Do-it-yourself turbine installation is one of the most effective ways improve dynamic and speed indicators your vehicle. Thanks to the installation of a turbocharger (turbocharging), you can increase the power of your vehicle, which will be felt almost immediately. There are no such drivers who would not like to improve the performance of their iron comrade at least a little.
Such desires force motorists to install a supercharger on a car. With your own hands or not - it depends on your financial position and availability of free time. This procedure is not cheap, so the only thing you can save on without putting your health at risk by buying cheap parts is the services of auto mechanics. How to install a turbocharger on a VAZ, Chevrolet or any other car will be discussed in our article.
Based on the above, you probably already guessed that a turbocharger or a turbine is a good way to increase the power of your car's engine without increasing its "appetite". Now let's deal with the turbine device.
This is what a car turbine looks like
I would like to note that using the turbine, you will benefit for environment. This benefit lies in the fact that the operation of the mechanism is based on the use exhaust gases from which the turbine consumes energy.
Once on the turbine impeller, the exhaust gases cause it to spin. This drives the compressor blades located on the same shaft.
The advantages of a turbocharger include:
- the possibility of increasing engine power from 25 to 40 percent;
- providing benefits to the environment;
- you can install the unit on almost any car;
- you can perform this operation without the help of specialists.
Due to the rotational movements of the blades in the engine cylinders, air begins to be pumped. This enriches fuel mixture under artificial pressure. As a result of the combustion of enriched fuel, engine power is increased.
Working principle of a turbocharger The only disadvantage of this system, in addition to its cost, is a strong heating, which occurs as a result of the combustion of a large amount of fuel and injected oxygen. The result of such overheating can be a turbine explosion, but the developers managed to solve this problem. Everything turned out to be quite simple - installing an intercooler on a turbocharger, which plays the role of a conventional radiator.
How to choose a turbocharger
To get the desired result, you need to know what engine power you want to have. To do this, you also need to choose the right turbine, because it must fit the model of your car.
Important! Installation of the turbine will depend on the volume of the "engine" and on the type of supercharger. For example, the installation of the TKR-7 turbine will increase the number of Horse power, by increasing the pressure level in the pipes of the fuel system.
What are turbochargers When reaching too high pressure you risk damaging the engine, or rather, exhaust valves. There is a special pipe in the turbine responsible for regulating the exhaust gases entering the turbocharger. The fact is that during operation, not all exhaust gases will enter the turbine - some will pass by the turbocharger.
If you are using your vehicle exclusively within the city, then the K16-2467 turbine is suitable for you, the installation and operation of which is notable for its simplicity. It only concerns diesel engines, For petrol cars this option is not particularly suitable (the impeller is not designed for such temperature regime). Also, your attention is invited to a good option - IHI RHF55. A turbine that can last you for a long time long period, ensuring fast and reliable movement. Made for Isuzu engines.
Quite popular turbine IHI RHF55 By visiting any of the auto shops in your city, you can choose the option that suits you already on the spot. Wherein new part in combination with proper care can last more than a decade. Of course, there are also craftsmen who make turbines with their own hands, but experts recommend not saving on details. It is better to save money on installing a turbocharger, because you can do it yourself.
Important! When choosing a turbine, look for possible trade-offs between cost, power output and resistance to rapid heating. These qualities will serve as the main characteristics of your car in the future.
Preparing for turbine installation
It is advisable to initially think through all the stages of this operation, since this requires special preparation. If you are not a beginner, then installing a turbocharger at home will not be very helpful for you. complicated procedure. Otherwise, get ready for the difficulties that are bound to arise.
Proper preparation is an extremely important part in the installation process Before proceeding with the installation of the supercharger, you need to clean the surface of the engine from accumulated dust and dirt. Take care that dust particles do not enter the turbine oil lines. In addition, many experts recommend changing the oil and filter elements (air and oil).
Turbocharger installation step by step
Serious errors in the installation of a turbocharger can probably lead to a breakdown of the unit, which is fraught with additional financial costs.
The design of the turbocharger includes two special parts called snails. Their task is to pump air into the working cylinders (snail-compressor) and to process and remove exhaust gases (snail-turbine). So let's get started with the installation.
Step 1. Remove the air filter and carburetor. They must be cleaned before removal.
Removing the air filter Step 2 If your car is equipped with a catalytic converter, diagnose it for faults.
Checking the condition of the catalyst Step 3 Treat all air pipes and the crankcase ventilation system with a rag with gasoline.
Carefully process all pipes Step 4 Clean all air ducts. If there are sand or dirt residues in them, this will adversely affect the operation of the supercharger.
Get rid of residual dirt and dust Step 5 Install the turbine and fasten it securely.
Install the turbocharger. Don't forget to fasten it securely. Step 6 Use special plastic clamps to fix the exhaust and injection pipes.
Use clamps to secure Step 7 Starting the turbine shaft manually, pour some oil into the unit. Use a special syringe for this. Never stop spinning the turbine rotor.
Pour oil into the system in small portions Step 8 Start the engine and let it run at minimum speed for a while. Then evaluate the results of your work.
After installing the turbine, start the engine Important! The engine can only be started after a preliminary inspection has not shown any problems. The duration of work should not exceed the mark of twenty seconds, after which it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection again.
After comparing the efforts made to turn the rotor before and after launch, you can safely operate the updated car.
Rules for operating a car with a turbocharger
After the successful installation of the turbine, the owners expect a change in better side. No wonder, because in addition to increasing the power of the steel horse, it will consume fuel an order of magnitude less. Approximately 20-30 percent of unburned fuel is not thrown out, as is done in ordinary cars, but reused. Thus, environmental pollution occurs in much smaller volumes.
After correct execution all recommendations, you can enjoy the result In order for your tuned car to last longer, you need to follow certain rules:
- be sure to warm up the engine before each trip, and after the trip, let it work for a certain time at minimum speed;
- purchase only high-quality turbine oil. Cheap analogues will harm your car;
- replace the filter elements regularly.
Video - Do-it-yourself turbocharger installation
Instruction
Myself stepper motor securely fasten on the stand so that its shaft is in a horizontal position.
Connect two diodes to each of the wires coming out of the motor. Connect one of the diodes with the anode to the wire, the cathode to positive bus nutrition. Connect the other diode cathode to the wire, anode to the negative power bus. Take the diodes themselves, designed for a current of at least 2 A.
Expose the turbine to the wind. Measure the voltage at the rectifier output. Shunt the rectifier with a 200 uF electrolytic capacitance rated for four times the measured voltage. Observe polarity when connecting this capacitor.
Connect a switching regulator made according to any of the known schemes to the output of the rectifier. Its input voltage must be equal to that taken from the rectifier, and the output voltage must be the one that is required.
Install the wind turbine with generator in a place where it will be exposed to too strong wind (it can destroy it). Make sure that the place of its installation is protected by a lightning rod. Also, there should be no people and pets at the location of the turbine so that they do not get injured from its destruction during strong wind.
Connect a load to the output of the switching regulator. In its capacity, depending on the power of the generator and the voltage at the output of the stabilizer, you can use, for example, an LED lamp, a radio, a mobile phone. Do not use expensive devices as a load, which are a pity to spoil by supplying power with incorrect parameters (voltage, ripple). If desired, also connect Charger for small batteries. This will allow you to have some energy reserve that will be used in the absence of wind.
The first information about devices powered by steam dates back to the beginning of the first century BC. Since then steam engines have undergone many changes, constantly improving. The simplicity of the principle of operation has made the steam engine indispensable in various sectors of the economy. You can make a steam turbine yourself.
You will need
- - tin can;
- - tin lids from cans;
- - a strip of tin;
- - metal rivets;
- - screw with nut;
- - aluminum wire;
- - a tablet of dry fuel (spirit lamp, candle);
- - pliers;
- - soldering iron;
- - Flux for aluminum soldering.
Instruction
Using a soldering iron, attach the nozzle and nut to the cap. When soldering an aluminum nozzle, use a universal soldering liquid or flux for aluminum soldering (for example, F59A). Solder the lid to the body of the jar, having previously cleaned the surfaces to be joined from the polymer coating with sandpaper.
Proceed to the manufacture of the turbine. Divide the tin circle first into four equal parts, then each part in half and then in half again. You should have sixteen blades. Cut the resulting petals along to half the radius. Using pliers, bend the resulting turbine blades. Solder the head of the rivet into the center of this design.
From a strip of tin, bend the turbine holder in the form of the letter "P"; make it slightly wider than the length of the two rivets. Solder the turbine into the holder so that it can rotate freely. In this case, the axis will be central rod rivets.
Solder the holder with the turbine to the cover above the nozzle, making sure that the rotating parts of the structure do not cling to anything. From a piece of aluminum wire, make a stand for the resulting design. The turbine is ready to go.
Pour water into the boiler using a plastic bottle for this. The water level must not exceed half the volume of the boiler. Seal the water fill hole using a sealing washer made from the lead sheath of the cable. Light a fire (for this ordinary candle) and wait for the water to boil. Pressurized steam will escape through the nozzle and drive the turbine.
One of the main elements of the so-called steam turbine plant is a turbine. This is a heat engine equipped with blades, during the operation of which the energy of heated and compressed steam is converted into kinetic energy, which causes the shaft to spin. A working model of a steam turbine can be made with your own hands from available materials.
You will need
- - can;
- - a sheet of tin;
- - aluminum rivets;
- - screw;
- - screw;
- - wire;
- - pliers;
- - scissors for cutting metal;
- - scriber;
- - wire cutters;
- - hammer;
- - sandpaper;
- - drill;
- - drill;
- - soldering iron;
- - soldering liquid;
- - solder.
Instruction
cook tin can, which will play the role of a steam boiler. Make sure the jar is intact and undamaged. Work the edges of the jar with pliers so that there are no burrs left on them.
Drill two holes in the tin lid. The first is needed to mount the nozzle, and in the second you will fill in the liquid. For ease of installation of the structure, make a filler hole closer to the edge of the cover.
The use of steam in practice is quite well known for industrial purposes, since steam turbines have been using this principle for a long time.
It is such equipment that works at thermal power plants and power plants. True, for some artisans it is not particularly difficult to make their counterparts of modest size at home.
Operating principle
The fact is that steam turbine By by and large this is part of a special mechanism, the main task of which is the conversion of steam energy into electrical or thermal energy.
Technologically, the whole process looks like this:
- When burning various kinds fuel in the furnace, water turns into steam.
- With further superheating of the steam to 435 ºС and a pressure of 3.43 MPa, the steam is transferred through pipes to the turbine, where, with the help of special units it is evenly distributed over the nozzles.
- From the nozzles, steam is supplied to special curved blades that are mounted on a shaft, because of this they rotate, as a result of which kinetic energy is transformed into mechanical energy.
- The shaft of the generator is an "electric motor" in reverse and rotates with the help of a turbine rotor, and this allows electricity to be generated.
- Further, the steam in the condenser, upon contact with cold water, again turns into water, which the pumps pump again for heating.
How to build a mini steam turbine with your own hands
On the web, you may encounter big amount options that consider a home-made method of manufacturing this unit.
For these purposes, an ordinary tin can, aluminum wire, a piece of tin, and fixing materials will be used.
The listed materials will allow you to do what you have planned at home, without using special equipment and tool. This turbine will demonstrate the transformation of steam energy into electricity.
Manufacturing process
Two holes are made in the lid of the jar, into one of which a part of the tube is soldered. Tin is taken and the turbine impeller is cut out and attached to the U-shaped strip.
After that, a strip is attached to another hole, the impeller is fixed with blades opposite the tube.
The structure is attached to a wire stand, a syringe with water is taken and it is filled, and dry fuel is lit from below. A jet of steam will escape from the tube, which will set in motion an improvised rotor.
True, the power of such a turbine is not enough for anything, since its efficiency is very low. It can only be considered as a mock-up in order to understand how the equipment works.
Making a small do-it-yourself electricity generating device
Suitable for these purposes computer cooler, from which a low-power turbine will be built for the manufacture of the impeller.
Remove from the cooler Electrical engine and install on the same axis with the impeller.
The resulting device should be mounted in a round aluminum case. The lid of the teapot, or rather its diameter, is taken as the basis.
A hole is made in its bottom, where a tube is mounted with a soldering iron, from which a coil is made. The opposite end of the tube should be brought to the impeller blades, thanks to which the design works.
The coil is the most important part of the entire device. For its manufacture, it is better to use copper wire, although, given the small thickness and constant overheating, it has a short service life. Therefore, it is optimal to put a stainless tube in the device.
The functioning of homemade steam equipment and its features
So, the mini-electric machine is ready and you can start testing it.
Having poured water into the kettle and put it on the stove, we notice that when boiling, steam is formed, the energy of which is enough to charge mobile phone or the operation of an LED light bulb.
It is characteristic that at home such a power plant can be used as a toy, since due to low power it will not have enough electricity to operate equipment or household appliances.
It is worth noting: if you are going on a multi-day hike and take with you this equipment, then you will be able to appreciate all the advantages that it gives. For example, you can recharge the battery of a mobile phone, camera or other gadgets.
Unfortunately, the construction of a steam turbine at home, the power of which will be of the order of 500 W or more, is very difficult and involves high monetary costs.
Watch a video in which an experienced user demonstrates the capabilities and design of a do-it-yourself steam turbine:
Having become the owner of a car, every driver strives to improve it with something, hence the desire to make a turbocharger with their own hands. Someone makes adjustments to the external exterior of the car, someone updates the interior, and someone makes more serious tuning, adding power to the motor.
To one of the costly, but effective methods upgrades include turbocharged car equipment. It significantly increases the power of the motor, so many take this step. Especially often, owners of old domestic cars.
Turbocharger and its principle of operation
A turbocharger is a complex structure consisting of a centrifugal or axial compressor working together with a turbine. He increases Vehicle efficiency by supplying a large volume of air to the cylinders.
Its action is based on the following steps:
- The mixture of fuel with air, when it enters the engine, burns out and exits through exhaust pipe. The impeller, mounted at the beginning of the exhaust manifold, is firmly connected to the intake manifold impeller.
- The powerful flow of gases leaving the engine drives the impeller at the outlet. She, in turn, rotates the impeller on intake manifold.
- As a result, the motor is fed a large number of air and fuel at the same time. The more fuel mass burns, the more powerful the engine becomes. The turbocharger is faced with the task of supplying as much air mass as possible to the engine to burn a large amount of fuel. This results in an increase in power.
The built-in turbocharger is capable of burning up to 1.6 times more fuel, increasing the power level by the same indicator.
Operating the car in the usual load mode, fuel consumption will not increase. Thanks to improved acceleration and climbing performance, there are savings. Gasoline consumption will increase with increasing load.
The wear of parts is reduced, and the car will receive the following benefits:
- acceleration time will be reduced;
- increased maneuverability;
- freight traffic will increase;
- the speed will increase.
When is turbocharged equipment necessary?
Many car owners want to equip their car with a turbocharger to increase power. Modern cars, equipped with engines with a large amount of horsepower, such an upgrade is not required.
Owners of domestic cars that do not differ in special power go to such a step. It is rational to equip a small car with a turbocharger. Even a slight increase in horsepower in their engines will be noticeable and give them best overclocking, the dynamics of their performance will improve. What will give more confidence when overtaking other vehicles in conditions highways.
DIY turbocharger
Before installing a turbocharger on your car, you need to decide on the power that you want to get from the engine.
From right choice turbo dependent final result. It should be as close as possible to your brand of car. This will affect the further installation process.
Many car owners are concerned about how to make a turbocharger with their own hands and is it possible? For a beginner this procedure will be difficult, because the process requires knowledge of some nuances.
It may be necessary to refine the mechanisms of the car before installing the turbocharger. Errors in installation will lead to equipment malfunctions, which will lead to new costs. Therefore, you need to make tuning yourself carefully, adhering to the following rules:
- Check before installation the status of all important systems car. Replace the air oil filters. Change the oil and check the serviceability of the oil pipes. The main thing is that during the operation of the turbine, particles of dirt and dust do not get there.
- Check the catalytic converter for faults.
- Check the body air filter. It must be sealed.
- Wash the air pipes and the crankcase ventilation system with gasoline.
- Clean all air supply channels from dirt, otherwise contamination will affect the operation of the supercharger.
- Fill the turbine with oil. The performance of the boost depends on its quality.
- For better dispersal of it in the turbine, use a hand pump. Repeat the manipulation several times. After that, the oil is completely drained from the unit.
- Install the turbocharger and secure it securely.
- For ease of installation, dismantle the heat shield, alternator and exhaust manifold. Drain the cooling fluid from the system.
- Drain all oil. Drill a hole in the engine, install a fitting into it with a sealant. Then remove the oil temperature sensor.
- Install the turbine oil supply adapter.
- Return all details. Connect the turbine with the fitting with a hose, install bypass valve.
- Finally install the intercooler and exhaust pipe.
Interested off-road tuning? Helpful information. What tuning accessories are needed? Read in this article.
System performance test.
To test the system, remove the live wires from the cylinders and turn the engine over with the starter. If the oil pressure remains within the normal range, start the engine. Let the engine idle for 15 minutes. A motor with a turbocharger installed must be run-in at 1.5 - 2 thousand kilometers.
Try not to overload the boost and motor during this period. For the unit to operate for a long time without breakdowns, monitor the condition of filters, oil and air supply systems. Do not rush to turn off the engine, let it idle for a couple of minutes. This will cool the turbo.
By following this turbocharger installation scheme, you will add dynamics to the car. As a result, feel the drive and speed.
The idea of the practical application of steam energy is far from new; the use of steam turbines on an industrial scale has long been a part of our life. It is these units, installed at various power plants and thermal power plants, that supply 99% of our homes with electricity. However, some craftsmen manage to introduce the principle of converting thermal energy into electrical energy at home. For this, a home-made steam turbine of minimum size and power is used. How to assemble it at home will be discussed in this article.
How does a steam turbine work?
Basically, steam turbines are integral part a complex system designed to convert the energy of the fuel into electricity, sometimes into heat.
On this moment this method is considered cost-effective. Technologically, this happens as follows:
- solid or liquid fuel is burned in a steam boiler plant. As a result working body(water) turns into steam;
- the resulting steam is additionally overheated and reaches a temperature of 435 ºС at a pressure of 3.43 MPa. This is necessary in order to achieve maximum efficiency operation of the entire system;
- through pipelines, the working fluid is delivered to the turbine, where it is evenly distributed over the nozzles using special units;
- nozzles supply live steam to curved blades mounted on a shaft and cause it to rotate. Thus, the kinetic energy of the expanding vapor is converted into mechanical movement, this is the principle of the steam turbine;
- the shaft of the generator, which is an “electric motor in reverse”, is rotated by the turbine rotor, as a result of which electricity is generated;
- the exhaust steam enters the condenser, where, from contact with chilled water in the heat exchanger, it turns into a liquid state and is again pumped into the boiler for heating by a pump.
Note. IN best case The efficiency of the steam turbine reaches 60%, and the efficiency of the entire system - no more than 47%. A significant part of the energy of the fuel goes with heat losses and is spent on overcoming the friction force during the rotation of the shafts.
The functional diagram below shows the principle of operation of a steam turbine in conjunction with a boiler plant, electric generator and other elements of the system:
In order to prevent a decrease in work efficiency, the maximum calculated number of blades is located on the rotor shaft. At the same time, the smallest gap is provided between them and the stator housing by means of special seals. In simple words so that the steam "does not spin idle" inside the case, all gaps are minimized. The blade is designed in such a way that the expansion of steam continues not only at the outlet of the nozzle, but also in its recess. How it happens reflects working scheme steam turbine:
It should be noted that the working fluid, whose pressure decreases after hitting the blades, does not immediately enter the condenser after the working cycle in the first block. After all, it still has a sufficient supply of thermal energy, and therefore steam is sent through pipelines to the second block low pressure, where it again acts on the shaft by means of blades of a different design. As shown in the figure, a steam turbine device may include several of these blocks:
1 - superheated steam supply; 2 – working space of the block; 3 – rotor with blades; 4 - shaft; 5 - exhaust steam outlet to the condenser.
For reference. The generator rotor speed can reach 30,000 rpm, and the steam turbine power can reach up to 1,500 MW.
How to make a steam turbine at home?
Many Internet resources publish an algorithm according to which at home and using a small number of tools, a mini steam turbine is made from tin can. In addition to the can itself, you will need aluminum wire, a small piece of tin to cut the strip and impeller, as well as fasteners.
2 holes are made in the lid of the jar and soldered into one piece of the tube. A turbine impeller is cut out of a piece of tin, attached to a strip bent in the form of the letter P. Then the strip is screwed to the second hole, positioning the impeller so that the blades are opposite the tube. All technological holes made during operation are also soldered. The product must be installed on a wire stand, filled with water from a syringe, and dry fuel is ignited from below. An improvised steam turbine rotor will begin to rotate from a jet of steam escaping from the tube.
It is clear that such a design can only serve as a prototype, a toy, since this do-it-yourself steam turbine cannot be used for any purpose. The power is too low, but there is no question of any efficiency. Unless it is possible to show by its example the principle of operation of a heat engine.
A mini power generator can actually be made from an old metal kettle. To do this, in addition to the kettle itself, you will need a thin-walled copper or stainless steel tube, a computer cooler and a small piece of aluminum sheet. From the latter, a round impeller with blades is cut out, from which a low-power steam turbine will be made.
The electric motor is removed from the cooler and installed on the same axis with the impeller. The resulting device is mounted in a round aluminum case, in size it should fit instead of the kettle lid. A hole is made in the bottom of the latter, where the tube is soldered, and a coil is made from it outside. As you can see, the design of the steam turbine is very close to reality, since the coil plays the role of a superheater. The second end of the tube, as you might guess, is brought to improvised impeller blades.
Note. The most complex and time-consuming part of the device is just the coil. It is easier to make it from copper tube than from stainless steel, but it will not last long. From contact with an open fire, the copper superheater will quickly burn out, so it is better to make it yourself from a stainless tube.
Steam turbine application
By pouring water into the kettle and putting it on the gas turned on, you can make sure that when the energy of the steam coming out of the tube boils, it is enough for an EMF to appear at the output of the electric motor. To do this, you should connect an LED flashlight to it. In addition to powering light bulbs, other uses for the steam turbine are possible, such as charging a cell phone battery.
In the conditions of an apartment or a private house, such a mini-power plant may seem like a simple toy. But once on a hike and taking with you a turbocharged kettle with an electric generator, you can appreciate its functionality. Perhaps in the process you will be able to find some other purpose for the turbine. More information you can learn about making a camping generator from a kettle by watching the video:
Conclusion
Unfortunately, constructive steam engines are quite complex and it is very difficult to make a turbine at home, whose power reached at least 500 W. If you strive to ensure that the turbine operation scheme is observed, then the cost of components and the time spent will be unjustified, the efficiency of a home-made installation will not exceed 20%. Perhaps it is easier to buy a ready-made diesel generator.
