As promised, I post pictures of the PCB manufacturing process.
1. I cut off a piece of textolite with a jigsaw.
2. Lightly sanded with a zero.
3. Cleaned the workpiece with pemolux
4. Thrown for 10 seconds into a weak solution (the color of "baby urine") ferric chloride to activate copper.
5. cleaned again with pemolux.
6. I printed the layout of the board on a sheet from a glossy magazine on a laser printer. (I did the layout of the board in the sprint layout 4.0 program)
7. Thoroughly degreased the board with acetone, attached a glossy sheet to the board and ironed it.
(I iron evenly moving the iron to different points of the board, trying to push harder. From experience - you should not run the iron over the board, from the series how you iron clothes, because the tracks turn out to be smeared and can close together. If the mother’s iron and it’s a pity recommend to put between the iron and glossy paper Blank sheet A4)
8. I let the board cool down a bit and throw it into the sink under cold water. I blot the paper and clean it gently with a sponge.
9. There are usually unironed places on the board. If there are a critically large number of them, then we wipe everything with acetone and iron again, respectively, with a new piece of paper. If there are not enough unironed places, then I correct them with a CD marker and throw the board into a solution of water with ferric chloride.
10. The photo shows 2 baths (one into the other) in the upper ferric chloride, in the lower hot water, I change it every 1-2 minutes to a hotter one. I shake the baths with my hand for mixing and heat transfer. The board is etched for about 10-15 minutes. Bare copper burns out, the one under the toner remains.
11. I pull out the board, wash it with soap and wipe it.
12. Wash off the toner with cotton wool and acetone.
As a result, soldered such a board:
Connected to LCD - works.
Initially, I put the board on the back side of the tidy, but terrible interference came from the wiring harness and I had to rearrange the board inside the case, after shielding it with foil (no photo)
The speed is taken from the speed sensor and fed to the input for external controller interrupts.
The device is controlled by an ATmega8 microcontroller. The firmware is written in C language in the CodeVisionAVR program. All sensors are old. Information from the sensors is fed through a voltage divider to the controller's multichannel analog-to-digital converter, processed according to formulas and displayed on the displays.
Dashboard one of important elements interior, which the driver pays attention to while driving. Her tuning is always striking. Let's talk about the principles and basic ways to improve the panel.
IN modern foreign cars there is a whole complex of instruments and sensors, including small displays.
How to tune the dashboard
I want to say right away that the boundaries of tuning the instrument panel are limited only by your imagination, it’s up to you to choose the taste and color. But still, for the most part, one can single out the replacement of standard lighting, the addition of lighting for gauges, arrows and other components.
In addition to lighting, you can change and appearance panels by adding special stickers to the appliances. Thus, the appearance of the instrument panel will change. Some motorists manage to make such stickers on their own by printing on a laser printer, on self-adhesive paper.
The third way, and the most expensive, is complete replacement dashboard on tuned. Most often, this can be a completely different arrangement of devices, multi-colored lighting, the presence additional devices. The most modern is the installation of a large display instead of analog devices, but such a pleasure will cost a lot of money.
Illumination of devices based on LEDs
It often happens that the dim factory illumination of the instrument panel mixes the indicators of the instruments or they are not visible at all. Also, because of such a backlight, the driver's eyes get tired, which can lead to an accident.
by the most modern way counts LED lights based on ribbons. Firstly, they are easy to buy at any auto shop, and secondly, they are quick and easy to install. The first thing we need is to remove the instrument panel, depending on the make and model of the car, the panel is removed in different ways, so we will not describe the process of unscrewing and removing the panel.
Now, having removed the panel, we unwind it to the base, so that you can easily get to the standard lighting. As a rule, in cars 12V power supply, the same power supply and LED Strip Light.
Next, you should be good friends with a soldering iron, you will need to remove the regular bulbs and solder the LED strip in their place. Two small wires can be used as soldering fasteners, but not very thin, they can burn out due to the load.
It is desirable to place the LED strip evenly over the entire surface. As practice shows, it is better to solder several short tapes than one long one, and the likelihood of combustion is less, and there will be no load on one power supply.
If you are not friends with a soldering iron, then it is better to turn to experienced ones, since here you need to be careful and ton, the slightest short circuit can burn the entire instrument panel.
After all the tapes have been soldered, it is worth checking, by hanging the instrument panel and turning on the backlight, if everything is done correctly, all the tapes will glow. The tapes themselves can be attached using double-sided tape, so the backlight will be distributed evenly on all devices. It remains only to collect everything in reverse order, spin the dashboard and enjoy.
Film instead of LEDs
More in a simple way can be considered the use of a film instead of LEDs or LED strip. The advantage of this method is simplicity and lower costs. Getting started is the same as in the previous case. It is worth unscrewing and removing the instrument panel, then disassemble it to the base, where the backlight is located. Now the procedure is different. Usually factory lighting white color(in domestic cars), and the color changes due to the film on the devices with reverse side.
The more transparent the film, the brighter the illumination of the devices will be, depending on the color of the film, the illumination of the devices will also be. The principle is designed in such a way that the light from the standard backlight passes through the film, thereby changing the color and highlighting the devices.
Here, as they say, the coloring will be limited by your imagination, you can make numbers of one color, arrows of another, and lines of the third. Some amateurs clean up with sandpaper, zeroing, the base of the devices on the reverse side (from the backlight side), so that the numbers and indicators seem brighter. The film can be used as a special one, it is also sold in car dealerships, or you can find it yourself from improvised materials. Big plus we can assume that no changes will be made to the electronics, which means that there can be no short circuit.
Putting a sticker on the dashboard
In addition to the above methods regarding changing the color of the backlight, you can also change the appearance, that is, the image of the devices, as the driver will see them.
For this, special stickers are most often used. To do this, it is worth disassembling the instrument panel and getting to the instrument substrate, on which the values \u200b\u200band numbers are applied.
It is worth remembering that stickers are sold for each model, brand and year of manufacture of the car separately. From the example of cases, there may be the same car, make and model, even the year of manufacture, but the instrument panel is different. One will have a tachometer, the other will not. Therefore, stickers should be selected very carefully.
Before gluing, try on the surface on the factory panel to see if it fits the fasteners, is there anything that prevents an even sticker. If the old coating can be removed, then it is better to do it, the new sticker will look much prettier. Now, when everything has come up, the surface on which you will glue should be wiped with a degreaser. Stick one side, and while pressing the sticker, slowly pull protective layer. It is worth smoothing so that there is no air under the sticker, otherwise it will lag behind the surface due to temperature in a few months.
After the procedures you have gone through, you can put everything back together and see how much the instrument panel has improved by hanging it. Next, we assemble everything in the reverse order, setting the panel in place.
Change the instrument panel to a new one
As we recalled earlier, in addition to the induced methods, there is also the most expensive, but also the highest quality option, this is a complete replacement of the instrument panel. Dashboards are now in vogue, which are based on a large display instead of analog instruments.
Even on domestic cars you can install such a miracle and the panel will acquire modern look. When choosing, it is worth remembering all the parameters of your car, since even different engine may play a role in the choice. Such a panel allows you to fully customize the devices to your liking, their location, lighting and other parameters. In a word, do everything to the taste of the driver. Below we have shown a video example of the operation of such a dashboard on a VAZ 2114 car.
This technology is based on a large display on the entire instrument panel, an Android-based minicomputer and a set of devices, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.
Such a replacement is usually short-lived, but expensive, so first you should consider whether you need this or just for beauty.
Dashboard tuning price
The cost of parts may depend on what you want to get as a result. For example, an LED strip 10-15 cm long will cost about $ 1-2, but if you take color film, then the total costs are less or you can even find a similar one at home in the garage.
As for the display instead of the instrument panel, then for the same VAZ 2114 it will cost $ 300-400. But still, again it all depends on the modification installed software and set additional features such a dashboard. On average, replacing the entire panel takes a couple of hours.
Video interactive display on the VAZ 2114:
Majority modern cars have good and beautiful dashboards. Some, some. But very soon, digital instrument panels will begin to massively appear in cars, which will replace the analog ones. New dashboards have already started to be used by some manufacturers. We offer you the ten best digital clusters of devices that are presented today on the car market.
A few more and similar digital systems become the norm for all cars. The instrument's digital readings are much more practical and accurate than their analog predecessors. As a rule, the manufacturer embeds an LCD display in the instrument panel, which displays an imitation of instrument indicators familiar to us, such as a speedometer, tachometer, fuel level and much more. In addition, digital instrument panels can display some Additional information, which was not available in analog . For example, the display of a navigation map, which makes it easier for the driver to review the route, practically without being distracted from the road.
1) Tesla Model S
Any discussion about new digital technologies always leads opponents to cars Tesla. Their dashboard represents a radical departure from what we are used to seeing in cars. The instrument panel in these cars is fully electronic, displaying a wealth of information ranging from driving performance graphs to weather information from the Internet.
Extensive customization options will help the driver display various information from. When you start the car, the instrument panel displays an analytics of your previous trips.
The panel reports whether your doors are open, whether the car is charging and much more. The digital LCD screen design, which has replaced the analog instrument clusters, is the most advanced in the car market.
2) Audi TT 2015
The most latest model, as a rule, has the most . Therefore, it is not surprising that this list contains new model. The novelty received a new dashboard, which is a digital instrument cluster cluster. Colorful and beautiful elements of the graphic image are of very high quality. The panel provides output a large number various information, including navigation.
3)Chevrolet Corvette 2014
Gorgeous and high tech. What is worth only a new customizable LCD screen, which is installed in place of analog instrument clusters. Of course, many owners of older cars of this brand will say that the new dashboard does not give such a feeling of sports classics. But nonetheless, new panel devices are much better.
Torque strength, tire pressure, acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h and many other information are displayed, which makes the panel a valuable tool for measuring the power of the car.
4) Dodge Viper SRT
In past generations, these cars often "punished" drivers for their inability to drive. powerful machine. In the new generation, which warn the driver of danger. Moreover, the "viper" begins to warn you of the danger in a frightening way in the literal sense, displaying the "Stryker" logo on the LCD screen of the instrument cluster, which begins to flash red menacingly.
Using this display, you can find out how much you accelerated from 0-100 km / h, from 0 to 200 km / h, the maximum torque for a given section of the road and other information.
5) 2014 Cadillac CTS and XTS
Goodbye analog instrument panel. Hello computer instrument cluster. The new digital panel appeared on the third generation cars. A configurable high-resolution screen in front of the driver can change visual settings, like themes on the Windows 8 desktop.
Appearance settings include both the traditional three circles of instrument panels and a sport theme, where the tachometer is brought to the fore. The designers of the digital panel managed to create a high-quality design in a minimalist style. Most likely, the developers were inspired by science fiction. Also, in addition to the main sets of the instrument cluster, the driver can display a map in front of him navigation system and any information with information entertainment system.
6) 2014 Kia K900/Quoris
Last years Kia surprises with its developments and innovations. High-tech features are used on premium cars. Last luxury model Korean company, which Russian market bears the name Quoris. This model has a stunning digital instrument cluster cluster, with a bright color display. The screen presents all the necessary information, from navigation to multimedia information from the infotainment system.
But the most interesting decision is in the details. A cube is drawn on the screen, which represents the mechanism of the machine. This square displays the vehicle's operating mode. By turning on the sport mode, the square appears in 3-D mode. The faces of the cube show you the speed of the gearbox.
7) 2009 Lexus LFA
On the LFA, after starting the engine, four digital gauges appear on the screen: fuel level, oil pressure, engine temperature and range. As soon as you press the gas pedal, these instruments move apart at the edges, and a speedometer and tachometer appear in the center.
The more you press the gas pedal, the redder the tachometer becomes. When you change gear, a trace of the previous speed remains on the screen. This is done to give you information about the past gear and to let you know which gear you are currently in.
More recently, a similar dashboard appeared in the new IS sedan. While, however, in picking "sport".
8) 2015 BMW i8
It has a fully electronic digital display that replaces analog instrument clusters. Graphics worked out very high quality and bright. The screen provides for the output of 3-D graphics.
In addition to the main instruments of the car and navigation, the screen also displays various Technical information. If, for example, the driver selects the "Eco Pro" economy mode, prompts begin to appear on the screen that tell the driver how to drive with maximum fuel economy, conserving battery drain.
9) 2014 Cadillac ELR
At first glance, you might think that the ELR has the exact same screen as the CTS and XTS, but it doesn't. The thing is that the car is focused on electric cars, which should show the driver the effectiveness of the control and other specific data about hybrid car. Instead of using a speed indicator to show you your preferred speed for efficiency, displays with right side displayed green sign, which, depending on the load, moves up and down.
If you start to press the brake pedal more often, the icon moves up. If you eat at a calm pace or coasting, then the indicator goes down. By balancing this device at the middle level, you will achieve optimal movement by car, saving battery life. In addition, the digital panel can display a navigation map and other information from the infotainment system.
10) 2015 GMC Sierra Denali
GMC Sierra Denali has an exclusive digital display on the instrument panel. You won't find anything like it on others. The machine, in addition to analog devices, has a digital display in the center, which displays information about your current location. Including various information from the entertainment system, as well as data about the caller, to whom you can answer using the built-in speakerphone. Also, your cell phone address book can be displayed on the screen.
An updated one got into the lenses of photo spies Mercedes-Benz C-Class c screen instead of the usual arrow instrument panel. As a rule, new technologies are first tested on flagship models, and then they are offered for more available cars. So, LCD-dashboards were recently installed exclusively on very expensive cars. And there is no doubt that this trend in the automotive industry will continue to develop in the future.
Volvo S60
Some manufacturers have begun to place additional digital displays in the center of the dials. Later, a "motorcycle" combination with an arrow dial in the center and virtual indicators on the sides gained popularity, as on the Ferrari FF and Ford Explorer. IN new Volvo the central device also became liquid crystal - it allows you to change the graphics of devices. For example, in sport mode the background is filled with red, and the arrow indication is replaced by digital.
Lexus LFA
Round device in the center of the shield supercar LFA could move to the right. Thus, on the left of the display, space was freed up for displaying various information. The same technology is applied to the more massive IS sedan with F-Sport package. The scales and the tachometer needle are virtual, but the round device itself is real and moves along the panel to the buzz of the electric drive.
Tesla Model S
The Model S virtual dashboard is built on the same principle as the Volvo and Lexus dashboards: a round instrument is located in the center, and almost any information of interest can be displayed on the sides of it. By design dashboard Tesla can be called the most unusual.
Mercedes-Benz S-Class
The first car with a fully digital instrument panel is considered to be Mercedes-Benz S-Class W221. However, he only had a digital speedometer in the center. The quality of the drawing was such that it was difficult to distinguish a real device from a virtual one. Instead of a speedometer, it was possible to display a picture from a night vision camera on the same LCD screen.
Range Rover (2010)
In 2009 for Jaguar and range rover started offering a fully virtual dashboard. It was a 12.3-inch TFT display. In the Range Rover, it displayed information about the operation of the off-road transmission, the angle of rotation of the wheels and the articulation of the suspension. Visteon, the developer of the virtual instrument cluster, is currently working on HMEYE technology, which will allow you to control the information on the driver's panel using your eyes.
Chrysler 200C EV
Chrysler applied an unusual solution in the concept of the 200C EV electric sedan, shown in 2009 - where the tidy smoothly "flowed" into the center console. It turned out a huge touchscreen of a bizarre shape, through which all onboard systems car. The concept had no buttons or levers. WITH passenger side another screen was located through which it was possible to control the climate control.
Audi TT
Audi went the other way and in the new TT sports car combined the central information display with dashboard. Now the driver can display the navigation map in the entire tidy - in this case, the dials are significantly reduced in size. The Germans got a car for the egoist: the front passenger is deprived of the traditional multimedia display in the center.
Marussia B1
Supercar Marussia became the first Russian car with a fully virtual instrument panel. A feature of the B1 and B2 models was the location of three identical displays on the front panel. The far left served as a dashboard. The other two could display navigation maps, menus multimedia system and a picture from the rear view camera.
How to modify the design of the dashboard with your own hands? A little time, work, and you're done! Consider how such tuning can be done using an example Hyundai car Accent. Here is a list of what we need to get started:
- small pliers;
- sandpaper;
- double sided tape;
- screwdrivers of different sizes;
- photo paper Lomond Satin, matte, with a density of 280 g.
- scissors.
Stage 1. Disassembly.
We proceed to disassemble the panel. Unscrew the two screws at the top. Then we disconnect three connectors and now you can comfortably sit at the table and unscrew the devices.
Stage 2. We shoot arrows.
Use 2 screwdrivers and a hair dryer for this.
Be careful not to damage the tachometers.
Stage 3. processing of the plastic substrate.
We take sandpaper and sand the substrate.
Stage 4. Intermediate.
As a result of your manipulations, the following should be on the table:
- opaque part scales (1);
- old scale (2);
- printouts of the new outside scales (3);
- scale substrate (4);
- tachometer (5);
- arrow.
Stage 5. Printouts.
Carefully cut out the printouts with sharp scissors.
Stage 6. Fastening.
We attach the substrate to the scale. We fix the opaque part of the scale with double-sided tape. If the glue does not warp the paper at temperature amplitudes, it can also be used.
Here is the opaque part already glued. For its manufacture, photo paper with a black fill was used. You can use other opaque and thin material.
Stage 7. Construction collection.
We try on the scale using the clearance. The holes are marked with numbers 1 and 2. This is adhesive tape, visible through photographic paper. This can be corrected by making a plastic backing.
We fasten everything to regular screws.
Panel assembly. The calibration of the arrows will be on the car.
Stage 8. Calibration.
We warm up the car well, in the middle position we fasten the arrow t-ry of the cooled liquid. We do degassing - we put the tachometer needle on idling. Most likely, she stands incorrectly, may either not move at all or move jerkily. Remove and install it again until it moves properly! We roll out gasoline and set the “Fuel level” arrow to the zero position until the signal lamp lights up.
First, we string the arrow in the “half-tank” position, after which it begins to move, bottom or top, reaching the limiter. Here it must be removed and again quickly put in place and fixed “to zero”. Next, we measure the speed, follow which direction and by how much, there will be an error, after which we remove the panel and the device itself. We press the inner rotating part, which is at the back of the device, with a screwdriver, and then scroll the arrow.
