Many famous companies produce off-road motorcycles - these include cross-bikes, as well as enduros, which are different from the first large sizes and adaptability to long trips. However, even they cannot be called full-fledged two-wheeled SUVs, since the slippery ground that falls under driving wheel, can cause slippage and bogging down. To move through the swamp, you need a four-wheel drive motorcycle that would allow you to use the traction on the front wheel to continue moving in the most difficult situations. Despite the seeming unreality of such a vehicle, it can be purchased without spending a lot of time. We will tell you about the most successful models all-wheel drive motorcycles, mass-produced.
Pioneer
Back in 1960, the American company Rokon introduced the world's first all-wheel drive motorcycle, which became a real sensation known throughout the world. The engineers involved in its development did not apply complex technical solutions- instead they used two chains to drive front wheel. A small gearbox was in - it allowed to increase the torque and change the direction of movement drive mechanism. The chain drive was simple enough, but the motorcycle required maintenance after each off-road ride - pieces of dirt stuck to the mechanism, which threatened it with serious damage.
An interesting approach was chosen by the creators of such a vehicle to solve the problem. vertical movement wheels. When the suspension was compressed, the chain would instantly disengage from the sprocket, so the shock absorbers and springs ... were simply removed as elements that interfere with the main task of the technique. But the motorcycle all-wheel drive did not become less comfortable from this - on it with low pressure, which completely took over the functions of the chassis. Their advantage is also a large width, which reduces the specific pressure on the ground - due to this, all-wheel drive vehicles can move through a swamp or marshy soil without bogging down.
Many motorcyclists will be curious to know that Rokon engineers have even found use for the cavities inside rims. They contain a reserve supply of water and fuel, which will help the driver get out of the most difficult situation, even in extreme circumstances. Rokon buys engines - the company has entered into a cooperation agreement with the Japanese manufacturer Honda and the American industrial concern Kohler. Big power and any remarkable dynamic parameters would not be a great advantage for a motorcycle capable of moving through a swamp, so a two-cylinder was chosen as the basis power unit and three-speed transmission.
Interestingly, Rokon has been using four-wheel drive on its motorcycles for over 50 years, without changing the layout of the transmission and chassis. Only relatively recently, a small batch of motorcycles adapted for private owners was released - they differed from the option described above in the presence of a lever front wheel and a drive based on two cardan shafts missed inside the fork. Modifications without front suspension are supplied to the armies of ten countries, among which are the United States and Israel.
mechanical drive
Around the beginning of the 90s, Christini all-wheel drive bicycles were born, which were produced by a small company from the United States. The owner of the enterprise, Steve Christini, came up with a system mechanical drive for the front wheel and patented it. After some time, it occurred to him to adapt such a drive for motorcycles, which he successfully did, spending about a year and a half on finalizing the mechanism.
The 2x2 motorcycle from Christini uses a long telescopic shaft to drive the front wheel, stretched between two angular gears located on the hub and in the fork. The transmission of torque to the second transmission element is carried out using a small cardan. This arrangement turned out to be more successful than the chain mechanism, since the shaft does not get dirty even when driving through severe off-road conditions. However, its disadvantage was the high cost, which limited the number of buyers.
At first, Christini produced only special sets for the conversion of Honda and KTM motorcycles - you could install them yourself, or seek professional installation services at the company's main assembly shop. However, since the mid-2000s, the production of motorcycles has begun. own development. They became interested in various US intelligence agencies - from rescuers to the army and medical centers in remote mountainous areas. Now the company produces about 1,000 motorcycles a year and still produces custom conversion kits for other brands.
The idea of an all-wheel drive motorcycle haunted and domestic producers- back in the 70s, the first off-road Ural was tested, which was deprived of the front suspension, removed for the installation of gearboxes in combination with cardan shaft. However, this design was too expensive and difficult to maintain, so it was decided to abandon it. Nevertheless, there were many enthusiasts who equipped domestic motorcycles all-wheel drive transmission- they used a similar scheme with a cardan shaft and no front suspension.
However, things did not go beyond single experiments. Due to the high cost of all-wheel drive vehicles, completely different off-road motorcycles went into the series. They were equipped with a non-removable stroller, under which passed drive shaft, rotating additional wheel. In fact, this vehicle was a tricycle with an offset front wheel - this arrangement provided cross-country ability and greater reliability in comparison with all-wheel drive models. produced by the Irbit plant "Ural" and the Kyiv "Dnepr".
Modern analogues
A significant disadvantage of all the schemes described above was that they did not allow you to choose the proportion of torque transmitted to the front wheel. As a result, such motorcycles were difficult to manage and not very economical, since transmission losses reached very large values. Suggested an alternative arrangement Yamaha, which released the WR450F 2-Trac model in the late 90s, based on a racing prototype. Her main feature there was a complete absence of mechanical drive components, which made it possible to make such a system reliable and easy to use.
Having wondered how to make a modern-style all-wheel drive motorcycle, Yamaha engineers came up with one simple solution- the front wheel should not rotate the shaft and not the chain, in a compact hydraulic motor that can be easily built into the hub. In turn, the oil came to him through the line, which is a high-strength reinforced hose that can withstand very heavy loads. The oil pressure in the motorcycle's four-wheel drive system was created by a small pump located next to the gearbox - it was driven by a separate circuit. This arrangement made it possible to automate the change in the distribution of torque between the wheels. If the rear wheel is turning at normal speed, the hydraulic motor is idle and the motorcycle remains rear wheel drive, however, at the slightest sign of slippage, the pump kicks in to deliver 15% of the torque to the front.
Went the alternative way Honda- in its prototype, a compact collector electric motor was used, which was also located in the front wheel hub. To drive such an additional unit, an increased power generator was used, which made it possible to power a 5-kilowatt unit using an electric main wire. The layout was quite successful, since even a slight slack in the wire left freedom for the vertical movement of the wheel. However, the manufacturer was forced to abandon it, since the electric motor overheated for a long time - it had to be cooled for 10 minutes every half hour. Therefore, all-wheel drive Honda motorcycle we did not see - the company focused on the production of heavy enduro and cross bikes, which became for it one of the most important areas for further work.
Is it possible to buy an all-wheel drive motorcycle?
If we are talking about the American Rokon and Christini, then they are available for purchase all over the world, but the high cost casts doubt on the feasibility of such a purchase. If we take into account tax and customs fees, then the cost of the first will be 25 thousand dollars, and its more modern counterpart - 30 thousand. A much more realistic option is to purchase the Japanese Yamaha WR450F 2-Trac, which is estimated at about 800 thousand rubles. You can buy a used motorcycle, but you have to pay close attention to technical condition its hydraulic drive. Also in Russia, you can buy a home-made all-wheel drive motorcycle, but in this case you will not receive any guarantees of quality and reliability of equipment.
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The online store "Sale techno" offers a motorcycle Ataman, Tarus, Master, Marten from the manufacturer, as well as accessories for it. You can buy all-terrain vehicles from us both at retail and wholesale, directly from the warehouse at manufacturer's prices. Sale of all-terrain motorcycles and their delivery is possible to any region of Russia by almost any transport company convenient for the buyer.
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Bestsellers of the product group "Two-wheeled all-terrain vehicles"
Two-wheeled ATVs
A two-wheeled all-terrain vehicle is a vehicle that is small in size, has two or more wheels, and has the ability to travel off-road. All-terrain motorcycles have powerful, but unpretentious engines. This is an excellent means of transportation in the absence of roads, it is easy to operate, reliable and budget.
Buying an all-terrain vehicle is now easy, the number of stores selling them is increasing every year. You can buy it at retail or wholesale, paying immediately or taking out a loan. The twenty-first century has opened up new opportunities for man. When buying an ATV, you can browse the Internet (price, photos, videos and reviews) to help you make the right choice.
off-road motorcycles of this kind have found their recognition among tourists, hunters, fishermen and people who prefer outdoor activities. After all, thanks to large and wide wheels that have developed lugs, a person can easily overcome obstacles, ignoring the bumps in the roads that will be encountered on the way.
Among this type of transport, the most recognized are Ataman, Kunitsa, ROKON all-terrain vehicles, they are simply necessary for those people who are forced to move in the absence of roads and obstacles, for example, among fallen trees, plowed fields or swamps - this habitat for two wheelers.
Domestic two-wheeled all-terrain vehicles Kunitsa and Ataman are lightweight and have small dimensions, which makes it possible to transport them on cars of small sizes. An all-terrain motorcycle of this type will help you solve your tasks and saturate your life with vivid impressions, making it more convenient.
When purchasing an ATV motorcycle, it will not be difficult to understand that there are no difficulties in overcoming sharp turns, long descents or climbs in the mountains. And if in the region where you live, even dirt road is a rarity, then a two-wheeled motorized SUV will become your permanent and indispensable assistant besides it is quite economical.
Two-wheeled and three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles Ataman and Kunitsa have recently conquered almost all types of off-road, they were tested by the elements and became simply necessary means for special services, farmers and travelers. It is also a great vehicle for active rest, because you can explore all the places that are inaccessible to a regular car.
On such an SUV, you can get to any "wild place" and even be able to transport cargo on it. Two-wheeled ATVs are equipped with powerful engines, perfectly tuned suspension and sometimes a multi-mode all-wheel drive transmission that allows you to get the most out of overcoming obstacles on hard road and off-road.
Two-wheeled ATVs, practically do not leave traces, while having good grip with road and deep lugs tires. Thanks to the powerful hydraulic disc brake, the all-terrain vehicle stops quickly, and the autonomy of your journey will be achieved, thanks to the high capacity of fuel tanks and low fuel consumption.
A two-wheeled all-terrain vehicle is also called a motor-tractor, it can be used both for work and for interesting, to some extent extreme and outdoor activities! Highly passable two-wheeled all-terrain vehicles are quickly gaining popularity in Moscow and other cities. Behind the wheel of such a vehicle, you are provided with a surge of adrenaline and a lot of positive emotions. Sitting on an all-terrain vehicle, you will be able to conquer the most difficult terrain.
As one of the leaders in the wholesale and retail, "Sale Techno" offers its customers only best goods that have passed the ISO 9001 certification, as well as the Russian certification of ROSTEST. All delivered goods are different high reliability and durability of its operation. Currently, the Sale Techno store is the official distributor of such famous brands such as Domos, Fortune, Jianling, Favorit, Vitek, Forte, LG, Atlant, Hephaestus (Brest), Ardo, Daewoo, Ariston, Indesit, Biryusa, Saratov and others... In addition, we offer to buy some goods on credit .
Unfortunately, we rarely write about Russian automotive industry due to the lack of innovation in this area. It is all the more interesting to talk about our domestic novelty - an all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle "Tarus 2X2". This is, in fact, a modular collapsible motorcycle that fits easily into the trunk of a car. And when the car gets stuck in the mud of forests, fields and off-road, it's time to get the all-terrain vehicle out of the trunk.
With 12 inch for real wide wheels With a diameter of 25 inches and a simple two-wheel drive system, this unique and "distinctive Russian agricultural bike" (as it is called in the West) can go through any off-road. Dirt and slush are not afraid of him. Unique cross-country ability allows him to move even through fallen trees.
"Tarus 2X2" is an easy and simple two-wheeled motorcycle, which assembles and disassembles completely in a couple of minutes to easily fit in the trunk of a car. by the most large parts get wheels. But they can be blown away. True, it takes more than a few minutes to inflate again. But it already depends on the power of your pump.
"Tarus" does not look glamorous at all. It's harsh, typical men's motorcycle, designed under the style of "military". And soldiers on such motorcycles would really look no worse than on tanks, just as easily overcoming swamps and puddles.
It is a pity that the engine of the ATV was not made in Russia. And yet it is a reliable, well-established ultralight Honda GX210. It offers the optimum combination of performance and weight.
By the way, about weight. Even with this 210 cc engine, it only weighs 82 kilograms. With a smaller engine, you can get it at 60kg, making it light enough to ride like a bike uphill or over any obstacle. But you don't have to roll. He will pull you out of any thicket.
Tire pressure must be kept low, not much higher than 3 psi, as the bike is built for very rough road and generally very muddy terrain. By the way, it does not have suspension at both ends, so this road will have to be felt. Irregularities in the road are smoothed out by two practically unkillable wheels.
The site, unfortunately, does not give any details on how the ATV system selects the proportion of power for the front and rear wheel. The gearbox appears to come with two speeds, which should be adequate considering top speed only 35 km/h (22 mph).
The Tarusa 2X2 has a front and rear trunk. Both are very handy for hauling things, including hauling other Tarusa ATVs in a pinch. Without load, with one driver and not fully pumped tires, gas can be given to the limit. The all-terrain vehicle will quickly pick up speed and rush you through the forest.
After a trip for mushrooms, fishing, hunting or harvesting brooms in a bathhouse for the winter, when it comes time to leave home, "Tarus" is easily disassembled near the car. According to the manufacturer’s website itself, “the quick-release design of the front fork is patented; to remove it, you need to unscrew just one bolt. Also to reduce transport dimensions you can remove and bleed air from the wheels, remove the rear rack, steering wheel and seat.
Keep in mind that "Tarus" after a trip through the forest after rain will not look the cleanest. So it’s better to think about how to take care of the cleanliness of the cabin in advance.
Now the most interesting. The cost of an all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle "Tarus" varies depending on the configuration from 110,000 rubles (without an electric starter, headlight, battery) to 132,000 rubles. IN complete package included led headlight 10 W + electric starter (surcharge 10,000 rubles), original engine Honda GX200 (surcharge 22,000 rubles) and tow bar (surcharge 2,000 rubles).
The SUV is already in production, and at least a few dozen have already been made. The company does not promise deliveries to the international market, but it can quite cope with the delivery of products in Russia. At the expense of the buyer. More details on the manufacturer's website.
In the current 2004, Yamaha is introducing a 2-wheel drive motorcycle to the market. Although this is not the first such device in history, new car will become an event. After all, it will be the first model that fully reveals the advantages of such a scheme, both in terms of off-road patency and safety. high-speed driving on asphalt.
In January 2004, another Paris-Dakar rally ended. In the motorcycle class with a volume of 450 "cubes", the Frenchman David Fretigne won on a Yamaha WR450F 2-Trac motorcycle.
The rider overtook many rivals on motorcycles with much larger displacement, winning three stages and finishing seventh in the overall motorcycle standings.
This event is notable for the fact that the aforementioned motorcycle is one of the few in the world with two-wheel drive. Plus, it will be available on the market soon!
However, before we go into more detail about Japanese novelty- a bit of history.
The earliest experiments on the creation of all-wheel drive motorcycles (we do not consider motorcycles with an "active" sidecar here) date back to 1924-1937.
Then several inventors at once converted ordinary motorcycles into all-wheel drive in a makeshift way. It didn't turn out very well.
Mechanical transmission with shafts and chains was unreliable. It was difficult to get it to work properly with the front wheel, which turned and “jumped” up and down.
One of the first all-wheel drive motorcycles: 1934, chain drive on the front wheel, the author is a Bertold Ericsson (photo from markvanderkwaak.com).
The company was in no hurry. She generally did not advertise her research for several years. Only in 1998, the Japanese showed a prototype of an exotic two-wheeled vehicle at the exhibition, continuing to experiment with the design.
In 1999-2002, all-wheel drive Yamahas performed well in rallies. And each time these were machines built on the basis of various production models firms.
And just recently followed the triumph of Fretine and the announcement that the design of the four-wheel drive for a motorcycle has been polished enough that it is ready to become a serial product.
It must be said that in the 1980s, Yamaha tried several options mechanical transmission and found that they are too heavy, complex and capricious, requiring a large alteration of the entire motorcycle structure.
Compared to them hydraulic system turned out to be relatively simple, light, compact and, so to speak, discrete, which was convenient for layout reasons.
Yamaha WR450F 2-Trac in all its glory. Pay attention to the hoses going to the front hub (photo from gizmo.com.au).
That's why new system 2-Trac uses hydraulic pump located above the gearbox and driven by a chain.
The pump is connected by flexible hoses to hydraulic motor located in the front wheel hub.
The power transmitted to the front wheel is proportional to the speed of the rear wheel: the more the rear wheel slips and loses traction, the more the hydraulic system increases traction in the front wheel. It can transfer up to 15% of the power of a motorcycle engine to it.
And vice versa - restoring traction of the rear wheel smoothly (so that skidding and yaw does not occur) reduces the power given forward.
Diagram of the front wheel hydraulic drive on the new Yamaha (illustration from gizmo.com.au).
Riders who have tried the new product claim that a motorcycle with an automatic traction redistribution system easily passes where its classic counterpart burrows - with the same tires and the same engine.
And on mud, sand or wet clay, the novelty also differs better handling. “You don’t have to fight with this motorcycle,” the athletes said.
Although the first motorcycle with this system offered for general sale is a converted production WR450F Enduro, the company intends to continue to put 2-Trac on its scooters and even powerful superbikes.
Drive unit oil pump from the gearbox and an almost imperceptible hydraulic motor on the front wheel - a highlight Yamaha motorcycle WR450F 2-Trac (photo from gizmo.com.au).
New automatics and all-wheel drive should provide increased safety sports motorcycles- this is a new direction for the application of the 2x2 scheme - Yamaha's trump card.
In particular, tests of a one-liter R1 with such a system showed its superiority over the standard version in stability and controllability on high speeds and on wet pavement.
In the rain racing track this unit brought its serial twin R1 five seconds per lap.
Interestingly, the price of the 2-Trac "set" has not yet been announced, but the firm claims that the difference compared to conventional cars won't be too big.
SUVs
Two-wheeled all-terrain vehicle(motor SUV) is, in fact, a motorcycle equipped with an unpretentious, powerful engine, automatic transmission and having wide off-road tires with aggressive tread. An all-terrain motorcycle is a compact, easy-to-operate, inexpensive, but reliable vehicle that is designed to move over rough terrain with sections of complete off-road.
Forest trails, ravines, mud, shallow snow, sand, wetlands and shallow water - all these off-road areas, due to their qualities, are easily overcome by two-wheeled ATVs, and therefore hunters, fishermen and extreme tourists usually seek to buy an ATV, who deservedly managed to evaluate this mode of transport. Tracked motorcycles can also be attributed to off-road vehicles, but their non-separable design is much more complicated and less practical.
Big wheels with wide rubber with developed lugs, or tracks provide an off-road motorcycle confident grip With various types surfaces in summer and winter seasons, allowing the tracked, two-wheeled, or three-wheeled ATV to ignore bumps in its path. SUVs include light caterpillar motorcycle A-tech and snowmobile motorcycles with skis instead of the front wheel and a caterpillar in place of the rear.
The compactness of wheeled off-road vehicles is another significant advantage of this type of motor vehicles. Small overall dimensions and relatively low weight enable an off-road motorcycle to move and effectively maneuver between trees, as well as on narrow winding paths. The collapsible lightweight design of the two-wheeled ATV allows it to be transported in medium-sized vehicles.
The most famous two-wheeled all-terrain vehicles in Russia are American off-road motorcycles Rokon, as well as famous Russian developments Ataman, Kunitsa and the already mentioned A-Tech caterpillar off-road vehicle. For example, the creators of the Ataman all-terrain vehicles went further and released the three-wheeled all-terrain vehicle Ataman Trike, which has greater stability and load capacity.
In addition to hunting, fishing and tourism, two-wheeled all-terrain vehicles can be used in household plots to perform some agricultural work. This motorcycle equipment is reliable and easy to maintain, it is popular and has long received favorable reviews from the owners. But still, she sometimes needs repairs, which, due to the simplicity of the device, can be carried out in unprepared and even in the field.
