Most suitable transport for use in the harsh climate of Siberia and the Far North, as well as in the sands, forests and impassability of the Far East is two-link all-terrain vehicle"Knight". Large load capacity and loading capacity of the machine is perfectly matched with high rates maneuverability and patency in road and climatic conditions increased complexity. In addition, he perfectly copes with the role of an amphibian.
The snow and swamp vehicle manufactured by OAO MK Vityaz was created according to a unique scheme, which provides for the trailer connection of two welded sealed hulls, called links.
The first link is a cabin for a crew of 4-7 people, equipped with autonomous ventilation and heating systems, as well as a compartment for the engine and transmission.
The second body-link is multifunctional - a body with an awning can be placed here, a body a platform for mounting various equipment and etc.
In addition, the manufacturer provided for the possibility of equipping the first link with a body with an awning or a platform body.
Role power unit all-terrain vehicle is assigned to a V-shaped multi-fuel turbocharged diesel engine and direct injection fuel capable of operating at temperatures environment from +40 °C to -50 °C. Starting engines is possible in two ways - using an electric starter or pneumatic start. The ability to start the engine at air temperatures down to -50 °C is provided combined system heating, by means of forced circulation of oil and liquid. As an option, the snow and swamp vehicle can be equipped with a YaMZ-840 or Cummins diesel engine.
The use of a four-speed gearbox with a hydrodynamic transformer provides a smooth change in torque, taking into account the resistance to movement. A lockable differential allows you to choose the most suitable driving mode, depending on road conditions. The brake system of the conveyor is practically trouble-free, due to the use of band brakes of a floating type with a pneumatic drive, as well as backup mechanical brakes the first link. If necessary, the manufacturer installs on the all-terrain vehicle six-speed box machine.
One of the main features of the Vityaz conveyor is the remotely controlled folding of links in two planes, which is carried out through the use of additional hydraulic cylinders. By the way, these pneumatic cylinders with forced blocking are also used as auxiliary rotary mechanisms, which significantly increases the maneuverability of the machine. Thus, the all-terrain vehicle can easily overcome ditches up to 4 meters wide and 1.5-meter walls.
Thanks to the use of four rubber-metal caterpillar contours, the specific pressure on the ground will significantly decrease and, accordingly, the cross-country ability of the snow and swamp vehicle will increase. Independent torsion bar suspension of soft track rollers provides more soft movement cars. To mitigate shocks and jerks, rubber and polyurethane are used in various elements of the chassis, which greatly increases the resource of mechanisms.
Due to their high cross-country ability and versatility, Vityaz all-terrain vehicles are very popular in various rescue operations in extreme conditions resulting from natural Disasters. In conditions snow drifts, floods, blockages, off-road transporters are used to evacuate victims and deliver rescuers, food, medicines and equipment.
Basic technical characteristics of all-terrain vehicles "Vityaz":
curb weight - 28 tons;
carrying capacity - up to 30 tons;
the maximum possible length of the transported cargo is 6 m;
the number of places for the crew - 4-7 people;
engine power - 710 l. With.;
cruising range without refueling - 500 km;
maximum speed by land - 37 km / h;
maximum speed on water - 4 km / h
Any all-terrain vehicle "Vityaz" should be considered a unique type of high-speed vehicles, which is characterized by:
- caterpillar joint;
- optimal cross-country parameters;
- the ability to maneuver in particularly difficult road and climatic conditions.
Peculiarities
In terms of design, they have significant potential for potential modification, which makes it possible to use them, among other things, as a chassis when mounting technological and specific equipment. Their active use makes it possible:
- to radically change the algorithm of work;
- make all models from this concern completely independent of any weather conditions;
- significantly reduce the cost of building facilities in a variety of, including hard-to-reach, areas.
Indicators caterpillar engine, in combination with:
- a very real ability to overcome any water obstacles afloat;
- the fastest maneuvering performance in any conditions,
make it possible to consider them truly unsurpassed snow and swamp-going devices. It is any Vityaz models that are able, without any reconnaissance operation and engineering equipment for the movement path, to overcome large areas that remain poorly accessible to other ground-based vehicles.
Optimal connection in one vehicle of parameters such as:
- increased degree of patency;
- high maneuverability;
- speed when moving;
- significant power reserve;
- the ability to lift significant loads;
- "ability" to swim;
- the ability to overcome obstacles and water obstacles with a full load;
- universality;
- a wide range of additional features
make it possible to assert that all-terrain vehicles from OJSC MK Vityaz have no competitors and analogues today. In this regard, I would like to talk about one modification, which is the most famous.
DT-10P
The presented model is designed specifically for operation in difficult climate conditions of the Far North and East, as well as Siberia. This also applies to specific soils (swamps, snow-covered virgin lands, lack of roads, rugged areas with forests). This is feasible with temperature range OS ranging from plus 40 to minus 50 degrees.
The most effective DT-10P manifests itself in:
- composition of emergency and rescue teams during search operations;
- non-standard conditions that arise during natural or environmental disasters.
You can not do without this device and in case of floods, drifts, including snow, landslides and global destruction. Because they make it possible in the shortest possible time:
evacuate victims from the disaster area;
transport rescue groups with their equipment, specialists and essential products to any area.
A characteristic structural "highlight" of this model should be considered the folding of links between each other in two planes, controlled from the operator's seat, in two planes: longitudinal and vertical. This is carried out using navigation hydraulic cylinders located on the rotary coupling device.
Which will function:
- as a device for making turns, which guarantees the optimal degree of maneuverability of this model and any other from the Vityaz concern;
- in the mode of shock-absorbers which guarantee the maximum smoothness of the course;
- as devices of a blocking type in the process of overcoming obstacles.
All this makes it possible to increase the cross-country ability of all-terrain vehicles. In particular, this applies to overcoming obstacles, for example, ditches up to four meters wide and vertical walls up to one and a half meters.
It costs like, in the literal sense, a miracle of technology from four million rubles. It's quite acceptable price for a truly impressive feature set.
DT-10 Vityaz is a two-link tracked all-terrain vehicle designed for transportation in difficult climatic conditions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East on soils with low bearing capacity (swamp, virgin snow, off-road, rugged woodland) at ambient temperatures from plus 40 to minus 50°C.
The all-terrain vehicle Vityaz belongs to the articulated caterpillar snow and swamp vehicles, combining large load capacity and cargo capacity with high cross-country ability and maneuverability in particularly difficult road and climatic conditions.
The layout of the two-link all-terrain vehicles "Vityaz" is interesting. It is made according to the trailer connection scheme of the links. All-terrain vehicles have two welded hermetic body-links. On the first link are located: a crew cabin for 4-7 people, equipped with autonomous heating and ventilation systems; engine-transmission compartment; body with awning. The second link can be made in the form of a body with an awning or a body-platform for mounting technological and other equipment. The variant execution of all-terrain vehicles provides for the installation of a cargo platform instead of bodies on both links.
All-terrain vehicles of the Vityaz family are equipped with four-stroke V-shaped multi-fuel high-speed diesel engines liquid cooling with direct fuel injection and supercharging from a centrifugal supercharger. Starting of engines is carried out by an electric starter from batteries voltage 24 V, or pneumatic start compressed air from balloons. The combined heating system, with forced thermosiphon circulation of liquid and oil, allows the engine to be started at an ambient temperature of up to -50°C. In the variant version, snow and swamp vehicles are equipped with diesel engines turbocharged YaMZ series 840 or "Cummins".
Specifications :
Curb weight, t 28
Carrying capacity, t 30
Number of seats in the cabin 5
Maximum length of transported cargo, m 6
Engine power, hp 710
Maximum speed on land, km/h 37
Maximum speed afloat, km/h 4
Average specific ground pressure, kg/cm2 0.3
Fuel reserve, km 500
Climbable obstacles (with full load):
maximum angle of ascent or descent on dry ground 30
maximum bank angle 15
Distinctive feature The design of the all-terrain vehicle is the folding of links in the longitudinal and vertical planes controlled from the driver's seat. The links are folded using two additional control hydraulic cylinders located on the rotary coupling device. Hydraulic cylinders can work as a rotary device, providing high maneuverability of the machine, in the mode of shock absorbers, providing high smoothness, and also as a blocking device when overcoming ditches. All this allows you to significantly increase the cross-country ability of all-terrain vehicles, especially when overcoming obstacles, including ditches up to 4 meters wide and vertical walls up to 1.5 meters.
All-terrain vehicles use a hydromechanical transmission with a single-stage hydrodynamic transformer, which ensures a smooth change in the transmitted torque depending on the resistance to movement. Four-speed gearbox with locking differential allows you to select optimal mode conveyor movements in any road conditions. For efficient transfer power on each link there are two planetary onboard and one bevel gear with a blocked differential. Band brakes of floating type, with pneumatic drive, as well as redundant mechanical drive brake control of the first link, provide reliable performance brake system all-terrain vehicle. The transmission units are connected to each other by cardan shafts with intermediate supports and gear couplings. In a variant version, the Vityaz conveyors are equipped with a six-speed automatic hydromechanical transmission from Allison.
The design of the rotary coupling device allows the machine links to independently rotate in the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal-vertical planes. A distinctive feature of the design is the vertical and horizontal folding hydraulic cylinders located on the rotary coupling device, controlled from the driver's seat. Horizontal folding hydraulic cylinders work as a slewing device, providing high maneuverability of the machine. Vertical folding hydraulic cylinders are: shock absorbers - provide high smoothness of motion when moving; device for forced folding of links in a vertical plane - allow you to overcome vertical walls up to 1.5 meters high. The possibility of forced blocking of vertical folding hydraulic cylinders allows you to move ditches up to 4 meters wide. Providing mutual rotation of the links in the longitudinal-vertical plane, the PSU allows the conveyor tracks to have maximum grip on the ground.
Four wide active rubber-metal caterpillar tracks with steel crossbars provide low ground pressure and high permeability. The independent high-energy torsion bar suspension of the original track rollers with sponge filler (gusmatic) creates a smooth movement of the conveyor. The use of special polyurethane coatings in the design of driving and steering wheels, rubber elements of the running gear dampen jerks and shocks, ensure smooth running when the machine is moving, increasing the life of the running gear and transmission as a whole. The design of the drive wheels prevents icing of the undercarriage units at low temperatures. The optimal spacing of the crossbars contributes to effective self-cleaning of the elements of the conveyor running gear from dirt, snow and ice. The most effective DT-10 as part of emergency rescue teams in search and rescue operations in extreme conditions that occur during natural disasters, when it is required in off-road conditions, floods, snow drifts, landslides and mass destruction to quickly evacuate people from the disaster zone, deliver rescuers with their equipment, doctors and food to the disaster zone.
Caterpillar transporter DT-10P "Vityaz"
Transport 10-ton 2-link articulated all-terrain vehicle "Vityaz" is intended for work in difficult conditions Far East, Siberia and the Far North. It is specially designed to do its job on soils with low bearing capacity. Operating temperatures - (-50) - (+40) degrees. The first all-terrain vehicles were developed in the 70s of the last century, and since 1977 they have been used in civilian areas of life. DT-10 "Vityaz" is classed as a multi-purpose high-speed articulated transporter, which combines good carrying capacity, high cross-country ability and great speed in difficult driving conditions.
The all-terrain vehicle itself is made as two articulated sealed welded hulls (links). Front body (first link):
Cabin for up to 7 crew members;
- autonomous system heating;
- autonomous ventilation system;
- MTO;
- body compartment covered with an awning;
Second building (second link):
- a body covered with an awning or a platform for mounting and fastening various equipment.
DT-10P "Vityaz" is carried out in several versions, it is possible to use cargo platforms instead of bodies. The all-terrain vehicle engine is a 4-stroke multi-fuel liquid-cooled diesel engine. To start the engine, an electric starter powered by 24V batteries and a pneumatic starter from compressed air cylinders are used. Forced thermosiphon circulation of oil and coolant with a combined heating system makes it possible to start the engine at -50 degrees. In some versions, a 840 YaMZ diesel engine or Cummins engines are installed on the DT-10P Vityaz. The conveyor uses a hydromechanical transmission and a hydrodynamic single-stage transformer. Gearbox - 4-speed with a lockable differential. Brakes - tape floating type with pneumatic drive and backup brake drive mechanical type for the first link. The swivel hitch allows the machine to overcome vertical one and a half meter obstacles, move over pits up to 4 meters wide and provides reliable grip caterpillars with soil.
The designers propose to use the DT-10 Vityaz machine for emergency, rescue and emergency work in a variety of climate and transportation conditions.
DIESEL ENGINE B-46-5 (B-46-6)
Specifications Engine
Engine power, kW (hp) 574 (780)
Rotation frequency, s-1 (rpm) 33.3 (2000)
Torque reserve,% 18 Specific fuel consumption, g/kW*h (g/hp*h)245 (180)
Specific power, kW/kg0.59 (0.80)
Cylinder diameter, mm150.0
Piston stroke, mm:
- in the cylinder with the main connecting rod - 180.0 -
in cylinder with trailer connecting rod-186.7
Working volume, l38.88
Minimum reliable start temperature, deg. C5
Permissible engine operating conditions:
- ambient air temperature, deg. С-40... +50
- relative air humidity at 20С, % up to 98
- height above sea level, mdo 3000
Weight, kg 980
Four-stroke, V-shaped, 12-cylinder multi-fuel, high-speed liquid-cooled diesel engine with direct fuel injection and supercharging from a centrifugal supercharger.
The sequence of flashes is uniform, after 60 degrees. turning the crankshaft.
Degree of balance - full dynamic balance
Lubrication system - combined, used oil MT-16P.
Cooling system - liquid, closed, with forced circulation and ejection blowing radiator.
The heating system is combined with forced and thermosiphon circulation of liquid and oil heating in the tank by the exhaust gases of the PZhD-600 heater.
A BARREL OF HONEY TO THE "VITYAZ"...
At the Transport Engineering Plant in the Bashkir city of Ishimbay, vehicles are produced, the creation of which can be safely called a revolution in all-terrain vehicle construction.
To overcome obstacles comparable to its height (and any other), the all-terrain vehicle must always maintain maximum grip with the "road". That is, ideally - how to "envelop" the barrier, "run in" it. This can be done in two ways: either, as in MLB, use a wheel-walking drive, in which wheels or caterpillar trucks are installed at the ends of the support arms - "legs", or make the frame of the all-terrain vehicle flexible. The first option is not yet suitable for heavy machines. The second one is now implemented in articulated structures, the best of which among mass-produced vehicles are domestic two-link conveyors of the Vityaz family.
Scheme of a two-link floating conveyor "Vityaz".
The numbers indicate: 1 - 4-seater crew cabin; 2- engine compartment; 3 - engine; 4 - hydro mechanical box gear; 5 - cardan shaft; 6 - final drive; 7 - rotary coupling device; 8 - track roller; 9 - fuel tank; 10 - cargo platform; 11 - awning;
It would be more correct to say that the two-link "Knights" consist of three main parts: two tracked modules and a three-stage swivel hitch. That is it, realizing the so-called kinematic (in contrast to the traditional for tracked vehicles onboard) method of rotation, and gives the articulated conveyor the properties of a reptile. Such an all-terrain vehicle is capable of not only turning, but also heeling one module relative to another, overcoming scree and blockages; lift or lower the bow and stern, climbing from the "afloat" position onto an uncomfortable shore or onto the gangway of a landing ship (the latter can ONLY floating "Knights" all over the world); finally, to force 4-meter ditches or cracks, like an extra-long 15-meter machine (they say that 8-meter crevices also passed in Antarctica).
As a result, two-link conveyors, mass-produced since 1982 at a plant built specifically for this purpose, are successfully replacing ... helicopters! "Knights" are used by border guards, geologists, oil and gas producers and members of Antarctic expeditions. Today, it is Ishimbay snowmobiles that are the basis transport infrastructure not only ours, but also South African and Indian stations in Antarctica.
"Knights" are produced in two versions (not floating with a large platform and floating), three sizes - with a carrying capacity of 10, 20 and 30 tons (respectively, the designations are DT-10, DT-20 and DT-ZO, for amphibians the letter "P" is added ""). All machines are equipped with a diesel engine with a capacity of 710 hp, all have the same transverse dimension. Based on the experience of 10 years of operation, the modification "Omnipresent" appeared - floating, with a diesel engine of increased power, with modified contours of the bow, gangways for loading wheeled In the mid-90s, NII-21 tested the DT-4P "Ice ax", carrying, according to the marking, 4 tons of cargo; it is being prepared for production at the Rubtsovsk Machine-Building Plant.
As for long-distance expeditions, residential blocks have been created for the DT-10P and DT-ZOP. In the DT-10PZh model, the second link was re-equipped, in the interior of which 5.8x2.5x2.5m in size can accommodate 6-8 people. The residential block DT-ZOPZH is designed for eight people and has dimensions of the living quarters 6.33 x 2.77 x 2.5 m. The same is true for the Yu-18PZh autonomous unit, which can be attached to a conventional DT-ZOP. The rotary coupling device provides the articulation of the 2nd and 3rd links with the same capabilities as the articulation of the 1st and 2nd, but there is no drive to the trailer tracks, they rotate freely. This modification was created directly by order of the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
An indicator of the cross-country ability of articulated vehicles can be considered ground speed. Each vehicle has a maximum speed developed under ideal conditions and characterizes the engine rather than the car as a whole, and there is an average travel speed, obtained by dividing the length of the route by the time of its passage. So, the maximum speed of the "Knights" in comparison with the "Kharkovites" increased by only 6 km/h (by 20%), but the track speed - by 2-3 times!
And here's what's interesting. As a rule, new, especially - fundamentally new car is born in heated disputes, if not fights, between developers and customers. And the tests of two-linkers took as much as 15 years. But the result is impressive: the author of these lines specifically sought negative feedback about the "Knights" - well, everything is not so great ... I did not find it.
Of course, there is no limit to perfection, and Ishimbay two-link links are not ideal. The swivel hitch, for all its brilliance, is complex and vulnerable. mechanical transmission does not allow you to increase the number of links (I remind you that already the 3rd is passive). Here, hydraulic or electrical transmission, but aggregates with acceptable specific characteristics still need to be created. Rubber-fabric caterpillars work well up to northern frosts of -50 °, but with southern colds of -70 "problems begin. The same design feature makes it difficult, to put it mildly, to create, for example, fire or combat installations on the basis of the Vityaz. But, really, Every versatility has limits!
AND A SPOON OF TAR. Unfortunately, these revolutionary machines, which fully justify all their names ("all-terrain vehicle", "Omnipresent"), are produced in small quantities. It's not about the capacity of the plant, but about the low creditworthiness of buyers. As a result, there is no incentive for further development factory. And neither the citizens of roadless Russia, nor the burghers of Munich, stuck in a snow drift, will be helped by the story that an all-terrain vehicle is moving somewhere near the South Pole, for which there are truly no barriers ... Except for one - money.
The Russian (Soviet) tracked all-terrain vehicle Vityaz began to be developed back in 1977. In 1981, the first copy was released. With small constructive improvements the model continues to roll off the assembly line of VITYAZ Engineering Company to this day.
To be as precise as possible, the Vityaz all-terrain vehicle belongs to the class of articulated tracked high-speed transport vehicles. It combines the characteristics of high load capacity and off-road patency.
Over 30 years of operation, Vityaz all-terrain vehicles have successfully proven themselves in the most difficult road and climatic conditions of Siberia, the Far East and even the Far North. The technical characteristics of the conveyor allow it to easily move through snow, swamps, wooded areas and other off-road conditions at an ambient temperature of -50 to +40 ° C.
The names of modifications indicate the type of fuel and load capacity. IN model range manufacturer, there are the following Vityaz modifications: DT-3, DT-5, DT-7, DT-8, DT-10 and DT-30, with a carrying capacity of 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 30 tons, respectively.
Any of the listed versions can be supplemented with the prefix P (for example, DT-10P), which means that the all-terrain vehicle is amphibious, that is, it can move on water.
Specifications
Body caterpillar all-terrain vehicle The Vityaz consists of two hermetic links connected to each other according to a unique trailer pattern. The know-how of the hitch consists in the use of controlled hydraulic cylinders that allow two parts of the all-terrain vehicle to turn in the vertical, horizontal and longitudinal-vertical planes.
The first link contains seats crew (from 4 to 7 people), a compartment for the engine and gearbox, as well as an awning body.
The second link is used as an additional cargo tent body or platform body, on which any technological equipment can be installed.
The all-terrain vehicle Vityaz is driven by a V-shaped diesel engine ChTZ V-46-5S with a capacity of 710 Horse power, an alternative to which are turbocharged diesel engines YaMZ 840 and Cummins.
The transmission with a 1-speed torque converter allows torque to be smoothly transmitted in proportion to the driving resistance. The 4-speed manual transmission is optionally replaced by an Allison 6-speed automatic transmission.
An additional improvement in cross-country performance is provided by tracks with steel crossbars, which reduce the pressure on the passable surface ( loose snow, swampy ground). The smooth running of the conveyor is achieved through the use of energy-intensive independent torsion bar suspension. In addition, thanks to the unique structure of the wheels and crossbars, the Vityaz suspension has protection from icing and self-cleaning from snow and dirt.
Extreme conditions call into question the capabilities of even specialized equipment, not to mention conventional ones. vehicles. However, the powerful all-terrain vehicles DT 30p Vityaz do not care about the elements. The prefix "p" means that the transport can swim. Yes, yes, these confidently overcome water barriers, rugged forest areas, snow and sand blockages and impenetrable swamps.
The main purpose of the DT 30P all-terrain vehicle is operation in difficult conditions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East. In this case, the temperature does not matter, the transport can withstand both 50-degree frost and heat up to + 40 ° С.
Unique two-link all-terrain vehicle DT 30P
This high-speed all-terrain vehicle is a representative of the class of articulated tracked vehicles and is distinguished by unique indicators of maneuverability and maneuverability in difficult road and climatic conditions. The most effective is the use of the Vityaz by emergency rescue teams when conducting search operations during snow drifts, floods, landslides and other natural disasters. With the help of an all-terrain vehicle, rescuers manage to find and evacuate victims from the scene or deliver doctors, rescuers, food and medicine to the disaster zone.
At the same time, DT 30P often come to the rescue in cases where it becomes necessary to deliver various equipment (for example, a firefighter) or special vehicles - excavators, cranes, tanks, etc. The machines are also actively used by military units. The passability of transporters is so high that they are able to overcome wide ditches (up to 4 meters) and climb slopes up to 1.5 meters high.
The design of the two-link tracked vehicles DT 30P Vityaz has several features. So, the connection links can be folded in both planes, and this process is controlled directly from the driver's seat. For folding the links, a specially designed rotary coupling device is provided, which has two additional control hydraulic cylinders. They are responsible not only for the excellent maneuverability of the equipment, but also work in a similar way to shock absorbers, making the movement smoother.
Specifications DT 30P Vityaz
Below we will consider the technical characteristics of the DT 30p Vityaz. The machine is equipped with a 12-cylinder multi-fuel engine, whose power is 780 hp. offered from various engines- manufactured by ChMZ, YaMZ or Cummins. The carrying capacity of the equipment is 30 tons, and the curb weight is 28 tons. It is noteworthy that with such a significant weight, the pressure exerted by the machine on the ground is minimal, only 0.3 kg / sq. cm.
Speaking about the speed of the all-terrain vehicle, it is worth noting that when moving on land, it is able to reach speeds of up to 47 km / h, when moving through water obstacles, the speed drops to 4 km / h. Max Angle on the descent from the slope or ascent is 30 °, the equipment can withstand a roll of up to 15 °. The cabin is designed for 5 people. The fuel supply is enough for a distance of up to 500 km.
The price of DT 30P, the video of which can be viewed below, varies between 6 - 8 million rubles, but the all-terrain vehicle is worth it. After all, this unique in its operational and technical specifications the machine copes with the most complex and seemingly impossible tasks.
