Cars in India as an objective reality
The Indian car is neither science fiction nor an oxymoron. The world does not stand still, and the third world is no exception in this respect.
Since the 90s of the last century, Indian cars have firmly entered the life of the large population of the entire Indochina. And if the inhabitants of our Far East have already become closely acquainted with the results of the automobile industry of the Middle Kingdom, then India still remains for us the birthplace of elephants and malaria.
Meanwhile, in India, it is the car, not the elephant, that is the vehicle. True, Indian cars can not yet boast of any radical design, or unearthly feature set, or outstanding quality. However, the leading Indian automaker Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) does not despair and makes every effort to promote its products on the world market.
So, at international shows, the Tata line of cars regularly appears, which, according to the assurances of the developers, should become folk cars first in India and then throughout the region.
The Tata line is a collection of Indica hatchbacks, Indigo sedans and Indigo SW station wagons. Specifications the following: Gas engine with a volume of 1.4 liters and a capacity of 85 Horse power. Same for diesel engines.
Indian cars are not limited to the concept of "passenger car". All the same Tata produces lungs and heavy trucks. In short, the whole range of services, a wide range, the target audience not limited.
Although the world community does not share such optimistic views. This is largely due to the notorious price-quality ratio. So, after a systematic price reduction due to low demand for products in the UK, an Indian car costs around 20,000 pounds.
Indian cars cannot be called cheap for the Russian market either. Provided that the line of SUVs will be assembled in Russia, the estimated price of an average SUV will be around $16,000.
Such a considerable cost of an Indian car is explained by the original development. Unlike its neighbors, India did not follow the path of unceremonious copying of other people's ideas and decided to honestly pay for them. As a result, the five-seater hatchback Tata Mint alone became an Indian car only by country of origin, because both the French (engine designed by La Moteur Moderne) and Italians (designed by I.De.A) had a hand in its creation.
And so it is with almost every model, which is why the idea of creating a people's Indian car seems, if feasible, then not in this century.
Along with this, it is impossible not to note the creative delights of manufacturers, who now and then present Indian conceptual cars to the public. For example, last time it was the Tata Crossover and the Cliffrider pickup.
Now Reva Electric Car Company, JV Maini Group of Bangalore and AEV LLC of USA have developed an Indian fuel cell car. This prototype operates on a "flexible" platform, which changes in accordance with the size of the hydrogen tank.
The principle of operation is called Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). This means that electricity is generated by a chemical reaction involving hydrogen fuel and oxygen.
An article about the most interesting cars from India - their features and characteristics. At the end of the article - interesting video about Indian crossovers.
The content of the article:
Automotive products of Indian production are little known to the Russian consumer, and even more than that - information about the presence of its own auto industry in this country causes only sarcastic laughter.
It must be admitted that India is a very colorful place, with unusual traditions and cinematography on the verge of insane, and therefore no one expects much from her cars either.
However, everything is not so scary. Motorists needlessly perceive cars in the same way as countless Chinese brands collected in artisanal conditions.
The industry of modern India is showing a fantastic rise in last years, concentrating colossal industrial capacities on its territory. At the same time, the fundamental difference between the overgrown automotive market from similar Chinese is the absence of the same type of brands. Each Indian model can boast of efficiency and compactness, sometimes even excessive, comical, but, unfortunately, not the best reliability.
Until the 2000s, cars had a fairly conservative look, reminiscent of the design and design of a rickshaw cart, often copied from European and American models. Only since 2003, the automotive industry begins to listen to the wishes of consumers and reorient itself to European markets. What came out of this, we will consider below.
This rear-wheel drive model has shown miracles of longevity, being produced from 1958 to 2014. Indian engineers took the Morris Oxford Series III, a creation of the British company Morris Motors Limited, as the basis for the design. However, despite this fact, the Indians themselves consider "Ambi" a national treasure and title the "king of the road."
Among the improvements to the original model are more spacious salon and the upper arrangement of the engine valves, and was equipped with diesel and gasoline engines of 1.5 and 2 liters. For half a century of history, Ambi has become the most popular, most massive and beloved car. In all the most iconic Bollywood films, he served as a kind of Bond Aston Martin for the main character.
By 2011, sales of the morally and technically obsolete model began to fall, and in 2014, even with the extremely low cost, the Ambassador was finally discontinued.
The rear-wheel drive sedan, which received the elegant name "Viscountess", also has in its progenitors English car Vauxhall VX, produced in the 70s.
First appeared on domestic market in 1983, the model impressed motorists with unprecedented comfort. This immediately transferred the car to a completely different category - to transport for officials and other representatives of the wealthy class.
An important component in the context of Indian roads, in terms of the number of potholes surpassing even Russia, has become a large wheelbase almost 3 meters and independent suspension, together providing a smooth ride.
Early versions of the Viscountess were equipped with a 4-cylinder 1.5-liter BMC B-Series engine, and in the late 80s they switched to gasoline and diesel engines Isuzu with a volume of 1.8 and 2.0 liters.
Hindustan Contessa distinguished itself by being the first native Indian car to receive vacuum booster brakes. It was produced only for the domestic market, not even trying to go for export.
The multi-billion dollar conglomerate Mahindra & Mahindra unveiled a fun mega-compact truck in 2009 that cost just $3,500. Let its comical appearance not be misleading - a nimble kid, famously maneuvering through the narrow Indian streets, spends only 3.7 liters of diesel fuel per hundred kilometers and at the same time is capable of carrying loads of up to 500 kg.
The manufacturer created it as a budget replacement for the 3-wheeled vehicles so popular in India, as well as mini-pickup trucks, which not all motorists can afford. For a 9-horsepower truck, engineers have specially developed a special transmission, hoping to create a new segment of light vehicles.
The Indians themselves call the frame SUV the local Gelendvagen. Although the manufacturing company itself is more focused on commercial transport, this model they were quite successful.
Despite the somewhat old-fashioned appearance, extreme SUV with an 85-horsepower Mercedes turbodiesel engine, brutal steel bumpers and a standard snorkel give it an interesting off-road look. Named after Nepalese mercenary soldiers, it is marketed in 3- and 5-door versions.
The minivan is based on the chassis of its "relative" - the Scorpio SUV, having under the hood not the most temperamental diesel engines of 95 and 120 hp. In conjunction with a 5-speed manual transmission, the car is able to develop top speed at 160 km/h.
Compact in appearance and very spacious inside, the minivan has been very popular among Indian motorists since its release in 2009. Even at a considerable cost of 10,000 euros, the manufacturer received over 4,000 pre-orders, which is explained by the very carefully designed interior convenience and design aimed at satisfying the needs of the car owner.
The manufacturer stated that this model offers much more possibilities than any sedan on the market. The height of 1895 mm provides comfort even for tall people who will have enough space even on the third row. And from not the best roads, a clearance of 186 mm saves.
This creation can hardly be called a car, it is rather a quadricycle with a mass of less than 400 kg, for which it is enough driving license category B or B1.
The Indian miracle involves the placement of 4 people, has a steel body sheathed with plastic panels, 2.5 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. The design is driven by a single-cylinder 13-horsepower engine equipped with a 5-speed transmission. The windows of the funny car are covered with a transparent film, the heater is an electric hair dryer, and the disk at the same time “works” with the brake drum.
This is not the only highlight of the original Indian model. For example, the jack is located under the front panel, spare wheel bolted to the engine shield at the passenger's feet, and the seats are leatherette chairs. In general, the whole structure rests on several dozen bolts, by unscrewing which, you can remove the roof or remove window frames.
Any major automaker sooner or later comes to the decision to develop his own electric car. But why start everything from scratch when there are enough enthusiasts who do not have financial and technical means to promote your ideas? This is how Mahindra acquired electric vehicle manufacturer REVA, with whom it launched the e2o in 2010.
The car turned out pretty, but nothing particularly outstanding, except for the size. With a length of 3 meters, it has a microscopic width of 1.5 meters. Electrical power point allows you to overcome more than a hundred kilometers on a single charge.
This midsize SUV, possessing high traffic, is the best-selling in India, although in recent years it has been produced in Georgia.
Since 2001, the car has undergone various changes, although it has only one generation. This is a classic design with a closed frame, rigidly connected front axle, solid axles. The five-door body will freely accommodate five people, and with the third row of seats unfolded - seven.
Under the hood of an SUV is a 4-cylinder 2.5-liter 76-horsepower engine from Peugeot, which is very weak for a car of this purpose.
Before us is a kind Renault version Logan, which was born as a result of a joint Indian-French venture. Unfortunately, Logan himself, unlike Russia, did not make such an enchanting success here, having more than low sales. Therefore, after the completion of the activities of the combined company, Mahindra was able to upgrade the car and sell it under its own brand.
The Indians left the B0 platform, but fundamentally changed the appearance, and at the same time developed a more youthful, sporty MahindraVeritoVibe liftback based on it.
This car can be called a champion in terms of cost - in terms of Russian prices, only about 85 thousand rubles. Well, even if it doesn’t even have a primitive radio and trunk lid, and under the hood it has a 2-cylinder engine, almost every motorist can afford it.
Surprisingly, at this cost, the expected breakthrough in the market did not occur, and instead of the planned 250,000 units per year, the company sold only 70,000.
The manufacturer intended to repeat the success of the VW Beetle, but Indian drivers were more demanding. Spartan conditions, lack of even minimum funds passive safety and zero scores on the crash test dropped the model in the eyes of potential customers.
The still young manufacturing company began by assembling ATVs, motorhomes, gliders, even helicopters and yachts for a wealthy clientele at fantastic prices.
Their automotive experience is a light roadster copied from the Lotus 7. Light weight and a 1.8-liter engine from Isuzu allows the car to accelerate to hundreds in less than 8 seconds, developing top speed at 190 km/h. Such technical characteristics, of course, are very far from the original Lotus, but by local standards, even they are impressive.
The Indian auto industry can be called the leader in anti-popularity among drivers around the world. Nothing is known about him, he is extremely unreliable, overly extravagant, cheap and intimidating. He is not impressive with technological developments, powerful engines, elegant designs.
Does he have a future? Perhaps someday. Now Indian cars are considered as unusual, almost museum exhibits, original, but impractical.
Video about Indian crossovers:
I know that it was very bold of me to come up with such a title for the article, but I really think so. I’ll make a reservation right away that “interesting” does not mean “best”. Cars in India are not the fastest, not the most advanced, not the most comfortable, in general, you can put any other word, except, perhaps, “cheap”. India actually has some of the cheapest cars. However, some of the cars that local people build in India are examples of curious automotive solutions to problems that are unique to India.
If you invest enough money in the car, then, of course, it will be very fast, and beautiful, and comfortable. Automobile companies doing this every day. However, it takes talent to build a car that can handle horrendous roads, use little fuel, carry family members plus extra cargo, and cost no more than $5,000. In fact, today such analogues of post-war legendary cars like, Citroën 2CV, Volkswagen Beetle and (previously) Ford Model T are manufactured in India.
Last week I visited the Los Angeles Auto Show and saw a huge number of elegant, fast, incredibly comfortable advanced cars and thought that I began to take too much for granted. I can't even imagine a new car without a color LCD screen and interior material that is pleasant to the touch.
The more I thought about this subject, the more crazy it seemed to me. Well, who am I to use all these delights? Boss mentor father of the Lord God himself? No, I'm an idiot who can go days without showering. I, like many others, like powerful, fast, luxury cars. But honestly, recently two cars caught my attention and interested me more than anything else. These are Tata Magic Iris and Mahindra Maxximo.
Both cars are available in van (and pickup) versions, and I've openly confessed my love for these two body styles many times. By American standards, these machines are very cheap and have problems with power. Many Americans don't even consider them machines. And the manufacturers themselves do not know how to call this “car”, often calling it a “four-wheeler”. So they are trying to oppose the car to the dangerous three-wheeled auto rickshaws that it came to replace.
I would not be so modest, because this is really a car in the full sense of the word.
Let's first talk about the car with the unusual name Tata Magic Iris. This tiny van was introduced last year. It is based on Tata Nano with engine rear installation and rear wheel drive platform. If Nano can roughly be called an analogue of the original, then this car is an analogue of the VW Type 2 microbus.
As I said, the car was created to replace the open, dangerous and uncomfortable three-wheeled auto rickshaws. That's why marketers put so much emphasis on things like " closed body”, “steel roof” and “four wheels”. Without all this, for us, a car is not a car. Yes, I forgot to mention "foot brake, gas pedal and clutch mechanism." Compared to an autorickshaw, it's just some kind of Maybach! But compared to everything else, everything is not so rosy.
The car makes great use of space. on a short chassis. The layout is almost like an old microbus, with the driver's seat right above the front wheel and the engine in the back. To make the car comfortable, but inexpensive, side windows made of tarpaulin and transparent film and closed with a zipper. In general, the design of the car is quite modern and attractive, but without pretensions.
The 661cc single cylinder and four-stroke engine give the machine an astounding 11 horsepower and 23 lb-ft of torque. It's not much, but it's enough to propel a 680kg van to 35mph or so. And it's actually not a bad speed when you need to make your way along rural roads or move through urban traffic. The car has independent suspension, fuel consumption is 2-3 liters per 100 kilometers.
This car interested me in terms of its practicality in real situations that we encounter on the road and in life. It embodies the absolute minimum that a car needs to be able to use it. It reminds me a lot of the very first Citroën2CVs - an umbrella on four wheels. If you think about it, the situation in post-war France and modern, developing India is not so different in terms of what kind of car is needed in this situation. Very cheap, durable, easy to repair, low fuel consumption, capable of being driven on bad roads. These characteristics are common to both machines.
Most people are sure that this miracle of technology will never appear on the roads of the United States. They are probably right. Probably, on such a machine you will not be able to go to the track. But let's put it this way: the Magic Iris costs about $4,024, and a new Vespa scooter costs about $5,999. Now that idea doesn't sound so crazy, does it? If you need super basic transport, then the small Tata van will be much more practical than the Vespa. And I'm sure it's no less secure. It is unlikely that I will persuade you to buy such a machine, but you can at least look inside it.
Mahindra Maxximo (I think the extra x is from the Xtreme we sent to India in the late 90s) is very similar to the Tata, but bigger and more powerful. This car can no longer be called a purely Indian project, some elements of the car can attract motorists in different countries.
This is also a mini-van with canvas windows. By the way, this element can take root in the USA on old crossovers and SUVs. Imagine canvas windows on a Subaru station wagon, I think that would look cool.
Maxximo also has a slightly different layout: the engine is in the middle, like the Toyota Previa, and the driver's seat is on the engine. Maxximo boasts a 909cc twin-cylinder diesel engine with 25 horsepower. From a technical point of view, the engine can be called quite advanced with two upper camshafts, four valves per cylinder, direct injection and a "foot-operated fuel cut-off system". , but much of this was first applied on a two-cylinder diesel engine. Plus, all of these features are pretty impressive considering the car costs less than $6,500. A CNG version is also available and an electric car is on the horizon.
Inside the car, a well-thought-out layout: three rows of seats, rear seats turned towards each other. This is a convenient and surprisingly new use of space inside the car.
I would like to test both machines. There is something pure and honest about their design. I can't describe them as beautiful or elegant or attractive, but the solution itself is so good, so adapted to the situation in India, that I can't help but admire this product.
Automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing in the world. The production of passenger cars and commercial vehicles in India is the sixth largest in the world.
Since the 90s of the last century, Indian cars have firmly entered the life of the large population of the entire Indochina. And if the inhabitants of our Far East are already closely acquainted with the results automotive industry Middle Kingdom, then India still remains for us the birthplace of elephants and malaria.
Meanwhile, in India, it is the car, not the elephant, that is the vehicle. True, Indian cars can not yet boast of any radical design, or unearthly feature set, or outstanding quality. However, the leading Indian automaker Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) does not despair and makes every effort to promote its products on the world market.
Thus, the Tata line of cars regularly appears at international shows, which, according to the assurances of the developers, should become people's cars, first in India, and then throughout the region.
The Tata line is a collection of Indica hatchbacks, Indigo sedans and Indigo SW station wagons. The technical characteristics are as follows: a 1.4-liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 85 horsepower. Same for diesel engines.
Indian cars are not limited to the concept of "passenger car". All the same Tata produces light and heavy trucks. In a word, the whole range of services, the range is wide, the target audience is not limited.
Although the world community does not share such optimistic views. This is largely due to the notorious price-quality ratio. So, after a systematic price reduction due to low demand for products in the UK, an Indian car costs around 20,000 pounds.
Indian cars cannot be called cheap for the Russian market either. Provided that the line of SUVs will be assembled in Russia, the estimated price of an average SUV will be around $16,000.
Read also:
Such a considerable Indian car price explained by original design. Unlike its neighbors, India did not follow the path of unceremonious copying of other people's ideas and decided to honestly pay for them. As a result, the five-seater hatchback Tata Mint alone became an Indian car only by country of origin, because both the French (engine designed by La Moteur Moderne) and Italians (designed by I.De.A) had a hand in its creation.
And so it is with almost every model, which is why the idea of creating a people's Indian car seems, if feasible, then not in this century.
As a result, in the global automotive industry, India, although it does not stand still, is also called common cars from india also not possible. However, the wealth of the region (as well as that of China) is doing its job: Indian automakers are more and more significantly represented in the global car market, albeit not in the form of their cars. They simply buy eminent American, European and Asian brands, thus becoming in the shadow of the glory of their wards.
Naked numbers: back in 1999, the entire automotive industry in India produced less than 1 million cars (to be exact - 818 thousand), and already in 2011 the number of cars produced reached almost 4 million (3.9, to be exact).
Indian car companies
As in the case of, or, the Indian auto industry has known both ups and downs. Like Icarus, not everyone who took off was able to land successfully, and not everyone who landed was able to continue moving.
There are not many “native” automakers in India, but due to the very, very large potential of the market, quite famous models are produced or assembled there. Eg, own production established by the Germans (BMW India, Volkswagen Group Sales India, Mercedes-Benz India), Italians (Fiat India), Americans (Ford India, GM India), Japanese (Honda India, Nissan India, Toyota Kirloskar) and many others (not all of the countries already mentioned, some European and Asian manufacturers).
So, what are the completely Indian automakers? How to recognize a car from India by the emblem?
Located in Mumbai, Maharashtra province, the Indian brand is interested in both the creation of automobiles and the marine with the aviation industry. Chingara's "famous" creations include a 2-seater sports car called the Chinkara Roadster 1.8S and a Jeepster (a copy of the classic Jeep from the 1940s). Vehicles designed by Alibag near Mumbai, India.
The Marine division specializes in the production of fiber-reinforced plastic multi-hull (catamarans and trimarans) jet skis.
The aviation division makes GFP gliders and motor gliders, Gyrocopters and ultralight aircraft.
Force Motors Ltd.(formerly Firodia Tempo Ltd. and Bajaj Tempo Ltd.) - Indian manufacturer trucks, buses and agricultural machinery. For some time the company was part of the structure of Bajaj Auto.
Buses of small and medium capacity are manufactured on the basis of the T1 truck.
Tempo Excel Commuter - depending on the version, city or intercity small buses, 6.7 meters long, with a number of seats from 18 to 32. Turbo diesel engine 4-cylinder (2.6 l.) 76 hp
Citiline School Bus is a school bus with 24 seats.
ABOUT this manufacturer we can say with absolute certainty: this is a “one-man theater”.
Hindustan Ambassador "Ambassador" – the only car manufactured by Hindustan Motors. Its production began in 1957, and continued with minor changes and improvements until 2014. The model is based on the English Morris Oxford III, produced by Morris Motors Limited from 1956 to 1959. Despite its British origins, the Ambassador is considered an all-Indian car, and is affectionately referred to as the "King of the Roads of India". IN different years dernized, acquired different consoles (Mark-I, Mark-II, Mark-III, Mark-IV, Ambassador Nova, etc.), but remained practically unchanged externally and internally.
International Automobiles and Motors LLC(ICML) is subsidiary Sonalika Group. As of 2012, he has been India's fourth largest producer in terms of sales. His current offering is the "Extreme MUV", an updated and technically improved version of his "Rhino MUV".
*MUV— Minivan Universal Vehicle
ICML is known for making MUVs well suited to meet the needs of Indians as well as global customers. "Extreme" is an SUV with a capacity of 6 to 9 seats, "Oyster" has a double cab, and "Windy" is a 1.2 ton cab single-seat commercial vehicle that was unveiled during the 11th Auto Expo in 2012 in New Delhi.
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited- Indian division of the Mahindra Group, engaged in automotive, agricultural equipment, financial services, trade, logistics, automotive components and spare parts.
The company was organized in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed, later, after the division of India, Ghulam Muhammad returned to Pakistan and became its first Minister of Finance, from that moment the company was renamed Mahindra & Mahindra in 1948.
Tata Motors Ltd. (Hindi टाटा मोटर्स, ṭāṭā moṭars, NYSE: TTM) is the largest Indian automotive company, part of the Tata Group, formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company). The company's headquarters is located in Mumbai. Today, Tata Motors is one of the largest auto giants in the world. Tata Group in India is one of the largest monopolists, which is represented in all important areas of the country's economy. Revenue for the 2005-2006 fiscal year was about $22 billion, which is equal to 2.9% of the country's GDP. The TATA Group consists of 93 active companies in 7 business sectors, such as: mechanical engineering, new materials, chemicals, energy, consumer goods and the service sector, Information Systems and telecommunications. All TATA Group companies employ approximately 220,000 people.
Hello everyone, I bring to your attention a photo report about a trip to India, which consists of 17 parts.
Arriving in India, you find yourself in a country called "TATA".
"TATA" offers any services and goods: from cars to tea. The company's turnover is 83.3 billion dollars a year.
2. There are a lot of cars in India and they are all different. The traffic is terrible, but somehow they manage with a small number of accidents. It is customary to honk for any reason, be it overtaking or turning, you can honk just like that.
3. It is customary to add additional words to the names of cars. Not just hyundai, but alcon hyundai.
4. Not just suzuki, but maruti suzuki. This brand was formed by buying up controlling shares of Suzuki Indian car company Maruti Udyog.
5. Not just a mazda, but a swaraj mazda. Same story as with maruti suzuki.
6. And this is Mahindra. The company is engaged not only in the automotive industry, but also in agricultural equipment, financial services, trade, logistics, automotive components and spare parts, like, among other things, many companies in India.
7. The next brand is called Eicher. A purely Indian manufacturer of trucks, buses and agricultural machinery. Produces on its own chassis urban, intercity and school buses different classes.
8. In India, just stunning truckers.
9. As a rule, they are all produced by TATA.
10. They are used in all areas of Indian life. In this case, the transport of cotton.
11. The embellishment of these machines knows no bounds. All this is done by hand, in special tuning workshops.
12. Companies write their names on the roofs of trucks.
13. Decorations are also all different and are symbolic. Some draw eyes and insert beautiful wooden doors instead of ugly steel ones.
14. Behind it will certainly be written "Horn, ok, please", this can be interpreted as Horn - hoot if you are going to overtake from this side, OK - you can drive from behind (not a problem), and Please - overtake to your health; in India Left side traffic. There is also a warning sign "Stop" on the mudguard, which reminds you that it is not recommended to overtake from this side, and reflectors of red and green colors also testify to this.
15. But there are also white crows. Such a truck on the road is more noticeable than a painted one.
16. There are still such trucks, unfortunately I don’t know the brand. The inscription on the windshield "LAXMI" means that the driver is a follower of the goddess of abundance, prosperity, wealth, good luck and happiness. She is the embodiment of grace, beauty and charm. It is believed that its adherents will be protected from all kinds of misfortune and poverty.
17. People go to work in close quarters.
18. Who complained about our minibuses there?
19. Special equipment also manufactured by TATA.
20. Tourist police jeep.
21. And a police van.
22. Water carrier.
23. School bus.
24. One more. Went to Cambridge.
25. Normal scheduled bus. Riding in such a bus delivers a lot of emotions, it is a piece of iron stuffed with people, in which passengers sing songs, while he (the bus) performs maneuvers known only to Indian drivers. I recommend everyone to ride during rush hour.
26. Also, along with ordinary buses, there are so-called slipbuses. This is an ordinary bus, but for long journeys. Instead of uncomfortable seats, it has comfortable double beds in two tiers. There are as many seats as in a regular bus.
27. Typical bus station.
28. India impresses with its construction equipment.
29. The counterweight hangs on the cab.
30. A very strange tap.
31. Safety devices and load limiters are not used, but there are amulets.
32. They are hung on everything that moves. Usually the amulet consists of a lemon or lime with a handful of chili.
33. But sometimes there are other constructions of vegetation.
34. However, a drawing will do.
35. Sometimes there is a sign in the form of a rainbow triangle on the sides. I don't know its meaning.
36. Technical inspection coupon.
37. As in all of Asia, tuk-tuks are common in India. They are also decorated.
38. Different shapes and spaciousness.
39. These are not always passenger, there are also cargo ones.
40. The condition of some leaves much to be desired.
41. Mopeds are also widespread.
42. Usually two people ride them.
43. There are also cargo mopeds.
44. Numbers of cars and, sometimes, motorcycles are duplicated on board. From this number it follows that they are from the state of Goa, if it is written "KA" means the state of Karnataka - by the first and last letter of the state name.
45. Marking is applied to everything adjacent to the road, trees and rocks are marked.
46. Gas stations most often without sheds, in the open.
47. Often a curb separates the road. Shields are installed on it, which prevent the driver from being blinded by the headlights of oncoming cars, as a rule, Indians drive with high beams.
48. Toll point, most of the roads in Maharashtra are tolled. Apparently, thanks to this, the roads in India are of very good quality.
49. Road sign with the logo of the toll booth.
50. A sign warning of a possible collision. Epic rumpled.
51. Indians are very fond of installing speed bumps. They are single-humped, double-humped, three-humped and even five-humped.
52. Detailed sign "Beware of children."
53. No less colorful signs of a pedestrian crossing.
54. Sometimes burnt cars can be seen on the side of the road.
55. There are also abandoned ones.
56. The car apparently remained from the British.
57. The same Maruti Udyog.
