STOA "Gorodok", a service station, is located at the address: Murmansk region, Murmansk, Verkhne-Rostinskoye shosse 38. Entry to the territory of the service station is carried out from Verkhne-Rostinskoye shosse 38. Near the service station there are asphalted parking lots, the dimensions of which allow drivers to maneuver freely. For the convenience of customers and service personnel, parking is located opposite the Gorodok service station.

STOA "Gorodok", like most car service centers in the city of Murmansk, the purpose of which is to perform high-quality repair work or carry out preventive maintenance of a car of any type and model from any manufacturer.

STOA "Gorodok" provides the following services: repair and diagnostics of the running gear of the car; repair and replacement of the clutch; brake system repair; Change of oil; engine repair; camber adjustment; gearbox repair; injector adjustment; repair and adjustment of the carburetor; diagnostics and troubleshooting in the electrical system of the car.

All types of services provided have certificates of conformity.

The experience accumulated at the Gorodok service station suggests that a car maintenance and repair post deployed on its territory can quickly become competitive and bring tangible profits to the enterprise.

Specialists of various qualifications work at the Gorodok service station. Among them: production workers for MOT and TR; employees; administrative and managerial staff.

The qualification of the staff is high. Each of the employees is competent in their field and is constantly expanding the range of their knowledge and skills. Employees undergo additional training, engage in self-education, improve their skills.

If desired, the client can communicate with the personnel repairing his car - the masters will answer all questions of interest regarding the work performed, politely and in a form that is easy to understand.

Service station "Gorodok" working hours: daily from 9:00 to 19:00. Lunch from 13:00 - 14:00. Days off: no days off. The company is closed on public holidays. Phone service station "Gorodok": 8-815-22-61-067,8-951-29-78-401.

Reception of clients is carried out directly on the territory of the service station. Regarding the performance of work, payment, cost of services and other organizational issues, the client must contact the senior master. Prices depend on the complexity of the work performed.

When drawing up a contract, the registration number of the car is recorded, as well as the phone number of its owner in case of prompt communication with the client, during a long-term repair.

The presence of the client in the repair area is unacceptable, as this may threaten his safety. Payment for the services performed is made after they are completed.

Entry and exit of cars from the boxes (repair posts) and from the territory of the enterprise is carried out with the permission of the master and under the guidance of a specialist carrying out repairs, since the space for maneuvering in the parking lot is often very limited due to the accumulation of cars that are being repaired or vice versa, waiting for their queues.

Organizational forms of maintenance and repair of cars are very diverse. Modern workshops are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified according to specialization, production capacity (number of production posts and sites) and competitiveness.

Depending on the location STOA is divided into urban, mainly serving the fleet of cars of a particular locality or territory, and road providing technical assistance to cars on the way. This division determines the difference in the number of production posts and the technological equipment of service stations. Road service stations are universal, have from one to five working posts and are designed to perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions that occur along the way, as well as to refuel vehicles with fuel and oil. Road stations are usually built in conjunction with gas stations.

By specialization car service companies are divided into complex(universal), specialized by type of work and service station self-service. Integrated service stations perform the entire range of maintenance and repair of vehicles. They can be universal - for maintenance and repair of several brands of cars or specialized - for servicing one brand of car. With the increase in the fleet of cars and the diversification of its structure, specialized service stations for car brands are being developed. This is confirmed by foreign practice, as well as the experience of such cities as Almaty and Astana, Karaganda. The same situation takes place in Kostanay. For example, Intermotors LLP maintains and repairs only Japanese-made cars.

Specialized car service enterprises are also classified according to specific makes and models of cars and types of work (maintenance and repairs during the warranty period, maintenance and repairs after the warranty period).

Service stations are subdivided by level of specialization:

• - maintenance and repair of cars of foreign production only;
• - maintenance and repair of cars only of domestic production (CIS countries);
• - Maintenance and repair of cars, both domestic and foreign production. Moreover, at car service enterprises, preventive effects prevail over repair ones for imported cars and repair ones over preventive ones for domestic cars.

Car repairs and accident elimination are usually carried out either by specialized workshops or by relatively large service stations equipped with special equipment.

By type of work STOs are subdivided into diagnostic, brake repair and adjustment, repair of power supplies and electrical equipment, repair of automatic transmissions, body repair, tire fitting, washing and others. For example, in the USA, highly specialized stations and workshops account for up to 25% of their total number.

In terms of production capacity (based on the number of production posts and sites), city service stations can be divided into small, medium, large And large.

Small service stations with up to 10 working posts perform the following types of work: washing and harvesting, express diagnostics, maintenance, lubrication, tire fitting, electric carburetor, bodywork, body tinting, welding, repair of units. The main share of this group is made up of specialized service stations. As a rule, they are engaged in performing only preventive work and are located within a radius not exceeding 10-15 km from the consumer.

Medium service stations, which include the one being designed, with the number of working posts from 11 to 30, perform the same types of work as small stations. In addition, a complete diagnosis of the technical condition of the car and its units, painting of the entire car, replacement of parts, and also car sales can be carried out here.

Large service stations with more than 30 posts perform all types of maintenance and repair in full. These service stations may have specialized areas for overhaul of units and assemblies. Production lines can be used to perform diagnostic and maintenance work. As a rule, these service stations sell cars.

According to competitive characteristics The auto service market can be subdivided as follows.

First group- branded (dealer) service stations that sell and service cars of specific companies and work directly with companies, concerns, manufacturing enterprises - authorized centers. These specialized workshops have modern technological equipment, original spare parts, a wide range of services for a specific brand of vehicles, trained personnel with a high level of customer service culture, a high reputation and high prices.

Branded service stations perform functions related to the maintenance and repair of vehicles during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation. In addition, they can be considered as subdivisions of car factories, providing them with reliable information about the quality of cars produced. At the same time, branded service stations can act as centers for the production and technical training of personnel.

second group make up the former state service stations, which have extensive experience in car service, specially designed premises, advantageous location, good traditions, but outdated views on the attitude towards the consumer and inertia, which makes it difficult for them to fully and effectively adapt to market conditions. These workshops have good but often outdated equipment, established relationships with customers who are used to using their services, usually low prices, they are trusted because they have been accustomed to adhere to laws since the old days, they have a good image, but not the best quality of spare parts. In terms of market coverage in terms of the range of services, they can be called universal.

To the third group include private, newly created service stations that emerged after the transition to a market economy. In general, they have the same characteristics as the second group.

to the fourth group include car services at the production and technical base of motor transport and other enterprises. Here, there is a relatively low level of maintenance and repair technology, a low service culture, low qualification of personnel, low aesthetics of production, an overestimated duration of work and a narrow specialization in car models.

to the fifth group car service enterprises include garage car services. In terms of characteristics, they are inferior to the enterprises of the previous group.

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The performance of maintenance and current repairs of cars owned by motorists is carried out by car service stations (STOA). The structure of the workshop is in line with the technological process based on plans, schedules, frequency and total scope of maintenance work.

For each operation of the technological process, certain points or sections of the production area are provided, which have special equipment, fixtures and tools.

Maintenance and current repairs at the service station are mainly carried out by the in-line method, in which work is performed at specialized posts according to a pre-developed technology with a given time for their execution.

Conveyors are used to move the car from post to post.

Depending on the scope of work, there may be several sections at the service station specializing in units: a section for the maintenance of engines, electrical equipment, transmission, chassis, body and cab, etc.

Each type of work is carried out according to technological operational maps. They indicate the name of the operation, technical conditions and time standards for its execution, the tools and equipment used, and the specialty of the worker.

With a small amount of work on maintenance and current repairs, the organization of production at the service station can be a team, in which the team performs work on all vehicle units within this type of service. The qualifications of the performers of the work must be sufficiently high. Work is carried out at one universal post.

Service station classification

Depending on the capacity (estimated number of comprehensively serviced vehicles), size (number of work posts or car seats in the service station building), location, purpose and specialization of the service station, the types of work performed by them and their combinations may be different.

According to the principle of placement, urban service stations (Fig. 3) and road service stations are distinguished; by the nature of the main production activity - warranty (manufacturers), complex, specialized, self-service; in terms of production capacity and size - small, medium, large and large (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Classification of car service stations.

City service stations(Fig. 4) are designed to service the fleet of cars owned by citizens in cities and other settlements, and road service stations- to provide technical assistance to all vehicles en route.

Fig. 4. Modern city service station for 25 posts with an area of ​​2500 sq. m.

City service stations can be universal or specialized, depending on the type of work and car brands. These also include factory warranty service stations.

Urban workshops generally have a relatively constant clientele and perform, if production capacity permits, comprehensive vehicle services.

Roadside workshops have a casual clientele and their main task is to repair failures and malfunctions that have occurred in transit vehicles.

At present, the orientation of the service station to perform certain types of work is determined mainly by its production capabilities, i.e., the availability of appropriate areas, sites, equipment, etc.

With the increase in the fleet of cars and the further development of the network of workshops, specialized stations of complex service will become widespread, i.e. workshops that perform maintenance and repair of a certain brand of cars, as well as workshops specialized in types of work, for example, diagnosing, washing, repairing electrical equipment and power devices, brakes, units, body painting, etc. These and other works can be performed in various combinations with each other with partial specialization. Such a prospect is confirmed by the existing practice in large cities such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, where the level of saturation with cars is much higher than the average for the country, as well as foreign experience.

The grounds for the specialization of service stations by car brands or types of work are the presence in the serviced region of a sufficient number of objects of labor influences that ensure the full loading of the station and the efficient use of high-performance equipment, the possibility of using advanced technology and rational organization of production. A certain number of car owners prefer to carry out MOT and TR on their own. However, the existing conditions do not always allow this, since there are self-service posts only at some domestic service stations. Meanwhile, not only posts, but also self-service stations have become widespread abroad (Fig. 5).

Fig.5. self-service station

The main difficulties in solving this issue are the organization of appropriate quality control and compliance with safety regulations. In connection with the constant improvement of the design of the car, its maintenance is of a qualified approach, the use of sophisticated modern equipment with high accuracy, as well as appropriate technology. Loss of quality during maintenance and repair in most cases leads to traffic accidents and environmental pollution.

Road service stations (Fig. 6) are usually small and consist of several working posts, universal in terms of types and brands of vehicles serviced, but limited in the list of services they provide. Depending on the purpose and capacity of service stations, they mainly perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions, mainly by replacing components and parts that are needed along the way. Carry out refueling of vehicles with fuel, oil and other operating materials, as well as provide technical assistance services on the road by specialists of mobile workshops and towing vehicles that have lost the ability to move on their own.

On-road service stations usually have a wide range of spare parts that are in the greatest demand, car accessories and operating materials in small packages, in most cases there are self-service posts, rest rooms and buffets. Such service stations can be part of motels, as well as be built in combination with gas stations (gas stations). In addition, at gas stations, if they are located at a considerable distance from road or other types of stations, they organize small technical assistance points for 1–2 posts and self-service posts (Fig. 7).

INTRODUCTION

No matter how perfect the car is, to maintain it in a technically sound condition throughout the entire period of operation, certain types of technical impact (diagnostics, lubrication, adjustment, repair, etc.) and the provision of spare parts are required.

The developed "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of vehicles ..." establishes the fundamental foundations and standards for technical actions aimed at ensuring the reliable and safe operation of vehicles, and also contains the basic information necessary for organizing maintenance and repair of vehicles at the enterprises of the "Auto maintenance" system - STOA.

The car is a source of increased danger and, in accordance with applicable law, the owner is fully responsible for the technical condition and operation of his car. Service stations are responsible for the quality of maintenance and repair work performed.

Vehicle maintenance is a complex of technological operations aimed at: preventing the occurrence of failures and malfunctions, maintaining vehicles in good condition and ensuring their reliable, safe and economical operation. Regular and high-quality maintenance in full also reduces the need for repairs.

The main purpose of the repair is to eliminate the malfunctions and restore the vehicle (unit) to working capacity by replacing or repairing its individual parts and adjusting them.

Determining the technical condition of cars and establishing the scope of repair work is carried out, if necessary, using diagnostic tools. In cases where it is impossible to determine the technical condition or malfunction of units and assemblies using diagnostics, they are removed from the vehicle and disassembled for the final determination of the scope of repair work.

Car owners during the manufacturer's warranty period are required to carry out maintenance in full (otherwise they lose the right to warranty repairs). At the end of the warranty period, they are given the right to selectively carry out certain types of car maintenance work at the service station, including from the scope of work indicated in the service book coupons.

Malfunctions of components, connections and parts that affect traffic safety, identified at the service station, are subject to mandatory elimination.

Brief description of the enterprise

The service station (STO) of Avto-ZIP LLC is an enterprise of an integrated type that carries out storage, maintenance and repair of rolling stock, as well as supplying the necessary operational, repair materials and spare parts.

The enterprise is located in the city of Novocherkassk at Rostovsky exit, 4 and repairs the rolling stock of cars of the brand: GAZ, ZIL, MAZ, KAM (AZ), foreign cars and performs all types of maintenance and repair of cars belonging to the population.

Management in Auto-ZIP LLC is carried out according to the following scheme:

Organizational structure of management

Figure 1 - Block diagram of the enterprise

The General Director of Avto-ZIP LLC is the head of the enterprise, carries out the selection and placement of personnel, bears legal and administrative responsibility.

The Deputy Director for the economic part carries out work on supplying the enterprise with all the necessary consumables and spare parts for the smooth functioning of the service station, heads the technical service and is responsible for the technical condition of the rolling stock, the condition and development of the technical base. The head of the repair (workshop) sections is subordinate to him.

The maintenance and repair service carries out maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock for all types of work. The form of labor organization is the method of complex teams.

The service station (STO) of Avto-ZIP LLC, according to the principle of purpose and location, belongs to the city service station and serves mainly a permanent fleet of trucks of various capacities, as well as foreign trucks.

By the nature of the services provided, it is a complex station with a universal slope.

The following types of work are carried out:

– repair of engines (complex diagnostics);

– repair of electrical equipment;

– body work;

– repair of systems, components and assemblies;

– repair and adjustment of brakes;

- lubrication work.

Small retail trade in auto parts is carried out.

The disadvantages are:

– lack of a car wash area;

– body work is carried out in a non-specialized room;

- The equipment is rather scarce, there is no stand for tire fitting of wheels of trucks;

In the future, in order to enlarge the enterprise, an exhibition hall 15 x 12m (h = 6m) for the sale of cars will be built. A place was designed for the construction of a bathhouse (6 x 10m) and a cafe for 15 seats and other industrial premises.

STOAs can perform the following functions: - car sales and pre-sales service for new and used cars; – sale of spare parts, operating materials and accessories for vehicles; – maintenance and repair during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation; – diagnostics of knots and units; – anticorrosive protection of bodies;

– overhaul of units; – subscription service (under the contract); – preparation of vehicles for technical inspection; – organization of workplaces for self-service; – provision of technical assistance on the roads; – checking and adjusting engines for compliance with exhaust gas toxicity standards; – consulting on the technical operation of vehicles.

Modern service stations- These are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified by purpose, location, production capacity and specialization.

Depending on destination and placement of service stations are divided into city and road.

City service stations are intended mainly for servicing the fleet of cars of a particular settlement or territory.

road stations– to provide technical assistance to all vehicles on the way: cars, trucks and buses.

By the nature of the main activity, urban Service stations can be complex (perform the entire range of maintenance and repair works), warranty (often from manufacturers) and specialized (for specific car models or types of work: diagnostic, repair and adjustment of brakes, bodies, power devices, ignition, batteries, etc.).

Urban service stations are divided into the following groups according to their production capacity and type of work performed: - small stations (number of working posts up to 10); - medium stations (number of working posts up to 30); – large stations (number of working posts up to 50); – large stations (the number of working posts is more than 50).

12.Organization of maintenance and repair of cars owned by citizens: the system of maintenance and repair of cars during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation, the structure of the auto maintenance system.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of cars and the rights of their owners, a preventive maintenance and repair system is applied, the basics of which are set out in the "Regulation on the maintenance and repair of cars owned by citizens."

Pre-sale preparation cars includes: - a set of mandatory works to remove a layer of temporary anti-corrosion protection from the painted surface of the body, check the presence of oils and special liquids in units and systems, carry out cleaning and washing operations, check and adjust units, assemblies and systems, especially those that ensure safety movement, verification of technical documentation and its compliance with the numbers of the body and units (the labor intensity of these works is 3.5 man-hours); - a set of works to eliminate the identified faults (3.5-4.5% of the cars sold); - a set of additional works on the installation of anti-theft devices, mirrors, anti-corrosion treatment of the body, etc. (at the request of buyers).

Warranty service provides for maintenance and diagnostics (at the expense of car owners, except for works necessarily recommended by the manufacturer), repair (if the driver complies with the operating rules - at the expense of the manufacturer or service station), consultations on explaining the rules for operating and storing cars, driver training independent performance of individual adjustment work.

During the post-warranty period maintenance and repair are carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of passenger cars owned by citizens." The regulation establishes the types and standards of technical impacts, contains the main recommendations for the organization of maintenance, TR and KR at the service station. At the same time, the maintenance regime is regulated by a service book (SC) attached to the car when it is sold and including, for example, service coupons for VAZ cars after 2–3 thousand km, 9.5–10 thousand km. The frequency of maintenance, the list and scope of operations are determined by the manufacturers. Modern passenger cars have runs up to the next MOT after the first service - 15-30 thousand km.

Overhaul of units is carried out at car repair enterprises and specially equipped service stations.

Rice. 5.1. The structure of the system of maintenance and repair of cars owned by citizens

Organization of maintenance and repair of passenger cars owned by citizens: a system of maintenance and repair of cars during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation, the structure of the auto maintenance system.

The organization of the production process at the service station is carried out according to the following scheme

If the workshop sells cars, they are sent to the pre-sales facility (and, if necessary, to the appropriate area for troubleshooting), and from there to the storage area and store. Cars arriving at the service station for maintenance and repair are washed, arrive at the acceptance site to determine the scope of work, and are sent through the waiting area (or bypassing it) to the appropriate production site. In the washing area, body and trunk saline is cleaned, the engine, wheels, car (bottom and top), and drying are washed. When harvesting and washing, jet-brush, drying, dust-pine and various kinds of specialized installations are used. To restore and extend the life of the paintwork in this area, body polishing can be performed. The site for receiving and issuing cars is designed for external inspection and checking the completeness of the car and its technical condition, determining the approximate scope of work, monitoring the work performed and handing over the car to the owner. As equipment, floor posts or lifts are used. If necessary, to establish the cause of malfunctions, the master-receiver sends the car to the diagnostic posts or makes a test drive of the car. At the diagnostic site, hidden malfunctions in the brake system, suspension, engine, power systems and electrical equipment are revealed, the residual resource is predicted, minor malfunctions are eliminated, the residual resource is controlled, the quality of maintenance and technical operations is controlled. Depending on the size of the workshop, the diagnostic area is located at one to three posts (combined or separate stands for checking the engine, brakes, suspension), and at large stations in the maintenance and repair zones, additional posts can be organized for checking and adjusting wheel alignment, dynamic wheel balancing, headlight check. At the site (zone) of guard work for maintenance and repair, preventive and repair operations, removal and installation of units and assemblies are carried out. Works are carried out on floor posts, inspection ditches (with and without lifts), overpasses, stationary lifts (hydraulic single-plunger, two- and four-post electromechanical), tilters, painting and drying chambers, etc. Taking into account the specifics of the work performed at the service station , it is recommended to equip 60–70% of posts with lifts. Components and assemblies removed from vehicles can be sent for inspection and repair to specialized production sites: aggregate-mechanical, tire fitting and tire repair, fuel equipment, electrical equipment, batteries, painting and anti-corrosion coating, wallpaper. The scope of work in these departments and the equipment used are basically similar to those used in the ATP of cars. According to the technical purpose, the following types of posts are distinguished: – work posts; – car-places; - auxiliary posts; - posts for receiving and issuing cars, drying at the site of cleaning and washing operations, preparation and drying at the painting site; - waiting posts.

14. Features of the organization and technology of work at the sites of the service station: receiving and issuing vehicles, diagnostics, maintenance, current repairs and pre-sale preparation of vehicles. Acceptance and issue of the car are carried out, as a rule, at a specialized post (section), in the presence of the customer or his representative. Upon acceptance, the following types of work are performed: - checking the compliance of the license plate data of the car with the data recorded in the technical passport; – control inspection of the car; – determination and coordination with the customer of the volume, we stand. and terms of performance of works; - preparation of primary documentation. Control inspection when accepting a car, it provides for: - inspection of the car in accordance with the types of work declared by the owner; – Inspection to determine the general technical condition of the vehicle; - checking the completeness of the car. To obtain an objective assessment of the technical condition of the car and the upcoming scope of work, with the consent of the customer and at his expense, the car can be sent for diagnosis, after which a control and diagnostic card is issued. Acceptance of vehicles for maintenance or repair is carried out direct or indirect acceptance, by appointment or by express service. Direct acceptance is an organizational process that begins with an initial contact with the client by phone, an appointment made in advance in accordance with the wishes of the clients, and the distribution of the acceptance by the dispatcher throughout the day, so that each client receives the personal attention of the receptionist. Indirect acceptance differs from the direct one in that the client leaves his car at the PA for subsequent maintenance or repair. After completion of the work, the client is notified by phone or otherwise, after which he takes the repaired car. Pre-entry. The system of pre-setting the date and time of handing over the car for repair is convenient for the customer - he can choose a convenient time or make the most of the car for business, handing it over for repair in the evening or at night. This system allows the enterprise to plan the distribution of the workload of mechanics and capacities. Express service - This is a car service that takes a total time of no more than 1.5 hours. This type of service is used when eliminating minor faults, such as replacing burnt out light bulbs, checking and adjusting engine power systems for the content of toxic substances in exhaust gases, etc. PBX is issued to the customer after full payment for the work performed, upon presentation of a copy of the acceptance certificate and the work order, documents proving the identity of the owner, and for the representative of the owner - also a power of attorney for receipt, drawn up in the prescribed manner. The scope of work performed and the completeness of the vehicle must comply with those specified in the work order and acceptance certificate. The issuance of the automatic telephone exchange to the customer is carried out by the receiving master after control of the completeness and quality of the work performed. Control inspection when issuing a car provides for: - control inspection of the car in accordance with the work performed on maintenance or repair; - control inspection to ensure road safety; - checking the completeness of the car.

15. Technological layout of the service station (STO): requirements for planning solutions; the composition of the service station premises and their relative position, analysis of the design solutions of the service station.

Service stations are located in industrial and municipal warehouse areas with the closest possible proximity to car storage areas (city service stations) or main highways (road service stations). For the service station area, as a rule, a rectangular area with an aspect ratio of 2:3 is selected. . The size of the land plots of the service station can be taken using the following recommendations, depending on the number of work posts:

10 posts - 1 ha; 15 posts - 1.5 ha; 25 posts - 2.0 ha; 40 posts - 3.5 hectares.

On the territory of the service station there are: - the main building (production, storage, administrative and amenity premises); – treatment facilities; – parking of cars awaiting repair (open); – parking of repaired cars (under a canopy); – car parking before sale (under a canopy); - Warehouses for paints and varnishes, oxygen, acetylene; – posts for self-service (under a canopy or closed). The arrangement of cars is made taking into account the independence of the exit of all cars at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the passage.

Distances from service stations to residential and public buildings should be taken at least (with the number of workers (less than 10 people / above 10)) - (15m / 25m) to residential buildings, 50 m to school buildings.

When choosing a site and placing buildings and structures on it, one should take into account the possibility of expanding the service station with minimal restructuring. Reserved areas can be used for organizing paid parking.

The planning solution of the service station is based on the scheme of the production process, the composition of the premises, space-planning solutions, as well as fire-prevention and sanitary-hygienic requirements for individual zones and sections.

The height of production facilities is 3.6 m - without crane equipment and 4.8 m - equipped with overhead crane equipment.

The production part of an integrated service station may include the following zones, sections, departments: - cleaning, washing, drying, body polishing; – acceptance-issuance; – diagnosing; – MOT, TR, warranty service; – lubricants; – body repair; – full or partial painting; - anti-corrosion treatment of the body; – repair of power system devices; – repair of electrical appliances; – charging and repair of storage batteries; – repair of units; – mechanical works; – copper and reinforcing works; – work on pre-sale preparation; - control room, bureau for monitoring the loading of posts and rationing.

The cleaning and washing area should be located taking into account its possible use both before maintenance and repair, and as an independent service, i.e. without subsequent travel through the territory of the service station. Crossing the routes of movement of cars on the territory of the station is not allowed. The acceptance-delivery area should be adjacent to both the administrative and commercial and the production part of the service station. It is adjacent to the diagnostic section, which should be located so that it is convenient to use it both when checking the quality of maintenance and repair, and diagnosing a car according to a consumer complaint. The diagnostic area is usually located adjacent to the client area. This enables the client to be present during the diagnosis of his car, or at least to observe the progress of this process through a glazed partition from the client's room. Client rooms can be equipped with devices that duplicate the readings of the main diagnostic equipment. Centralized distribution of fresh and collection of used motor and gear oils should be provided for at service stations with more than 10 working posts. At service stations with up to 10 working posts (inclusive), it is allowed to place posts for body repair using welding in the maintenance and repair posts, provided that that these posts are fenced with solid fireproof screens 2.5 m high from the floor and provided with centralized gas supply. Compressors with a power of up to 14 kW, assembled with air collectors, can be installed in rooms for washing posts or maintenance and repair stations with up to five posts, inclusive. The TO and TR zone is the main one and, by the nature of the production process, should be connected with all production sites and the central warehouse. When developing workshop layouts, it is recommended to use standard solutions. Below are examples of such solutions (projects). A low-power service station includes a station with six working posts (Fig. 5.3). The station performs maintenance and repair works of 720 vehicles per year. The building of this station is made with a shift of its two parts with dimensions of 42 12 and 30 12 m relative to each other, which achieves improved illumination of the TO and TR area 1. In the main workshop hall there are two posts with electromechanical lifts 4, one specialized diagnostic post 5 and one tipper car 3 to repair the running gear and the bottom of the body.