Autonomous heater in the car. Car heating system

Let's agree right away: in this article we will only talk about autonomous heaters, that is, those that are able to work when the car engine is turned off. Recall that regular heaters, as a rule, receive heat from the liquid circulating in the engine cooling system, and therefore cannot heat the air in the cabin if the engine is not running and the liquid in the cooling system is not warmed up.

Those who know how important an auxiliary heater is are preparing their truck or road construction machine for winter long before the cold weather sets in. Summer is the most favorable time both for installing a heater (new or replacing an exhausted one), and for its prevention or repair, because during this period the choice of heaters and spare parts for them is maximum, and there are no queues. But with the onset of cold weather (and this always happens unexpectedly), everything changes exactly the opposite: queues grow, the assortment in stores is reduced. Nevertheless, even now it is not too late to talk about autonomous heaters.

All autonomous heaters intended for commercial vehicles and special equipment can be divided into two main groups: liquid and air. Their difference lies in the fact that an air heater (the so-called "dry hair dryer") heats only the air in the cabin, while a liquid heater heats the liquid in the engine cooling system, and only after the temperature in the cooling system reaches +40 ° C, it gives a command to the standard heater fan, which starts to blow warm air into the cab. That is, a liquid heater needs to preheat the engine to heat the cab.

The advantages and disadvantages of heaters of each of these two types are obvious: liquid, which is also a pre-start heater, allows you to warm up both the engine, which makes it easier to start in any frost, and the cabin. However, this type of heater consumes more fuel and electricity. To heat the cabin of an ordinary long-haul truck, an air heater needs 2 kW of energy, and a liquid heater needs 7 ... 10 kW.

The world leaders in the production of autonomous heaters are Webasto and Eberspächer. These German companies are the undisputed leaders in the market, which means that any European-made truck is fitted with a heater from one of these manufacturers without any exceptions. Accordingly, any European manufacturer of heavy equipment has two heater suppliers - Webasto and Eberspächer. Usually these units are installed in a ratio of 50 to 50 for all trucks, which means that it is impossible in principle to say which heater will be on a new truck or excavator of any make and model. Each dealer will say that the truck has a 2 kW heater without specifying its manufacturer, because the products of both these manufacturers are absolutely equivalent. And although each of them has its own characteristics, it is impossible to say that one of these two brands is better.

If we talk about air heaters, then Eberspächer has a slightly more successful design of the fuel spray unit - there is a simple mesh, which is an evaporator. At Webasto, the evaporator is a rather complicated unit, the repair of which is more expensive. In general, they are about the same in terms of reliability.

In addition, Czech air heaters Ateso, Russian dry heaters Planar, liquid heaters Teplostar by Advers, and Japanese Mikuni are also present on the world market. Ateso heaters are used mainly in the secondary market of European countries and the CIS countries, Russian heaters - only in the post-Soviet space, and Mikuni - mainly in Japan.

In general, in the world, including in the USA, Webasto and Eberspächer are the most common. In our market, the Webasto brand is more popular, and many ordinary people even call any autonomous heater by the name "webasto", whether it is on a truck or a car, just like the word "copier" has become a household name. However, Webasto is a more well-known brand not only here, but also in Europe and all over the world, although Eberspächer is no less serious and no less strong company, and both manufacturers are on the same level both in terms of sales volumes and in terms of the price of heaters, their reliability and fuel consumption.

The air heater (“dry hair dryer”) functions in the same way as a conventional hair dryer, only the heater in it is not electric, but a torch, running on diesel from the main or additional fuel tank. Diesel fuel burns inside a special closed chamber, blown from the outside by a fan that supplies heated air to the cabin. Eberspächer models of this type are called Airtronic D2 and D4 and have a heating output of 2 or 4 kW respectively. Webasto has similar models with heat output 2; 3.5 and 5 kW are called Airtop 2000, Airtop 3500 and Airtop 5000.

The fuel consumption of a 2 kW heater in maximum power mode is 0.25 l/h. In the maximum power mode, these heaters operate only at the moment they are turned on, to quickly warm up the cabin, and then the heater automatically switches to a lower power, consuming less fuel, respectively. Therefore, as practice shows, the average fuel consumption of such heaters does not exceed 0.15 l / h. Liquid heaters have significantly higher fuel consumption. So, for a 4-kilowatt unit in maximum power mode, it is 0.6 l / h.

European manufacturers provide a two-year warranty for their heaters, but in Europe, diesel fuel is of much better quality than ours. And the cleanliness in the cabin quite strongly affects the performance of the heater, because during operation it, like a vacuum cleaner, draws air into itself, and with it dust and dirt. And when the blower fan jams, the heater instantly fails, because if its combustion chamber is deprived of airflow, it instantly overheats and deforms from this.

The heater kit does not include a fuel tank, since the manufacturer provides for its connection to the main fuel tank. In Russian conditions, it is more correct to use an autonomous tank, it is usually installed on the back wall of the tractor or on the front wall of the van. The fact is that none of the imported heaters “loves” our winter diesel fuel. It differs from the European one mainly in the presence of additives that are used to make winter diesel from summer diesel fuel.

Diesel engines equally successfully "eat" both European diesel fuel and Russian, since combustion there occurs at high temperatures and pressures, while in heaters "our" additives do not completely burn out and accumulate in the combustion chamber in the form of a liquid mass resembling tar, causing the unit to fail. And this equally applies to both dry and liquid heaters.

That is why it is recommended to install a separate 10-liter tank on the truck and fill it with "summer" diesel fuel, and so that it does not freeze, kerosene is added to it. In principle, gasoline can also be added instead of kerosene, but only A-76, since all other brands of gasoline also contain additives that do not completely burn out in the heater.

If you use normal diesel fuel, there are no problems with heaters. Those who have installed a separate tank and fill it with "summer" diesel fuel with kerosene may not appear at the service for years. But if you fill an autonomous tank with diesel fuel from the same pistol as in the main tank, bad diesel fuel quickly does its job - it happens that a week after installing the heater, the car arrives on a complaint with a complaint about its failure. After disassembly, half a liter of an incomprehensible “tar-like” liquid flows out of the heater, and in this case it is necessary to change at least the mesh, but often the glow plug fails, which ignites the fuel in the combustion chamber.

The resource of a modern heater is quite large. For example, for his compressor it is 5000 hours. Complaints that the combustion chambers burn out in “dry hair dryers” can only apply to Eberspächer heaters of the very first models - D1L and D3L, the “youngest” of which is now over 20 years old. This is solely due to age and is the result of natural wear and tear.

If the heater is handled correctly, filled with the recommended fuel, and the cab kept clean, all that is required is a preventive cleaning, which is best done annually, and with good diesel fuel, once every two years. In this case, the heater is dismantled, disassembled, the combustion chamber is cleaned and the evaporator mesh is replaced. Such work costs about 110-150 dollars.

Preventive cleaning is required for the simple reason that carbon deposits are deposited on the walls of the combustion chamber, which reduces the size of the combustion chamber, impairs thermal conductivity and heat transfer, and this reduces the efficiency of the heater, its resource and increases fuel consumption.

The optimal time for preventive cleaning is the beginning of August, because with the onset of frost, when most drivers and car owners remember about heaters, queues invariably form at the service.

It should be emphasized that it is desirable to run autonomous heaters for prevention in the warm season, at least once every two weeks for 15 ... 20 minutes. No technique likes long downtime, and the heater must work to warm up and disperse the lubricant through the bearings: then it will last longer.

Modern autonomous heaters are quite reliable and do not accidentally fail. All of them are equipped with a control unit that monitors the work and has many degrees of protection, which is primarily due to the use of an open flame in the combustion chamber on a car. If any malfunctions occur, the control unit issues an error code by which you can easily determine what needs to be replaced: a compressor, a candle, a flame sensor, an overheat sensor, or something else. All of the above applies equally to both air and liquid heaters.

It would seem that all cars are now equipped with autonomous heaters, however, the demand for the installation of these devices is now quite large. First of all, this applies to old trucks whose heaters have run out of service (the same D1L and D3L) and the cost of their repair will be close to installing a new heater. Machines made for warm regions also need a heater. The same applies to cars manufactured in the CIS countries, where, until recently, additional heaters were considered a luxury item.

In the past few years, any European-made truck equipped with a berth must be equipped with an autonomous heater. Previously, there was no such strict requirement, and any buyer could refuse an autonomous heater, thereby reducing the cost of the car. Now such machines are "consumers" of new heaters. It happens that the car is not equipped with a berth, but often it is in standby mode for loading and unloading, and then, in order to heat the cab, you have to start the engine. In order to avoid excessive fuel consumption in such cases, it is also desirable to equip the truck with an autonomous heater.

It is difficult to say unequivocally which heater is better - air or liquid. In Russian conditions, it is still preferable for a truck and a special vehicle to install a “dry hair dryer”, which is currently equipped at the plant with most of the equipment.

Currently, many owners of cars and construction machines equipped with liquid heaters at the factory are applying for additional installation of air heaters, because the liquid unit consumes not only more fuel, but also more electricity. If the batteries are weak and the frost is severe, such a heater, having worked all night, will use up almost the entire battery charge, it will not be enough to start even a warm engine. Among other things, the repair of liquid heaters is more expensive than air heaters.

Ideal if the truck has both liquid and air heaters, but it will also be expensive. And yet, on cars operating in Russia and flying to Scandinavian countries, this is indispensable, because frosts of minus 40 are not uncommon there, when it is problematic not only to start an unheated diesel engine, but also to warm it up to operating temperature while driving.

When operating a truck or, for example, a bulldozer, mainly in central Russia, you can, of course, get by with an air heater, although it is clear that there is nothing better than a liquid heater for engine preheating.

As for the cost of air heaters, a 2 kW Eberspächer Airtronic D2 with an independent tank will cost 1180 euros, including installation costs. Installation of a similar heater Webasto Airtop 2000 will cost 970 euros, 1.9 kW Ateso Breeze will cost 875…920 euros, 3.8 kW Ateso Wind 4W - 1035…1075 euros and 1150…1200 euros - 8.2 kW Ateso X7. And for 26 thousand rubles. you can install a 4-kilowatt "Planar" 4D.

The price of a liquid heater can vary greatly depending on the availability of certain controls (mini-timer, modular timer, radio control, etc.) and is approximately 2,000 euros for 10-kilowatt Webasto and Eberspächer models, while a 10-kilowatt Russian "Teplostar" 14TS-10 can be installed for 26 ... 27 thousand rubles. It should be noted here that Russian heaters are perfectly adapted to domestic diesel fuel and are very unpretentious, but they consume more fuel than their modern European counterparts. Nevertheless, the same "Teplostar" can be used as a preheater.

Hannover novelties Webasto

At the Hannover International Exhibition for Commercial Vehicles IAA 2008, Webasto presented new, improved samples of autonomous air heaters of the Air Top Evo series mod. 3900 and 5500. Thanks to the improved combustion process, the fuel consumption of both models is very low. In maximum power mode Plus, the unit produces 3.9 kW of thermal energy, while consuming only 0.49 l / h of fuel. Maud. 5500 consumes fuel from 0.19 to 0.63 l / h. In Plus mode, the unit consumes 0.69 l / h, developing a thermal output of 5.5 kW.

The heater can be equipped with the Thermo Coll function - turning on the heater by cell phone. It is also possible to equip with remote control devices for the unit.

The company also demonstrated improved models of compact autonomous liquid heaters of the Thermo Pro series mod. 50 and 90, which now have a longer service life of about 5000 hours and are capable of running on biodiesel fuel.

The heaters can be used both as pre-heaters and as additional heaters while the machine is running. At the same time, they are distinguished by high fuel efficiency.

Maud. 50 develops a thermal power of up to 4.5 kW, and a thermal power of mod. 90 steplessly adjustable from 1.8 to 9.1 kW. The heater is capable of long and stable operation even at maximum power, for example, on snow blowers.

The control systems of both models are compatible with the CAN bus, which allows them to be included in the general electronic control system of modern trucks.

A working stove in the car is very good, especially if it is winter outside. After all, driving a car when it is cold in the cabin is very inconvenient, and sometimes dangerous. But often ordinary regular stoves require a large amount of electrical energy and fuel to work effectively. To reduce fuel consumption, car owners began to use an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater. These devices have a number of serious advantages over regular stoves. One of the benefits is battery and fuel savings.

What is this device

Autonomous heaters are units designed to heat the air in the passenger compartment of a car or process fluids in a car with the engine turned off. Depending on what the heater should heat, it is divided into several types:

• Air devices.
• Liquid.
• Oil.

Autonomous interior air heater is intended for heating only interior air.

This is an ordinary fan heater that pumps a hot stream. Fluid heaters can heat the antifreeze in the cooling system even when it is not active, as well as the fuel system. This is important for diesel powertrains. Also, a liquid autonomous heater will be used for heating the interior, including the windshield. Oil autonomous heaters are designed to heat up the lubrication lines in the system. This greatly simplifies starting the engine in severe frosts.

Is it worth installing

If we talk about the rationality of installing such equipment, it depends on how often the car is operated in winter. If the owner drives the car only a few times during the month, then an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater is not needed.

To warm up the working units, you can use standard standard tools. If you have to drive every day, then an additional heating system will significantly help save money, as well as preserve your health. Particularly relevant is an autonomous 12-volt diesel heater for truck drivers and for those who work in a taxi.

How much can you save

If autonomous stoves are used intensively, it is possible to save from 25 to 100 liters of fuel during the season. But everyone has their own percentage of savings. It depends on how the vehicle is used, how you drive, and the type of equipment installed.

Classification of autonomous vehicles by type of fuel

Car heaters are distinguished by functionality. But they can also be classified by the type of fuel on which this equipment operates. Devices are also distinguished by power. So, there is an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater, there are electrical devices, and gasoline-powered equipment.

Electrical equipment for 12 and 24 V

Most of all modern salon autonomy, which are in use by modern motorists, are designed to operate at a voltage of 12 or 24 V. For many, it is not entirely clear what to buy and what will be more efficient and safer.

However, everything is very simple. Low-power 12-volt devices are intended for installation in passenger cars. They are ideal for inclusion in the on-board network. At the same time, the power is quite enough to heat a small cabin space. 24-volt equipment is designed for use in trucks.

Gas heater

This group of equipment operates on liquefied gas. Due to its combustion, a special fan is activated. The latter provides natural processes for the circulation of air flows in the cabin. The air is heated to certain temperatures. To make this process faster, many devices have additional fans.

These devices can work even if the engine is turned off. The device also does not need electrical energy, which cannot be said about a regular stove. So, even if you need to stand in one place for a long time, the battery will not sit down, and the driver will not freeze.

Among the advantages of this equipment is the complete absence of electronics and high reliability of the design. In addition, the devices are not dangerous for the driver. During the combustion process, air is taken from the outside. Exhaust gases are also released into the atmosphere. To ensure that this heater can work, it is only necessary to equip it with cylinders. Considering the difference in price between LPG, gasoline and diesel, this is a fairly cost-effective solution.

Among the shortcomings - the possibility of heating only the cabin. On what car can such an autonomous interior heater be installed?

Such units are put on the GAZelle very often. The device is installed in the cab, under the passenger seats.

Petrol heaters

In this category of equipment, not saloon, but pre-start engine heaters are more common. The devices are compact, and due to the fact that they are most often placed under the hood, their operation is silent. Such equipment can defrost the windshield. As for fuel consumption, it is approximately 0.5 l / h.

Cabin petrol heaters are suitable if only large passenger compartments need to be heated. For small cars, the effect of burning gasoline will be too high. It is better in this case to use an autonomous interior heater for 12 volt diesel.

Diesel autonomy

According to the device and principle of operation, such equipment practically does not differ from gasoline. The disadvantage is that diesel can burn poorly in severe frost. Therefore, sometimes there may be difficulties with the launch of such devices. But modern equipment, for example, a German Webasto 12-volt diesel autonomous interior heater, is protected from such problems.

The principle of operation of an autonomous stove

It doesn’t matter what fuel this or that device runs on, because the principle of operation of the heaters is the same. Fuel that is supplied by an electromagnetic pump, which is embedded in the line near the fuel tank, is supplied in certain doses to the combustion chamber - to a special evaporator.

As the latter, a high temperature resistant body with a large surface area can be used. On some models, this is a stainless steel mesh package. If we consider an autonomous interior heater for 12 volt diesel "Planar", then here a plate heat exchanger is used as an evaporator.

In front of it is a glow plug. Air enters the combustion chamber of the heater through a special supercharger. The fins of the evaporator are blown by a fan, due to which the interior is heated. Modern devices are equipped with electronic control units. They protect the stove from overheating, automatically regulate the temperature.

When the driver turns on the autonomous interior heater for 12 volt diesel Planar (or any other), the electronics diagnoses and starts. Voltage rises at the glow plug. Next, the fuel mixture is fed into the chamber. The combustion process is controlled by electronics and sensors. When the combustion becomes stable, the glow plug will turn off.

"Planar 4D"

These are diesel air interior heaters with a power of 4 kW. Temperatures and flow rates can be adjusted. Model 4D-12 is suitable for cars whose on-board network is designed for 12 V. "Planar 4D-24" is designed for trucks, as well as for buses.

In the maximum power mode, the heater is able to warm the air in the cabin of small buses. During operation, the level of energy consumption is up to 4 A / h, which is not critical.

Webasto

Under this brand, some of the most popular heaters with a power of up to 2 kW are produced among drivers. A feature of the Air Top 2000 ST series is that the equipment can work with different types of fuel. There are adjustments for temperature and air supply. During operation, the system consumes no more than 4 A / h of energy. For those who want to purchase such an autonomous interior heater for 12 volts diesel, the average price is 50 thousand rubles.

Products "Webasto" is considered a reference. The peculiarity of this particular equipment is in a solid-cast aluminum heat exchanger, which contributes to almost maximum efficiency. The design is such that the heater can be conveniently installed under the hood of a car.

Do-it-yourself autonomous heating in the car interior - is it possible

If you look at the principle of operation of diesel and gasoline equipment, we can say that the device is quite simple. In fact, with some experience, you can assemble an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater with your own hands. But it will not have an electronic control unit. And if it is, then without all the functions that are in systems from well-known manufacturers. If you do not need electronics, then the assembly of the structure is not difficult.

How to install a heater

The installation process is a simple operation. It is necessary to find a place for the device, connect the system to the fuel line, then make pipelines for air intake and exhaust gases. The latter will go outside. Then it remains only to connect the electronics and electrical wires.

Installation of an autonomous interior heater is possible with your own hands. For this, you do not need to contact specialists. However, there will be no guarantee for the installation either.

Conclusion

So, we found out what this heater is. Autonomy is a very useful thing, especially if you often operate a car in winter. Its use does not require the operation of the engine and regular stove. The equipment is completely autonomous. Turnkey installation in specialized services will cost about 50-70 thousand rubles. The cheapest option is the 12 Volt Planar. The device is suitable for passenger cars and minibuses.

A stove in a car is very good, especially when winter comes and driving in a cold cabin is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous to health. However, conventional stoves consume quite a lot of car energy, as they can be powered by both the mains and the fuel tank. In order to somehow reduce the cost of the car, the owners began to use autonomous interior heaters, which, compared with the classic car heating, have a number of advantages, the main of which is savings.

Understanding the concept of "autonomous interior heater"?

Autonomous interior heater is a device capable of heating the air in the car interior or its working fluids, regardless of the operation of the car engine. Depending on what medium they are intended to heat, all autonomous heaters should be divided into three types:

Air- they heat only the air in the cabin and often represent a familiar fan that pumps heat.

Liquid- can heat up both the cooling system, if it is not activated by the engine, and the fuel system, which is especially important for diesel vehicles. They can also be used for interior heating, defrosting locks and windshields.

Oily- they heat up the oil line of the car, which also speeds up and simplifies starting the engine in the frosty season.

As for the advisability of using one or another type of heater, it is better to stop the choice on several devices at once. Thanks to this approach, you can provide the car with full heating in the cold season: without problems and breakdowns, the engine will start and run, and you and your passengers will be comfortable driving a car.

The rationality of installing such a device on a car largely depends on how intensively the car is operated in the winter. If you drive it only once a month, then the heating of the working units and the interior can be provided in “old-fashioned” ways. However, if you have to travel every day, an additional heater in the car will not only help you save money, but also save your health. An autonomous heater is especially relevant for taxi drivers and truck drivers.

Important! With regular use of an autonomous interior heater, it is possible to save from 25 to 100 liters of fuel in one winter season. The % savings depends on the frequency of driving, driving style, and the type of heater that is used on the car.

There is another classification of "autonomy", which is based on what fuel is used to operate the device, as well as a classification depending on the power of the heater. We will consider the features of all types of these devices above, but in advance we will give a list of criteria by which you should choose an autonomous interior heater for your car:

dimensions of the "autonomy" and your car;

The power of the regular electrical network on the machine;

The frequency with which you plan to operate the heater for the car;

The climatic features of the area in which you live;

Profitability of the installation - its consumer characteristics;

Payback heater specifically for you;

The design features of the machine - is it possible in principle to connect an additional heating device to it.

Electrical devices for 12 and 24 Volts

Almost all autonomous interior heaters that are used by modern car owners are designed for power from 12 to 24 volts. A similar fact makes many rush to friends for advice and look for information on the Internet, as it remains unclear which of these two heaters will be effective and safe for cars.

But in fact, everything is simple: interior heaters with a lower power of 12 volts are designed for use in passenger cars, as they are ideal for connecting to the on-board network of a car, and at the same time their power is enough to heat a small interior. As for heaters with a power of 24 volts, they are designed for heavy vehicles.

Cabin gas heaters

Such "autonomous systems" work through the use of liquid gas. Thanks to its combustion, the fan starts, which in turn provides natural air circulation in the car, heating it to the required temperature. To speed up the heating process, additional fans are sometimes used.

Important!Gas independent heaters of the car interior are able to work even with the engine turned off and without being connected to the car's on-board electrical network, which is not typical for a regular car stove. Thus, even during a long parking, the driver of the car does not risk putting the battery in “0”, but at the same time he himself will not freeze in the cabin.

TO benefits This type of heaters also includes the absence of electronic elements in them, as well as the overall reliability of the design, which significantly increases the period of their operation. In addition, it is quite safe for the driver, since for gas combustion, air is supplied to the device not from the passenger compartment, but from the street. The gases formed during the combustion process are also thrown out.

To ensure the operation of such a device, you only have to periodically purchase cylinders of liquefied gas. Given the difference in the cost of gasoline, diesel fuel and gas, this option for heating the interior of a car is the most profitable from an economic point of view.

But such a device has its own flaws: with it, you can provide heating only the passenger compartment of the car. It is impossible to install a gas autonomous heater under the hood due to its dimensions and features of operation.

Gasoline devices

In the gasoline version, not autonomous interior heaters are often produced, but pre-heaters of the design of an automobile engine. For this reason, such devices are distinguished by their compactness, and thanks to their placement under the hood of the car, they are also quiet in operation. With proper operation, such a heater will also provide windshield defrosting. The fuel consumption of such a starting heater is on average 0.5 liters of gasoline per hour.

As for gasoline devices for interior heating, it is rational to use them only if it is necessary to heat large cars, since due to the use of gasoline, the effect of the heater is great. But the fuel consumption during interior heating decreases, and is about 0.3 liters per hour.

Note! Often, autonomous interior heaters can operate on one of two types of fuel - gasoline or diesel fuel.

Diesel models of autonomous car interior heaters

Diesel heaters are not much different from gasoline ones, especially since they can represent the same device. But they have one significant drawback - the fuel used for operation can be negatively affected by freezing temperatures, so starting such a heater in the cold will be no less difficult than the diesel engine itself.

The advantage of diesel autonomous interior heaters is that modern device designs often use the car battery charge to a minimum, which is no less important when making winter trips.

Features of the operation of "autonomous"

No matter how harmless autonomous interior heaters may seem, they still remain electrical devices (with the exception of gas ones), and therefore they must be handled with the utmost care:

1. When buying a device, be sure to study the features of its connection and carefully follow all the manufacturer's instructions. Particular attention should be paid to the power of the heater. If it does not match the power of the on-board network of your car, do not connect it.

2. Each time you turn it on, check that the device is working properly, that there are no damages or leaks.

3. When operating a gas heater, it is very important to prevent the leakage of liquid gas, as this can cause poisoning for the driver and his passengers.

4. In no case do not allow the maximum operation of the interior heater, as excessive heating of the air in the car interior may be undesirable for your well-being (when the interior is heated, the air in it may become excessively dry, which will require the most frequent ventilation). It should also be understood that the operation of the device "to the limit" can lead to its premature failure.

Also, when buying a cabin heater, do not hesitate to ask the seller for maximum information about it and its manufacturer. It is very important that the device you purchase is compatible with your car, so it will not be out of place to ask your car dealers about the possibility of using an autonomous interior heater.

Any driver wants to feel comfortable inside the car, regardless of the season. In winter, a 24-volt diesel car will help with this. It is quite possible to make and install such a design with your own hands. Consider the types of stoves, their capabilities, as well as the manufacture of units with your own hands.

Peculiarities

A 24-volt diesel auxiliary interior heater needs a charged battery to start. After the launch, it consumes fuel without the participation of the battery, which is intended to activate the autonomous heater. Diesel fuel can be supplied from the main fuel tank. In this case, it is necessary to build a structure that removes exhaust gases outside the cabin. With proper installation, any heater will serve for a long time, providing comfort in the cold season. The principle of operation of a 24-volt diesel autonomous interior heater is practically the same as that of gasoline and gas units. Fire is the main source of energy. It is placed in a special design that does not pose a danger to passengers and the driver. If all safety measures are observed, the occurrence of a fire is practically excluded. As a result, the equipment in question will allow not only to heat the interior, but also to start the power unit faster in severe frosts. For optimal operation of the unit, it will take no more than 15 minutes after starting the engine.

Brief overview of popular models

Autonomous cabin BELIEF FJH-5 / 1C has a power of about 5 kW with an operating voltage of 12 volts. The unit is used for heating minibuses, small yachts, compartments of trucks and special equipment. Fuel costs range from 200 to 600 grams per hour. At the maximum position, the heater processes about 200 cubic meters of air in 60 minutes. The main advantages of this device are the electronic control unit, safety, long working life and ease of use. Includes regulator and mounting kit.

Another popular stand-alone diesel interior heater for 24 volts is WEBASTO AIR TOP 5000. There is also a modification for 12 V. The power of the unit varies from 1.5 to 5 kilowatts. Fuel costs per hour do not exceed 600 grams with a volume of heated space of 20 cubic meters. The weight of the device is 5.9 kilograms.

Petrol analogues

These units have a similar principle of operation with diesel variations. One of the most popular versions in the domestic market is the Webasto autonomous interior heater. The following are the specifications of the Air Top series:

• There is a special system for air intake.
• The presence of an electronic control unit.
• Built-in thermal indicator.
• Injection engine.
• Burner with evaporative insert.
• Thermal exchanger.
• Switch.
• Fuel pump.

The package includes a set for installation. In addition, ceramic components minimize the load on the battery. The design and functionality is modified depending on the modification of the device. The considered autonomous heaters of the car interior are able to effectively heat large trucks, even in harsh climatic conditions.

Gas heaters

Such devices differ from analogues in the way they are powered. Units operate on liquefied gas. Autonomous gas interior heater has the following advantages:

• Ease of execution.
• Operational safety.
• Saves battery power.
• The output of the waste masses is carried out into the atmosphere.

This unit functions by ensuring the circulation of air masses inside the car. An additional fan allows you to increase the efficiency of the device. The interior of a passenger car of this type is convenient to maintain and use, since it does not have rotating parts. Heat is removed by natural air convection.

SELENA PILOT-2-E1

This heater has a power of 2 kW, is able to heat the area up to 20 square meters. Such abilities determine its use not only in passenger cars, but also in vans, trucks, garages and other technical premises.

Rules for the operation of a gas autonomous interior heater for 12 volts of this type:

• The unit can turn on not only while driving, but also in the parking lot.
• The start of work is carried out by opening the supply valve, after which the device itself is activated.
• The device is turned off using the toggle switch.

The advantages of this model:

• Acceptable price.
• Lack of complex electronics in the design.
• Aggregation with a climate control system, which is equipped with most modern cars.
• No interaction with the resources of the machine is required, which ensures complete autonomy of the device.
• The use of cylinders of various capacities (from 12 to 24 liters).

Electric heaters

The main competitor of the autonomous diesel interior heater and its analogues is the electric version. It turns on from the car's cigarette lighter, it is usually installed on the front panel. Experienced motorists try to use it only to heat the windows, because it consumes a decent amount of energy and dries the air.

Its advantages:

• Affordable price.
• Elementary assembly.
• Activation of the device does not require additional fuel costs.
• Availability of the choice of the unit in shape and color.

• Cheap fakes can be dangerous during operation.
• The heater is discharging the battery.
• There is a negative effect on the standard wiring, and therefore it is recommended to connect it separately.

How to make an autonomous interior heater with your own hands?

Below is one of the options for making a heater for a car yourself. From the materials and tools you will need the following:

• Computer power supply case.
• Low power fan.
• Soldering iron with solder.
• Tile or part of it.
• Wiring.
• Fasteners in the form of bolts with nuts.
• Nichrome wire.

Walkthrough

You can make an autonomous heater for the Gazelle interior or another vehicle yourself. The procedure consists of several stages:

1. An old power supply is taken from the computer, from which all the stuffing is removed. That is, the electronic board is unscrewed, switches and connectors are removed.
2. The role of the heating element will be played by a wire made of nichrome. Identical springs of a certain length are made from it. At this stage, it is necessary to correctly calculate the load, otherwise there will be an excess supply to the network, which will cause undercharging of the battery and other unpleasant consequences. The very process of forming a knot consists in winding the wire around a cone of a suitable size.
3. For example, a 12-volt autonomous interior heater is suitable for a car with a 70-amp generator, with a consumption of no more than 15 A, which does not adversely affect the functioning of the car network.

Final work

After mounting the springs of the desired size, they will need to be fixed. To do this, you can use pieces of ordinary tiles. Holes are made in them, into which bolts are inserted, and with the help of these elements the heating element is attached. After assembling the entire structure, it is mounted in the power supply housing.

At the final stage, the fan is installed. It is mounted in a regular place of the power supply in the opposite part of the case. During operation, the propeller will drive air through a heated nichrome wire, giving it out into the cabin already warm.

Autonomous interior heater "Planar"

The operation of this device is based on an elementary principle. It draws atmospheric masses into the middle of the heating compartment. When the fuel is burned, heat is released, which then enters the cabin.

The main positive aspect of this device is the ability to adjust the heating power. This process is ensured by a special control knob located on the regulator. It features original design and smooth operation.

The set power indicator is maintained in automatic mode. When the critical temperature is reached, the unit simply turns off. The increase in heat inside the passenger compartment contributes to a decrease in power and the supply of warm air.

Before installing an autonomous diesel interior heater for 24 volts, it is necessary to carry out work on the insulation of the car. Otherwise, all installations will be ineffective due to air escaping through cracks and weak points.

All seals must guarantee the sealing of the machine. In case of loss of elasticity, the elements must be replaced. To improve heating in the winter period will allow the removal of air leakage. This does not require a lot of effort. Just disconnect the cable from the control levers. The best solution would be to open the tap to the maximum in the winter.

The autonomous interior air heater will take all the heat if the engine is not preheated. Installing an additional stove will help solve the problem.

Outcome

The driver, who is freezing inside the car, feels discomfort. As a result, a stressful situation arises, control on the road deteriorates, which can lead to accidents. An autonomous heater on diesel, gasoline or gas fuel will help solve this problem. Most of these units do not require turning on the engine of the car, they can work in a muffled vehicle.

The choice of such devices is very wide. The owner can easily find diesel, gasoline, electric or gas modifications at an affordable price. at the same time, the installation of devices can really be done independently in a matter of minutes.

To warm up the interior and engine of a car before a trip in winter, security systems with remote start or special installations are used. The autonomous interior heater also allows heating the engine cooling system, which will not be subjected to increased wear during start-up.

[ Hide ]

What is an autonomous interior heater?

The autonomous interior heater is a device that provides heating of the vehicle interior and engine cooling system without starting. Heating is produced from a heat exchanger in which fuel is burned. The heater runs on fuel intended for the operation of the engine.

Kinds

There are two types of autonomous heaters:

• wet type;
• dry type.

Liquid heaters

The wet type heater is installed in the engine cooling system line. Visually, the device is a single unit in which the combustion chamber and the control unit are located. The burning fuel warms up the coolant, which is pumped by an electric pump through the cooling jacket and the regular interior heater. The design of the autonomous heater allows its use in the parking lot and while driving. Thanks to this advantage, the device has become widespread on vehicles equipped with diesel engines.

An example of installing a standard wet type heater on a Tiguan 1st generation

Modern models of liquid heaters are equipped with control units that control the state of charge of the vehicle's battery. When the voltage drops to a certain level, the device automatically turns off.

The device can be started in several ways:

1. According to the standard timer, which is programmed by the remote control or through the instrument cluster menu (if the device is installed from the factory) or through a separate heater control unit (when the device was installed separately by the owner).
2. Forced activation by a signal from a button located in the control unit in the car. If the heater is installed in the factory, it is started by a button located in the climate control unit.
3. Switching on at a specified time at a distance. To start, signals from the remote control or data from cellular communications transmitted through an additional GSM module are used.

Positive aspects of a wet heater:

• fast warming up of the car;
• the ability to work together with a standard interior ventilation system that distributes air flows;
• low fuel consumption;
• high performance;
• simplicity and ease of use.

Negative sides:

• the inability to use in confined spaces due to the release of fuel combustion products;
• possible discharge of the battery during the operation of the heater;
• difficult self-assembly.

The main unit of a liquid automatic heater is the combustion chamber. It is equipped with a fuel atomizer, which is a Venturi tube. Air is supplied to the combustion chamber by means of a fan. Air, passing through the narrowing of the channel, equipped with a nozzle, sprays the particles of the combustible mixture.

To ignite the mixture, a separate one is used, which is turned off after the start of combustion. A sensor can be installed in the candles, which determines the start of ignition of the mixture, which allows you to turn off the candle and prevent it from overheating. A flame tube is connected to the combustion chamber, which increases the heat exchanger area. Gases, having passed through the flame tube, enter a small-sized muffler and are discharged under the bottom of the car.

Liquid heater in section

Around the combustion chamber and the flame tube there is a shirt along which. The jacket contains liquid temperature sensors and a heat exchanger overheating signaling device. In case of excessive heating, a signal is sent to the control unit, which emergency shuts off the fuel supply. Liquid circulation is carried out by the built-in electric pump. The heater operation is controlled by a standard electronic unit. When factory installed, the module is part of the vehicle's electrical system and receives data from various vehicle sensors.

Air heaters

The device is built on the principle of a hair dryer; the body of the combustion chamber is used to warm up the air flow. Heaters are used on buses and trucks, which are forced to stand idle outside for a long time in winter. The air appliance heats only the interior of the vehicle, the engine cooling system remains cold.

Air heater Sirocco from Ikarus bus

The launch is performed:

• by timer;
• button on the control panel (stationary or remote).

Positive aspects of air heating:

• low power consumption;
• the possibility of continuous operation without the risk of battery discharge;
• simplicity of design;
• simplified installation.

Cons of dry type heaters:

• warming up only the cabin or cabin;
• there may be difficulties in finding the installation site;
• inability to use indoors.

Device diagram and principle of operation

The air heater is a cylindrical elongated structure, inside which there is a combustion chamber and two fans. The combustion chamber is equipped with a fan that pumps the air necessary for combustion. Ignition is carried out by a candle heated by an electric current. The main fan pumps air around the combustion chamber and flame tube. The heated air is supplied through the channel to the vehicle cabin. Exhaust gases are removed from the flame tube into the atmosphere through a special pipeline equipped with a small exhaust silencer.

Sectional view of an air heater

The operation of the air heater is controlled by a built-in electronic module that automatically turns off the device in case of overheating.

Models

Consider the most popular models of air and liquid heaters.

Planar-4D

The heater of the Planar-4D model belongs to the category of air devices, it is supplied as a kit designed for self-installation. The supply of fuel and electricity is carried out from the regular systems of the vehicle.

General view of the Planar-4D device

The scope of delivery includes:

• heater;
• a pump for pumping fuel into the combustion chamber;
• remote control and management;
• connecting wiring harnesses.

Planar-4D operation algorithm:

1. When the device is turned on, a self-test program is launched, which checks the operability of the ignition, combustion support and control devices. After receiving positive feedback, the start of ignition is allowed.
2. After purging the combustion chamber, the glow plugs are heated to the required temperature. The control unit opens the fuel supply valve, which is sprayed by the nozzle in the air stream. The hot working element of the candle ignites the mixture. The built-in combustion stability control system maintains the glow of the candle until the torch is formed. After that, the candle turns off.
3. When a shutdown signal is received, the fuel supply valve is closed. The fan continues to work for some time, cooling the chamber and removing the remaining fuel vapors from the cavity of the combustion chamber.

At the request of the owner, the delivery set includes a temperature sensor installed in the cab. The sensor allows you to heat the air to a predetermined temperature and maintain it in automatic mode. When a certain temperature is reached, the heater does not turn off, but only switches to the minimum fuel supply mode. If the outside air temperature is lower than the one programmed on the sensor, the heater switches to the fan mode.

The Planar-4D heater allows you to:

1. Restart automatically. In total, two ignition attempts are possible. If the second attempt fails, the device turns off.
2. If there are interruptions in the fuel supply, which cause the combustion to stop, the control unit turns off the device.
3. The built-in temperature sensor measures parameters. When overheated, the heater turns off.
4. The design of the heater has a device for monitoring the voltage in the on-board network. The control unit is configured to automatically turn off the device when the voltage drops below 10.8 V or exceeds 15 V. The oven can be used on trucks with an operating voltage of the on-board network of 24 V. In this case, the shutdown will occur when the voltage drops to 20 V or exceeds 30 V.
5. The control unit allows you to determine the cause of the failure. For this, a control diode is used, which flashes with various series of flashes.

For control, a separate remote control is used, installed on the instrument panel or in another place at the request of the owner. The remote control has a rotary temperature controller (indicated in diagram 1) and a control multifunctional diode (in diagram 2). The adjustment knob, when turned all the way to the left, allows you to turn off the heater. The mechanism has a spring-loaded element, to turn off it is necessary to overcome its resistance. At the same time, a characteristic click will be heard. Clockwise rotation regulates the intensity of combustion and the temperature of the air leaving the heater.

Remote control scheme

The console allows:

• turn on and turn off the heating mode manually;
• regulate the air temperature;
• receive information about the operation of the device by the color of the indication of the control diode.

Diode operating modes:

• red - the heater is working to heat the passenger compartment;
• green - purge of the combustion chamber for cooling (after turning off the burner);
• flashing red - the heater is faulty;
• Off - The device is in the off state.

Repair and maintenance of the Planar autonomy is shown in a video shot by the Tim Service channel.

Webasto

The Webasto company produces several varieties of liquid heaters. Devices differ in connection method and operating modes. To prepare engines for start-up, devices of the Thermo Top C model range are used. For cars with a diesel engine, the Thermo Top Z line is produced. The heaters differ in the functioning algorithm - start-up and operation are possible only with the engine running, there is no forced circulation pump. Additional heat generation from the heater is used to compensate for the lack of engine heat, which is typical for diesel power units.

One of the modifications of Webasto

There are versions of Webasto designed to run on gasoline (leaded fuel is allowed) or on diesel fuel. When operating the device on a diesel engine, it is necessary to monitor the compliance of the fuel grade with the ambient temperature. When refueling the winter type, it is necessary to fill the heater lines with new fluid. The use of fuel additives does not affect the operation of the heater.

The Webasto heating unit has a compact size, the device has inputs and outputs:

• 1 - circulation pump (not available for the Top Z model);
• 2 - fitting for the fuel supply pipe;
• 3 - outlet channel of the liquid;
• 4 - exhaust pipe for exhaust gases;
• 5 - air intake of the combustion chamber;
• 6 - inlet pipe for liquid.

Webasto block layout

Webasto installations have several disadvantages:

• high price (from 100 thousand rubles with installation);
• a battery with a higher capacity is required (gel is recommended);
• complexity of installation and configuration.

On vehicles equipped with Webasto systems, it is recommended to drive the number of kilometers corresponding to the minutes of the installation time. In this case, the battery is recharged.

Eberspacher

Eberspacher heat guns are designed to be connected to the electrical networks of cars with a voltage of 12 or 24 volts. The design has a power regulator that allows you to change the heat flow in steps. The devices are installed in vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers. It is possible to install several heat guns that provide uniform heating of the cabin.

Heat gun Eberspacher Airtronic

Classification of autonomous heaters by type of fuel

There are several types of devices on the market of autonomous heaters in Russia, which can be divided into categories:

• low voltage electrical systems;
• electric heaters powered by a household network;
• liquid fuel heating devices;
• heaters on gaseous fuel.

Each type of autonomous interior heaters has its own advantages and disadvantages. The final choice of the device remains with the consumer.

Electrical equipment for 12 and 24 V

Electric heaters have a significant advantage over other systems - they do not require long and painstaking installation. The devices are connected to or to standard wiring and are powered by the on-board network with a voltage of 12 or 24 volts. The heaters do not emit harmful emissions and can be used indoors. The downside of the devices is low efficiency and high power consumption.

Electric heater Defa

As heating elements, a nichrome coil or a ceramic element is used, with a heating coil located inside. Fans are supplied with a bracket and wire for connection. The design of the devices uses a thermal fuse that turns off the power in case of overheating.

On modern cars equipped with engines with a small displacement, additional electric hair dryers are regularly installed in the air conditioning system. The device starts working immediately after starting the engine, providing accelerated heating of the passenger compartment. It is possible to install such devices on machines whose stove design does not provide for additional heating. Heating radiators are connected through an electronic control unit.

Ford Focus stock radiator

Through the use of electronics, it is provided:

• generator load control;
• start the heater not below a certain temperature;
• heater operation at stable engine crankshaft speed;
• automatic shutdown after heating the liquid in the cooling jacket.

It is not possible to combine an additional electric hair dryer with the control unit on all vehicles.

Domestic electric heaters

Another option for an autonomous heater is a system for heating the power unit from a heating element connected to a 220-volt household electrical network. An example of such devices is the products of Severs +. The device includes a pump that circulates the liquid in the cooling jacket. Power is supplied through a connector located on the bumper or under the hood. A power wire coming from a 220 V network is connected to the connector.

Severs+ heater before installation

A simplified version of heaters are products under the Sputnik brand, which are designed for installation on carburetor cars of domestic and foreign models.

Sputnik heater design

Designations on the diagram:

• 1 - heating element;
• 2 - thermal regulator;
• 3 - input of the power supply wire;
• 4 - body;
• 5 - valve ball;
• 6 - valve body;
• 7 - inlet pipe;
• 8 - outgoing channel;
• 9 - ball stroke limiter;
• 10 - protective cover.

How the product works:

1. Connect a 220 volt power supply that heats up the coil.
2. The liquid inside the housing begins to heat up. The expansion of the liquid when heated causes an increase in pressure inside the housing. Since the inlet channel is blocked by a one-way valve, the liquid is forced out into the cooling jacket.
3. As fluid is forced out of the housing, a pressure drop occurs, causing the valve to open and a charge of cold liquid entering the housing. Due to this design, thermosyphon circulation of the liquid and gradual heating of the power unit are provided. A safety element is installed in the design of the heater, which cuts off the power when the device overheats. After the temperature drops, the device turns on automatically again.

Gas heater

Gas heaters work by analogy with liquid fuel products. The design uses a reducer that regulates gas pressure, and a special burner designed to atomize gaseous fuel. The fuel supply is in a cylinder located separately from the heater body. An example of a gas device is a Trumatic device adapted to work on liquefied propane or a propane-butane mixture.

General view of the Trumatic device

Management is carried out from levers or a rotary handle on the control panel, which is placed in the car.

Petrol and diesel heaters

In addition to the liquid fuel devices listed above, Belief equipment is on the market that uses heated air to heat the passenger compartment. The principle of operation does not differ from the Planar or Eberspacher installations.

Belief heater design

The structure of the device includes a cast aluminum heat exchanger (1) with a finned surface. Inside the heat exchanger there is a flame tube (3) with a combustion chamber (4). A line (13) is used to supply fuel. The mixture is ignited with a candle (14). Combustion air is supplied through a pipe (12) using a fan (6). The exit of gases is carried out to the atmosphere through the exhaust channel. From above the knot is covered with a casing through which air is supplied. The air is heated by a finned heat exchanger.

In what cases and on what vehicles are heaters used?

The autonomous heater can be used on cars of any type. The performance of the device is selected depending on the volume of the cabin.

Autonomous heaters are used in the following cases:

• maintaining a comfortable temperature in the cabin and cabin of the car;
• ensuring engine start at low air temperatures.

The use of an autonomous interior heater on vehicles operating in harsh climatic conditions allows you to increase the resource of the power unit by several times and reduces fuel consumption.

If the car is equipped with an autonomous heating device, then the owner is recommended:

1. Turn on the heating mode monthly, especially if the heater is not in operation. Activation is also carried out during the summer season. Short-term inclusion and operation allow to eliminate the sticking of moving elements resulting from the ingress of sediment from the fuel.
2. Carry out a timely transition from summer to winter grade of fuel with pumping the system.
3. When using the heater, regularly check the state of charge of the battery.

Do-it-yourself installation of an autonomous heater on a car

Manufacturers of autonomous heaters stipulate in the instructions the requirements for installation, which must be carried out by specialized organizations. Do-it-yourself installation may cause damage to the device and denial of warranty repair or service. Self-installation can be recommended to owners with extensive experience in car maintenance, as well as a set of installation tools.

Before starting the installation of an autonomous interior heater, it is necessary to analyze the technical documentation included in the kit. Installation must be carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

How to install a heater

Installation of heaters of different types may differ, consider the installation of some of them.

Electric heater with fan

Installation of an electric heater with a fan:

1. Mount the support bracket at the desired location.
2. Mount the heater on the bracket. Check the possibility of an uninterrupted supply of fresh air, as well as the direction of the hot air flow. It is not recommended to direct the flow to the windshield, as local heating will cause internal deformations and cracks. Heated air should not fall on the plastic trim elements, as overheating and deformation of the part are possible.
3. Connect the device to the cigarette lighter socket or to the standard wiring. The wires used for the connection must have the appropriate cross section. It is recommended to install a separate fuse in the power circuit.

air heater

Approximate air heater installation sequence:

1. The heater body is installed horizontally, the glow plug is located on top. The heater air intake must not be located in an area exposed to vehicle engine exhaust or heater operation. The inlet channel is closed with a safety net that protects the stove from foreign objects. The installation location of the housing must provide access for maintenance. The scope of supply includes a template for marking the attachment points of the case.
2. Install the air intake pipe. It is not allowed to supply air from the passenger compartment or the luggage compartment of the vehicle. The installation point of the duct must guarantee protection against the ingress of water or snow into the heater. It is forbidden to direct the air intake in the direction of the vehicle.
3. Install the exhaust system taking into account the heating of the exhaust elements to high temperatures. The exhaust pipe is a corrugated metal pipeline that is cut to length. Fixation is carried out with screw clamps, the exhaust pipe is installed at a small angle of inclination towards the exhaust flow. When the product is located next to the elements of the car, it is recommended to use heat shields. To ensure a reliable connection of the pipe with the heater body, a longitudinal slot is made on the end part, which should not go beyond the edge of the exhaust pipe.
4. Install the tank on the vehicle. The installation must ensure unhindered flow onto the ground of fuel spilled during refueling or damage to the joints of the fuel lines. The output of the neck is carried out on the outside. It is forbidden to lead the neck into the passenger compartment or cab.
5. When installing gas equipment, cylinders are placed on the outside of the car under a protective cover. The casing or locker is mounted on the car body or frame.
6. Install heater fuel pump. The element is located vertically at a minimum distance from the tank. The pump location line is below the minimum fuel level in the tank. It is necessary to install the part in such a way that the limiting volume of fuel is below the upper cut of the spray tube in the combustion chamber.
7. When using the main tank as a fuel tank, it is necessary to install the intake through the rubber sealing rings. The connection must ensure tightness. Works are carried out on an empty and dried tank, without fuel vapors. It is allowed to supply fuel from the excess drain line.
8. Connect the tank, pump and heater with lines. During installation, bending of the couplings and deformation of the end parts of the fuel pipes are not allowed. You should make sure that there are no places of overheating of the lines from the exhaust manifolds of the car or the heater. It is desirable to lay the pipeline section from it obliquely, with a constant angle of elevation. Pipe connections must be tight, no fuel leaks are allowed.
9. Proceed with the installation of electrical circuits in accordance with the wiring diagrams included in the delivery. The wiring connection is carried out on a de-energized circuit by removing the fuse. It is recommended to solder the twisted wires, the connection is protected with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing.
10. Install the control panel on the outside of the instrument panel in the passenger compartment. The remote control is connected to the electrical system of the heater according to the instructions.
11. Reinstall the fusible links, fill the lines with fuel. Conduct a trial run of the device in various operating modes. In case of detection of malfunctions and fuel leaks, stop the check until the problems are fixed.

Webasto Heated Fluid

Installation of Webasto devices with liquid heating has a number of nuances:

1. The heater is connected to the cooling system circuit according to several schemes. The most common standard installation in the break of highways. At the request of the owner, it is possible to install a heater to warm up the passenger compartment or engine. The minimum volume of the heated circuit is from 3 liters. Hoses approved by the heater manufacturer and in accordance with DIN 73411 standards must be used for installation.
2. The hoses are located without creases that narrow the flow area. Hose connections are made with spring or screw clamps that prevent pipelines from slipping during operation.
3. If it is necessary to connect pipelines of different diameters, adapter or connecting fittings are used.
4. The circulation pump can be located on the heater body or separately - on any section of the line. At installation it is necessary to consider the minimum level of a liquid in a broad tank. The pump is located below this value. It is forbidden to change the direction of liquid circulation, as well as to install an element at the outlet of the heater.
5. When installing a liquid-type heater, one should remember the rule - the liquid enters from below, the outlet is from above.
6. Air is supplied to the combustion chamber through an additional air duct. It is forbidden to use the heater with the nozzle removed.
7. When connecting wires, it is necessary to ensure that the wire cross-sections correspond to the current values. Do not use wires of small gauge, as they can overheat and cause a fire.
8. Webasto heaters are supplied with a Telestar remote control system that allows you to control the device at a distance of up to 1000 m. The device is supplied as a set by a separate order. The customer can order an additional control unit that provides heating at a predetermined time to the programmed temperature. If necessary, the start of the heater is performed by a voice command transmitted via the GSM network. A separate device is used to receive commands. Installation of telecontrol systems is carried out in accordance with the attached instructions.
9. Connect the air conditioner fan through an additional relay. The fan will turn on by a signal from the heater control unit. Due to this, an intensive supply of warm air from the stove radiator to the passenger compartment is ensured.

Below are the main options for inserting a liquid heater into the cooling system.

The diagrams indicate:

• 1 - engine;
• 2 - check valve;
• 3 - air conditioner radiator.

Additional installation options.

Explanation of designations:

• 1 - motor;
• 2 - circulation pump;
• 3 - cooling radiator;
• 4 - radiator of the microclimate system;
• 5 - expansion tank;
• 6 - thermostat;
• 7 - check valve;
• 8 - additional thermostat supplied by Webasto.

Installation safety rules

When installing heaters, the following rules must be observed:

1. It is not allowed to lay fuel lines inside the passenger compartment.
2. A vehicle equipped with a heater must be equipped with a fire extinguisher. It is necessary to check the condition of the fire extinguisher regularly and replace it with a new one in a timely manner.
3. The connection of the fuel lines must exclude the possibility of the formation of air bubbles that will be supplied to the combustion chamber of the auxiliary heater.
4. The exhaust pipe and muffler are hot. The device must be located at a sufficient distance from the rubber pipes of the cooling system, electrical wiring harnesses, plastic parts and other vehicle structural elements. Outgoing exhaust gases must not fall on the structure of the vehicle.
5. Ground wires are connected to standard bolts and nuts on the body using a terminal. If the car is equipped with a mass switch, then power is supplied directly from the battery terminal.
6. The channels for supplying cold air and removing hot air must not be blocked by vehicle parts.
7. It is forbidden to test work indoors.
8. During the test, it is not allowed to turn off the power supply until the purge stops.