PS- Peugeot Citroen- Headquartered in Paris, France.
The history of Peugeot as an automobile company goes back to the distant 19th century.
Peugeot Brothers and Sons is a family company engaged in the production of hardware, parts for horse carriages, and bicycles in the middle of the century before last. Armand Peugeot ignited the idea of the automotive industry after meeting the notorious Gottlieb Daimler.
1889 - The first steam-powered Peugeot saw the light of day.
In 1891 - the first Peugeot with a Daimler gasoline engine.
1895 - 72 Peugeots were produced and sold.
1896 - foundation of the company "Society Peugeot cars».
1899 Car production grows, and Peugeot sells more than 300 copies.
At the beginning of the 20th century, an outstanding designer and engineer E. Bugatti worked in Peugeot, and the cheap Bebe Peugeot (“Baby Peugeot”) was put into production.
Bebe Peugeot
Peugeot is the first company in Europe to start conveyor assembly of cars.
In 1915, after the death of Armand Peugeot, other family members continue his work. During World War I, the history of the Peugeot company continues with the production of almost all types of weapons, the company becomes the main supplier for the French army. Bellanger and De Dion-Bouton join the firm's business. The company is focusing on issuing cheap cars, designed for buyers with an average income.
Peugeot 201
1929 the company produces the most cheap car for the French market - Peugeot 201. The main models of the 30s of the XX century were: Peugeot 202, Peugeot 302 and Peugeot 402.
During the Second World War, the Peugeot company came under the control of German concern Volkswagen.
At the end of the war, the history of Peugeot as a manufacturer cars continues. Production begins in 1946 and the company produces pre-war models.
Peugeot 203
1948 - the premiere of the first post-war model Peugeot 203.
1958 - Peugeot cars are sold in the USA.
European automotive market continued to grow year by year, the Peugeot company released new product after new product. Appeared "beauty" Peugeot 504 Coupe. High competition has led the French to the need for joint development of new engines, components and assemblies - cooperation has begun with Renault and Volvo.
Peugeot 504 coupe
Peugeot bought a 30% stake in 1974 French Citroen, and a year later in 1975 it completely absorbed the company. As a result, the PSA Peugeot Citroen concern is created.
In the early 1980s, PSA fell on hard times, with sales sluggish and profits falling.
1983 - the appearance of the Peugeot 205 - the car saved the auto giant from collapse, it successful sales allowed the PSA to stay afloat and reorganize.
Peugeot 205
1984 Opening of a joint venture in China (Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile).
1991 - Peugeot withdraws from the North American market.
In the early 90s, the history of Peugeot continues with the release of a wide range of passenger cars: Peugeot 106, Peugeot 205, Peugeot 309, Peugeot 405, Peugeot 605, Peugeot 806.
Peugeot 405
The French concern Peugeot entered the 21st century with a confident step. The company cooperates in terms of technical development with Fiat, Ford, Renault, Toyota, BMW, Mitsubishi, GM. French car production PSA concern located in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, China, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and several other countries. In Russia, together with Mitsubishi PSA Peugeot Citroen, it produces cars at a car plant in Kaluga.
Peugeot 307
Peugeot cars have won the competition three times European car of the year":
1969 - Peugeot 504
1988 - Peugeot 405 model
2002 - Peugeot 307 model
Sporting success Peugeot is no less significant for the company. sports history Peugeot companies: participation in the WRC, 24 hours in Le Mans and of course the Paris-Dakar rally, Peugeot car reviews note that the company's cars have been winners for four years in a row, from 1987 to 1990.
Peugeot wins the Paris Dakar Rally
Peugeot RCZ
Today, Peugeot cars are sold in car dealerships in Russia. following models: Peugeot 107, Peugeot 208, Peugeot 308, Peugeot 3008, Peugeot 4007, Peugeot 4008, Peugeot 508, Peugeot 5008, Peugeot RCZ, Peugeot Partner Tepee, Peugeot Bipper Teppee.
In 1990, the company celebrated its centenary as an automotive company. But the adventurous “History of Peugeot” began much earlier: its first period was the era of pioneers, which around 1810 was marked by the opening of the first metalworking factory, followed by the production of tools and amazing success with bicycles.
At the dawn of the twentieth century, automobiles appeared on the scene. Peugeot becomes famous as one of the founding members of the automaker's shop and immediately wins the sympathy of many thanks to the amazing feats of intrepid young men driving horseless carriages. So humanity enters the era of speed.
After the First World War for the car, now mature, begins modern era: from a handicraft manufacturer "Peugeot" is transformed into a real industrial enterprise. Peugeot continues to amaze the imagination on the racetrack and makes the dream of owning a car a daily reality for many people.
However, clouds are gathering, a second global conflict is approaching. These times are destined to become an era of limitations. In the dark years, Peugeot participates in the Resistance. With freedom once again triumphant, Peugeot survives in a changed world, and history continues.
In the atmosphere of the population boom and post-war optimism, new Europe, prone to consolidation and discovered consumerism. This is an era of progress and prosperity. Therefore, Peugeot becomes one of the world leaders in the automotive industry and provides cars for millions of people around the world.
The era of pioneers.
The Peugeot brothers come from a family of flour millers who lived near Montbéliard in the French department of Oak. In 1810 these young men came up with the idea of turning their mill into a metalworking factory and began supplying springs to local watchmakers.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the steam engine and carriages without horses were invented in England. These strange vehicles they resemble horse-drawn carriages, but there is one slight difference: they are driven by ingenious machines. From this era came to us the concept of "horsepower", used to this day to determine the power of the engine.
Between 1824 and 1882, new Peugeot factories are gradually established, products diversifying: springs, tools, corset-making mechanisms, coffee grinders (1840) and Sewing machines (1867).
Around 1860, the engine is born internal combustion. Initially, it works on a gas-air mixture, which explodes alternately with different parties inside the cylinder, causing the piston to move back and forth. The fuel is ignited by a spark plug (a Lenoir engine mounted on small car in 1863).
1876: German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Nikolaus Otto develop four stroke engine internal combustion.
IN 1882 The first bicycles appear that use wheels of different sizes (1.86 m front, 0.40 m rear). The production of Peugeot bicycles is rapidly gaining momentum.
IN 1884 Frenchman Edouard Delamare-Deboutville presents the first car. In 1886 Karl Benz creates a gasoline three-wheeled vehicle capable of developing incredible speed- 15 km/h. This is the first real car. Frenchman Emile Levassor becomes the exclusive distributor of Daimler engines in France. He supplies them to manufacturers such as Panhard-Levassor and Peugeot.
IN 1889 year at the World Exhibition in Paris, the main attraction is the three-wheeled car "Serpollet-Peugeot" ("Serpolette-Peugeot"). But already at the beginning of next year, Peugeot masters the internal combustion engine and begins to produce a four-wheeled car with a Daimler engine.
The car is coming into use, but the main form of mechanical transport is still the bicycle. Peugeot- largest manufacturer this two-wheeled vehicle - is included in sports: in 1891 one of the first Peugeot Type 3 four-wheeled bicycles takes part in the first bicycle race from Paris to Brest and covers 2100 kilometers in 139 hours!
IN 1892 Peugeot produces 29 Type-3 quads in a year. For the bey of Tunisia, a unique model is created, called "Type-4", decorated with traditional Tunisian ornaments.
IN 1894 In the same year, a journalist from the French Petit Journal organizes a "competition of carts without horses, which are set in motion by mechanical force." The total number of participants is 21, Peugeot puts up six cars for the competition. As a result, Peugeot and Panhard-Levassor shared the first place.
Peugeot excelled again the following year by winning the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris race, the first ever time trial car race. However, history will perpetuate the fact that the Peugeot, nicknamed "L'Eclair" (literally - "lightning" because of the machine's tendency to zigzag), first used pneumatic car tires delivered by the Michelin brothers.
IN 1896 In the year Armand Peugeot created the Peugeot Automobile Society (Societe des Automobiles Peugeot) in Oudencourt. In the same year, Baron Julien's car disappears from the garage, this event was the first car theft in history - a Peugeot car!
1898: The prefect of Paris, Louis Lépin, introduces the first rules governing car traffic, and sets a speed limit of 12 km/h.
In Italy in 1899 Giovanni Agnelli creates the FIAT company.
At the turn of the century, Peugeot becomes a major automobile manufacturer: in 1899, the Peugeot catalog includes 15 models, from 2-seater to 12-seater cars. IN 1900 500 cars and 20,000 bicycles were produced.
1902: Birth of Cadillac in the USA.
1903: The Paris-Madrid race has been abandoned in Bordeaux after an accident that killed several drivers and spectators. It will take a few years for the young motorsport to recover from this first tragedy.
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Cars of the French corporation Peugeot often become smart choice among the proposals of the current auto industry. Low cost compared to modern technologies and good appearance make the cars of this concern popular all over the world. For quite a long time, the corporation has been owned by the joint French concern Peugeot-Citroen, and also closely cooperates with Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi. In the last ten years, there has been a notable teamwork French with Ford.
The Peugeot-Citroen concern is one of the most widespread enterprises in the world. Until the 1990s, there was only one country of production of Peugeot - France. Today, the corporation's factories operate on four continents, each major country has its own assembly, which helps customers save a lot on buying French vehicles.
Geography of distribution of Peugeot plants
Spreading factories around the world gives buyers of Peugeots one big plus - a reduction in cost, due to the absence of increased taxes. If cars from France were brought to Brazil in assembled form, Peugeot would cost incredible money in Latin America. The only two continents that do not have Peugeot productions are North America and Australia.
South America, China, Russia, some African countries, Spain and Portugal, France and Italy, as well as Turkey - in all these countries there is a production of the French concern. Often, a company cooperates with other manufacturers to set up a plant. For example, production in Russia was created jointly with by Mitsubishi. The benefits of such a wide distribution for the company are as follows:
- the possibility of reducing the tax burden on the company's budget;
- national assembly is important for many countries that are building up patriotism and a good attitude towards domestic production;
- assembly in most countries is much cheaper than in France;
- assembly quality of machines is controlled by automatic technologies;
- a wide network of enterprises opens up many opportunities for international cooperation.
The presence of factories in Italy and Spain allows the company to cooperate fruitfully with Fiat and Seat. Cooperation with other manufacturers often becomes the basis for the growth of a corporation and the acquisition of a quality position in the market. For example, mutually beneficial cooperation with Mitsubishi is the basis for the appearance in modern model line companies big crossover Peugeot 4008.
There are other examples of interesting cooperation, which is not known to the average layman. Today, in the model line of the French corporation, there is only a part of really authentic cars, a large number of models are joint developments.
Problems and prospects for the development of Peugeot
The exchange of experience and technology is becoming the basis for the development of all European and other world car manufacturers. Nevertheless, the Peugeot-Citroen Corporation in 2014-2015 is not going through the most better times. The company has many problems that do not allow further development to the fullest.
Among the most serious tasks and problems that have arisen in last years, the following aspects of the work of the corporation can be distinguished:
- the staff in recent years has decreased to 200,000 people (8 thousand were reduced);
- new French developments concern only the appearance of cars - technically, cars have remained in the past decade;
- a huge amount of loans for the construction of new factories plunged the company into a pool of debt;
- financial obligations to partners led to a serious crisis within the company;
- demand for French cars remains high only in France;
- the corporation abandoned some models in Africa, which brought stable profits, which aggravated the financial fall.
Nevertheless, the management of the corporation is taking a lot of positive steps to save the corporation. For example, today Peugeot cooperates with six global car manufacturing corporations. In cooperation with Toyota, the French produce class A cars, several prototypes have been jointly developed with BMW great engines with low emission rates. Mechanical and automatic transmissions produced jointly with Renault from 1966 to the present day.
Such cooperation allows the company to stay afloat and receive more possibilities to distribute their cars. However, in many countries the demand for Peugeot cars has been falling in recent years. The corporation is forced to raise the cost of cars, because the competition becomes more intense.
The assembly of Peugeot today is almost completely robotic, but this is only the first step towards success in the market.
Video:
Take stock
Despite the difficult financial situation, the company participates in virtually every major global car showroom, presenting prototypes of future machines. Judging by the conceptual developments, the corporation has a lot of plans. Today, work is underway on the development of SUVs and big crossovers, are constructed family cars and prototypes of class A machines for Europe are being created.
If the company has enough funds to completely update the technical arsenal of current equipment, Peugeot has every chance to capture a serious market share and get more loyal customers. Today, Peugeot remains a fallback option for many buyers.
If you drive a Peugeot, leave your review about specific model companies below in the comments.
History of Peugeot
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Peugeot- french car brand owned by Peugeot Citroën. The entire range of Peugeot.
Early history
The company was founded in 1810 and initially produced coffee grinders and bicycles. 1858 as an emblem trademark lion image selected.
The first car of the company is an unreliable steam tricycle, created by Armand Peugeot in 1889. A year later, it was installed Gas engine Panhard-Daimler with a three-speed gearbox. But due to intra-family disagreements, Armand Peugeot separated from family business and created the Société des Automobiles Peugeot in 1896.
In 1896 the first Peugeot engines. The first engine was a two-cylinder, with horizontally arranged cylinders and had a power of 8 Horse power. It was installed on the back of a car called 15. Gradually, Peugeot products began to look like modern car.
The engine moved under the front hood on the 48, the steering wheel appeared on the 36. In 1901, Peugeot showed a Bébé single-cylinder car with an engine of only 5 hp, and six years later he was already able to produce a car with a six-cylinder engine.
Years between the wars
After the war, it resumed in earnest automotive production. In addition, the company's cars actively participated in races. New Peugeot 201, produced in 1929, was very popular because of its affordable price. First appeared on this model modern way model names.
In 1934, Peugeot released the 402 BL Éclipse Décapotable, the first convertible with a retractable hardtop. Soon the related Peugeot 202, Peugeot 302 were released. The production of these models, curtailed due to the war, was resumed from the middle of 1946.
After the war
In 1947 he entered sale Peugeot 203 with coil spring suspension, rack and pinion steering and hydraulic brakes. The car was in record demand.
In the next decade, the Peugeot 403 appeared, subsequently sold in more than a million copies. The company began selling products in the United States in 1958, and in 1960 the Peugeot 404 was in good demand, which was equipped with an uprated engine from the 403 model.
Several Peugeot models were produced in Australia, starting with the 203 in 1953. These were followed by the 403, 404 and 504 models from Australian assembly, and ended with the 505 in the early 1980s.
Acquisition of Citroen and Chrysler Europe
Mid-seventies - Peugeot, with the support of the French government, acquired the bankrupt company Citroën. And in 1978, Peugeot bought the European division of Chrysler, also desperately in debt.
1980s and 1990s
In 1983, the highly successful Peugeot 205 went on sale. The car sold so well that it became the best-selling car in France and was very popular in other parts of Europe, including the UK, where sales regularly exceeded 50,000 a year by the late 1980s. On joint venture Peugeot 504 and 505 were produced in China between 1985 and 1997.
The 405 sedan was released in 1987 and was very popular car throughout Europe and continued to be in demand in Africa and Asia even after it was replaced by the 406 almost a decade later. However, the car was not a success in the USA.
2000 onwards
It was no coincidence that we bought a Peugeot 308 hatchback two years ago in the most democratic configuration. They believed in the plans of the French to start its production in Kaluga - and they were not mistaken.
The editorial car covered a little less than 40 thousand km - it participated in special winter and summer tests, brought joy and asked questions. In addition, the 308th in different trim levels twice participated in group tests. Let's try to impartially consider the car from all sides ...
PEUGEOT 308: BIOGRAPHY
The model debuted in the fall of 2007. In Russia - since the spring of 2008.
The car is produced from gasoline engines 1.4 and 1.6 liters (95–175 hp) and diesel engines 1.6–2 liters (90–136 hp). On EuroNCAP tests, the Peugeot 308 received the maximum five stars. Since 2008, in addition to three- and five-door hatchbacks, SW station wagons have been produced, since 2009, a Peugeot 308 CC hardtop convertible and a 3008 crossover. In 2010, the Peugeot 308 RCZ coupe was introduced.
PEUGEOT-308 IN RUSSIA
sell here five-door hatchback, station wagon and coupe-cabriolet. Engines: petrol 1.6 l, 120–150 hp, as well as diesel engines 110 and 136 hp. While in Kaluga they will collect the most affordable option(exactly the same we have in the editorial office) - with a 120-horsepower engine and mechanical box gears.
PEUGEOT 308 IN GROUP TESTS
In the first test (SR, 2008, No. 6), a French car with a 2-liter 140-horsepower engine and automatic transmission gears (Premium Pack, options, 913,200 rubles) competed with KIA-Seed, FIAT-Bravo and Mazda-3. Peugeot shared first and second places with Mazda 3 with 8.1 points.
In the test of 2009 (ZR, 2009, No. 6), the 308th took part with a 120-horsepower engine and a manual gearbox ( Comfort package Pack, 599,000 rubles). The car was compared with FIAT Bravo, Hyundai i30 and Volkswagen Golf. The latter, gaining 8.8 points, won; Peugeot (8.1 points) took second place. Below is the sum of impressions, positive and negative, from the car in two tests.
PROS. Excellent soundproofing, excellent finishes, large ground clearance, informative brakes, confident behavior on the road.
MINUSES. Unfortunate location of external mirrors, specific front seats and driving position, mediocre selectivity of the gear lever.
PEUGEOT 308 IN WINTER
Our car, together with Skoda-Octavia, Volga-Siber and Mitsubishi-Lancer, participated in the winter run along the route Moscow - Veliky Ustyug - Moscow (ZR, 2010, No. 4). The engine is easy, on the first try it started at -33ºС. However, Peugeot lost to competitors in the speed of warming up the cabin on the spot. Experts also noted an unsuccessful ventilation system: even at the maximum achievable (and already uncomfortable) temperature, the side and rear windows freeze over. Finding the heat balance is not easy. The average fuel consumption per run was 7.3 l/100 km.
PROS. Confident start, solid suspension.
MINUSES. Not good comfortable fit behind the wheel, a mediocre ventilation system.
PEUGEOT 308 IN SUMMER
IN summer test, in addition to the cars participating in the winter, the Lada-Kalina with a station wagon started. A trip along country roads showed that the ground clearance of the Peugeot 308 is quite sufficient, but the low “nose” requires accuracy when choosing a trajectory.
Car interiors, heated to 50ºС, were cooled by air conditioners on the spot for 30 minutes, measuring the rate of temperature drop. "Peugeot" in this nomination took fourth place, ahead of only "Kalina". The experiment was repeated on the go. And again, the 308th turned out to be the fourth, the last - "Siber".
PEUGEOT 308 AND SERVICE
Service trips of our Peugeot were, fortunately, infrequent. But at times, they are entertaining and instructive. A simple malfunction in general gave rise and mood to create a small series that deserves the name "Engineering Detective".
SERIES ONE: CANDLE LIGHT STUD
A few days before the New Year, the Peugeot 308, which ran a little more than 30,000 km, began to start poorly. At the first, long start by the starter, the engine did not show signs of life, from the second or third attempt it started up with difficulty (as a rule, it was necessary to open the throttle) and worked very unevenly for several tens of seconds, threatening to stall. Suspicion, after some thought, fell on temperature sensors- air or coolant. The version was shared with employees of the service station of the official Peugeot dealer - Armand, where the car was regularly serviced.
The verdict of the repairmen was different: the replacement of the spark plugs and the "reset of the automatic transmission control computer" (quote from the work order) were necessary. In words, the cunning operation was described more clearly: resetting the engine control unit. A visit to the service station cost 4319 rubles, of which 432 were taken for “reading the contents of memory electronic block and 720 for "reboot". Where is the automatic transmission on our car - we did not begin to think. But why do you need to pay for flashing work? If the car did not start due to the control unit, this is apparently a warranty malfunction. If only the candles are to blame (seemingly quite functional), why reflash? Well, okay: they say they fixed it, and this is the main thing. However, the next morning ... You guessed it - everything happened again!
SERIES TWO: THE HARD OF LIFE
The frosts were getting stronger, and, of course, this did not make the launch easier. "Peugeot" again drove into the yard of the "Armand" service.
I ask: "Check the sensors!". The polite Master complains: “The computer at the service station cannot check the parameters of the sensors, but does not show a frank malfunction. But they will, of course, look for it." Not Very Polite Master adds: “It starts up. Well, from the third time, well, from the fourth ... But it starts up! And both complain about life, trying to explain: what does Peugeot pay for and what does not. I did not want to understand the intricacies of relations between the manufacturer and the dealer. I left the car at the service station until the evening, although I felt it was in vain. You don't have to be Holmes to predict the outcome.
Escorting me to the 308th, who was lonely crouching near the fence, the Polite Master said: it would be necessary to change the belt tensioner under warranty (it was actually replaced later), since the sound of the engine is not good. There are no details, but they will order it, and then, maybe, the engine will start better (?!). But, in general, at their service station, the Master claimed, the engine started up normally. “Well, wind it up,” I suggested to the Polite Master. He, not noticing my treachery, turned the key and for a long time, with sadness in his eyes, listened to the chirping of the fruitlessly working starter ...
Peugeot and I left the gate, deciding not to return here unless absolutely necessary.
SIMPLE TRUTH
Here professional interest jumped up: after all, not Newton's binomial! Diagnostics in our own technical center began with external examination- a hint for those who have not yet given up hope of learning how to repair something sensibly. They immediately revealed a small leak of antifreeze from under the coolant sensor, which, by the way, was not noticed at the service (probably the computer did not show it!). And here is a simple laboratory work - checking temperature sensors using a professional computer and the corresponding program for Peugeot. The car was cold at night, it was -24ºС outside. The temperature of the coolant should be close to the temperature of the air (the normal discrepancy is 3-4ºС), and the insidious coolant sensor claims that the antifreeze has cooled down to only -6ºС. Looks like they found it!
It remains a little - to buy a sensor. A call to the Armanda company store did not please: wait - a month! But the factory part by VIN code was very quickly found ... in one of the Moscow markets. For greater accuracy, the seller even brought her portrait to the computer screen, took 800 rubles, wrote out a check ... Peugeot started up like a new one. The story, which began a month ago with our request to the servicemen to check the temperature sensors, ended with a happy ending ...
The name of the company in this series can be changed by choosing at random one of the many others. A special case was only emphasized common problems- low qualification of repairmen who do not know how and, it seems, do not particularly try to conduct competent, conscientious diagnostics. It is much easier to take money for "teleloading the automatic transmission control computer" and consumables. More serious spare parts the client will wait. Or will, like us, look for other options. I am sure that the success of any model on the market every year will increasingly depend on the branching of the service network, the quickness and professionalism of the repairmen.
PEUGEOT 308: PERSONAL IMPRESSIONS
Spacious, well-furnished interior. I like the radio control unit on the right under the steering wheel. I don’t really like the oversized moves of the gear lever and the steering wheel slightly littered up. Little by little I got used to the specific exterior mirrors.
Ground clearance is decent, but you need to remember about the front "beak". However, it all looks scarier than it really is. The car is very comfortable long trips. The suspension works well even rather big holes. A soft and spreading seat is acceptable for an ordinary driver, not suitable for an “athlete”.
The motor is enough even for a fairly energetic ride. It spins well, the selection of gear ratios contributes fast acceleration in the first three gears. But they don’t like drum shift box synchronizers.
A serviceable car confidently starts in the cold. True, the engine (and therefore the interior), even on the go, heats up longer than we would like. Main disadvantage- ventilation system. In the rain, the windows instantly sweat, in winter they freeze over. Find a compromise between the fight against this disease and comfortable temperature in the cabin is often not easy.
In Moscow average consumption fuel - 9.3–9.5 l / 100 km. On a free highway, it is quite possible to fit into 6.5 liters. In general, I think the car is quite strong and reliable. A kilometer of run in comparison with other cars of our fleet is inexpensive - 3.60 rubles.
