased focus on global warming and other related threats. The charger can be operated by turning the crank to power it. There are also chargers that are powered by solar energy, and they can be attached to bicycles.

It is important to follow the operating rules and use the device for its intended purpose only after the terminals are disconnected from the on-board network.

Charging and starting

They are used only to recharge the battery, it is impossible to start the engine with their help. This is due to the fact that the devices are characterized by a low value of the operating current. The advantage is that when using them, there is no need to disconnect from the on-board network.

What to consider when choosing

Before you start buying a charger, you should carefully study the documents for a specific battery and car (in particular, the parameters of the onboard network). This will avoid many complexities and concretize requests. In fact, the information indicated in the instructions is enough to select the right device. However, there are some minor nuances that should be considered when choosing.

counterfeit

There are few such products that can win the competition with chargers in terms of the number of fakes. Therefore, it is best to buy devices from authorized dealers, or at least from outlets that enjoy a good reputation.

If you have decided on a particular brand, you should search the Internet for information about the features of the brand and its copies. It may not be possible to determine a high-quality fake in this way, but it is quite possible to rid yourself of low-grade Asian consumer goods.

Possibilities

It is better to get a charger with a small (precisely small, you should not be too zealous) current reserve. Such an acquisition has two advantages: the device will not have to work at the limit of its capabilities, and if the battery is replaced with a higher capacity model, there will be no need to change the charger.

Indication

It happens LED and instrument. LED does not differ in such accuracy, but for domestic use it is quite enough.

Auto mode

If possible, preference should be given to the automated option. This will relieve the owner of the need to control the operation of the device and the possible consequences.

Manufacturer country

Many domestic products are not inferior in their characteristics foreign analogues, so you should take a closer look at Russian products. It not only wins in price, but the risk of buying a fake is almost zero. But even a domestic device inferior in quality is better than a fake prestigious brand.

Transmission

For cars with automatic transmission the best option there will be a charging and pre-starting device, since it does not need to be necessarily disconnected from the power supply from the on-board network.

Maintenance free batteries

Wrong connection protection

In the event of a so-called polarity reversal, the function will help not only prevent damage to the battery, but also to the charger itself.

Desulphurization function

Allows you to restore the battery with the formation of lead sulfate on the plates.

Rated charge current

Rated current refers to the current, which is 10% of the battery capacity. Having information about the battery (can be found in the documents or on the product case), it will not be difficult to calculate the required charger power.

For example, a 6A charger is suitable for most 60-70 Ah batteries that are equipped with cars. But for a truck or jeep, you will have to look for a more powerful device.

Battery type

If you have lead battery(WET), then she will need a special device. For batteries of other varieties, any charger is suitable, but their features should be taken into account.

Gel batteries (GEL) and electrolyte impregnated batteries (AGM) are sensitive to temperature changes and overheating. For them, you need a charger with a current adjustment function and an extended temperature range.

But it is best not to engage in experiments and purchase a rechargeable battery recommended by the manufacturer.

Conclusion

Some motorists rely on the alternator, considering battery health a minor issue. However, the presence of a charger can greatly facilitate the life of the driver, because you never know how soon the battery will need help and when it will be completely discharged. And for this, sometimes it is enough to leave parking lights turned on for the night or park the car at the entrance for a while with the alarm turned on.

Video about a simple charger for a battery with your own hands:

Charger types. Safety regulations for battery charging.

The most common types of chargers are:

Accelerated memory 1-3 hours;

Not every type of battery can be charged in a fast charger; for example, a lead-acid battery will not be able to charge as quickly as a nickel-cadmium one.

The determination of the end of the charge is extremely important in accelerated chargers, since a longer charge of the battery at high currents and, accordingly, an increase in temperature are dangerous for the battery.

Slow memory 14-16 hour (sometimes 24 hour);

Typically, slow chargers (for Ni-Cd, Ni-MH batteries, the charging current is 10% of the rated battery capacity) do not determine the end of the charge, because with a low charging current, the battery stays in the charger longer, say, by 1–2 hours, does not leads to critical consequences.

Conditioning storage;

Car batteries are complex and dangerous technology. In their manufacture, poisonous and dangerous chemicals are used that can harm the human body if the elementary rules for safe work with batteries are not followed. They must be handled in accordance with safety precautions, since the batteries contain dangerous explosive and harmful toxic substances:

Lead - Lead and lead salts (lead sulfate) are highly toxic substances. Lead toxicity does not have such a striking immediate effect as sulfuric acid, but it tends to accumulate in the body, affecting vital organs, such as the kidneys. Chronic lead poisoning causes headaches, fatigue, and heart pain.

Battery Safety Rules:

1) Charge car batteries only in a well-ventilated area or with constant access to air.

2) It is possible to work with electrolyte only in rubber gloves and goggles, the skin surface should be covered with clothing as much as possible.

4) DO NOT smoke, light anything, use faulty electrical appliances that can spark when charging the battery.

5) Before charging the battery, it is necessary to release the accumulated gases, clean the gas outlet. Even when the battery is fully charged, when you install it, you need to wait until all gases have escaped.

6) Ventilate the engine compartment before installing the car battery in its seat. Connect after some time, do not try to cause a "spark" to avoid an explosion.

1. General safety requirements.
1.1. Persons who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing on labor protection, briefing at the workplace, who have mastered the practical skills of safe work performance and have passed the test of the knowledge and skills obtained during the briefing are allowed to work on charging and servicing batteries.
1.2. Accumulator workers in the process of work are required to comply with the rules of the internal labor regulations of the enterprise.
Smoking is allowed in places specially designated for this purpose, provided with fire extinguishing equipment.
1.3. It is necessary to keep the workplace in order and clean, to store raw materials, blanks, products and production waste in designated areas, not to block passages and driveways.
1.4. The employee may be affected by dangerous and harmful production factors (moving machines and mechanisms, moving loads, industrial microclimate, increased explosive concentration of hydrogen, caustic acids and alkalis).
1.5. The battery operator must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment:
cotton suit with acid-proof impregnation;
rubber half boots;
rubber gloves;
rubber apron;
goggles.
1.6. Those working on charging batteries must strictly comply with safety requirements when working with acids and caustic alkalis, which, if mishandled, can cause chemical burns, and with an increased concentration of vapors in the air, poisoning.
1.7. When batteries are charged, hydrogen is released, which introduces small splashes of electrolyte into the air. Accumulated hydrogen can reach an explosive concentration, so batteries cannot be charged without ventilation.
1.8. Electrical safety rules must be observed when connecting batteries.
1.9. Persons involved in charging batteries must be well aware of and strictly comply with all the requirements set forth in this manual, and the administration of the enterprise is obliged to create normal working conditions and provide the workplace of the battery operator with everything necessary for the safe performance of the work assigned to him, as well as first aid means to prevent chemical burns with electrolyte (running tap water to wash off splashes of acid or alkali; 1% boric acid solution to neutralize alkali).
1.10. Battery workers must know and follow the rules of personal hygiene.
1.11. Accumulator workers must be able to provide first aid to the victim in an accident.
1.12. Labor protection instructions must be issued to all battery workers against receipt.
1.13. Trained and instructed battery operators bear full responsibility for violation of the requirements of the labor protection instructions in accordance with the current legislation.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Put on serviceable overalls, rubber boots and prepare individual protective equipment (rubberized sleeves, rubber gloves and goggles), fasten the cuffs, put on the trousers of the acid-resistant suit over the tops of the boots, put on a rubber apron (its lower edge should be lower than the upper edge of the tops of the boots), tuck in the clothes so that there are no fluttering ends, pick up the hair under a tight-fitting headdress.
2.2. Carefully inspect the workplace, put it in order, remove all objects that interfere with work. Arrange the working tool, fixtures and auxiliary materials in a convenient order for use and check their serviceability.
2.3. Check and make sure that the supply and exhaust ventilation and local exhausts work properly;
check the sufficiency of workplace lighting;
make sure there are no strangers in the room.
3. Safety requirements during work.
3.1. In the room for charging batteries, do not allow ignition of fire, smoking, sparks from electrical equipment and other equipment.
3.2. Connecting the battery terminals for charging and disconnecting them after charging should be done only when the equipment of the charging place is turned off.
3.3. When inspecting batteries, use a portable 12 V safety lamp.
Before turning on a portable electric lamp in the network, in order to avoid sparking, first insert it into the socket, and then turn on the knife switch; when turning off the electric lamp, first turn off the breaker, and then remove the plug.
3.4. Do not touch two battery terminals simultaneously with metal objects to avoid short circuits and sparks.
3.5. Check the battery voltage only with a voltmeter.
3.6. When removing and installing batteries on an electric car, make sure that they do not short circuit with the metal parts of the electric car.
3.7. Connecting the batteries to the DC power supply and connecting the batteries to each other should be done with rubber gloves and rubber shoes.
3.8. Do not touch live parts (terminals, contacts, electrical wires) without rubber gloves. If it is necessary to use a tool, use a tool with insulated handles.
3.9. When working with acid, acidic and alkaline electrolyte and preparing the electrolyte, observe the following requirements:
acid should be stored in bottles with closed ground stoppers in special crates, in separate ventilated rooms. Acid bottles should be placed on the floor in one row. Empty acid bottles should be stored under similar conditions;
on all vessels with electrolyte, distilled water, soda solution or boric acid solution, bottles with acid, clear inscriptions (names) of the liquid must be applied;
bottles should be carried by two persons using special stretchers, on which the bottle is securely fastened. Pre-check the serviceability of the stretcher;
pouring acid from bottles should be done with a forced slope using special devices for fixing bottles. It is allowed to pour acid using special siphons;
electrolyte preparation should be carried out only in a specially designated room;
when preparing the electrolyte, it is necessary to pour sulfuric acid into distilled water in a thin stream, stirring the electrolyte all the time;
it is forbidden to pour distilled water into sulfuric acid, since water in contact with acid quickly heats up, boils and, splashing, can cause burns;
electrolyte preparation should be carried out only in lead, faience or ebonite baths. The preparation of electrolyte in glassware is prohibited, since it may burst from sudden heating;
it is forbidden to work with acid without protective goggles, rubber gloves, boots and a rubber apron, which protect against possible drops of acid on the body or in the eyes of the worker;
crushing pieces of caustic alkali should be carried out using special scoops, tongs, tweezers and burlap. The worker must be protected by a rubber apron, rubber gloves and goggles;
do not mix the electrolyte in the bath by blowing air through the rubber hose.
3.10. When charging batteries, do not lean close to the batteries to avoid being burned by acid splashes from the battery opening.
3.11. Batteries should be transported in special trolleys with slots according to the size of the batteries. Do not carry batteries manually, regardless of their number, except for rearrangements.
3.12. Do not touch heated resistance coils.
3.13. Strictly observe individual precautions: eat only in the room designated for this purpose. Before eating, wash hands and face with soap and rinse your mouth with water. Do not store food and drinking water in the battery room;
clean tables and workbenches daily, wiping them with a rag soaked in soda solution, and once a week clean walls, cabinets and windows.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations.
4.1. In case of contact with sulfuric acid on the skin or in the eyes, immediately wash it off with a plentiful stream of water, then rinse with a 1% solution of baking soda and report to the master.
In case of signs of poisoning from an increased concentration of sulfuric acid in the air, go out into the fresh air, drink milk and baking soda and report to the master.
4.2. In case of contact with alkali (caustic potash or caustic soda) on the skin or in the eyes, immediately wash it off with a plentiful stream of water and rinse with a 3% solution of boric acid.
In case of signs of poisoning from an increased concentration of alkali in the air, go out into the fresh air, drink milk and report to the master.
4.3. In case of electric shock, you must:
release the victim from the action of electric current;
free from clothing that constrains him;
provide access to clean air to the victim, for which open the window and doors or take the victim out of the room and do artificial respiration;
call a doctor.
4.4. In the event of a fire, call the fire brigade, notify the administration of the enterprise and proceed to extinguish it with the available means.
5. Safety requirements at the end of work.
5.1. Tidy up your workspace.
Wipe tools and accessories and put them in the place provided for them.
5.2. Securely close the taps of the acid and electrolyte containers.
5.3. Inform the foreman or shifter about all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work, and about the measures taken to eliminate them.
5.4. Remove and deposit in the prescribed manner overalls, personal protective equipment.
5.5. Wash hands and face with warm soapy water, rinse mouth well or take a shower.