One of the problems of our country is very bad roads. And so some enthusiasts try to decide this problem on their own.
Just a huge amount highways connecting various villages and villages are so bad in their condition that it is sometimes problematic to drive through them in an ordinary car.
And when the autumn-winter period comes, moving along them is almost impossible. Of course, you can get out of the situation and order an all-terrain vehicle from abroad, but this is very expensive and therefore you have to make do with what is available.
Homemade caterpillar all-terrain vehicle
This rover high cross, for him, off-road is not an obstacle, as well as any water obstacles. The body is made in the form of a box-shaped structure. Caterpillars are the mover.
Traction capacity - pulls a trailer weighing about 900kg.The hood is shaped to move through algae, driftwood and moss. Traffic fumes are retracted upward. Homemade crawler all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a winch located in front. The body bottom is sufficiently sealed, plus pneumatic rollers are located on the sides, which have a positive effect on the buoyancy of the all-terrain vehicle.
Driving an all-terrain vehicle on a caterpillar track
The control of the all-terrain vehicle is the same as on the tractor, it is carried out by levers. Differentials located on the sides were implemented from the VAZ disc brakes.
In the cab, in the middle of the floor, there is a pneumatic lever - a caterpillar tensioner. The ideal option would be to use a mechanical tensioner, as it is more unpretentious to repair, but the author of this all-terrain vehicle decided otherwise and installed a pneumatic tensioner.
Chassis
The designer created an excellent chassis. You should pay attention to the tracks: they are cast, made independently. The tracks on the outside have lugs made of metal pipes welded to the metal sheet. This played a positive role in terms of patency and traction.
This technology is not used in foreign all-terrain vehicles due to the complexity of execution and increased financial costs. The rollers are made of wheels from a motorized carriage, the rollers are protected by a rubber reflector. Also above the caterpillar mover, there is a “damper” made in the form of a rubberized half-pipe.
Crawler all-terrain vehicle engine
A VAZ engine with a gearbox was used as a power unit. The connection of the rear axle gearbox is carried out by means of a coupling made of rubber. The gearbox is connected to the side differentials by shafts.
As mentioned above, the differentials are made from VAZ disc brakes with conventional calipers.
The resource of the gearbox does not decrease at all due to the low speed of the all-terrain vehicle. The main advantage of this all-terrain vehicle model is its light weight. When the all-terrain vehicle moves through a swampy area or across a lake, the body sinks 30-40 cm.
Video homemade caterpillar all-terrain vehicle in action.
Tools
When implementing this project of a home-made all-terrain vehicle, the following tools were used: a welding machine, a grinder, various keys. Clamps, a machine for giving one form or another to sheet metal, this is especially true in the manufacture of the cab and the bottom of the all-terrain vehicle. Various bolted connections. Glass cutter for the manufacture of windshields and side windows. Drill for drilling holes.
Ever since the phrase about the state of Russian roads, the problem has not become less urgent. As before, in some godforsaken corners of the country, people generally forgot to dream about asphalt pavement. The only way out is to transfer to all-terrain vehicles. Alas, the models offered by car factories are not able to satisfy the needs of motorists from the outback. Ordinary people need a small, economical, and, of course, cheap vehicle off-road. Only in a home workshop from improvised materials can such a dream come true.
Materials and components for an all-terrain vehicle on tracks
It would be fair to warn in advance that power units removed from vehicles are the cause increased consumption fuel. But compared to motorcycle engines, they have a tangible power reserve. The manufacture of caterpillars also entails additional costs.
The body of a homemade all-terrain vehicle is best constructed from aluminum or duralumin sheet. It will be necessary to purchase triplex glass, liquid rubber (you can replace silicone grease). The main material for the tracks will be a sheet (or strip) of rubber. One pair of bridges borrowed from Soviet cars- "Zaporozhets" or "Zhiguli".
Can be distinguished important points, which should be taken into account in the process of creating an all-terrain vehicle on tracks.
TO homemade body requirements such as strength, tightness and streamlining with oncoming air flow while driving are made. As far as geometry is concerned, best solution there will be a body resembling a flat-bottomed boat.
In view of the fact that you have to travel around (more precisely, “caterpillar”) wetlands or even overcome shallow water bodies, the body should contain a minimum of seams. In other words, instead of welding, a single sheet must be bent, giving the desired shape. The metal sheet is used to manufacture not only the cabin, but also all compartments, including the one intended for the engine. To exclude the harmful effect of water, moisture-proof material (for example, rubber) reliably covers the joints and fastenings of the nodes. Particular attention should be paid to maximum protection battery and electrical wiring from moisture. It is better if special mines are allocated for them.
The rigidity of the design of the cross-country vehicle should be provided by a frame made of steel pipes. Bridges and the engine will be installed and fixed on a frame made of copper pipes.
In the body, make holes designed to bring out the bridges. The joints of the axle shafts and the body (in the holes) should be thoroughly sealed with rubber sleeves.
The highlight of this all-terrain vehicle is the presence of a caterpillar, without which it is difficult to imagine movement on any off-road and even swimming. The treadmill is cut out of sheet rubber and looped. When calculating the dimensions of the caterpillar, the distance between the shafts that are leading is measured. An important element, providing the ability to easily overcome any dirt, are lugs attached to the outside of the track with rivets. And if they are made in the form of small blades, then the lugs will play the role of blades when the caterpillar is immersed in water. Such an idea is not difficult to implement, having a thick aluminum sheet at hand. Next, you need to measure the width of the wheels. This value will be needed when calculating the distance between adjacent elements of the limiters, which are attached with inside caterpillars. The center of each wheel as here http://modelist-konstruktor.com/ must exactly match the center line of the track and thus the wheel will be located between the stops.
The tensioned state of the tracks can be ensured in the following way: fill the space between the bridge wheels with the driven wheels.
The final stage - cabin equipment laminated glass(triplex or duplex) with rubber mounts. ATVs - homemade tracks, the drawings of which are in this article, are popular with creative people.
Homemade ATVs on tracks: schemes for their construction and the main layout - from the Oka, Zhiguli, Volga, a motorcycle and improvised means. Correct drawings and do-it-yourself construction features, so that the car turns out to be maneuverable and passable, and manufacturing takes a minimum of time. In order to assemble a full-fledged floating tracked all-terrain vehicle in your garage, you need not so much - parts old car, corners and pipes for the frame, a welding machine, locksmith tools and enthusiasm.
If you want to assemble an all-terrain vehicle based on the UAZ, Volga, Gazelle, VAZ, Moskvich and other cars, then it is not recommended to use the body from them, and even from the Oka it is heavy. The body is convenient in terms of comfort, but the car's cross-country ability is deteriorating, fuel consumption is increasing, and it will be very difficult to make it floating. Therefore, it is advisable to cook the body yourself from light sheet metal, and make a safety cage around it so that if you crash into a tree or roll over, you don’t break your neck.
How to make a rotary mechanism and calculate the patency?
In fact, all homemade all-terrain vehicles on tracks have the simplest device. stands behind rear axle with differential from rear wheel drive car- usually from Zhiguli. The drive rollers are driven through this rear axle from the engine through the gearbox. Turns are carried out using separate braking. That is, you need to draw two separate contours on the right and left.
How to make management - here everyone decides for himself. Can be from two brake cylinders and handles to build a semblance of control like on a tractor or tank. You can come up with pedals, and transfer the clutch and gas to your hands. The vacuum for the brake booster is taken from the engine, or a compressor is hung on a separate pulley.
The most simple circuit the construction of a caterpillar all-terrain vehicle is to take a Zhiguli, lift it onto the frame, hang additional rollers and tracks on it, and make separate braking. And everything will run.
Calculations of the specific pressure on snow are quite simple. For a skier, it is 200 grams per cm2. Very good swamps have about 60 grams. That is, you need to take total mass all-terrain vehicle and caterpillar area, from this and dance. .
The scheme of a floating all-terrain vehicle should imply the presence of an air tank on the frame, or sealed sides. But here you still need to think about stability, for this the engine and heavy units are placed in the center of the all-terrain vehicle.
Drawings and diagrams
It makes no sense to build such a machine according to the drawings. Just because everyone has different requests, everyone has their own details and set of source material. Someone has old Zhiguli gathering dust in the garage, and someone will sculpt an all-terrain vehicle from an old Ural motorcycle. Homemade is what it is and homemade, which is designed from scratch and built from improvised means.
But there are a few important details to consider. First, the frame and frame must be strong.
Rigidity car body there is even a lot in the forest, its mass is superfluous, but no one canceled collisions with trees and coups.
Secondly, many homemade all-terrain vehicles on tracks sin with a high center of gravity. The same Zhiguli on caterpillars are frankly dangerous, since any slope or ditch can cause a rollover.
Thirdly, if it is planned to go ice fishing on a home-made all-terrain vehicle, then emergency escape routes should be provided for the car. And this is once again about the fact that a body from an Oka or a passenger car can be dangerous for such purposes. You fell into a hole and you can't get out. In the same GTT, the doors open a little upward, there is an exit hatch on top - all this was not done in vain.
Safety is paramount. In addition, it is worth remembering the fire hazard, do not remove the silencer, be sure to carry a fire extinguisher with you, and so on.
How to make a homemade all-terrain vehicle on tracks extremely cheaply, safely and efficiently? You just need to have a tool and a place to build, and the cost of parts and metal, given the availability of used Zhiguli or OK, can not even be taken into account.
The theme of off-road transport has always been a success with homemade people. Homemade all-terrain vehicles appear in all corners of our country, and it is very difficult to find two identical cars(probably not possible). I would like to bring to your attention small review all-terrain vehicles built by DIY craftsmen, and analyze the main points of the design of such samples.
There are two most popular all-terrain vehicle schemes: pneumatic vehicles low pressure And tracked all-terrain vehicles. Let's briefly dwell on each of them.
Pneumatic ducts
This category of homemade all-terrain vehicles appeared in the 60s of the last century with the manufacture of the first homemade products of a rather original design. These were devices with a tricycle layout, but instead of front wheel skis were installed on them. This scheme has been preserved to this day, although now it is used much less frequently.
Homemade all-terrain vehicle from a motorcycle
Nowadays, schemes with the number of wheels from three to six are popular (3x2, 4x4, 6x6 schemes).
Tracked vehicles
The all-terrain vehicle scheme on tracks has many adherents among DIYers. All-terrain vehicles built according to this principle are structurally more complicated than wheeled vehicles, respectively, the cost of their manufacture is higher, but in operation they are somewhat superior to pneumatics.
Homemade caterpillar all-terrain vehicle
In general, of course, it is illogical to compare these two classes of all-terrain vehicles, because in each specific situation one or another scheme will have superiority (in my opinion).
Where do do-it-yourself all-terrain vehicles begin?
Before undertaking the creation of an all-terrain vehicle, an amateur designer must find out for himself the purpose future car. At this stage, the estimated number of seats, the mass of the payload, the time of year and operating conditions are specified.
After the answers to the above questions are received, you can decide on the concept of the future self-propelled vehicle. Only having understood the general idea for yourself, you should move on to the issue of choosing the elements of an all-terrain vehicle.
At this stage, the type and model of the engine, the composition of the transmission, the design and type of frame, cab equipment and other elements are determined. Most Attention must be given to the choice of formula running system, if this caterpillar mover- then which one, if the wheels - how many, how many of them are driving and how many steered wheels.
After the analysis of desires and possibilities is done final choice in favor of one or another all-terrain vehicle scheme. This is how homemade all-terrain vehicles are designed, and drawings are a mandatory step in this activity.
Engines for homemade all-terrain vehicles
Often, the lack of sufficient funds imposes restrictions when choosing an engine, so the whole choice comes down to the formula “what is at hand”. And at hand, as a rule, are two - and four-stroke motorcycle engines, less often there are old automobile power plants.
If the situation with free money allows you to choose an engine without thinking about its price, then you can recommend the following options:
- For all-terrain vehicles on pneumatics, it is preferable to use motorcycle engines, while trying to choose the most suitable motor in terms of power and operating conditions. It will be very good if the motor has a system forced cooling(air or water), since there are no conditions for normal natural cooling on the all-terrain vehicle.
- Four-stroke engines have a number of advantages over two-stroke counterparts, so it is recommended to pay attention to them. An example is boxer engines from Irbit heavy motorcycles.
- Car motors are well suited for installation on homemade all-terrain vehicles on tracks. Such motors provide sufficient torque, are reliable in operation and have an acceptable price / performance ratio. The choice of engine type, diesel or carburetor, is up to the designer. Both schemes have their pros and cons. For example, diesel is more economical than Gas engine, but not the fact that in the conditions severe frosts it will be easy to ensure its stable start-up and operation without the use of additional equipment (preheater). (Although this also applies to gasoline engines, but to a lesser extent)
Propulsion for all-terrain vehicles
Wheels for all-terrain vehicles on pneumatics are made by craftsmen according to four basic principles:
- 2 sheet metal disks with jumpers between them are attached to the sleeve, then the camera is put on and fixed with pieces of the conveyor belt. Additionally, a protector from another chamber can be put on top of the chamber.
- One disk is fixed on the bushing, jumpers are attached to it, and side rings are welded or riveted to the jumpers.
- The scheme is similar to the previous one, but the role central disc perform knitting needles from sheet metal or pipe.
- Two discs are mounted on the hub, similar to the wheel discs from a scooter (split wheel).
Homemade caterpillar all-terrain vehicles can use caterpillars from industrial models of snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles (for example, the Buran snowmobile), or move on homemade caterpillars.
Homemade caterpillars
The vast majority homemade caterpillar is a segment of the conveyor belt, on which lugs are fixed and holes for the teeth of the drive sprocket are cut out. There are also more advanced caterpillar designs, for example, with tracks cast in a home workshop. But this is a very laborious task.
In conclusion, I would like to dwell on one very interesting specimen for those who do not need a full-size all-terrain vehicle, but need to move off-road. For example, get to passenger car to the hunting lodge, take this miracle out of the trunk and go hunting. Probably worth a closer look at this crumb and take note of the original technical solutions embedded in it. How do you think?
The article was compiled based on the materials of the site - link to source
The construction of this rover started with a simple forum post. In general, I wrote that I need a caterpillar all-terrain vehicle to move through the swamp, the main thing is to be simple and reliable, speed is not required, I would drive. He also wrote that he was ready to order a similar device if one of the inhabitants of the forum takes up construction. Forum users of course helped, threw ideas and even more provoked me on the topic of the all-terrain vehicle. In general, I began to look for information, watch other homemade products. As a result, I started doing it myself and started with the simplest and cheapest thing I found, but I found this photo of a walk-behind tractor with a cart.
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It took a lot of time to repeat the design, as much as two whole days to put the wheels in tracks and the all-terrain vehicle was ready. At first, I didn’t want to start it all at all, because I thought that I wouldn’t pull it off and that it was all difficult, but still I was tempted by the simplicity of such an all-terrain vehicle. As a result, two days of work and skated the whole season.
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Of course, this unit can hardly be called an all-terrain vehicle, since the drive is only front-wheel drive, and it’s not very good in the swamps, and it’s also problematic to go uphill. In general, this is not it, so a cart with a motor to bring potatoes from the field, and off-road is not for him.
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I wanted something passable and, in general, I decided to take up the construction of an all-terrain vehicle from scratch, also according to a design peeped from the Internet, I also liked the simplicity and the way it drives. Here is a sample for repetition.
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First of all, I got cameras, not big ones, but I didn’t want big ones at first. I took two cameras so that the small one went inside the large one, this is for greater buoyancy, I wanted it to also swim.
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A month later, already in November, I made discs for cameras. Since I am not a welder myself and do not have my own welding, I had to turn to a welder. Together they mastered four disks.
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After some time, I began to figure out what was happening, not just it turned out, although it seems simple at first glance. I decided not to hurry, and it became cold in December, so I postponed the idea until spring.
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At the beginning of spring, he set to work again, collected front-wheel drive, this is his first node placement option.
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Then I decided to rework and connect on the axle shafts with the central shaft where the big drive sprocket is.
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I estimate the position of the steering wheel.
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It sucks when there is no welding and you have to ask a welder, and even spend money on it, in general, I decided to become a welder myself. I bought a welding machine, a mask and other things necessary for welding and began to learn right away in practice. As a result, I left, while the truth is not on temporary Zhiguli wheels, but still under its own power.
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Already in June I put a karakat on chamber wheels.
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The first trips and tests revealed that the dual cameras performed poorly. Large cameras slide off small ones, small ones become oblique due to turns because there is no differential. But I didn’t want to remake the disks for single cameras, so I put the karakat in “encouraging”, although it was not fast, but it worked out.
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After that, the all-terrain vehicle began to actively run in, changes and design adjustments were made along the way. To date, the all-terrain vehicle has been debugged and is ready to overcome swamps, mud and other things, even floats. Below in the photo water procedures accept. In the photo I rent back to move out into the reservoir, it seems easier to move out steep slope in water.
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Here we swim
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A few words for those who want to build something similar on their own. First, get ready for big expenses, which will be much more than you expect. Secondly, it takes a lot of time to build, it’s not so easy without drawings, without a plan, and without experience. You have to figure it out 20 times, weld it, then cut it off and redo it. It’s easier to buy something ready-made than to do it yourself without knowing how, you don’t know what. But if there is a great desire, patience, then even crooked hands, if you straighten them for a long time, then something worthwhile will turn out.
