Requirements for the environmental friendliness of the car in the modern world. Euro environmental standards Exception to the rule

What is Euro-3? Car compliance with this standard

Question: Dear Alexander Mikhailovich? What parameters determine whether a car belongs to Euro-3 standards? Where can I read or watch them?

Answer: I am a philologist by education. The EURO-3 standard is something related to exhaust gases. There is some place where they take such certificates. In general, when a car is released at the factory, it already has equipment in accordance with certain exhaust parameters. However, given your ignorance of what it is, I would not advise you to buy a car abroad. They inflate. And there are no benefits for students.

Question: We are resettling for permanent residence in Russia under the Program for Assistance in the Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 637 of 06/22/2006). According to the discount, we can take one car with us, it corresponds to the Euro 3 class. I would like to clarify: we have an elongated Sprinter cargo-passenger 9 seats, are there any restrictions on the number of seats and total mass vehicles imported under this program.

Answer: The decision does not say anything about the type of car. I believe that you can import the car you specified.

Euro 3 - environmental standard governing the content harmful substances V exhaust gases vehicles with diesel and gasoline engines. It was introduced in the European Union in 1999 and replaced by the Euro-4 standard in 2005. All vehicles manufactured or imported to Russia from January 1, 2008 must meet the requirements of the Euro III standard. In Kazakhstan since January 1, 2009.
Modification of the design of a car that meets the requirements of Euro II, under Euro standard III usually results in a change to the exhaust system and engine management system. Also, the engine power of the car is usually reduced.

Central Research Automobile and Automotive Institute(NAMI) and Rostekhregulirovanie developed a table. on the basis of which it is necessary to determine whether the machine complies with the environmental class "Euro 3" or not. The table was developed by order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy and the Federal Customs Service.

The table shows in which countries and when the Euro 3 norm was introduced by law.
Starting from the current year of manufacture, cars are automatically considered certified and no certificates or documents are required for them.

For used cars, in accordance with the table, a Euro 3 Standard Certificate is required. Without this certificate, customs officers are not entitled to issue a PTS.

List of documents for issuing a EURO 3 certificate:
1. Statutory documents (for individuals- copy of the passport)
2. Vehicle data (make, WIN, body number, engine number, etc.)
3. A document confirming compliance with EURO 3 or higher (TUV type certificates and other foreign TCP or expert opinion.) For old cars - a document on re-equipment.

Table with information on the compliance of cars with environmental emission classes, depending on their year of manufacture and country of origin

*Note: European Union includes: Austria, Belgium, UK, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Estonia.

On the introduction of environmental class 3 (Euro-3)

The Federal Customs Service informs interested citizens, as well as participants in foreign economic activity, that in accordance with clause 14 of the Government Decree Russian Federation dated October 12, 2005 No. 609 “On approval of a special technical regulations"About the requirements for emissions automotive technology, put into circulation in the territory of the Russian Federation, harmful (polluting) substances" from January 1, 2008, in relation to automotive equipment put into circulation in the territory of the Russian Federation, environmental class 3 (Euro-3) is introduced.

Ensuring compliance with this requirement provides for the determination by the customs authorities of the Russian Federation of the environmental class vehicle, based on the information contained in the certificates of conformity, "Vehicle type approvals" and "Conclusions on the conformity of the vehicle with the requirements." The specified information is formed by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and metrology (Rostekhregulirovaniye), are updated monthly and officially sent to the Federal Customs Service of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

For citizens who want to carry out customs clearance of the car in the optimal time, you need to know an identification number(VIN), make and year of manufacture of the purchased vehicle. Based on the knowledge of these criteria, any citizen can independently determine the environmental class of a car for himself by resorting to the official website. federal agency on technical regulation and metrology (www.gost.ru/wps/portal). If the environmental class of the checked vehicle corresponds to Euro-3 and higher, then when it customs clearance additional supporting documents are not required.

If it was not possible to determine the environmental class of the car, then in this case the citizen should contact the certification bodies that carry out work to confirm compliance with the requirements of a special technical regulation. With their addresses in each federal district can be found on the official WEB-server of the Federal Customs Service of Russia in the section "Information for participants in foreign economic activity" (www.customs.ru/ved_info/baza).

The Russian customs service, which is the state regulatory body, warns that if the environmental class of the vehicle (Euro-2 and below) does not comply with the requirements of the technical regulation or if its environmental class is not confirmed (not lower than Euro-3), the vehicle passport will not be issued by the customs authorities.

Customs clearance vehicles customs bodies of the Russian Federation is carried out and will continue to be carried out in strict accordance with the current customs legislation.

Press Service of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation

http://puchkov.net

Promised two years waiting

Under the chiming clock and the clink of glasses, not only came to Russia New Year, but also the long-awaited standard Euro 3. According to the technical regulation "On the requirements for automobile and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, fuel for jet engines and heating oil", the transition to Euro-3 should have taken place since 2009. Now Russia should have already used the Euro-4 standards and prepared for the introduction of Euro-5, but the plans, as often happens, significantly diverged from reality and timing had to be pushed back 2 years.

What is Euro-3?

Euro-3 standard (according to Russian classification- class 3) establishes stringent requirements for the content of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons in motor gasoline. The mass fraction of sulfur in Euro-3 gasoline cannot exceed 150 mg/kg (in Euro 2- up to 500 mg/kg). The content of aromatic hydrocarbons is limited - no more than 42% (Euro-2 - as it turns out), while the content of the most harmful aromatic hydrocarbon - benzene - cannot exceed 1% (Euro-2 - up to 5%). Sulfur compounds and aromatic combustion products harm human health and destroy car engines. In addition, strict standards for the content of alcohols are established for class 3 fuels: methanol - no more than 5%, ethanol - no more than 10%. This restriction also applies to bioalcohols obtained from plant materials.
Of course, Euro-3 gasoline cannot contain octane-boosting additives based on lead, iron or manganese, which are harmful to human health and create carbon deposits on candles and engine parts. However, these additives are not allowed by Euro-2 standards.
Euro-3 requirements for diesel fuel are similar. The mass fraction of sulfur is not more than 350 mg/kg (Euro-2 allows 500 mg/kg), the content of polycyclic aromatics is not more than 11% (Euro-2 does not regulate this norm).

Moscow fights for clean air

Moscow has the greatest need for environmentally friendly fuel, where about 3.9 million vehicles are registered. According to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, 100% of Moscow residents are exposed to "high and very high air pollution." The share of vehicles in the capital accounts for about 87% of pollutant emissions. Not surprisingly, the Moscow authorities impose special requirements on the environmental performance of the fuel sold at filling stations. Despite the fact that the use of Euro-3 fuel in Russia became mandatory only from January 1, 2011, Moscow refused to use gasoline that does not meet Euro-3 requirements back in 2007. The Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of Moscow noted that this made it possible to stabilize the ecological situation in the city, but it will be possible to achieve changes for the better only with the transition to Euro-4. It was planned to introduce Euro-4 in 2011, but the initiative of the Moscow authorities to further increase fuel requirements is held back due to lack of quality gasoline- not all refineries supplying the capital with oil products are ready to switch to Euro-4 yet.

Total year

If the government does not decide to reschedule the introduction of environmental standards by motor fuel, then in a year Russia will switch to Euro 4. The requirements for the mass fraction of sulfur in Euro-4 gasoline are very strict - no more than 50 mg / kg, aromatic content - no more than 35%. Diesel fuel manufactured in accordance with Euro-4 standards cannot contain more than 50 mg/kg of sulfur.
Most likely, Russian refineries will have time to prepare for 2011. For example, many LUKOIL plants are already capable of producing Euro-4 gasoline, and those lagging behind are quickly catching up. In particular, before new year holidays The Nizhny Novgorod refinery of LUKOIL announced the production of the first batch of Euro-4 gasoline. This became possible after the launch of a catalytic cracking complex at the enterprise. In the first quarter of 2011, the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery plans to launch an alkylation unit, the use of which will make it possible to produce gasoline that fully complies with Euro-5.

There is no limit to perfection

The introduction of the standard in Russia is scheduled for 2015. The transition to this standard will require a very serious modernization of refineries, especially in the field of gasoline production. Standards for the content of sulfur in gasoline and diesel fuel extremely hard - no more than 10 mg / kg, this is 50 times less than allowed by the Euro-2 standard! The exhaust from such fuel is much less toxic, which is very important, especially for large cities.
Europe, meanwhile, does not stand still and is preparing a standard Euro 6. The ecological class of a car (EURO 2, EURO 3, EURO 4, EURO 5) is determined by certification bodies!!!
In order to increase the responsibility of customs authorities, certification authorities and participants in foreign economic activity when determining the environmental class of vehicles, please note that the determination of the environmental class by the customs authorities can be carried out only on the basis of the data contained:
- in the vehicle type approval (OTTS) submitted by the manufacturer or its official representative;
- in the certificate of conformity (for a specific vehicle with a full match of VIN, body number) to the requirements of the technical regulation "On the requirements for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances by motor vehicles put into circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation", issued by a certification body accredited by the Federal agency for technical regulation and metrology of the Russian Federation. The database posted on the official website of Rosstandart (www.gost.ru) and the Federal Customs Service (www.customs.ru) performs information and control functions. The determination of the ecological class based on the data contained in it is not allowed.

To roughly determine the environmental class, you can use the databases of previously issued environmental certificates for cars and (or) vehicle type approvals indicating the environmental class, which are posted on the website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology. To determine the environmental class of a car, you need to know the VIN number of the car. The VIN number of your car must match at least the first 9 characters, and the engine model must also match completely. In the event that at the level of the first nine characters of the VIN number, the database issues different environmental classes (for example, EURO 3 and EURO 4), then try to enter a larger number of characters of the VIN number of the car, if in this case the result is not unambiguous, then you need to go through the procedure certification.
Official bodies issuing environmental certificates for cars.

*According to the ORDER - On making additions to the Regulation on passports of vehicles and passports of vehicle chassis, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia, the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated June 23, 2005 No. 496/192/134

ATTENTION!!! YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE A PTS FOR THE CAR (and therefore you will not be able to register with the traffic police):
below the environmental class EURO 4 - from January 1, 2010;
below emission class EURO 5 - from 1 January 2014

Please note that you will freely import a car that does not meet the standards of the environmental class, but you will not be able to get a title at customs, and therefore register the car with the traffic police. You can only disassemble it for parts.

Databases for determining the environmental class of cars (EURO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5):

• Database of certificates for foreign cars confirming compliance with the requirements of technical regulations, indicating the environmental class. is the main database for determining the ecological class.
• Database of Conclusions on the chassis of foreign cars, confirming compliance with the requirements of the technical regulation, indicating the environmental class.
• Database of "Vehicle Type Approvals" for foreign cars, confirming compliance with the requirements of the technical regulation, indicating the environmental class.

Reference table with information on the compliance of vehicles with environmental emission classes, depending on their year of manufacture and country of origin (the table does not give a 100% guarantee)

Country of origin of the vehicle	Years of production of vehicles, inclusive:
	Not relevant requirements of the technical regulation at the time of import to the Russian Federation (having an environmental class 1 and below)	Compliant with the requirements of technical regulations, according to environmental classes
Part of the European Union,* gasoline engines
Part of the European Union* diesels
Malaysia

*Note: European Union includes: Austria, Belgium, UK, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Estonia.

It can rightly be considered one of the pride of their manufacturer - OJSC "Zavolzhsky engine plant». High quality of these motors is confirmed by years of operation, and often in rather harsh conditions. 4-cylinder, in-line injection engines ZMZ-405 appeared on the market in 2000. OJSC GAZ became the main consumer. These engines were equipped with GAZ-3111 cars. Subsequently power unit improved many times.

So, after the complex works for adaptation, which were launched in 2009, one of the modifications of the 405 family - the ZMZ-40524.10 engine - began to be completed Fiat cars Ducato. IN modern conditions devices of the 405 series are completed as cars as well as minibuses and light trucks.

Design

The Zavolzhsky Zavod engine is a four-stroke automobile power unit with an in-line arrangement of cylinders and pistons. The supply of fuel to the intake channels of the cylinders and the ignition is controlled electronic system. The engine is equipped with an external education system fuel-air mixture. The reciprocating motion of the pistons is converted into rotational by means of one common for all pistons crankshaft. Two camshafts top position. Cooling system closed type, liquid with forced circulation cooler. The lubrication system of the 405th engine is combined. Lubricants are supplied to moving parts under pressure by spraying.

Cylinder block and crankshaft

The modernized block of the 405th engine is made of high-strength cast iron, which, combined with the use of high-precision metal processing methods in its manufacture, has significantly reduced cylinder deformation during operation. In the block of the old model, slots of 2 mm were provided between the cylinders for the cooling system. For the ZMZ-405 engine block, such slots are not provided. In addition, the threaded wells for the cylinder head bolts were enlarged.

The crankshaft is structurally identical but cast from high quality and more durable cast iron. The design is full support with two counterweights for each crank. Improvements have improved resistance centrifugal forces and bending moments.

Engine features

The carburetor ZMZ-406 was used as the basis for the engine. The 405th became a modified injection derivative. Modern advanced ZMZ-405 engines fully comply with the established Euro-3 standards. They are installed on cars of the GAZelle, UAZ and Fiat brands. The manufacturer has developed and implemented several innovative design solutions.

So, the ZMZ-405 block was lightened by 1.3 kilograms due to the complete dismantling of the system idle move from the block head. The engine is controlled by an electronic throttle. This is what made it possible to abandon some components: a throttle pipe, an idle speed controller, idle air pipes, a damper position sensor.

The cylinder block itself retained its original properties after weight reduction. Moreover, the rigidity of the block has been increased. Castings between the cylinders have been eliminated by innovative cross slots provided in the cooling system.

Cylinder head improvement

The engineers of the manufacturing enterprise improved the thermal insulation ZMZ-405. For more reliable tightness of the cylinder block, instead of a reinforced cylinder head gasket made of a single-layer non-asbestos material, a two-layer metal one was used. Updating the material and applying new structural elements, in particular zigzag spring parts, ensured better sealing of the gas joint and channels of the lubrication system, and also made it possible to improve the cooling process. Gasket thickness new design reduced by three times compared to the original soft pad with metal edging and is only 0.5 mm. This made it possible to minimize the need for bolt tightening compared to previous parts, which, in turn, makes it possible to reduce the deformation of the cylinders during operation.

In engines of the 405th Euro-3 series for auxiliary units elongated is used drive belt and self-tensioning roller. Estimated term roller service is 150 thousand kilometers. In engines of the 405th series, fuel is also significantly reduced. These motors meet world standards and acceptable standards toxicity, and are also characterized by increased reliability.

ZMZ-405: specifications

The ZMZ-405 Euro-3 engine developed on the basis of ZMZ-406.10 has the following characteristics:

• The power unit is designed for installation on minibuses and small trucks.
• Engine's type - internal combustion, gasoline, in-line with fuel injection.
• The number of cylinders is 4, with 16 valves.
• Volume - 2.46 liters.
• The compression ratio is 9.3.
• Cylinder diameter - 95.5 mm.
• Piston stroke - 86 mm.
• The declared power is 152 hp. With. (111.8 kW) at 5200 rpm.
• Specific fuel consumption - 198 g/l. With. per hour recommended octane number fuel - 92.
• Motor cooling - liquid.
• Completed weight - 192.2 kg.
• Compliance with Euro-3 environmental standards with a three-way neutralizer installed.

What is the key difference between base engine and ZMZ-405? power increased by 4.8% with an increase in displacement by 7.9%.

Modern engine ZMZ-405: price

Gasoline engines ZMZ-405 series modern modifications(40524.1000400-100, 101) have been in the factory production of OAO ZMZ since 2013. Recent improvements include an optimized valve cover, serrations and an improved ventilation system with a vent. crankcase gases into the receiver. New design changes made it possible to create an engine that meets not only Euro-3, but also Euro-4 environmental standards.

The new engine ZMZ-405, the price of which in dealer networks ranges from 124 to 152 thousand rubles, with a guarantee from the manufacturer's factory, is intended for re-equipment of cars of the GAZelle Business line.

Possibility of tuning ZMZ-405

Tuning any engine provides, first of all, an increase in power. In ZMZ-405, this can be achieved in three main ways: forcing, turbocharging or installing a compressor.

The first tuning option, which has become traditional, provides for a fairly large range of work: installing an active air intake, finalizing the combustion chambers, increasing the volume of the receiver, replacing standard valves, springs, shafts and components piston group more advanced, modernization exhaust system. As a result, the engine takes on a sporty tone, and the power increases to 200 hp. With.

Russia's accession to the Geneva Convention led to the introduction of regulations in the country that set standards for the emission of harmful substances contained in exhaust gases and released into the air. These documents clearly spelled out articles that indicate that only those cars that fully comply with European standards for emissions of harmful substances should be in operation.

Environmental classes of cars

After conducting a huge number of laboratory studies, data was obtained indicating that during the year an average car consumes almost 4 tons of oxygen from the environment, and after processing, the following substances are emitted into the air:

• carbon monoxide - about 800 kg;
• carbons - 200 kg;
• nitrogen oxides - 40 kg.

If we take into account the statistics that the number of cars is increasing every day, then one can only guess what this threatens environment. Environmental services have long begun to pay attention to this issue. Special attention. It is clear that it is impossible to ban the operation of cars, so it was decided to develop regulations governing the regulation of emissions of harmful substances with exhausts. All car manufacturers are required to comply with them.

What is the environmental class of a car?

This concept implies the separation of all existing vehicles into separate categories. Assignment to one or another category is carried out depending on the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases. Also important is the level of harmfulness from the fumes of the fuel that is used for specific vehicle.

Harmful fumes include:

• CO - carbon monoxide;
• NO - nitric oxide;
• hydrocarbons;
• fine solids;

Attention! The ratio of the car to the environmental class is determined at the stage of customs control, when the car crosses the border of the Russian Federation. The eco-class mark is placed in technical passport going along with the car.

Classification of cars by standards

Euro-1 is one of the very first standards that controls the amount of harmful components contained in exhaust gases. It applies only to vehicles equipped with petrol type engine. The standard regulated the amount of oxides of carbon, nitrogen and hydrocarbons in the exhaust. Since this was the very first standard, it is considered the most loyal to transport, but at the same time quite cruel to the environment.

Euro-2 is already an improved standard, which refers to a 3-fold reduction in the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. On the territory of the Russian Federation, it entered into force in 2005. Full application only started in 2006.

Euro 3 - this standard refers to the regulation of the content of negative components in the exhaust gases of a vehicle equipped not only with gasoline, but also diesel engine. The Euro-3 norm has even greater requirements for emissions. Compared to previous standards, a reduction of almost 40% is envisaged.

Euro 4 - This standard has been actively used in Europe since 2005. On the territory of Russia, it began to operate only in 2010. According to him, the reduction in the composition of negative components in the exhaust gases should be 40% compared to the previous standard.

Euro 5 is one of the most popular standards in use today. It has become mandatory since 2008. It must comply with all new vehicles with a high load capacity, the sale of which is carried out in the European Union. Correspondence passenger transport These regulations have been required since 2009. In Russia, the norms have been introduced since 2015.

How can I find out what class a car belongs to?

There are three most right way, thanks to which you can find out if the vehicle belongs to the environmental class:

• analysis vehicle title- it is quite possible that there is a mark indicating a certain standard;
• search in the Rosstandart table;
• query through the online database, specifying only the VIN.

Environmental class in TCP

First of all, you can find out which standard the car's exhausts meet with the help of PTS. This is a vehicle passport containing basic technical data. If this is a new type of document, then find out necessary information you can in column 13. Most often, the class is written in words.

In the event that the document is not a new sample, then this note may be in the column "Additional notes".

Attention! If the PTS did not find an answer to this question, then you can find the information in the Rosstandart table.

Ecological class in the Rosstandart table

The agency that certifies vehicles, in accordance with the special standards of the Russian Federation, has developed a special table with which you can find out which environmental class the car belongs to.

The main criteria that are taken into account when determining the class of a car include the year of production and the country of manufacture. The list of manufacturers includes not only European countries, but also located outside of it. When compiling the table, not only the UNECE requirements were taken into account, but also other standards that are used on the territory of other producing countries.

Surprisingly, the Russian departments are developing this table, but our country is not on the list. The reason for this is that all the above criteria have been introduced in the country recently. That is why it is not entirely correct to compare cars of old production and produced in the early 2000s with European-made cars that meet all the necessary standards.

If, after you have learned the class of the car from the table, there are any incomprehensible moments or questions, then you can additionally find out by VIN code.

Advice! You can find the ID in different places depending on the manufacturer: on the engine, on the body pillar next to the driver's seat, on the dashboard on the driver's side, under the floor trim or door sills and always in the PRT.

Find out the emission class using VIN

You can find out about the class of the vehicle by the VIN code on the special website of Rosstandart. On the website of the department for this there is a special online service. It is through him that you can make the appropriate request.

This method has its own great dignity is the accuracy of the result. In a certain column is entered VIN number and the request is sent. After recognizing the identifier, a result is produced that describes the following data:

• car model;
• type of transport;
• approval number;
• date of issue of the document and its validity period;
• environmental class type.

Attention! The information you need can only be obtained if given VIN is in the Rosstandart database. It is quite possible that it is not there. In this case, the owner of the vehicle will have to independently contact the relevant department.

Conclusion

The introduction into force of special environmental standards regarding the content of certain harmful components contained in the exhaust gases of a car made it possible to divide cars into environmental classes. In the event that the composition of negative substances in the exhaust is very high, the car owner will have to pay a transport fee and a duty, the amount of which depends on the class.

More detailed information about new environmental class Euro 5 will be recognized in next video: