What affects the speed of the car. What determines the maximum print speed

Those who have already applied to the bank for a loan know that it is far from always possible to get the desired amount. Banks must have a limit on it. What determines the amount of the loan, and what factors affect it? Let's figure it out.

1. borrower's income. When issuing a loan, banks adhere to the following rule: after paying monthly payments on the loan, the borrower must have the amount necessary for life. Otherwise, the risks of delays and non-payments increase significantly. Therefore, the amount of the loan issued directly depends on the income of the borrower (as a result, on the interest rate on the loan). And the higher the income, the more the borrower can expect. If you want to increase the loan amount, you can invite co-borrowers. In this case, the income will be summed up and the loan amount will increase. However, it is worth remembering that the co-borrower in this case will bear the same responsibility for repaying the loan as the main borrower.
2. Loan terms. The longer the term, the more money you can borrow. But at the same time, the overpayment on the loan will be very significant. It is also necessary to keep in mind that banks pay attention to the age of the borrower. At the end of the loan term, a person must be of working age, so a borrower who is 50 years old can hardly count on a 20-year mortgage loan.
3. Currency. As a rule, lending rates on loans in dollars or euros are lower than those in rubles. Therefore, the loan amount in foreign currency may be higher.
4. Credit history. If you have a good credit history and banks "know" you as a reliable payer, you may be offered a loan on special terms with a lower interest rate. Lower interest rate means higher loan amount. Conversely, if the credit history is bad, then the interest rate rises, and with it the loan amount decreases.
5. Pledge. If you take a loan secured by collateral, then its amount is calculated depending on the market value of the collateral. The higher it is, the more money you can get. Naturally, the maximum amount can be obtained for the pledge of liquid real estate.

When taking a loan, also remember that in the end you can get even a smaller amount in your hands than it is indicated in the contract. The reason for this is various commissions (for insurance, cashing out, etc.), which can be 1-1.5%.

If you want to take a profitable loan with the maximum possible amount, you can contact the company "MBK-Credit". We have extensive experience working with banks and private lenders, so we can really help you.

Welcome! Acquisition of housing with the help of credit funds from various banking organizations is often the only opportunity for many citizens to acquire real estate ownership. But, before choosing housing, it is necessary to calculate how much the mortgage will be approved by the bank, what factors will be taken into account.

• Upper and lower thresholds for loan amounts;
• View the payment schedule for the entire loan period;
• Choose a convenient type of payment - annuity or differentiated;
• Determine the required level of income for loan approval;
• Find out how the early repayment of a mortgage will affect in different periods and at different amounts;
• Understand the final payment after the repayment of the mortgage by maternity capital.

You can also contact the bank branch directly and pre-calculate the possible amount of the future loan.

What factors, when calculating the amount available for lending to a citizen, will the bank itself take into account:

• The level of income of the borrower - the mortgage payment should not exceed 40-60% of the funds received by the citizen. The income of a citizen is confirmed by a certificate in the form of 2-NDFL, or according to the bank. Additionally, papers may be provided confirming income and part-time employment, other monthly receipts that are acceptable for accounting for income.

Sberbank, for example, allows a payment of such a size that about 10,000 of the remaining total income remains for each family member. At the same time, he takes into account additional income without documents. This allows you to significantly increase the amount of the loan.

• Borrower age. Most banks limit the amounts for individuals who, at the time of repayment of the loan, will meet the pension age “thresholds”. There is also a minimum age limit for the borrower, in most credit institutions - from 21 years.

From the age of 18, you can get a mortgage at Ak Bars and Globex Bank, and the maximum age of the borrower is at Sberbank and Transcapitalbank (75 years at the end of the mortgage)

• Total expenses for all family members, number of dependents. Each bank has its own calculations on the minimum amount of expenses for each family member. On average, this amount is within the minimum subsistence level.

A number of banks (VTB 24, Raiffeisenbank, Trancapitalbank, etc.) do not take into account children and other dependents at all when calculating the loan amount. This allows you to significantly increase the size of the mortgage. At the same time, if you have many children, and your income is not enough, then we recommend that you first of all apply to such banks.

• The presence of existing and repaid loans, the quality of fulfillment of obligations on them. With the timely repayment of all debt obligations and a good credit history, the bank can issue a mortgage even if there are other obligations to credit institutions.

Credit history is a topic for a separate big conversation. Banks do not see all loans, and each interprets the allowable number of delinquencies differently, in terms of approval. We recommend reading our post "" if you have doubts about the purity of your history in front of banks.

• The ability to provide a full package of documents - preferential programs and mortgages for two documents have a reduced threshold for the maximum amount and loan term, but because they allow you to write any income in the questionnaire, you can get an amount much higher than when providing a standard package of documents.
• Type of real estate object - for under construction, finished housing, suburban real estate, the allowable loan amount will be different, as well as the size of the first installment and the annual lending rate.
• Presence or absence of co-borrowers and/or guarantors. It is necessary not only to obtain a guarantee of the return of bank funds and confirmation of additional income. Quite often, a guarantee is issued, for example, for the duration of the construction of an object when applying for a mortgage on housing under construction.
• The cost of the loaned object. Checked with the valuation report provided by the borrower. With a significant difference, only the price indicated in bank documents will be taken into account, or the borrower will have to choose another property.
• Place of residence of the borrower - for residents of the capital regions, the thresholds for minimum and maximum amounts change.
• The presence or absence of an insurance policy will affect the loan rate and, accordingly, affect the borrower's financial ability to pay certain payments.
• The privileged position of a citizen is participation in state programs for the provision of subsidies, or the presence of a bank salary card.
• The possibilities of the bank itself. Taking into account its costs and time for processing and servicing the loan, the bank will determine the amount possible for lending.

Minimum

The average minimum mortgage as a percentage of the total value of real estate is 25-30%. Less than 10-20% is not so much less often requested by citizens as it is unprofitable to provide for the banking institution itself.

The minimum amount of a mortgage loan is possible at the Russian Agricultural Bank - it is only 100,000 rubles.

The following payments made by the borrower will not affect the final amount:

• On registration of insurance for a credited immovable object;
• Conducting an appraisal examination of the object by an independent expert;
• Notarial and other transactions for the registration of real estate or the execution of technical documentation.

In connection with the obligatory pledge to the bank of the acquired real estate object, if the borrower has almost the entire cost of the apartment, it is recommended to issue not a mortgage with a minimum rate for the same minimum amount, but a small consumer loan, for which issuance does not require collateral and object insurance.

In any case, the borrower needs to carefully study the terms of the loan agreement, whether it is possible or not to issue a loan of the minimum amount, its percentage of the total cost of housing and lending conditions when applying for a loan for 100% of the value of the property.

Maximum

The maximum amount of a mortgage loan is on average 70-80% of the cost of the purchased real estate object and also depends on a number of external factors and conditions on the part of the borrower and the bank.

When reaching the amount threshold of 100%, you should be on your guard. Such lending is usually approved for persons who do not have savings for a down payment, so the loan rate can be changed upwards.

Also, with 100% lending or requesting the maximum possible amount, the borrower usually reduces the term for granting a loan, and some additional conditions are introduced.

The maximum mortgage loan amount depends on the following factors:

1. The total family income. A co-borrower on a mortgage will allow you to increase the loan amount.
2. The number of dependents. The more dependents, the smaller the amount of approval, in order to increase it, it is necessary to consider banks that do not take them into account or conclude a prenuptial agreement and remove one spouse from the transaction.
3. Debt obligations. Credit cards (even if you do not use them), loans can greatly cut your maximum credit limit. Be sure to close everything unnecessary, and if there are a lot of debts, then, again, you can’t do without a marriage partner. It will allow you to withdraw from the transaction the spouse who has the maximum debt load.
4. The region where the object was purchased. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the amount is larger.
5. Bank and its mortgage program. Each bank independently determines its credit policy and sets limits for various types of programs.

The maximum possible amount of a mortgage loan is recommended to be issued to persons who have the installation and the ability to repay debt obligations ahead of schedule, or to borrowers with a fairly high level of income.

Offers top 10 mortgage banks

Considering various loan offers, it is initially better to find out exactly how much a mortgage is given in a particular bank, whether this amount will be enough for a loan, and what pitfalls and nuances exist. Let's consider what maximum and minimum amounts the leading Russian banks will give to citizens who apply for a mortgage loan.

Bank	Minimum mortgage amount, rubles	Maximum mortgage amount, rubles	Nuances
Sberbank	300000	15000000	The bank gives an increased mortgage amount for the purchase of housing in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the corresponding regions
VTB 24	600000	60000000	It is possible to purchase housing under construction, finished or already mortgaged in the bank
Raiffeisenbank	500000	26000000	For the Moscow region, the minimum is increased to 800,000 rubles
VTB Bank of Moscow	600000	8000000	The maximum is the same for all lending programs
Gazprombank	500000	45000000	Minimum - not less than 15% of the total cost of the loaned object
Bank DeltaCredit	300000	20000000	For Moscow, the first installment is 600,000
Rosselkhozbank	100000	20000000	The amount and rate are the same for the primary and secondary markets
Bank "Saint-Petersburg	500000	30000000	To obtain maximum funds, it is necessary that a mortgage be issued on ready-made housing (secondary) for a shortened period of not more than 15 years
Bank "Revival	300000	30000000	Down payment up to 80% allowed
Absolut Bank	300000	20000000	Single size for the primary and aftermarket

When is it worth applying for a mortgage, and when is it easier to take

It is no coincidence that banks designate two types of thresholds for mortgage loans.

"for" mortgage:

• The rate is slightly lower;
• Acceptable payment for the entire loan term;
• You can get a refund of interest on a mortgage and other benefits from the state;
• Full or partial early repayment, including with the help of financial capital.

"for" needs:

• Real estate is subject to collateral in a bank, and when repaying a loan, a lot of time is spent on removing the encumbrance and funds for re-registration of the transaction in Rosreestr. It is easier to issue a consumer loan for the purchase of an apartment at a higher percentage;
• You are free to dispose of the property at your own discretion;
• The speed of obtaining a demand and conducting a transaction is many times faster than with a mortgage.

You can avoid collateral and high interest by applying for an installment plan at the developer's office or from the seller. Its term can be from several months to a couple of years.

If you need legal support for a transaction, it is easy to get it with the help of our free legal consultant. He will advise you on all the nuances. Leave your request in a special form.

You can apply for a mortgage through this service, and you can find out from our last article.

We are waiting for your questions and suggestions below. Support our project in social networks and rate the article.

Running is one of the easiest physical activities. It improves health, increases stamina, restores muscle tone and helps to become happier, because most people release endorphins and phenylethylamine during running. But in order to feel the "euphoria of a runner", you need to learn how to run correctly. Both the speed of a person’s running and his physical fitness can affect emotional sensations. How to choose your own pace, how to develop running speed for a novice athlete and run fast for your own pleasure? To begin with, we will analyze what the average running speed is and what are the limits of a person’s capabilities.

Fast walking is considered to be moving at a speed of 5–8 km/h. The run starts at 9 km/h. In theory, the maximum running speed of a trained person can reach 64 km / h, but so far no one has managed to get close to this figure. Usain Bolt's world record, entered in the Guinness Book of Records in 2009, is 19.28 km / h less than this figure.

In practice, the speed of a person's running depends on the endurance of the organism, weight, height, the goal set and, especially, the distance covered. Each running distance in athletics has its own name and best performance:

1. - running short distances from 100 to 400 meters. In the fastest form of running, athletes do not need to distribute forces. In order to run fast in extreme conditions with a lack of oxygen, they have to train using a special anaerobic technique with holding their breath for a certain distance. The best sprinters run 100 meters in 10-11 seconds. The world record belongs to Jamaican athlete Usain Bolt, who ran the 100 meters in 9.58 seconds and the 200 meters in 19.19 seconds. The 400m record holder is Weide van Niekerk with a time of 43.03 seconds. However, endurance champions show such indicators in competitions, and during normal training they run 10-30% slower.
2. - medium distances within 800-3000 meters. Stayer running is not much different from marathon running. Athletes have to use different running techniques: run exactly most of the distance, saving strength for acceleration at the finish line. The average speed of an adult with training experience is 18–23 km/h.
3. - long distances more than five kilometers. At long distances, athletes go to their maximum possible speed in the last section. But since marathon runners have to distribute energy over long distances, they cannot accelerate like sprinters. Beginners overcome marathons at an average speed of 9–12 km/h, while trained athletes run 16–18 km per hour. Wilson Kipsang showed the highest speed at a distance of 42.2 km. He accelerated so much in the last seven kilometers that the average was 20.5 km / h.

Sports achievements of the fair sex are 8–14% less than those of men. The results of ladies in running are worse for several reasons:

• increased muscle elasticity;
• the proportion of adipose tissue is about 10% higher than in men;
• the proportion of muscle mass is lower by 15–25%;
• the volume of the lungs and heart is less by 10-15%;
• hemoglobin is lower than in men by 15%, which causes a lower ability of the body to transport oxygen;
• 20% fewer mitochondria that generate energy;
• the level of testosterone, which regulates the functioning of the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems, is 10-15 times lower than in men.

Biological capabilities and running performance

The biological limit of maximum speed is determined by:

• injuries and diseases;
• leg length;
• body weight;
• the ability to resist fatigue with oxygen deficiency;
• metabolic rate and muscle recovery;
• endurance;
• anaerobic metabolic threshold - the extreme intensity at which lactate accumulates in the muscles and blood faster than the body can remove it.

The following factors affect the speed indicator:

• step length;
• coordination of movements;
• flight phase;
• the force of impact of the foot on the running surface;
• the period of time during which the foot is in contact with the support;
• torso tilt.

Athletes regularly perform gymnastic stretching and basic leg exercises to increase running speed and endurance: squats, lunges, jumping rope, hopping. The set of exercises is so simple that you can work on explosive leg strength both at home and in the gym. To increase functional strength, professionals conduct sprint training with resistance and weights: parachute, team with weight, loaded vest.

How fast can a normal person reach in running?

Children (before puberty) run a hundred meters in physical education classes in 14–17 seconds. The average young person who has no contraindications to running, excess weight and bad habits can run a little slower. For a month of training, non-professionals are able to improve their results by 1-2 seconds. With regular practice, progress will gradually slow down.

An ordinary person who regularly trains for health runs a hundred meters in 13-15 seconds. Women are 1-1.5 seconds behind men. As for the average running speed at other distances, for trained men this value is kept in the range of 15-20 km / h, and for women - 12-15 km / h.
High speed is needed for records, not for health. The simplest and most accessible type of activity for an untrained person is. Speed ​​in this run is not important. Beginners should focus only on internal comfort and periodically record heart rate and pressure. If the indicators are normal, you can increase the pace.

Beginners who have tried aimlessly running or tortured themselves with super speeds often come to the conclusion: “Running is not my thing!”. But do not chase other people's achievements and try to surpass the athletes who brag about their success in motivational videos. You need to choose a convenient time for training, duration, normal pace and place. For example, many people prefer mountain running to road running. Running on a treadmill is not the same as running outdoors.

When choosing, consider the nature of the pronation of the foot. To determine the type of arch of the foot at home, it is necessary to conduct a “wet test”: wet your bare feet and stand on a sheet of thick paper. Coming off the sheet, you need to circle the prints with a pencil. With overpronation (flat feet), the foot is completely imprinted - there is practically no bend on the inside. Too much curvature indicates hypopronation. And if the description of the print is between these two cases, then you have a neutral (correct) arch of the foot.

The first step in preparing for a health run is brisk walking, which develops the joints and prepares the body for further stress. After a few weeks of walking (the duration of training depends on age and health), you can move on to jogging. It is better to start with interval running, the technique of which is to alternate jogging with walking. Optimal running speed:

• jogging - from 6 to 9 km / h;
• light elastic running "footing" - from 10 to 12 km / h.

Wellness running should be regular and begin with a 10-minute warm-up, and end with muscle stretching. It is advisable to exercise at least three times a week, draw up a training program and choose a pace taking into account the maximum heart rate. To calculate your maximum heart rate, you need to subtract your age from 220.

Characteristics of the pulse when running:

• 80-100% of the maximum heart rate - the development of speed;
• 70–80% of the indicator (optimal heart rate when running) - improving shape, training the heart, increasing muscle tone;
• 50–60% - improvement in general health, increase in endurance, acceleration of recovery processes in the body.

To monitor the pulse while jogging will help, special watches and other gadgets that signal that a given threshold is exceeded. You can also independently calculate the frequency of strokes in 15 seconds and multiply the figure by 4.

Strive to enjoy running and set realistic goals for yourself. A great mood and a positive attitude will help you go from the couch to the 10-kilometer run and set your own record!

The main factor that influences car acceleration time, is the engine power. In addition, a huge number of other factors affect the acceleration of a car. It all depends on the level of aerodynamics of the car, its weight, tires, suspension mounted on a car such as a gearbox and other things. Next, we describe each of the factors in detail.

Forces acting on a car while moving.

What determines the acceleration time of the car.

1) Vehicle weight. And so, the lighter the car, the easier it will accelerate and take turns. Manufacturers of sports cars that are designed to race on the tracks, absolutely in every way try to reduce weight, while maintaining its power.

2) Auto acceleration. In the automotive industry, manufacturers often use different aluminum alloys, which are lightweight and, at the same time, reliable and safe. Body parts of sports cars are made of carbon - a special carbon fiber. Steel, compared to carbon fiber, is more than one and a half times heavier! The weight of parts made from aluminum is about 20 percent lighter than parts made from steel. Carbon fiber is used to make aerodynamic parts. Carbon fiber is not quite suitable for making a car frame, because to give the driver safety, it will take several layers of carbon fiber to make the frame, which will weigh almost like a steel frame, but at the same time cost several times more.

3) Wheels affect vehicle acceleration. Manufacturers set light alloy wheels. The wheels are fitted with low profile tires. These wheels weigh a little. More information about wheels can be found on the Internet, therefore, we will not dwell on their varieties.

4) Vehicle aerodynamics- one of the most pressing issues in racing. Significant air resistance to the car is when accelerating over 80 km / h. Untuned aerodynamics significantly increase car acceleration time.

5) Tires on a car. It depends on the tires and the pressure in them. acceleration time sports car from the spot. Tires should be "warmed up" before the start of the race for better grip on the asphalt. To warm up the tires, 10-15 minutes of quiet driving or wheel slip on the spot is enough. For example, in "Formula 1", in order to ideally take turns without losing speed, the racers make a "warm-up lap" before the start. Slick tires have the best grip on asphalt.

6) Transmission - gearbox. Gear ratios are both long and short. Short gear ratios have many teeth on the part gears for each gear. If a sports car needs to accelerate quickly, manufacturers make gear ratios shorter. Note that gear ratios affect the speed of the car. That is, a car with smooth acceleration has a higher top speed than a car with fast acceleration. If the track has a lot of turns where you need to quickly accelerate, then it is worth installing a gearbox with short gear ratios. In conventional city cars, gear ratios are balanced for efficient acceleration and normal top speeds.

7) car suspension. For a quick start and perfect cornering, sports cars are equipped with a special sports rigid suspension.

8) Vehicle drive type. It depends on this acceleration from a standstill. With the same power of two cars with rear and front-wheel drive, the first will always win.