Do-it-yourself creation of a perpetual motion machine, video. Hydraulic perpetual motion machines

What are perpetual motion machines?

Question: What are perpetual motion machines?

Answer: None. But, despite this, there is a classification of perpetual motion machines.

Perpetuum mobile (perpetuum mobile) - is divided into perpetual motion machines of the first kind and second kind. The reasons why they cannot be constructed are called the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The realization that the creation of a perpetual motion machine is impossible prompted the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1775 to refuse to consider all such projects (the reason was something like this: there are no freebies).

A perpetual motion machine of the first kind was supposed to work without extracting energy from the environment.

A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine that reduces the energy of a thermal reservoir and completely converts it into work without any changes in the environment.
http://physkaz.8m.com/children/node15.html

PERPETUAL MOBILE IN HOURS

The French Academy of Sciences, which once refused to accept perpetual motion projects for consideration, thereby slowed down technical progress, delaying the emergence of a whole class of amazing mechanisms and technologies for a long time. Only a few developments have managed to break their way through this barrier.

One of them is a watch that does not require winding, which, ironically, is produced today in France. The source of energy is fluctuations in air temperature and atmospheric pressure during the day. A special hermetic container, depending on the change in the environment, slightly "breathes". These movements are transmitted to the mainspring, winding it up. The mechanism is thought out so subtly that a change in temperature of just one degree ensures the movement of the clock for the next two days. Provided that this mechanism is in good working order, it will function exactly as long as the Sun shines and the Earth exists, that is, almost forever.
http://www.prospekt.souz.sebastopol.ua/rio-vechnyi-dvigatel.htm

The State Duma has a perpetual motion machine and a depot of "flying saucers"

What do the voters-inventors bring to the deputies

Oh, how many wonderful discoveries the archive of the State Duma is preparing for us! How many fantastic things rest on its dusty shelves. Here you can see a perpetual motion machine and a secret superweapon, a spring power plant and a "flying saucer" depot, as well as many hundreds of other crazy projects of Russian voters-inventors.

I was led to this treasury of Russian thought by a document signed by Alexander Shishlov, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Science and Education. He seemed a little strange to me. I didn't even believe my eyes. On a Duma letterhead neatly registered by the chancellery, the deputy impassively notified an unknown addressee: "Dear Alexander Ivanovich! In his letter to State Duma You present your hypotheses about the catastrophic changes that took place on Earth as a result of the fall of a giant asteroid. The issue you raised is not included in the range of issues referred by the Constitution to the jurisdiction of the State Duma.

Overwhelmed by a vague fear for the Earth and the Constitution, I flew like a giant asteroid (i.e. entered) into the above committee. There they told me: "Ha! We have such good things in bulk!" They showed chubby folders with letters from other thinkers, and asked not to worry about the asteroid. This voter A. Dubinin from the city of Rybinsk has finally solved for himself the mystery of the death of dinosaurs.

Dubinin, of course, decided to announce the discovery to the world with the help of the Duma. As a result, the Committee on Science was bombarded with letters that self-critically began with the epigraph "We sing a song to the madness of the brave" and ended with the proud signature "the academic degree and the title of" Wise ". (Meteor ita) happened during the day, - writes Dubinin, - then the Earth would have gone into interstellar space and turned into a wandering planet. If at night, the Earth would fall on the Sun and burn out. "Our planet was lucky: the blow fell in the region of the pole. True, there was an ambush here too - the planet began to sway, because of which" the south and north poles began to change places. "And they did it's three times."With such a swing, the water began to move, and everything that breathed and moved, everything that grew and bloomed, everything perished in the water abyss."

It's hard to work with them, - Mikhail Lobanov, an employee of the committee, sighs heavily, - fortunately, security does not let inventors into the Duma. We go to them ourselves. The main thing here is not to turn your back on them... There was a story in Moscow about twenty years ago, when one crazy inventor cut off the head of an innocent official. Sometimes you look at such a Kulibin and think: I wonder if he took a knife with him?

Perpetual motion machine on springs will replace Dneproges

Alas, the geniuses of the Russian land rarely indulge the Duma Science Committee with useful inventions. If the work is serious, the author is given the coordinates of the specialized institute. But most often the conversation with the inventor resembles a joke.

Somehow a person came to the committee, - says Mikhail Lobanov, - with the development of a superweapon. Presents an official paper that he was sent here by the FSB. We are, of course, terribly intrigued. We ask, where are the drawings? He wonders: why? I, he says, invented the red button. You press it - and all the enemy's nuclear weapons explode. We are curious: how to do it? The guest, akimbo, says: "I brought you an idea. And your task is to implement it."

The deputies are already accustomed to the ebullient energy and folk art. It is more difficult with the most legendary layer of creators - with numerous inventors of perpetual motion machines. For the most part, these people are quite sane, but the desire to deceive the laws of physics drives them into a frenzy. For example, a pensioner Pozdnyakov from Moscow is waging an unequal war with the whole world, defending his "energy converter" - a spring power plant that would provide more energy than the Dneproges at no cost. He sent the deputies his book "The Third Patent War" - a multi-page chronicle of the enemies of technological progress walking through the offices. It began like this: "In my thoughts, in my free hours, combinations of wheels, gears, springs were built ..." Now the pensioner's inspiration, which has visited "during free hours", has to be studied by the committee and written a thousand times that "energy converter and" is not included in the range of issues referred by the Constitution to the jurisdiction of the State Duma.

How aliens built a station on the moon

And yet, sometimes the deputies please the unfortunate inventors. For example, one of them sent an enthusiastic letter to the committee: "I received your response dated February 28, 2003. It was the first response from a government agency in thirty (!) years of my repeated appeals to them." And although further the Russian genius began to talk about aliens: “I remembered that an expedition to our solar system of our stellar neighbors built an interstellar communication station and a UFO depot on the Moon (after which, for sure, they will receive a paper from the Duma that “the UFO lunar depot is not included in the circle issues related to the Constitution..."), - for the first time in my life I was happy for the deputies. They can, when they want, please the voters.

But I still believe that the new Lomonosov will soon arrive in Moscow, - one of the committee members admitted to me. - Otherwise, why the hell would I start digging into these drawings and calculations!

And he pointed to a thick folder of inventions of Russian voters.

OPINION OF THE SPECIALIST

Alexander SHISHLOV, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Science and Education:

Inventions as such are not within our competence. The task of the Science and Education Committee is to develop legislation to help the inventor at the state level. For example, taking new law"About Patents", we were able to protect intellectual property by establishing the priority of the inventor's right to the product he created. If we do not respect and support inventors, then we will simply put an end to science and industry in Russia.

Vladimir VORSOBIN
http://www.kp.ru/daily/23052/4394/

Perpetuum mobile

Russian scientists have created a prototype of the "perpetual" engine

In the Moscow Region Research Institute of Space Systems (NII KS) they are developing a "perpetual" engine that can be used both in space and on Earth. "The institute has been working on the so-called propulsion without reactive mass ejection for several years now," Valery Menshikov, director and scientific supervisor of the NII KS, said on Wednesday.
According to him, "scientists have already created a prototype of an unconventional type of engine." "The movement of the experimental apparatus occurs due to the movement of a liquid or solid working fluid inside it along a certain trajectory, reminiscent of the shape of a tornado," Menshikov explained. "At the same time, in the resulting motion effect, we may be observing an unknown phenomenon of the interaction of the working body with fields, the nature of which is little studied, such as, for example, a gravitational field," he added. “We have already managed to fix a thrust of up to 28 g on a prototype, but it has been observed for several minutes so far,” said Yury Danshov, head of the NII KS department. "It may seem that this value of thrust is extremely small, but if such a thrust acts on a satellite weighing 100 kg for 20 minutes, it will be able to raise its orbit by more than 2 km," the scientist noted.
The life of such an engine will be at least 15 years, according to its developers, maximum number inclusions - about 300 thousand. Solar energy is used to power the engine. In order to maintain the purity of the experiment when measuring the thrust of the model, experts believe, the device must be tested in space or dropped into a deep mine, where the effect of weightlessness is created when it falls. "Official science compares research in this area with attempts to create a 'perpetuum mobile', but the largest Western firms are taking this problem very seriously and are investing heavily in development," Menshikov said. According to scientists from the Moscow region, the propulsor can be used not only to control and correct the orbits of spacecraft and orbital stations. "This ecological clean engine in the future, it may find application in air and land transport," Menshikov noted.
http://www.strana.ru/news/232242.html

Perpetual motion machine created

Today there are 20 devices operating in the world with a coefficient useful action 300-500 percent 20 perpetual motion machines provide more energy and than they consume, says Anatoly Akimov, director of the International Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. - Where do they get it from? From a vacuum. If the vacuum generates elementary particles, then for physics there is not even a question - is there energy there. There is, you just need to know how to take it.
The simplest device - Professor Potapov, on the test of which I was present at NPO Energi Ya. A vertical pipe, through which an electric pump drives water. At first the water is cold. After 40 minutes - 90 degrees, it is impossible to touch it with your hand. And there is no heater in the pipe.
Water rotates in a spiral. Of course, not everything is so simple: it is necessary to calculate the spiral itself, put a divider in a certain place, which turns water into a straight stream. Result: the electric motor consumes 1 kW of energy. The amount of energy released by water in the form of heat corresponds to 4 kW.
But these are toys. It is possible to extract energy from the vacuum and 10E81 times more than from the nucleus, which is the subject of thermonuclear physics. Moreover, if the problems of elementary particles are unsuccessfully fought the best minds mankind, building giant accelerators tens of kilometers in diameter (it costs billions), the first samples of "perpetual motion machines" are already in operation.
- Why don't you sell the patent to industrialists and start mass production?
- The simplest samples are produced. And then they turned to us, offered money. We, in turn, offered to create an enterprise with shares of 50:50 and start production. This did not suit anyone. New technologies bury almost all the most profitable forms of business. There is a fear that patents will be bought not to be used, but to be shelved.

Non-existent perpetual motion machine

Before the law of conservation of energy was discovered and, for centuries, persistent attempts were made to create a machine that would allow more work than the energy expended. She had previously received the name "perpetuum mobele".
A perpetual motion machine is an imaginary but impracticable engine that, after starting it up, does work for an indefinitely long time.
Here is how the remarkable French engineer Sadi Carnot wrote about the significance of a perpetual motion machine for humanity: “The general and philosophical concept of “perpetuum mobile” contains not only the idea of ​​motion, which after the first push continues forever, but the operation of a device or some collection of such, able to develop an unlimited amount of driving force, capable of successively bringing all the bodies of nature out of rest, if they were in it, violating the principle of inertia in them, capable, finally, of drawing from itself the necessary forces to set the entire Universe in motion, to support and continuously accelerate its movement. Such would indeed be the creation of a driving force. If this were possible, it would become useless to look for a driving force in the streams of water and air, in combustible material, we would have an endless source from which we could draw endlessly. "
Perpetual motion machines are usually designed using the following techniques or their combinations:

1. Lifting water with an Archimedean screw;
2. The rise of water with the help of capillaries;
3. Using a wheel with unbalanced weights;
4. natural magnets;
5. Electromagnetism;
6. Steam or compressed air.

The idea of ​​perpetual motion was very popular in the Middle Ages. Possession of such a secret of such an engine seemed more tempting than even the art of making gold from base metals. Many people dealt with this insoluble problem. Among them were even people with good education at that time. It is known that many of Newton's works contain perpetual motion designs. Several sketches of perpetuum mobile were also found in Leonardo da Vinci's notes.
The most common perpetual motion model based on the use of a wheel with unbalanced loads (Fig. 1). The machine consists of two wheels (pulleys) placed in the upper and lower parts of the tower filled with water. An endless rope with light boxes attached to it is thrown over the pulleys. The author of the project assured that the boxes on the right in the figure, floating up under the action of the Archimedean force, make the wheels rotate. To replace the pop-up boxes, others will enter the water, supporting the "perpetual motion".
Relatively few attempts have been made to create perpetual motion machines of the second kind. To operate a conventional heat engine, it is necessary to have a heater and a refrigerator. The task of creating a heat engine that could perform mechanical work using a heater.
It can be calculated that with the cooling of the world ocean only by one degree, it is possible to obtain energy sufficient to meet all the needs of mankind at the current level of its consumption for 14,000 years.
Engines that operate due to the difference in energy that occurs in time and space appeared a long time ago. Some of them operate on a very simple and quite clear principle. But there are also those that can be mistaken for a perpetual motion machine of the second kind: it is not at all easy to figure out why they work.
It is believed that the first such device was made by the Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel (1572 - 1634), a talented engineer and physicist. In 1598, he patented, and nine years later demonstrated to the English King James I<вечные>watches that did not require winding: their weights were lifted by constantly changing atmospheric pressure.
In the early 60s. 20th century a world sensation was produced by a toy that received the name in the USSR<вечно пьющая птичка>or<птичка Хоттабыча>(Fig. 2).
A thin glass cone with a horizontal axis in the middle is soldered into a small container. The free end of the cone almost touches its bottom. A little liquid is poured into the lower part of the toy, and the upper, empty, is glued on the outside with a thin layer of cotton wool. A decorative beak, a paw-shaped stand and a feathered tail complete the look of a funny bird. A glass of water is placed in front of the toy and tilted, forcing<попить>. And then something amazing happens: without waiting for a second invitation, the bird begins to bend over and dip its head into the glass two or three times a minute. Time after time, continuously, day and night, the bird bows until the water in the glass runs out.
The mechanism of this phenomenon is clear: the liquid in the lower container evaporates under the influence of room heat, the pressure rises and displaces the liquid into the tube. The upper part of the toy outweighs, it bends, and the steam goes into the head of the bird. The pressure equalizes, the liquid flows into the lower container. Now she outweighs and returns the bird to its original position. After some time, the process is repeated. At first glance, the second law of thermodynamics is violated here: there is no temperature difference,<птичка Хоттабыча>only takes heat from the air, i.e. works due to<монотермического источника>. But this is only at first glance.
It is not in vain that the bird dips its head into a glass. Water from wet cotton wool evaporates intensively, cooling the upper ball. There is a temperature difference between the upper and lower vessels, due to which<живёт>birdie. If evaporation stops (the cotton wool dries up or the air humidity reaches the dew point), the bird, in full agreement with the second law of thermodynamics, will stop moving, and even Hottabych will not help her.
A lot of unfounded hopes were also generated by simple household devices - air conditioners. Some of their models can not only cool the room, but also heat it, taking heat from the cold outdoor air. Studies show that for every kilowatt electrical power, connected to such a device, 2.5 kW of heat is released in the room - much more than from a simple heater. But this does not mean that the air conditioner violates the second law of thermodynamics. It just works like<тепловой насос>, like a conventional refrigerator, which also<выкачивает>heat from the freezer to the kitchen.
And although electricity<тепловой насос>uses much more efficiently than a heater, at least half of it is still lost. The power of such<псевдовечных двигателей>very low: the temperature and pressure differences at which they operate are too small. Therefore, they cannot compete with traditional sources of energy and - power plants - and will not solve the world's energy problems.
A perpetual motion machine is a romantic dream of ascetics who tried to give mankind unlimited power over nature, a coveted source of enrichment for charlatans and adventurers; hundreds, thousands of projects never realized; cunning mechanisms that, it seemed, were about to start working, but for some reason remained immobile. There is some mystery in the very idea of ​​a perpetual motion machine, something that makes people search and search for its secret.
http://tmn.fio.ru/works/72x/306/03/032.htm

Perpetuum mobile is not on a flat earth

Living forever - forever right.
Don Yuan.

In all Encyclopedias of the World it is written:

"It is impossible to create a perpetual motion machine, since this contradicts the Law of conservation and transformation of energy and."
It was enough to miss one word and the above revelation turns everything upside down.
It is impossible to create a perpetual motion machine on a flat earth. Actually my interpretation. The law on the conservation and transformation of energy is interpreted as follows:
Is there only that which moves in the world? Galaxy, solar system. Earth: everything is in perpetual motion.
The "Earth - Moon" system serves as a clear confirmation of the essence of the Perpetual motion machine. The moon not only revolves around the Earth forever, but also performs on our planet a gigantic job of moving the waters of the oceans: high tide, low tide,
Artificial satellites of the Earth, the Sun, in principle, are perpetual motion machines created by the mind and hands of man.
It is hard to believe that a person living in an ever-moving world and realizing this (!), will suddenly begin to assert that the perpetual motion machine, i.e. There is no REALLY EXISTING WORLD, and there cannot be.
But the alternative to Chernobyl for Homo sapiens has always been and is. It is only necessary to recognize that the Perpetuum Mobile exists in nature and learn how to use its energy.
http://aids7miracles.narod.ru/vech_dvig.htm

Goodbye "perpetual motion machine". Long live free energy!

One cannot but agree that the expression "perpetual motion machine" in its modern interpretation has acquired the meaning of the luminaries' mockery of ignoramuses who do not know the basics of physics and dream of an abundance of energy and out of nothing. The expression "perpetual motion machine" is a sad example of creating an effective ingrained negative label in a skillful counter-propaganda disinformation work to enforce the necessary science and technology policy and contain technical information. Therefore, attempts to rehabilitate the concept of "perpetual motion machine" give only the opposite, negative result, instead of promoting the use of advanced scientific knowledge and technologies. Stop beating your forehead against the wall, defending and justifying the "perpetual motion machine"! It's time to change the "defensive" tactics imposed on scientists. Let official science now "justify" why it has brought modern theoretical physics to the point of absurdity, unable to explain anything, not to mention the technologies that ruin Nature and threaten the existence of Mankind on Earth! .
My insight, understanding real situation affairs in science and technology has been rapid and shocking. This was preceded by acquaintance with the works of V.A. Atsyukovskiy, A. Chernetsky, R. Avramenko, V. Avramenko, A. Melnichenko and others. , create "perpetual motion machines", improve fundamental knowledge, and no one, not only in our country, but also abroad, "beats the timpani", does not "blow the fanfare". Our then ideological atmosphere did not even give rise to grains of doubt about the cause. There could be only one reason - "the blindness of bureaucrats from science", a firm faith in the "good gentleman" glimmered. Time passed, and "the gentleman still does not go" - this was already at least strange, especially since "perestroika" was in full swing. The shock came after gaining access to the world's scientific and technical information via the Internet.
It turns out that since the middle of the 19th century, along with traditional technologies and devices, there have been operating and patented most diverse (from mechanical to electrical) so-called self-supporting devices. Self-sustaining devices are devices that, after being put into operation, generate enough energy to flow technological process and maintaining the operation of the device, i.e. not requiring additional energy and (fuel) from outside (Free Energy, Zero Point Energy, etc.). Moreover, the power expended to start the device could be many times less than the power received during its operation (devices with efficiency > 1 (overunity)) , which indicated exchange processes with a thin environment (ether, physical vacuum), a medium that is always real participant in the process, not a passive spectator. And it was on these exchange processes that these inventions were based - John W. Keely has these consonant ether waves (Sympathetic Vibration), Nikola Tesla, Thomas Moray, Bruce de Palma (Bruce DePalma) is Radiant Energy.
Thus, it turns out that for more than a hundred years Mankind cannot introduce technologies based on free energy and, i.e. not requiring the extraction and transportation of fuel, using the energy of the subtle matter of the environment - ether, physical vacuum.
One of the fundamental laws of the universe is the law of freedom of choice. We all know its role and consequences in everyday life, but it plays no less, and perhaps even more important role in the development of science, when at the starting point of history, science faces a choice of which path of development to follow. Official science has made its choice - it has proclaimed that Einstein's relativistic concept of empty space is the only true and unshakable one. In 1964, the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR issued a closed decree forbidding all scientific councils and journals, scientific departments to accept, consider, discuss and publish works that criticize Einstein's theory. It was already open to forbid publishing articles on "perpetual motion machines", such a prohibition is contained in the open provisions of most physics journals and scientific councils, because The decision of the French Academy of Sciences (1775) on the ban on the consideration of any type of models of the so-called "perpetual motion machines" has not been canceled to date.
But we, armed with the principle of "take nothing for granted, only what you pass through your consciousness," let's go back to the starting point of history and analyze whether this is really so.
John Worell Keely (1827-1898), an outstanding American naturalist of the 19th century, when he was told that he was wasting his energy trying to build a "perpetual motion machine", was frankly perplexed and answered: "Look around. In nature, there is an endless (perpetual) movement everywhere "The planets are constantly rotating, life is tirelessly reborn and flourishing, molecules are constantly vibrating, exciting countless vibrations of subtle media around them. How this is done and how it is maintained is a special question, and one must turn to the Creator for explanations. But such is the actual state of affairs. And therefore, it is quite natural and legitimate to strive to master these eternal movements and put them at the service of suffering humanity. Keely's words can be heeded, because he not only defended such views, but also achieved amazing results regarding their practical application. Keely mastered such elusive movements of ethereal media and built many mechanisms that work at the expense of unknown and still hidden from our understanding of the deep energies of the universe.
Keely's laboratory was filled with numerous and completely incomprehensible constructs with strange names, such as: Librator, Sympathetic Transmitter, etc. They included musical instruments (zither, oboe, etc.), as well as tuning forks, large and small organ pipes, hollow spheres, cones and discs, to which thin needles of gold and platinum were attached here and there. Separate and, apparently, independent blocks of this unthinkable design were connected by freely hanging silk threads, and one of them (the longest one) stretched across the entire laboratory to a large (one-ton weight!), Also not very clear mechanism, with wheels, cylinders and gears. . Keely sat down at his workplace and touched the strings with a bow or fingers, extracting the first sound. The whole system, which, apparently, was a complex and finely tuned acoustic resonator, responded, began to sound, and suddenly - lo and behold! - a huge mechanism in the corner of the laboratory began to move by itself: wheels were spinning, pistons were knocking, etc. Keely awakened unknown energy and made it work!
In those days, no one doubted the existence of the ether. It was conceived as a luminiferous substance and was considered absolutely necessary simply for the very existence of light (electromagnetic) vibrations.
John Keely believed that any material formation ("molecular aggregate"), no matter how small it may be, is in a state of continuous internal vibrations and excites something similar to sound vibrations in the space surrounding it. In addition, each such formation is capable of responding to incoming vibrations from outside, and in a different way, depending on whether or not this external vibration is consonant with its own tone. If the vibrations of two bodies are consonant with each other, the bodies attract, but if there is dissonance in their sound, they avoid each other. All physical forces arise as a result of a certain agreement (or mismatch) of the wave characteristics of the vibrational fields that unite everything that exists. Vibrations play the role of everything organizing and controlling everything. Moreover, the beginning is not energetic. Vibrations do not transfer energy, but only a stimulus to absorb or release it - that is, to transform it from latent forms into explicit forms. The energy itself is present everywhere in the space surrounding us and penetrating us, moreover, in unlimited quantities. Perpetual motion occurs everywhere and always. Energy reserves in nature are limitless. We do not create this energy and do not spend it, but we can, having learned the laws, transform it into forms convenient for us. To do this, you just need to coordinate the actions of individual "molecular aggregates", and this can be achieved by achieving their consonance.
As we can see, using the example of John Keely, at the point of choosing the path of scientific and technological development, there were plenty to choose from!

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) - "Electric Prometheus", the "forgotten genius" as he was called, also used the energy of the environment with the help of electrical devices.
“Our task,” Tesla wrote, “is to develop means of obtaining energy from reserves that are eternal and inexhaustible, to develop methods that do not use the consumption and consumption of any kind of “material” carriers. Now I am absolutely sure that the implementation of this idea is not beyond the mountains. "The possibilities of developing this concept, which I am working on, lie precisely in using the pure energy of the surrounding space for the operation of engines at any point on the planet" (1897) .
Tesla also had to "fend off" the omnipotence of the "perpetual motion" label!
To understand Nikola Tesla's principles of using energy and the environment, it is necessary to go back to the historical roots of electrical science. From Franklin's time until the early 20th century, electricity was thought of as a liquid that flows through conductors and, like the steam that drives modern steam engines, can condense out of this medium. Condensers of our day were then literally understood as refrigerators for storing cooled vapor in accordance with those views.
Until the latest scientific paradigm shift, physicists believed that all matter was composed of some primordial substance. This primary substance was the ether of Maxwell and Kelvin, which filled the environment.
With regard to temperature, Tesla wrote that "in the light of present knowledge, we can liken the electric potential to temperature." The creation of an area of ​​lower temperature in a relatively higher environment means the creation of a stable lower electric potential a. Relative to the environment, the device that creates this area of ​​reduced voltage (pressure), relative to the surrounding space, can be considered as a self-cooling apparatus.
In his Century magazine article, Tesla raises the issue of thermodynamics in a section entitled: "The Possibility of a Self-Sustaining Engine ... Stationary Yet Capable of Extracting Energy from the Environment." Tesla disputes the claim that refrigeration machines cannot be powered by heat drawn from this environment with a simple thought experiment.
If two metal rods are stretched from the earth into outer space, the temperature difference between the ends of the rods will cause them to electricity that could drive an electric motor. You will get a device that cools the environment and works from the heat of this environment.
With this example, Tesla does not refute the Second Law of Thermodynamics, but shows the narrowness of its popular understanding. He does not deny the most basic condition, according to which energy flows from a warm medium to a cold one, from high state energy and to a lower state. What Tesla really shows by this is that good construction can make the device work, using changes in the movement of energy and from a higher energy state to a lower one, without creating a "perpetual motion machine". Those. rational use of natural energy gradients and. His understanding of free energy and he began with this. Nikola Tesla proposed to use the Earth's natural electrical potential gradient (US Patent N685958).
Let's consider this question in more detail. What is meant by the term perpetual motion machine? How is he criticized?
"Perpetual Motion" is a self-sustaining system (device), i.e. which does not require, after the application of a one-time effort, for its launch to maintain additional energy from the object that launches it for a long time.
It is clear that the word "eternal" immediately emotionally cuts off all systems, because we cannot guarantee (support) anything for half a year, not to mention Eternity! Those. this expression is a clear "swamp". And examples of such a class of devices and systems, a thinking person himself will name quite a few, from a simple pendulum to the rotation of the Earth and wildlife. The second part is energy costs. The calculation of energy costs is deliberately not considered, or when considered, it is replaced by the law of conservation of energy and, forgetting that this is the energy of the system (environment), and not the additional energy of the "starter", the key word here is the impossibility of "eternal".
The second technique, "perpetual motion" - the impossibility of devices with an efficiency greater than 1, they say, the conservation law is violated.
In this case, there is a balancing act on manipulating the concept of efficiency in the right direction (again, they replace the environment that "starts" the energy). Let me remind you that efficiency is a simple technical concept that characterizes the efficiency of a device (system). Efficiency is the ratio of the useful power of the device (Np) to the expended power (Nz), or in other words, useful work to work expended. The key word here is - useful, i.e. minimal participation in the processes of the "launching" object, and this is exactly what is forgotten.
Here are some of the simplest and most obvious examples for perception.
The hydraulic ram is a simple and ingenious water-lifting mechanism. Using insignificant natural potential gradients a - liquid level difference (for example, from the slope of a riverbed), a hydraulic ram raises liquid to a height of several tens of meters, without using an engine and additional energy for its work.
The operation of a hydraulic ram is based on the so-called water hammer - a sharp increase (gradient) of pressure in the pipeline, when the water flow is instantly blocked by a damper. The hydraulic ram works as follows: from the reservoir, under the influence of a natural hydraulic slope (pressure gradient), when starting, water enters the device through the pipe and flows out through the baffle valve. The flow velocity increases, its head increases and reaches a value exceeding the weight of the valve. The valve instantly blocks the flow, and the pressure in the pipeline rises sharply - a water hammer occurs. The increased pressure opens the pressure valve, through which water enters the pressure cap, compressing the air in it. The pressure in the pipeline drops, the pressure valve closes, and the baffle valve opens, and the cycle repeats again. The air compressed in the cap drives water through the pressure pipe to the upper tank to a height of up to 50 meters.
The first hydraulic ram was built in the city of Saint-Cloud near Paris by the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1796, 13 years after their famous balloon.
As we can see, the principle of operation of a hydraulic ram is simple - obtaining a potential gradient a when interacting with an obstacle, while the constant natural pressure gradient (in space) of the reservoir is transformed into a pressure gradient in time, and since the duration of the flow interaction with the obstacle is very small (water hammer ), then the resulting induced (secondary) pressure gradient in the pulse reaches very large values ​​compared to the primary triggering natural pressure gradient.
So, regulation of the interaction time of a flow with an obstacle - the creation of short dynamic impulses of interaction, providing the formation of very high pressure gradients in the impulse, makes it possible to increase the interaction force (pressure) many times over, i.e. amplify the power of the natural flow. This is exactly what was needed in the competition with energy-intensive technologies - high power devices!
Now you can return to the efficiency of such a device.
If we need to raise water from the river to the height we need, and in our natural channel, due to the natural pressure gradient, the water flow of the river simply flows out, does it do our useful work for us to raise water? No!
If we put a hydraulic ram on this stream and it can raise a part of it (Q) to a height (H), we can use this part of the water, for which we do not spend any power (Nz = 0), to use it in the required quality, to benefit. In this case, nothing supernatural happens, all conservation laws work, but we get useful work from useless (or harmful, if it is flooding).
And since the efficiency of the pump is defined as the ratio of useful power (Np) to the power expended (Nz):

Efficiency=Np/Nz=rgQH/ Nz=rgQH /0=?

Then its efficiency is much more than unity, it tends to infinity. This indicator is not very informative. And if we consider such a device as a power amplifier, then the ratio of the allowable fluid flow rates with the pressure provided by the hydraulic ram to the natural flow rate would be more informative. The gain of such a device can reach several tens of times.
With such an unbiased approach to efficiency, you yourself can easily find many more examples around us.
For example, a siphon is a device for pumping water - in order for it to do useful work, you only need to spend work on filling it with water, then it works (does useful work) by itself, without additional intervention. You will immediately remember about the level difference (pressure), but the level difference existed before the siphon was launched and will exist (if the water does not run out) and after, but it was a useless factor that was not used to good use. Only in a siphon, it allows you to raise the liquid to the desired height in order to overcome the obstacle without applying additional power, using only natural to good use.
Or for example jet pump, pendulum, wheel inertia, etc.
Let me remind you once again that if we are talking about efficiency, we should not replace it with conservation laws, as is always done, but see only the usefulness of using the system, its energy capabilities in our own interests.
Systems of this kind can, with a clear conscience, be called free-energy devices.
Wildlife uses this energy with might and main for its own benefit and it does not have a ban on "perpetual motion", and scientists from such a ban only shrug their hands in surprise why the cockchafer flies or there is a paradox with fish that develop power more than theoretically possible.
That is, free energy is the rational use of energy and the system (environment).
So, by adjusting the interaction time of the flow with the obstacle, by changing the dynamics of interaction, it is possible to provide a significant increase, an increase in the voltage gradient (and hence the power) of the process. If we increase the natural gradient of the system, then this is already a "free" energy, i.e. "eternal", as long as there is a natural voltage gradient, the engine. This principle can be implemented in devices that use any other fluid instead of water, which has natural flows (voltage gradients in the environment) - air, temperature, electrical, biofield, etc.
So starting with the use of the Earth's natural electrical potential gradient (US Patent N685958), Nikola Tesla, 100 years after the advent of the hydraulic ram, created its electrical analogue - known as the Tesla transformer (US Patent N1119732).
We know that between different points of the Earth's atmosphere, located on different height, there is a difference in electric potentials s. On average, near the earth's surface, the change in potential a with height is about 1.3 V/cm. Therefore, Nikola Tesla proposed to place one metal plate as high as possible above the ground, the second to be buried in the ground. By connecting these plates with conductors to opposite capacitor plates, the capacitor can be charged. By connecting an arrester and a primary coil to the capacitor, it is possible to adjust the arrester so that an electric discharge occurs between its electrodes and a current flows through the coil in one direction, which, after the rapid discharge of the capacitor, stops and the capacitor starts charging again. Process: charge - discharge - the current pulse is periodically repeated. If a secondary multi-turn coil is placed inside the primary coil, one end of which is connected to a grounded plate, and the other to a spherical electrode (terminal) or load, then the current pulse in the primary coil induces (induces) an amplified high-voltage electric current pulse in the secondary multi-turn coil.
Comparing the work of the Tesla transformer and the hydraulic ram, we can now see that they are completely analogous:

1. - The discharger - the breaker valve.
2. - Discharge in the arrester - water hammer.
3. - Secondary coil - pressure manifold.
4. - A constant natural low potential difference between the air electrode and earth in the primary circuit is converted into a short-term, but high electrical potential in the secondary circuit. Those. again, on the basis of the natural free potential difference s (pressure gradient), obtaining a high power impulse of force!

And so on in all spheres, you only need to look at everything more widely from the Unified positions, and not blind your eyes with the patterns and prohibitions of "perpetual motion machines" imposed on us "from above".
To replace the concept of "perpetual motion" it is necessary to introduce new visual concepts supported by real examples from practice, for example, self-organizing, self-sustaining, living systems. A vivid example of which are objects of wildlife and vortex technologies - the work of Viktor Schauberger (1885-1958). The bottom line is that the flow, if it is properly organized in the form of a dynamic structure (an example of which can be atmospheric vortices, tornadoes, Langmuir vortices in water bodies), can simultaneously act as a pump that increases the energy of the flow that generates it, given that both electricity and heat and light are flows of matter, then hydraulic models may well help us in understanding such "perpetual motion machines". A clear and irresistible example of such devices can be a simple trout, which in a mountain stream, the speed of which is tens of meters per second, can stand almost motionless! And no one noticed this paradox, but Viktor Schauberger noticed and developed a new direction in technology - vortex technologies, covering devices from power supply to flying saucers and ecology. Besides trout, such anomalous energy manifestations are known as Gray's paradox, which, having determined the energy capabilities of a dolphin and comparing them with the power necessary for its movement, came to the conclusion that the required power is seven times greater than the possible one! As well as cockchafer and similar beetles, which theoretically cannot fly. A technical example of our days is the Potapov heat generator and the like, sold here and abroad.
Why does it happen that non-volatile technologies are little known and no one needs?
And all because inventors, scientists, science as a whole are hostages of the financial, political, social interests of the haves and the hostages of money in general. A prime example here is Nikola Tesla. A brilliant scientist, on whose patents all electrical devices were actually introduced, from transformer substations of two-wire power lines to electric motors alternating current, having sold his patents for these developments, even before the completion of their implementation, he developed the basics of energy supply on the principles of not requiring devices for transmitting electricity and by wire, developed a number of methods and devices for generating electricity at any point in space using self-sustaining devices. But, alas, the flywheel of knocking money out of the funds invested in the electrification of countries has already begun to spin, the taste of power over energy-dependent peoples has borne fruit. Nikola Tesla failed to introduce his free energy devices and fuel-free generators. The possibility of free use of energy did not suit those in power, and his talent was directed to solving secret military programs. And the total brainwashing of science, its classification and misinformation began. Dissenters were intimidated or destroyed physically. As a rule, these developments were transferred to the department of the military under the pretext of the country's national security, and their civilian use became impossible or was of a purely militaristic nature.
All this made it possible to slow down the process of introducing environmentally friendly technologies that do not require the extraction and transportation of fuel for almost a hundred years, to polarize society into the poor and the rich, exacerbating social contradictions and bringing the Earth's ecology to the brink of the abyss.
And science, like a hundred years ago, is still standing at the same fork and must start all over again, taught by bitter experience.
If the expression "perpetual motion machine" is a propaganda label, then the 2nd law of thermodynamics is, figuratively speaking, a "gendarme" that reinforces the imposed official dogmatism, the "rut". Real vortex self-organizing and living systems have negative entropy, i.e. according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, they do not have the right to exist, but for some reason no one concludes that the law is wrong! Because the use of incomprehensible mathematical concepts that need to be disposed of is also a method of misinformation. After all, what does positive or negative entropy mean in physical language? Just a system that disperses or concentrates matter, but it is more difficult to impose a ban on the concentration of matter than to cancel the existence of systems with negative entropy that are incomprehensible to anyone! So they are looking for a defect in the device or explain it as a miracle of Nature. But, as Blessed Augustine rightly noted: "A miracle is not something that contradicts the laws of nature, but something that contradicts our knowledge of these laws."
In the meantime, all living things fell into the category of a "miracle" or an exception to the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Judge for yourself, according to A. Leninger: "... living organisms are open systems ... They are characterized by the so-called stationary state, which is such a state of an open system in which the rate of transfer of matter and energy from the environment to the system is precisely balanced the rate of transfer of matter and energy from the system.Therefore, the molecular logic of the living includes the position that the cell is a non-equilibrium open system, a machine for extracting free energy from the external environment and (a useful form of energy utilized by the cell), resulting in an increase in the entropy of the environment ".
Schrödinger, said that "a living organism is in a state of negative entropy - therefore, it can maintain its internal structure only by drawing energy from its environment ... The existence of life in general contradicts the second principle of thermodynamics, according to which the sum of energies in a closed the system remains unchanged... In living systems, negative entropy always occurs, the value of which is precisely a measure of the orderliness and organization of the structure... The state of entropy appears in living organisms only from the moment of their death ". Further, he noted that this contradiction is apparent, it is removed if we consider the organism in the cosmic system.
Apparently, the organism cannot be considered a closed system; it is characterized by autonomy, which provides for exchange with the external environment. The thesis about the equality of the transfer of matter and energy from the environment into the body and back is questionable. On the contrary, the body is able to accumulate energy and substances of the external environment, for example, in the form of fats and carbohydrates, constantly spend them on updating its structure, while releasing it into external environment energy in the form of heat, radiation and waste products. Finally, the organism "calculates" with the environment only after death.
It's time to listen to the words of I.Prigozhin, expressed in a lecture at his Nobel Symposium: "Classical thermodynamics, in essence, is the theory of" structure destruction "?
And take seriously the propaganda and consideration of ideas about the dynamic shaping of matter, which can raise science to a qualitatively new unifying level of knowledge and get out of the crisis.
Vladimir Berdinsky

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